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《嘉莉妹妹》不同译介和研究视角的现实意义
陈万明
【期刊名称】《平原大学学报》
【年(卷),期】2008(025)002
【摘要】回顾近年来<嘉莉妹妹>在中国的译介和主要研究情况,分析20世纪美国著名小说家德莱塞的第一部长篇小说<嘉莉妹妹>中的"嘉莉妹妹"现象和实质,揭示中国学者译介和研究它的现实意义:它不仅在中国文坛上引起了一次震动,还引发我们对当下社会环境、人生态度和生存方式的思考.
【总页数】3页(P40-42)
【作者】陈万明
【作者单位】重庆师范大学外国语学院,重庆400047
【正文语种】中文
【中图分类】I712.06
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2.女性主义视角下的戴乃迭译介活动研究——对20世纪80年代中国女性文学的译介 [J], 王惠萍
3.女性主义视角下的戴乃迭译介活动研究——对20世纪80年代中国女性文学的译介 [J], 王惠萍;
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嘉莉妹妹句子赏析1. 嘉莉妹妹精彩文段我以前也曾经看过德莱塞的《嘉莉妹妹》。
这是我以前的读书笔记，现摘录如下：我认为《嘉莉妹妹》在更多意义上，似乎是一种复古。
在某些方面，德莱塞的陈述与比他晚一些的劳伦斯一样，虽然已到达20世纪，依然在用某种古老的方式讲述故事，并不屈不挠的以战斗姿态与其反对的一切--社会、庸俗的习俗、制度的弊病--做着斗争。
在此之前，我还读过他的代表作《美国的悲剧》，浮光掠影，未经细究。
印象随着时间而流失殆尽。
但读德莱塞的《嘉莉妹妹》其句式给人的强烈冲击，使我构成了对德莱塞作品的第一印象：“一个十八岁的姑娘离开家庭，有两种遭遇，必得其一。
或者是，有好人相助而好起来，或者是，很快的染上了大都市的恶习而堕落下去。
在这样的环境里，不好不坏，是不可能的。
大都市里到处是狡诈，奸谋，还有更其细致，但是更其投合人情的诱惑。
……” 这种陈述给人的印象，使我想起曾经有人说过的话：“巴尔扎克最大的秘密，在于句式+概括+洞察力。
”我于是感觉到，德莱塞的小说，是在巴尔扎克巨大阴影之下的潜行。
随后的阅读证实了我的某些猜想，但是推翻了德莱塞作品的某些认识。
在继续《人间喜剧》式的铺陈间隙，在对话和叙述方面，显示了很多其他的东西。
与巴尔扎克全知全能的、俯瞰众生的方式不同，德莱塞的角度更平一些。
不错，他偶尔也会陡然拔高自己，让自己作为故事的创造者、编制者，命运的推演者一样，展示他高瞻远瞩的--对于情节而言--预见能力和愤慨的批判，但是大多数时候，他在全神贯注的讲一个故事，并试图将之讲得尽善尽美又合情合理。
对于细节的重视使我开始喜欢上他的陈述。
虽然那种重视带着浓郁的书生气。
我记得海明威曾经公开宣称自己喜欢福楼拜的简洁，厌恶康拉德和德莱塞式的史诗铺陈。
确实如此。
铺陈的极致，伟大的雨果，其早期具有喷薄般激情的史诗到后期呈现出某些使文本失去观赏性的反复道德说教。
德莱塞呈现了一个保守者的特质，带有十九世纪的影子，于是这种对旧有文体的欣赏构成了他的趣味。
《嘉莉妹妹》人物对比作者：孙千惠来源：《文教资料》2017年第01期摘要：《嘉莉妹妹》是美国近代著名作家西奥多·德莱塞创作的第一部长篇小说，其在美国文学史上意义深远。
小说主人公嘉莉妹妹的描写反映了作者写作的多重视角，同时人物性格和命运的研究也具有历史价值和现实意义。
关键词：德莱塞新女性消费主义自然主义美国梦德莱塞（Dreiser）是美国自然主义文学作家的代表，被列为一战后美国仅有的三大小说家之一[1]。
他一生创作了多部各类型文学作品，为当时美国文坛解放和发展指引了新方向。
《嘉莉妹妹》（Sister Carrie）是德莱塞的第一部长篇小说，备受国内外读者的关注。
1.文献回顾国外最初重点研究德莱塞的社会背景和生活经历。
Robert H.Elias认为德莱塞童年和青年生活对其小说中表达的价值观念有重要的影响[2]。
随后学者利用各种研究手法解读文本，如Leonard Cassuto根据拉康的心理学理论分析小说[3]。
一些作家传记和相关批评著作也成为新研究成果，如Lingeman出版的《西奥多·德莱塞：美国的旅行》[4]。
《嘉莉妹妹》中文译本出版后，我国大多数学者比较认可其地位和价值，起初研究集中在作品介绍和小说主题上。
20世纪后学者主要从消费文化、美国梦、女性主义等角度揭露梦想破灭的现实，如王玉莲[5]、李彤[6]，或从道德伦理角度展现小说中伦理现象并对比价值取向，如黄开红[7]。
到目前为止国内学者对德莱塞和该小说的研究论文总量较多，但文献评述不超过10篇，比较知名的是学者蒋道超的关于德莱塞的研究述评[8]，同时对比分析类文章也相对较少，可见国内研究视角相对局限，缺乏创新和研究深度。
本文将通过嘉莉妹妹与其他典型人物对比，从多视角分析人物性格和命运成因。
2.人物对比——再现多重写作视角这部小说内容丰富，主要围绕嘉莉妹妹、杜洛埃、赫斯渥等人物关系和命运展开，本文将重点通过女主人公与其他人物对比分析，挖掘人物性格命运，揭示德莱塞写作的多重视角，展现其思想内涵。
A BRIEF ANALYSIS OF SISITER CARRIE《嘉莉妹妹》解读June, 2007Xiaogan UniversityAbstractSister Carrie tells the story of a small country girl Carrie who moves to Chicago to realize her “American Dream”and eventually becomes a Broadway star in New York. Despite living a luxurious life, she is lost in sprit. Reading the novel, we may easily notice Carrie’different needs and desires arising gradually and also the betrayal of traditional moral code in the process of pursuing material gain. The paper analyzes the reasons why Carrie has various needs at different stages of life, mainly based on Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. One is Carrie’s inner desires; the other is the outside force, including temptations of environment, cities, etc. The interaction between them makes Carrie lose herself eventually. It seems to tell people that in modern society material supplies more and more abundantly, but we should never pursue it blindly and much importance should be attached to happiness and stability created by spirit. It is essential to ponder the significance and the value of life.Key words: Sister Carrie; desire; lost; hierarchy of needs从马斯洛层次需要理论重新解读《嘉莉妹妹》摘要《嘉莉妹妹》讲述一位农村女孩嘉莉不甘贫穷来到芝加哥实现自己的“美国梦”，最终成为纽约百老汇一位著名的演员，享受奢华的物质却陷入精神迷失的故事。
