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国际体力活动问卷中文版1.引言1.1 概述概述部分的内容：引言中的概述部分旨在向读者介绍国际体力活动问卷的背景、设计原则以及其在社会中的重要性和应用前景。
体力活动问卷作为一种测量人们身体活动水平的工具，在健康管理、疾病预防和促进健康发展方面扮演着重要的角色。
本文将详细探讨国际体力活动问卷的背景和设计原则，并分析其在不同领域的应用前景。
首先，我们将介绍国际体力活动问卷的背景。
随着现代化的快速发展和生活方式的改变，人们的体力活动水平逐渐下降，导致了许多健康问题的出现，如肥胖、心脑血管疾病等。
因此，为了全面了解和评估人们的体力活动水平，国际学术界和健康组织开始关注并研究体力活动问卷，以便收集相关数据和信息，从而提供科学依据和指导。
其次，我们将介绍国际体力活动问卷的设计原则。
国际体力活动问卷的设计原则主要包括客观性、可靠性、有效性和实用性等方面。
通过客观性，问卷能够准确反映人们的体力活动水平，从而避免了主观因素对结果的影响。
可靠性保证了问卷的稳定性和一致性，以确保在不同时间和环境下的测量结果具有可比性。
有效性则保证了问卷对体力活动水平的准确评估，能够发现并量化不同强度和类型的体力活动。
实用性则考虑了问卷的易用性和操作性，以及其对受访者的负担和时间成本的影响。
最后，在结论部分，我们将讨论国际体力活动问卷的重要性和应用前景。
在健康管理方面，国际体力活动问卷可以帮助个人和组织了解和评估其体力活动水平，从而采取相应的措施来改善和维护健康。
在疾病预防方面，问卷可以通过监测人们的体力活动水平，提早发现与缺乏活动有关的健康问题，并及时干预和预防。
在促进健康发展方面，问卷可以为学校、社区和各级政府提供数据支持，为制定和实施相关政策和项目提供科学指导。
综上所述，国际体力活动问卷在现代社会中具有重要的意义。
它不仅为个人提供了了解和改善体力活动水平的工具，也为社会组织和决策者提供了科学依据和指导。
在不断深入研究和应用的基础上，国际体力活动问卷将有望在健康管理、疾病预防和促进健康发展等领域发挥更大的作用。
IPAQ短问卷1、最近7天内，您有几天做了剧烈的体育活动，像是提重物、挖掘、有氧运动或是快速骑车？每周天□无相关体育活动→跳到问题32、在这其中一天您通常会花多少时间在剧烈的体育活动上？每天小时分钟□不知道或不确定3、最近7天内，您有几天做了适度的体育活动，像是提轻的物品、以平常的速度骑车或打分。
短卷仅简单地分步行、中等强度和高强度询问不同强度活动的1周频率和每天累计时间IPAQ 短卷中步行的MET赋值为3.3，中等强度活动的赋值为4.0，高强度活动的赋值为8.0。
1. 数据清理和异常值剔除原则：首先，各项活动的每天累计时间均需转化为分钟。
任何活动频率或时间数据有缺失者不纳入分析。
假定每人每天至少有8h睡眠时间，如果个体报告的全部11项体力活动（长卷）或3种强度的体力活动（短卷）的每天累计时间总和超过960min（16h），则此人不纳入分析。
假定每次至少连续10min的体力活动才能获得健康收益，如果个体报告的某项（长卷）或某个强度（短卷）的体力活动每天累计时间不足10min，则将该时间和对应的每周频率重新编码为“0”。
2. 数据截断原则：在短卷中，如果某种强度体力活动的每天时间超过3h，则重新编码为180min。
该原则允许每种强度的体力活动每周最多报告21h （1260min）。
这种处理可以有效地避免将部分个体错分到“高”组（表2）。
例如，某人报告在过去的7d 内，6d有步行活动，每天10min；另有1d参加了中等强度的体力活动，累计12h。
如果不做任何截断处理，按照表2的分组标准，该个体会被划分为“高” 体力活动水平。
但是，与规律的高体力活动水平相比，这种偶尔的、单次较大剂量的活动不会产生相同的健康收益。
对于IPAQ长卷，IPAQ工作组建议遵从短卷的原则对异常高值进行截断处理。
然而，长卷是按照体力活动项目询问频率和时间，且后续数据分析仍需按照体力活动项目进行；每种强度的体力活动按180min截断，具体如何分配到每个活动项目上，IPAQ工作组并未给出明确说明，仅建议根据具体研究180min截断处理；时间重新编码为1260min3. 计算体力活动水平：，报告人群体力活动水平的M体力活动对应的MET赋值×力活动水平。
IPAQ短问卷1、最近7天内，您有几天做了剧烈的体育活动，像是提重物、挖掘、有氧运动或是快速骑车？每周天□无相关体育活动→跳到问题32、在这其中一天您通常会花多少时间在剧烈的体育活动上？每天小时分钟□不知道或不确定3、最近7天内，您有几天做了适度的体育活动，像是提轻的物品、以平常的速度骑车或打双人网球？请不要包括走路。
每周天□无适度体育活动→跳到问题54、在这其中一天您通常会花多少时间在适度的体育活动上？每天小时分钟□不知道或不确定5、最近7天内，您有几天是步行，且一次步行至少10分钟？每周天□没有步行→跳到问题76、在这其中一天您通常花多少时间在步行上？每天小时分钟□不知道或不确定7、最近七天内，工作日您有多久时间是坐着的？每天小时分钟□不知道或不确定IPAQ短卷共 7道问题，其中6道询问个体的体力活动情况。
问题结构与长卷相同，仅保留活动强度的部分。
短卷仅简单地分步行、中等强度和高强度询问不同强度活动的1周频率和每天累计时间IPAQ 短卷中步行的MET赋值为3.3，中等强度活动的赋值为4.0，高强度活动的赋值为8.0。
1. 数据清理和异常值剔除原则：首先，各项活动的每天累计时间均需转化为分钟。
任何活动频率或时间数据有缺失者不纳入分析。
假定每人每天至少有8h睡眠时间，如果个体报告的全部11项体力活动（长卷）或3种强度的体力活动（短卷）的每天累计时间总和超过960min（16h），则此人不纳入分析。
假定每次至少连续10min的体力活动才能获得健康收益，如果个体报告的某项（长卷）或某个强度（短卷）的体力活动每天累计时间不足10min，则将该时间和对应的每周频率重新编码为“0”。
2. 数据截断原则：在短卷中，如果某种强度体力活动的每天时间超过3h，则重新编码为180min。
该原则允许每种强度的体力活动每周最多报告21h （1260min）。
这种处理可以有效地避免将部分个体错分到“高”组（表 2）。
例如，某人报告在过去的7d 内，6d有步行活动，每天10min；另有1d参加了中等强度的体力活动，累计12h。
青少年体力活动问卷（PAQ—A）中文版区域适用性的影响因素分析作者：曹坤鹏银小芹杨冠强李宝国来源：《当代体育科技》2018年第02期摘要：问卷调查是评估大样本的青少年体力活动状况的最常见、最经济的研究方法之一。
本文在介绍青少年体力活动问卷（PAQ-A）来源的基础上，探讨了经济发展水平、社会文化背景、政府政策导向、自然地理环境、生活学习习惯等因素对该问卷国内普适性的影响，并提出了相应的修订建议，旨在为准确评价某地区青少年体力活动水平提供工具性参考依据。
关键词：（PAQ-A）中文版区域适用性影响因素中图分类号：G806 文献标识码：A 文章编号：2095-2813（2018）01（b）-0241-03Abstract：The questionnaire survey is one of the most common and economical research methods to evaluate the physical activity of adolescents with large samples. This article introduces the source of adolescent physical activity questionnaire （PAQ - A）， on the basis of discusses the level of economic development， social and cultural background， the government policy guidance， the natural geographical environment， the study habits of life， the influence of such factors on the domestic general questionnaire and proposes the corresponding revision suggestions， aimed at adolescent physical activity levels for accurate evaluation of a certain areas to provide the instrumental reference basis.Key Words：（PAQ-A） Chinese version； Regional applicability； The Factors of affecting青少年的体力活动对其生长发育和身心健康有着重要的积极影响[1]，准确测量体力活动及静态行为水平，对于了解青少年体力活动流行情况、明确体力活动与健康指标之间的量效关系，乃至准确评估体力活动干预方案的效果等均有重要作用。
国际体力活动量表格I P A Q原版集团标准化办公室：[VV986T-J682P28-JP266L8-68PNN]国际体力活动量表IPAQ长问卷请回顾一下过去7天您的体力情况，包括日常工作、日常生活、日常交通、运动锻炼以及休闲运动的情况。
请考虑一下过去7天内您所从事的体力活动的情况（重体力活动是指那些让您的呼吸心跳明显加快的活动，中度体力活动是指那些让您呼吸心跳略微加快的活动。