LITERATURE REVIEW—AN ANALYSIS OF DREISER’S SISTER CARRIE《嘉莉妹妹》文学评论An 18-year-old girl without money or connections ventures forth from her small town in search of a better life in Theodore Dreiser's revolutionary first novel. The chronicle of Carrie Meeber's rise from obscurity to fame--and the effects of her progress on the men who use her and are used in turn--aroused a storm of controversy and debate upon its debut in 1900. The author's nonjudgmental portrait of a heroine who violates the contemporary moral code outraged some critics. A century later, Dreiser's characters continue to fascinate readers. The protagonist Carrie is still a controversial character. Many critics regard Carrie as a “fallen woman”, and there are also some critics regard her a s a “new woman”.Many people hold such an opinion that Sister Carrie is a tragedy, in which carrie is described as an immoral woman and she had an empty life though she succeeded as a famous player at the end of the novel. They conclude that “it is impossible to possess true happiness in a money-oriented capitalism society.”①(Li qi-shan 45).Jiang yu-qin says that “the city changed Carrie,a once innocent country girl into a seemingly successful empty life.”②(Jiang yu-qin 135)In her abstract she points out that Carrie represents the women who “experience desiring,chasing,struggling,falling and disillusioning.” Carrie was successful eventually from material aspect, but still unhappy spiritually.We can find such a paragraph in Peng dan-kui’s “Theodore and his Sister Carrie ”, “She(Carrie) has two persons to help her,but instead of getting better, she goes from bad to worse. Actually there is no one who can be the saviour for Carrie in the society. And she comes to realize it is impossible to be a success by working hard honestly…….Carrie is just one of the many victims of the city’s influence and of the capitalist society.”③(Peng dan-kui 75)From this passage, we can conclude that Mr. Peng takes Carrie as a traditional woman victim in a corrupted society. In other words, he denies that Carrie has her own motivates as an independent person.There are also many critics about the character carrie abroad.For example, in Sister Carrie and the Hidden Longing for Love: Sublimation or Subterfuge?Leon F. Seltzer says, “The thesis of this study is Carrie’s longing is shown by Dreiser(though never clearly understood by him )to be a longling for love and emotional relatedness. Such a longing, however, can never know fulfillment because, on one level, carrie is depicted as deficient in the capacity to love and, on far more essential level, her creator ( a man at once sterile and promiscuous, who….)was incapable of appreciating either the nature orpossibiities of human intimacy.”④(Leon F. Seltzer 192)We notice that seltzer descried carrie as a woman without the capability of love. Here he also attacked dreiser.From so many critics, we can see there are really many people they don’t appreciate Carrie. They think she is degenerate, immoral,cold-blooded, and without a lofty soul.But like everything has two sides, lots of other people have different viewpoints. They don’t take carrie so simply, so traditionally. They argue that carrie, from some aspects, stands for “new woman”, which we can see in Wu hong-yun’s Sister Carrie under the unconventional discourse of feminism. First she declares that “Carrie is not a victim ” of the captilist world, on the contrary, she is a victor, be cause “she (Carrie) proves her ability and realizes her value through her own efforts in the capitalist fatherhood society.”⑤(Wu hong-yun 36) Then Mrs. Wu put forward the idea “Carrie is not a immoral woman”, and she admires Carrie highly with the words like “spirit independently”, “rational and witty”, “hard working”, “a new woman” from the feminist angle. She even justifies Carrie’s desire for material gains. She insists that carrie shows a quality of “modern females”.It’s not superisingly that we can find almost the same words in Wang gang-hua’s article. He even puts Carrie to a new higher level. Here is a paragraph from his Carrie’s desires and motives : “in short, carrie shaped her own perfect image through the reflection in mirror , the discernment and the confirmation of the surrounding people. This kind of self-shaping cultivated carrie’s own consciousness, that is, she regards herself as an independent subject, and keeps an independent position in social activities. Thereafter, carrie gradully stepped into being active from passive.”⑥(Wang gang-hua 92) If we surf on the internet, we can find lots of critics about Sister Carrie. Clare Virginia Eby says in his Cultural and Historical Contexts for Sister Carrie, “Dreiser's evolutionary treatment of ethics in Sister Carrie ultimately verges toward the revolutionary, in that he tries to get readers to suspend judgment on actions that would typically be condemned as immoral, such as Carrie's premarital sex and Hurstwood's theft….. Dreiser discourages readers from viewing Carrie as immoral, instead drawing attention to the obsolescence of traditional moral standards. The ending of the novel is especially significant in this regard, for Dreiser breaks with long-standing literary tradition that "fallen women" must be fully punished, preferably by a grisly death. Carrie, to the contrary, may be unfulfilled or lonely at the novel's end, but she is very much alive and eminently successful in the eyes of the world.”