）第一部分：日常工作1、您目前是否外出工作？□是□否→跳至第二部分：日常交通2、在过去7天内，您在工作中有几天参加了重体力活动（如搬运重物、挖掘、爬楼梯等）且持续时间超过十分钟（注意不包括工作以外的活动）天╱周□无工作相关重体力活动→跳至问题43、在工作中每天花多长时间进行重体力活动？小时╱天分钟╱天4、在过去7天内，您在工作中有几天参加了中度体力活动（如提拎小型物品等），且持续时间超过10分钟（注意不包括工作以外的活动）天╱周□无工作相关中体力活动→跳至问题65、在工作中每天花多长时间进行中体力活动？小时╱天分钟╱天6、在过去7天内，您有几天工作中步行时间持续超过10分钟（注意不包括上下班路上的步行时间）天╱周□无工作相关的步行→跳至第二部分：日常交通7、在工作中每天花多长时间步行？小时╱天分钟╱天第二部分：日常交通8、在过去7天内，您有几天乘车外出？天╱周□未乘车外出→跳至问题109、每天乘车花多长时间？小时╱天分钟╱天10、在过去7天内，您有几天骑自行车外出，且持续时间超过10分钟？天╱周□未骑自行车外出→跳至问题1211、每天骑自行车花多长时间？小时╱天分钟╱天12、在过去7天内，您有几天步行外出，且持续时间超过10分钟？天╱周□未步行外出→跳至第三部分13、每天步行花多长时间？小时╱天分钟╱天第三部分：日常生活本部分涉及您工作之余所进行的家务劳动及日常生活，如清洁卫生、整理房间、做饭洗衣、照顾婴幼儿等。
14、在过去7天内，您有几天参与了重体力家务劳动（如搬运重物、砍柴、扫雪、拖地板等），且持续时间超过10分钟？天╱周□无工作之余的重体力劳动→跳至问题1615、每天花多长时间进行重体力家务劳动？小时╱天分钟╱天16、在过去7天内，您有几天参与了中度体力家务劳动（如提拎小型物品、扫地、擦窗户、整理房间，做饭、洗衣服等），且持续时间超过10分钟？天╱周□无工作之余的中度体力劳动→跳至第四部分：运动锻炼与休闲娱乐17、每天花多长时间进行中度体力家务劳动？小时╱天分钟╱天第四部分：运动锻炼与休闲娱乐18、在过去7天内，您有几天外出散步，且持续时间超过10分钟（不包括您已描述过的步行时间）天╱周□未外出散步→跳至问题2019、每天花在散步中的时间是多少？小时╱天分钟╱天20、在过去7天内，您有几天参加了重体力活动的体育锻炼（如有氧健身、跑步、快速骑车、游泳，及足球篮球类活动等），且持续时间超过10分钟（不包括您已描述过的步行时间）天╱周□无重体力活动体育锻炼→跳至问题2221、每天花多长时间是进行重体力活动体育锻炼？小时╱天分钟╱天22、在过去7天内，您有几天参加了中度体力活动的体育锻炼（如快速行走、跳交谊舞、打保龄球、乒乓球、羽毛球等），且持续时间超过10分钟？天╱周□无中度体力活动体育锻炼→跳至第五部分：静坐时间23、每天花多长时间是进行中度体力活动体育锻炼？小时╱天分钟╱天第五部分：静坐时间本部分问题是关于过去七天您花在坐姿状态中的时间，包括工作中及生活中，如伏案工作、坐姿闲聊、读书看报或看电视上网打电脑游戏等。
国际体力活动量表IPAQ中文版短卷及评分标准IPAQ短问卷1、最近7天内，您有几天做了剧烈的体育活动，像是提重物、挖掘、有氧运动或是快速骑车？每周天□无相关体育活动→跳到问题32、在这其中一天您通常会花多少时间在剧烈的体育活动上？每天小时分钟□不知道或不确定3、最近7天内，您有几天做了适度的体育活动，像是提轻的物品、以平常的速度骑车或打双人网球？请不要包括走路。
每周天□无适度体育活动→跳到问题54、在这其中一天您通常会花多少时间在适度的体育活动上？每天小时分钟□不知道或不确定析。
假定每次至少连续10min的体力活动才能获得健康收益，如果个体报告的某项（长卷）或某个强度（短卷）的体力活动每天累计时间不足10min，则将该时间和对应的每周频率重新编码为“0”。
2. 数据截断原则：在短卷中，如果某种强度体力活动的每天时间超过3h，则重新编码为180min。
该原则允许每种强度的体力活动每周最多报告21h （1260min）。
这种处理可以有效地避免将部分个体错分到“高”组（表2）。
例如，某人报告在过去的7d 内，6d有步行活动，每天10min；另有1d参加了中等强度的体力活动，累计12h。
如果不做任何截断处理，按照表2的分组标准，该个体会被划分为“高” 体力活动水平。
但是，与规律的高体力活动水平相比，这种偶尔的、单次较大剂量的活动不会产生相同的健康收益。
对于IPAQ长卷，IPAQ工作组建议遵从短卷的原则对异常高值进行截断处理。
然而，长卷是按照体力活动项目询问频率和时间，且后续数据分析仍需按照体力活动项目进行；每种强度的体力活动按180min截断，具体如何分配到每个活动项目上，IPAQ工作组并未给出明确说明，仅建议根据具体研究目的自行确定、在论文中报告处理办法即可。
以下处理办法可供参考选择。
首先，如果个体报告的任何一项活动的每天时间超过180min，则按180min截断处理（第一次截断）。
在此基础上，计算每项活动的每周累计时间（1周频率乘以每天时间）；将相同强度的各项活动的每周累计时间相加，如果超过21h（1260min），则将该强度活动的每周累计时间重新编码为1260min（第二次截断）。
尊敬的参与者：您好！为了解我国民众的体力活动体验情况，提高全民健康水平，我们特开展此次调查。
本问卷采用匿名方式，所有数据仅用于统计分析，请您放心填写。
本问卷预计耗时约5-10分钟，感谢您的参与与支持！一、基本信息1. 您的性别：（1）男（2）女2. 您的年龄：（1）18岁以下（2）18-30岁（3）31-45岁（4）46-60岁（5）60岁以上3. 您的居住地：（1）城市（2）农村二、体力活动频率与时长4. 您每周参与体力活动的频率是：（1）每天（2）每周3-4次（3）每周2次（4）每周1次（5）几乎不参与5. 您每次参与体力活动的时间大约是：（1）30分钟以下（2）30-60分钟（3）1-2小时（4）2小时以上三、体力活动类型6. 您参与以下哪种类型的体力活动？（1）有氧运动（如跑步、游泳、骑自行车等）（2）力量训练（如举重、俯卧撑、仰卧起坐等）（3）伸展运动（如瑜伽、普拉提等）（4）球类运动（如篮球、足球、羽毛球等）（5）其他（请说明：_________）7. 您参与以下哪种类型的体力活动频率较高？（1）有氧运动（2）力量训练（3）伸展运动（4）球类运动（5）其他（请说明：_________）四、体力活动环境8. 您通常在以下哪种环境中进行体力活动？（1）户外（如公园、广场、小区等）（2）室内（如健身房、家中等）（3）工作场所9. 您认为以下哪种环境对您参与体力活动的影响最大？（1）户外环境（2）室内环境（3）工作场所（4）其他（请说明：_________）五、体力活动动机与效果10. 您参与体力活动的主要动机是？（1）减肥塑形（2）增强体质（3）缓解压力（4）社交娱乐（5）其他（请说明：_________）11. 您认为参与体力活动对以下方面有哪些影响？（1）身体健康（2）心理健康（3）社交能力（4）其他（请说明：_________）六、体力活动遇到的困难与建议12. 您在参与体力活动过程中遇到过哪些困难？（1）缺乏时间（2）缺乏场地（3）缺乏同伴13. 您对提高我国民众体力活动水平有何建议？（1）加强体育设施建设（2）开展全民健身活动（3）提高公众健康意识（4）其他（请说明：_________）感谢您的参与！祝您身体健康，生活愉快！。
INTERNATIONAL PHYSICAL ACTIVITY QUESTIONNAIRE(October 2002)国际身体活动问卷2002年10月LONG LAST 7 DAYS SELF-ADMINISTERED FORMAT最近7天身体活动自我填答长问卷版FOR USE WITH YOUNG AND MIDDLE-AGED ADULTS (15-69 years)年轻人与中年人适用(15-69岁)The International Physical Activity Questionnaires (IPAQ) comprises a set of 4 questionnaires. Long (5 activity domains asked independently) and short (4 generic items) versions for use by either telephone or self-administered methods are available. The purpose of the questionnaires is to provide common instruments that can be used to obtain internationally comparable data on health–related physical activity.国际身体活动问卷包含4组问卷，透过电话或自我填答的长问卷（5种不同活动领域）与短问卷（4种构面）两种版本。
问卷的主要目的在提供一般性的工具，使得健康相关之身体活动资料可以进行国际间的比较。
Background on IPAQThe development of an international measure for physical activity commenced in Geneva in 1998 and was followed by extensive reliability and validity testing undertaken across 12 countries (14 sites) during 2000. The final results suggest that these measures have acceptable measurement properties for use in many settings and in different languages, and are suitable for national population-based prevalence studies of participation in physical activity.IPAQ的背景国际身体活动的测量发展源于1998年在日内瓦，至2000年间经过12 个国家14个地方大量的信效度测试，最后结果建议这些评量在许多地方及国度的使用有令人满意的特性，并且适合在全国性的母群体基础下广泛的针对参与身体活动实施研究。