⑦He added, “Carrie is not simply rebelling against her husband(Hurtswood) but more significantly against the role that women were traditionally supposed to follow. As historian Barbara Welter describes the nineteenth century ideal for the white middle class, the "True Woman" was expected to be pious, pure, domestic, and submissive. However a competing model for femininity emerged in the U.S. around the 1880s. The "New Woman" typically had a career and was economically independent. Frequently New Women aligned themselves with members of their own sex rather than in conventional marriages. Carrie follows this pattern …… Yet the typical New Woman was be tter educated and frequently more politically inclined than Carrie, and so we might best thinkof Dreiser's heroine as a transitional figure, moving from the Victorian model of True Woman toward the recognizably modern New Woman.”⑧From these two paragraphs, we can know clearly about Eby’s understanding of Carrie.Too many critics about Carrie exist from 1900 when dreiser finished the novel till now, and I can’t cite them one by one. Here I just classified them into two groups. From the totally different views, we can see that different people does hold different opinions. To me, I also have my own understanding of Carrie.First, I really can’t agree Carrie is a “fallen woman”.Those who criticized that she is greedy for material gains and she loses her sense of morality when she pursues her desire, to me, they failed to understand the novel deeply and they failed to treat carrie equally as well. It’s quite true that carrie had sexual relations with two men, which maybe the most unbearable thing for those who said Carrie is “immoral”, but when we read the novel, actually we can say that Carrie’s intention was to have a good husband.First she met Drouet who attracted her with his beautiful clothes and fine manners which represented he belongs to a high class. That is very nature, as I say. Carrie came from a poor peasant family and she wanted to search a better life in Chigago. When she met such a young man who was “ an experienced traveller, a brisk man of the world”⑨(Dreiser 9) and was so courteous to her. “It disposed her pleasantly toward all he might do.”⑩(10)After Carrie arrived the Hanson’s, she found things disappointing. She did efforts to search a job, but she failed at last. Drived by the desire for survival, she eventually accepted drouet. Here we should notice that though the main reason Carrie accepted Drouet is he had the money to support her, but on the other hand, Carrie did have some good feelings on him. Besides, Drouet promised to marry her. So at the beginning, the story went like lots of other love stories. Poor young beautiful girl comes to a big city and wants a “better life”, then she meets a rich man who makes she believe that they love each other, inevitably she wishes a wedding with the man. That happens a lot now. but in the fact, the man didn’t have a plan to marry her.And later, Carrie found another man who seemed worth her love. Hurtswood stands for a calss higher than Drouet’s. He was more attractive and he knew women’s heart better. Carrie once hesitated, but Drouet really couldn’t touch her heart any longer. Drouet himself was not a guy who really wanted to get married. So Carrie