1、最近7天内，您有几天做了剧烈的体育活动，像是提重物、挖掘、有氧运动或是快速骑车？每周天□无相关体育活动→跳到问题32、在这其中一天您通常会花多少时间在剧烈的体育活动上？每天小时分钟□不知道或不确定3、最近7天内，您有几天做了适度的体育活动，像是提轻的物品、以平常的速度骑车或打双人网球？请不要包括走路。
每周天□无适度体育活动→跳到问题54、在这其中一天您通常会花多少时间在适度的体育活动上？每天小时分钟□不知道或不确定5、最近7天内，您有几天是步行，且一次步行至少10分钟？每周天□没有步行→跳到问题76、在这其中一天您通常花多少时间在步行上？每天小时分钟□不知道或不确定7、最近七天内，工作日您有多久时间是坐着的？每天小时分钟□不知道或不确定请回顾一下过去7天您的体力情况，包括日常工作、日常生活、日常交通、运动锻炼以及休闲运动的情况。
请考虑一下过去7天内您所从事的体力活动的情况（重体力活动是指那些让您的呼吸心跳明显加快的活动，中度体力活动是指那些让您呼吸心跳略微加快的活动。
）第一部分：日常工作1、您目前是否外出工作？□是□否→跳至第二部分：日常交通2、在过去7天内，您在工作中有几天参加了重体力活动（如搬运重物、挖掘、爬楼梯等）且持续时间超过十分钟？（注意不包括工作以外的活动）天╱周□无工作相关重体力活动→跳至问题43、在工作中每天花多长时间进行重体力活动？小时╱天分钟╱天4、在过去7天内，您在工作中有几天参加了中度体力活动（如提拎小型物品等），且持续时间超过10分钟（注意不包括工作以外的活动）？天╱周□无工作相关中体力活动→跳至问题65、在工作中每天花多长时间进行中体力活动？小时╱天分钟╱天6、在过去7天内，您有几天工作中步行时间持续超过10分钟（注意不包括上下班路上的步行时间）？天╱周□无工作相关的步行→跳至第二部分：日常交通7、在工作中每天花多长时间步行？小时╱天分钟╱天第二部分：日常交通8、在过去7天内，您有几天乘车外出？天╱周□未乘车外出→跳至问题109、每天乘车花多长时间？小时╱天分钟╱天10、在过去7天内，您有几天骑自行车外出，且持续时间超过10分钟？天╱周□未骑自行车外出→跳至问题1211、每天骑自行车花多长时间？小时╱天分钟╱天12、在过去7天内，您有几天步行外出，且持续时间超过10分钟？天╱周□未步行外出→跳至第三部分13、每天步行花多长时间？小时╱天分钟╱天第三部分：日常生活本部分涉及您工作之余所进行的家务劳动及日常生活，如清洁卫生、整理房间、做饭洗衣、照顾婴幼儿等。
Guidelines for Data Processing andAnalysis of the Internationa 丨 PhysicalActivity Questionnaire (IPAQ) 一 Short andLong FormsNovember 2005ContentsIntroductionUses of IPA Q InstrumentsSummary Characteristics of Short and Long FormsOverview of Continuous and Categorical A nalyses of IPA QProtocol for Short FormProtocol for Long FormData Processing RulesSummary AlgorithmsAppendix 1.A t A Glance IPA Q Scoring Protocol - Short Forms Appendix 2. A t A Glance IPA Q Scoring Protocol - Long FormsIntroduction This document describes recommended methods of scoring the data derived from the telephone / interview administered and self-administered IPAQ short and long form instruments. Themethods outlined provide a revision to earlier scoring protocols for the IPAQ short form andprovide for the first time a comparable scoring method for IPAQ long form. Latest versions ofIPAQ instruments are available from www.ipaq.ki.se.Although there are many different ways to analyse physical activity data, to date there is no formal consensus on a …correct‟ method for defining or describing levels of physical activity based on self-report population surveys. The use of different scoring protocols makes it very difficult to compare within and between countries, even when the same instrument has been used. Use of these scoring methods will enhance the comparability between surveys, provided identical sampling and survey methods have been used.2. Uses of IPA Q InstrumentsIPAQ short form is an instrument designed primarily for population surveillance of physical activity among adults. It has been developed and tested for use in adults (age range of 15-69 years) and until further development and testing is undertaken the use of IPAQ with older an d younger age groups is not recommended.IPAQ short and long forms are sometimes being used as an evaluation tool in intervention studies, but this was not the intended purpose of IPAQ. Users should carefully note the range of domains and types of activities included in IPAQ before using it in this context. Use as an outcome measure in small scale intervention studies is not recommended.3. Summary Characteristics of IPA Q Short and Long Forms1. IPAQ assesses physical activity undertaken across a comprehensive set of domainsincluding:a. leisure time physical activityb. domestic and gardening (yard) activitiesc. work-related physical activityd. transport-related physical activity;2. The IPAQ short form asks about three specific types of activity undertaken in the fourdomains introduced above. The specific types of activity that are assessed are walking, moderate-intensity activities and vigorous-intensity activities.3. The items in the short IPAQ form were structured to provide separate scores on walking,moderate-intensity and vigorous-intensity activity. Computation of the total score for the short form requires summation of the duration (in minutes) and frequency (days) of walking, moderate-intensity and vigorous-intensity activities. Domain specific estimates cannot be estimated.The IPAQ long form asks details about the specific types of activities undertakenwithin each of the four domains. Examples include walking for transportation andmoderate-intensity leisure-time activity.The items in the long IPAQ form were structured to provide separate domain specificscores for walking, moderate-intensity and vigorous-intensity activity within each of the work, transportation, domestic chores and gardening (yard) and leisure-time domains.Computation of the total scores for the long form requires summation of the duration (in minutes) and frequency (days) for all the types of activities in all domains. Domainspecific scores or activity specific subscores may be calculated. Domain specific scores require summation of the scores for walking, moderate-intensity and vigorous-intensity activities within the specific domain, whereas activity-specific scores require summation of the scores for the specific type of activity across domains.4. Overview of Continuous and Categorical A nalyses of IPA QBoth categorical and continuous indicators of physical activity are possible from both IPAQ forms. However, given the non-normal distribution of energy expenditure in many populations, it is suggested that the continuous indicator be presented as median minutes/week or median MET-minutes/week rather than means (such as mean minutes/week or meanMET-minutes/week).4.1 Continuous VariablesData collected with IPAQ can be reported as a continuous measure. One measure of the volume of activity can be computed by weighting each type of activity by its energy requirements defined in METs to yield a score in ME十-minutes. METs are multiples of the resting metabolic rate and a MET-minute is computed by multiplying the Met score of an activity by the minutes performed. MET-minute scores are equivalent to kilocalories for a 60 kilogram person. Kilocalories may be computed from MET-minutes using the following equation: MET-min x (weight in kilograms/60 kilograms). MET-minutes/day orMET-minutes/week can be presented although the latter is more frequently used and is thus suggested.Details for the computation for summary variables from IPAQ short and long forms are detailed below. As there are no established thresholds for presenting MET- minutes, the IPAQ Research Committee propose that these data are reported as comparisons of median values and interquartile ranges for different populations.4.2 Categorical Variable: Rationale for Cut Point ValuesThere are three levels of physical activity proposed to classify populations:1. Low2. Moderate3. HighThe algorithms for the short and long forms are defined in more detail in Sections 5.3 and 6.3, respectively. Rules for data cleaning and processing prior to computing the algorithms appear in Section 7.Regular participation is a key concept included in current public health guidelines for physical activity.1 Therefore, both the total volume and the number of days/sessions are included in the IPAQ analysis algorithms.The criteria for these levels have been set taking into account that IPAQ asks questions in all domains of daily life, resulting in higher median MET-minutes estimates than would have been estimated from leisure-time participation alone. The criteria for these three levels are shown below.Given that measures suc h as IPAQ assess total physical activity in all domains, the “leisure time physical activity” based public health recommendation of 30 minutes on most days will be achieved by most adults in a population. Although widely accepted as a goal, in absolute terms 30 minutes of moderate-intensity activity is low and broadly equivalent to the background or basal levels of activity adult individuals would accumulate in a day. Therefore a 1Pate RR, Pratt M, Blair SN, Haskell WL , Macera CA, Bouchard C et al. Phy sical activ ity and public health. A recommendation f rom the Centers f or Disease Control and Prev