didn’t resist when Hurstwood lied to her and brought her to New York. That happened on a base that Carrie thought Hurstwood would marry her and gave her a happy life. That’s human’s instinct. Carrie’s instinct is to survive and to live better. That’s all. She didn’t have any intrigues like Mrs.Hurstwood. We still can say she is pure. She was just drived by the circumstances. So sexual relations with two men didn’t make carrie a “fallen woman”.Secondly, I do n’t agree completely that Carrie is a “new woman”.When Carrie met the living crisis in New York, at the beginning, she still believed that Hurstwood could made all things right. But later, she found Hurstwood was fallingrapidly. She tried to encourage Hurstwood to find a job to support the family, but he failed. He couldn’t find his place in the bigger city New York at all. But Carrie didn’t want to wait and die. She got a job in a theatre,not so easily, then she left him. Here we can often see many critics said carrie is “stone-hearted”. To me, Carrie’s behavior may be a bit cruel, but still can be forgave. Think what an enviroment she lives in! she needs to live! I also explain her action as a result of her instinct.Next, Carrie made herself successful on the stage by a small chance. She got money and fame gradually. But these can’t make her a “new woman”, because her success has much contingency. Her self-consciousness hadn’t be aroused untill she met Ames, a young engineer. His influence causes Carrie to become disillusioned with her success as an actress in comedy and makes her desire to perform more dramatic works. He introduced some writers to Carrie, and also gave some astonishing views about the surrounding people, which made Carrie think he was a special man. From that, Carrie started to think about lots of other things deeply. I say, Carrie at this moment is still not a“new woman”. She doesn’t has her own understanding of the world. She still can’t think and action as an independent woman.To sum up, I don’t think Carrie is “immoral”. When she is drived by her instinct to find a way to live, she has nothing to blame for. As Jerome Loving said, “For him(dreiser), man-all of humankind—was still halfway between animal instinct and ideal of human morality,and so alack of morality was to be expected.”⑾(Jerome Loving 92 The last titan:a life of theodore dreiser)To some extent, I agree with Eby’s opinion that Carrie is “a transitional figure, moving from the Victorian model of True Woman toward therecognizably modern New Woman”.Notes:⑦⑧Clare Virginia Eby:// /collections/rbm/dreiser/scculhist.htmlBibliography:(1)李其珊.《嘉莉妹妹》中的对比和象征艺术[J]玉林师范学院学报（哲学社会科学）2004(2)姜玉琴. 城市:一个承载事业、绞杀灵魂的谬体-从德莱塞的《嘉丽妹妹》到尤凤伟的《泥鳅》[J]外国文学研究2004(3)彭丹逵. 德莱塞和他的《嘉莉妹妹》[J]嘉兴大学学报1995(4)Leon F. Seltzer. Sister Carrie and the Hidden Longing for Love: Sublimation orSubterfuge?--- Twentieth Century Literature, V ol. 22, No. 2 (May, 1976) , pp. 192-209(5)王刚华. 