ention and the American College of Sports Medicine. Journal of Am en'can Medical Association 1995; 273(5):402-7. and U.S. Department of Health and Human Serv ices. Physical Activity and Health: A Report of the Surgeon General. Department of Health and Human Serv ices, Centers f or Disease Control and Prev ention, National Center f or Chronic Disease Prev ention and Health Promotion, The Presidents' Council on Phy sical Fitness and Sports: Atlanta, GA:USA. 1996.new, higher cutpoint is needed to describe the levels of physical activity associated with health benefits for measures such as IPAQ, which report on a broad range of domains of physical activity.…Hiah，This category was developed to describe higher levels of participation. Although it is known that greater health benefits are associated with increased levels of activity there is no consensus on the exact amount of activity for maximal benefit. In the absence of any established criteria, the IPAQ Research Committee proposes a measure which equates to approximately at least one hour per day or more, of at least moderate-intensity activity above the basal level of physical activity Considering that basal activity may be considered to be equivalent to approximately 5000 steps per day, it is proposed that “high active” category be considered as those who move at least 12,500 steps per day, or the equivalent in moderate and vigorous activities. This represents at least an hour more moderate-intensity activity over and above the basal level of activity, or half an hour of vigorous-intensity activity over and above basal levels daily. These calculations were based on emerging results of pedometers studies.2This category provides a higher threshold of measures of total physical activity and is a useful mechanism to distinguish variation in population groups. Also it could be used to set population targets for health-enhancing physical activity when multidomain instruments, such as IPAQ are used.2 Tudor-Locke C, Bassett DR Jr. How many steps/day are enough? Preliminary pedometer indices f or public health. Sports Med.2004;34(1):1-8.…Moderate，This category is defined as doing some activity, more than the low active category. It is proposed that it is a level of activity equivalent to “half an hour of at least moderate-intensity PA on most days”, the former leisure time-based physical activity population health recommendation.…Low，This category is simply defined as not meeting any of the criteria for either of the previous categories.5. Protocol for IPA Q Short Form5.1 Continuous ScoresMedian values and interquartile ranges can be computed for walking (W), moderate- intensity activities (M), vigorous-intensity activities (V) and a combined total physical activity score. All continuous scores are expressed in MET-minutes/week as defined below.5.2 MET Values and Formula for Computation of MET-minutes/weekThe selected MET values were derived from work undertaken during the IPAQ Reliability Study undertaken in 2000-20013. Using the Ainsworth et al. Compendium (Med Sci Sports Med 2000) an average MET score was derived for each type of activity. For example; all types of walking were included and an average MET value for walking was created. The same procedure was undertaken for moderate-intensity activities and vigorous-intensity activities. The following values continue to be used for the analysis of IPAQ data: Walking = 3.3 METs, Moderate PA = 4.0 METs and Vigorous PA = 8.0 METs. Using these values, four continuous scores are defined:Walking MET-minutes/week = 3.3 * walking minutes * walking days ModerateMET-minutes/week = 4.0 * moderate-intensity activity minutes * moderate days Vigorous MET-minutes/week = 8.0 * vigorous-intensity activity minutes * vigorous-intensity days Total physical activity MET-minutes/week = sum of Walking + Moderate + Vigorous MET- minutes/week scores.5.3 Categorical Score Category 1 LowThis is the lowest level of physical activity. Those individuals who not meet criteria for Categories 2 or 3 are considered to have a …low‟ physical activity level.The pattern of activity to be classified as …moderate‟ is either of the following criteria:a) 3 or more days of vigorous-intensity activity of at least 20 minutes per day ORb) 5 or more days of moderate-intensity activity and/or walking of at least 30minutes per dayORc) 5 or more days of any combination of walking, moderate-intensity or vigorousintensity activities achieving a minimum Total physical activity of at least 600 MET-minutes/week.3 Craig CL,Marshall A , Sjostrom M et al. International P hysical Activity Questionnaire: 12 country reliability and validity Med Sci Sports E xerc 2003;AugustCategory 2 ModerateIndividuals meeting at least one of the above criteria would be defined as accumulating a minimum level of activity and therefore be classified as …moderate‟. See Sect ion 7.5 for information about combining days across categories.Category 3 HighA separate category labelled …high‟ can be computed to describe higher levels of participation.The two criteria for classification as …high‟ are:a) vigorous-intensity activity on at least 3 days achieving a minimum Totalphysical activity of at least 1500 MET-minutes/weekORb) 7 or more days of any combination of walking, moderate-intensity orvigorous-intensity activities achieving a minimum Total physical activity of atleast 3000 MET-minutes/week.See Section 7.5 for information about combining days across categories.5.4 Sitting Question in IPA Q Short FormThe IPAQ sitting question is an additional indicator variable of time spent in sedentary activity and is not included as part of any summary score of physical activity. Data on sitting should be reported as median values and interquartile ranges. To-date there are few data on sedentary (sitting) behaviours and no well-accepted thresholds for data presented as categorical levels.6. Protocol for IPA Q Long FormThe long form of IPAQ asks in detail about walking, moderate-intensity and vigorous- intensity physical activity in each of the four domains. Note: asking more detailed questions regarding physical activity within domains is likely to produce higher prevalence estimates than the more generic IPAQ short form.4.0 * moderate-intensity activity minutes * moderate-intensity 8.0 * vigorous-intensity activity minutes * vigorous-intensity 6.1 Continuous ScoreData collected with the IPAQ long form can be reported as a continuous measure and reported as median MET-minutes. Median values and interquartile ranges can be computed for walking (W), moderate-intensity activities (M), and vigorous-intensity activities (V) within each domain using the formulas below. Total scores may also be calculated for walking (W), moderate-intensity activities (M), and vigorous-intensity activities (V); for each domain (work, transport, domestic and garden, and leisure) and for an overall grand total.6.2 MET Values and Formula for Computation of MET-minutes Work DomainWalking MET-minutes/week at work = 3.3 * walking minutes * walking days at workModerate MET-minutes/week at work= 4.0 * moderate-intensity activity minutes * moderate-intensity days at work Vigorous MET-minutes/week at work= 8.0 * vigorous-intensity activity minutes * vigorous-intensity days at work Total Work MET-minutes/week =sum of Walking + Moderate + Vigorous MET-minutes/week scores at work.Active Transportation DomainWalking MET-minutes/week for transport = 3.3 * walking minutes * walking days fortransportation Cycle MET-minutes/week for transport= 6.0 * cycling minutes * cycle days for transportation Total Transport MET-minutes/week = sum of Walking + CyclingMET-minutes/week scores for transportation. Domestic and Garden lYard Work] DomainVigorous MET-minutes/week yard chores= 5.5 * vigorous-intensity activity minutes * vigorous-intensity days doing yard work (Note: the MET value of 5.5 indicates that vigorous garden/yard work should be considered a moderate-intensity activity for scoring and computing total moderate intensity activities.) Moderate MET-minutes/week yard chores= 4.0 * moderate-intensity activity minutes * moderate- intensity days doing yard work Moderate MET-minutes/week inside chores= 3.0* moderate-intensity activity minutes * moderate- intensity days doing inside