嘉莉妹妹的欲望和驱动力[J]外国文学研究2002(6)Clare Virginia Eby .Cultural and Historical Contexts for Sister Carrie:// /collections/rbm/dreiser/scculhist.html(7)Dreiser,Theodore. Sister Carrie. Pennsylvania:University of Pennsylvania Press 1981(8)Loving,Jerome. The last titan:a life of theodore dreiser.California :University of California Press 1997(9)Pizer ,Donald. New Essays on Sister Carrie. New York:Cambridge University Press1991(10)Yoshinobu, Hakutani . Sister Carrie and the Problem of Literary NaturalismTwentieth Century Literature, V ol. 13, No. 1 (Apr., 1967) , pp. 3-17绝密文件，核心资料，拒绝盗版支持正版，从我做起，一切是在为了方便大家！。
迷失在欲望中———《嘉莉妹妹》中的欲望解析摘要: 《嘉莉妹妹》是德莱塞的杰出代表作之一, 作品深刻地反映了当时的美国现实。
嘉莉对物的欲望, 赫斯特伍德对权力的欲望, 杜洛埃对性的欲望, 三位主公全都迷失在欲望中。
关键词: 德莱赛; 嘉莉; 欲望; 迷失西奥多·德莱塞( Theodore Herman AlberDreiser, 187118127—1945112128) 是20 世纪美国著名的现实主义作家。
他的小说形象生动地刻画了19世纪末, 20世纪初资本主义迅速发展中的美国现实社会。
在美国文学史上他第一次广泛真实地描写了美国多阶层的社会生活, 为美国现实主义文学开辟了新领域。
《嘉莉妹妹》是德莱塞第一部长名作, 揭露了当时的社会现实, 展现了在物欲横流的资本主义社会里, 人们迷失在自己的欲望中,展现了美国生活中没有上帝的一面”。
故事讲述的是嘉罗琳·米蓓(嘉莉妹妹) , 一个俊俏的农村姑娘, 她羡慕大都市的物质生活来到了芝加哥谋生。
严酷的现实破碎了她的美梦, 迎接她的是失业和疾病。
在走投无路时, 她做了推销员杜洛埃的情妇, 后来由于更大的欲望又做了酒店经理赫斯特伍德的情妇。
与赫斯特伍德私奔后, 在纽约由于偶然的机会她成了走红一时的演员, 挤上了上流社会,实现了她的梦想。
并抛弃了逐渐贫困的赫斯特伍德, 以不自觉的残忍将他推上了绝望之路。
然而,所谓的“上流社会生活”又给她带来了什么呢?她感到空虚, 找不到真正生活的意义, 在寂寞和凄凉中, 她坐在摇椅里梦想着那终不可得的幸福。
一、嘉莉的欲望———对物的欲望在小说中, 嘉莉的欲望是作者着重刻画的。
嘉莉本身就是一个充满欲望的人, 充满对物和金钱的欲望, 这一部分源于她的本性, “小时候, 她梦过童话里的宫殿和各种豪华气派的地方”。
嘉莉从哥伦比亚城来到芝加哥那一刻起就开始了对金钱的追求, 嘉莉在火车上看到杜洛埃的时髦打扮便意识到自己穿着寒酸, “突然间觉得自己像是穿了一身破烂儿。
《嘉莉妹妹赏析》1.德莱赛和主人公嘉莉1.1 德莱赛德莱赛出生于美国印度安娜州的特雷霍特。
青少年时期生活贫困，中学之后便自谋生计，他做过刷碗工，洗衣工，检票员，记者这些工作形象都可在他日后的作品中找到原型。
一位美国作家曾在获得诺贝尔文学奖的时候说：如果你们把奖授予给德莱赛，你们将听到美国人民歇斯底里的呻吟声，在德莱赛的世界里，男人和女人不再充满活力，不再有欢歌笑语，不再有道德贞操。
他们是充满罪恶的，令人绝望的，也必然是悲剧的。
德莱赛是美国著名的现实主义作家，在嘉莉妹妹这部作品中，作者娴熟地运用自然主义的创作手法，使作品具有极强的社会表现力。
因此，这本书受到了人们的广泛关注。
我国著名作家瞿秋白高度赞扬他是描述美国生活的伟大作家。
1.2 主人公嘉莉生活状况的改变故事发生在19世纪80年代末90年代初，女主角嘉莉出生在芝加哥附近的一个农村，她的家庭环境及其困窘。
当嘉莉登上开往芝加哥的火车时，她的全部行囊包括一个小箱子，一个廉价的仿鳄鱼皮挎包，一个黄色钱包，里面装着火车票和一张破旧的写着姐姐地址的纸条，还有四块钱。
她的第一份工作每周的工资只有4.5美元，而且还要支付食宿费给姐姐。
后来，当他成为百老汇著名女演员的时候，他每周的工资是150美元，这在当时可是一大笔钱呀。
出名后的嘉莉有了车马，有了豪宅，她得到了她所梦想的一切物质需要。
1.3 嘉莉的性格农村的生活环境造就了主人公嘉莉朴素天真无邪而且性格内向的女孩，这一点从她在火车上的表现就可以看出来，当她在火车上时，她不知道如何与人陌生人沟通，但她的魅美丽有吸引着车上很多异性的目光，当杜洛埃为她介绍窗外的风景的时候，她胆怯的回答着。
她的纯洁让杜洛埃感到她的青春与朝气…感到神清气爽，好像在烈日炎炎的夏季突然吹过一阵清凉的春风。
到了小说的最后，我们又看到了嘉莉善良的一面，碰到赫斯渥看到他悲惨的现状时，她感到很内疚，并且拿出了她钱包里所有钱给了她曾经的情人。
另一方面，嘉莉也是一个充满幻想与欲望的女孩，她虽然单纯美好却也虚荣造作，她对美好物质生活的强烈向往，使她不甘心于呆在贫穷，狭窄的山村，所以她选择来到芝加哥寻找她的美国梦。
功能翻译理论下《嘉莉妹妹》译本的对比分析作者：陈丽竹来源：《语文建设·下半月》2012年第03期摘要：德莱赛是美国著名的现实主义小说家，作品《嘉莉妹妹》对于美国资本主义制度和残酷性进行了无情的抨击和揭露，表达了对生活在社会底层的劳动人民深深的同情。
功能翻译理论最开始关注的是“对等”的翻译研究，在发展过程中逐渐将行为理论和翻译过程相结合，开始形成了“翻译目的论”，此理论主要是对翻译过程中的主要参与者、原著、译者和译本进行研究。
本文将在功能翻译理论中的目的论指导下对小说《嘉莉妹妹》的译本进行分析。
关键词：功能翻译理论《嘉莉妹妹》目的论语言风格一、有关功能语言学的总体概述功能翻译学派源于二十世纪七八十年代，当时是“对等理论”最为盛行的时期，持对等理论的学者比较侧重原文，将翻译理论引进到了语言学研究的范围中来。
这个时候德国的功能派独树一帜，从译文的功能和交际的视角来对翻译理论重新进行阐释。
莱思是德国功能翻译学派的创始人，在其著作《翻译批评的可能性与限制》（1971）中将“文本功能”作为了翻译批评的一个新标准，即从源语语篇与目的语语篇两者功能之间的关系来对译文进行评价。
莱思的理想翻译就是“目的语语篇和源语语篇在思想内容，语言形式以及交际功能等方面实现对等。
”弗米尔（莱思的学生）在自己老师翻译理论的基础上进一步发展提出了“目的论”。
目的论是功能学派中最为重要的理论之一，其核心概念就是：翻译行为的目的在很大程度上决定了翻译过程中所涉及到的重要因素，即译文的预期效果和目的决定了在翻译过程中所使用的方法和手段，清楚译文的目的和译文的最终效果对于译者来说是非常重要的。
在莱思和弗米尔共同合作出版的《翻译理论基础》一书中，除了提出译文的“目的论”之外还有两个重要的法则，那就是“连贯性法则”和“忠信法则”，“连贯性法则”表明译文必须要符合语内连贯，也就是译文要符合译文接受者的文化习惯，并且要有意义，而“忠信法则”是指原文和译文必须是连贯一致的，连贯性法则和忠信法则构成了目的论的核心。