chores. Total Domestic and Garden MET-minutes/week =sum of Vigorous yard + Moderate yard + Moderate inside chores MET-minutes/week scores.Leisure-Time DomainWalking MET-minutes/week leisure = 3.3 * walking minutes * walking days in leisure Moderate MET-minutes/week leisure = days in leisure Vigorous MET-minutes/week leisure days in leisure Total Leisure-Time MET-minutes/week = sum of Walking + Moderate + Vigorous MET-minutes/week scores in leisure.Total Scores for all Walking, Moderate and Vigorous Physical ActivitiesTotal Walking MET-minutes/week = Walking MET-minutes/week (at Work + for Transport + in Leisure) Total Moderate MET-minutes/week total = Moderate MET-minutes/week (at Work + Yard chores + inside chores + in Leisure time) + Cycling Met-minutes/week for Transport + Vigorous Yard chores MET-minutes/weekTotal Vigorous MET-minutes/week = Vigorous MET-minutes/week (at Work + in Leisure)Note: Cycling MET value and Vigorous garden/yard work MET value fall within the coding range of moderate-intensity activities.Total Physical Activity ScoresAn overall total physical activity MET-minutes/week score can be computed as:Total physical activity MET-minutes/week = sum of Total (Walking + Moderate + Vigorous) MET- minutes/week scores.This is equivalent to computing:Total physical activity MET-minutes/week = sum of Total Work + Total Transport + Total Domestic and Garden + Total Leisure-Time MET-minutes/week scores.As there are no established thresholds for presenting MET-minutes, the IPAQ Research Committee proposes that these data are reported as comparisons of median values and interquartile ranges for different populations.6.3 Categorical ScoreAs noted earlier, regular participation is a key concept included in current public health guidelines for physical activity.4 Therefore, both the total volume and the number ofday/sessions are included in the IPAQ analysis algorithms. There are three levels of physical activity proposed to classify populations - …low‟, ‟moderate‟, and …high‟. T he criteria for these levels are the same as for the IPAQ short [described earlier in Section 4.2]Category 1 LowThis is the lowest level of physical activity. Those individuals who not meet criteria for Categories 2 or 3 are considered …low‟.Category 2 ModerateThe pattern of activity to be classified as …moderate‟ is either of the following criteria:d) 3 or more days of vigorous-intensity activity of at least 20 minutes per day ORe) 5 or more days of moderate-intensity activity and/or walking of at least 30minutes per dayOR4Pate RR, Pratt M, Blair SN, Haskell WL , Macera CA, Bouchard C et al. Phy sical activity and public health. A recommendation f rom the Centers f or Disease Control and Prev ention and the American College of Sports Medicine. Journal of Am erican Medical Association 1995; 273(5):402-7. and U.S. Department of Health and Human Serv ices. Physical Activity and Health: A Report of the Surgeon General. Department of Health and Human Serv ices, Centers f or Disease Control and Prev ention, National Center f or Chronic Disease Prev ention and Health Promotion, The Presidents' Council on Physical Fitness and Sports: Atlanta, GA:USA. 1996.ORb) f) 5 or more days of any combination of walking, moderate-intensity or vigorous- intensityactivities achieving a minimum Total physical activity of at least 600 MET-minutes/week. Individuals meeting at least one of the above criteria would be defined as accumulating a moderate level of activity. See Section 7.5 for information about combining days across categories.Category 3 HighA separate category labelled …high‟ can be computed to describe higher levels of participation. The two criteria for classification as …high‟ are:a) vigorous-intensity activity on at least 3 days achieving a minimum Total physicalactivity of at least 1500 MET-minutes/week 7 or more days of any combination of walking, moderate-intensity orvigorous-intensity activities achieving a minimum Total physical activity of atleast 3000 MET-minutes/week.See Section 7.5 for information about combining days across categories.6.4 IPA Q Sitting Question IPA Q Long FormThe IPAQ sitting question is an additional indicator variable and is not included as part of any summary score of physical activity. To-date there are few data on sedentary (sitting) behaviours and no well-accepted thresholds for data presented as categorical levels. For the sitting question …Minutes‟ is used as the indicator to reflect time spent in sitting rather thanMET-minutes which would suggest an estimate of energy expenditure.IPAQ long assesses an estimate of sitting on a typical weekday, weekend day and time spent sitting during travel (see transport domain questions).Summary sitting variables includeSitting Total Minutes/week = weekday sitting minutes* 5 weekdays + weekend day sitting minutes* 2 weekend daysAverage Sitting Total Minutes/day = (weekday sitting minutes* 5 weekdays + weekend day sitting minutes* 2 weekend days) / 7Note: The above calculation of …Sitting Total‟ excludes time spent sitting during travel because the introduction in IPAQ long directs the responder to NOT include this component as it would have already been captured under the Transport section. If a summary sitting variable including time spent sitting for transport is required, it should be calculated by adding the time reported (travelling in a motor vehicle) under transport to the above formula. Care should be taken in reporting these alternate data to clearly distinguish the …total sitting‟ variable from a …total sitting - including transport‟ variable.Data Processing RulesIn addition to a standardized approach to computing categorical and continuous measures of physical activity, it is necessary to undertake standard methods for the cleaning and treatment of IPAQ datasets. The use of different approaches and rules would introduce variability and reduce the comparability of data.There are no established rules for data cleaning and processing on physical activity. Thus, to allow more accurate comparisons across studies IPAQ Research Committee has established and recommends the following guidelines:7.1 Data CleaningI. Any responses to duration (time) provided in the hours and minutes response optionshould be converted from hours and minutes into minutes.II. To ensure that responses in …minutes‟ were not entered in the …hours‟ column by mistake during self-co mpletion or during data entry process, values of …15‟，…30’，…45‟，…60‟ and …90‟ in the …hours‟ column should be converted to …15‟，…30‟，…45‟，…60‟ and …90‟ minutes, respectively, in the minutes column.III. In some cases duration (time) will be reported as weekly (not daily) e.g., VWHRS, VWMINS. These data should be converted into an average daily time by dividing by 7. IV. If …don‟t know‟ or …refused … or data are missing for time or days then that case is removed from analysis.Note: Both the number of days and daily time are required for the creation ofcategorical and continuous summary variables7.2 Maximum Values for Excluding OutliersThis rule is to exclude data which are unreasonably high; these data are to be considered outliers and thus are excluded from analysis. All cases in which the sum total of all Walking, Moderate and Vigorous time variables is greater than 960 minutes (16 hours) should be excluded from the analysis. This assumes that on average an individual of 8 hours per day is spent sleeping.The …days‟ variables can take the range 0-7 days, or 8, 9 (don‟t know or refused); values greater than 9 should not be allowed and those cases excluded from analysis.7.3 Minimum Values for Duration of A ctivityOnly values of 10 or more minutes of activity should be included in the calculation of summary scores. The rationale being that the scientific evidence indicates that episodes or bouts of at least 10 minutes are required to achieve health benefits. Responses of less than 10 minutes [and their associated days] should be re-coded to …zero‟.This rule attempts to normalize the distribution of levels of activity which are usually skewed in national or large population data sets.In IPAQ short - it is recommended that all Walking, Moderate and Vigorous time variables exceeding ... 3 hours‟ or ...180 minutes‟ are truncated (that is re-coded) to be equal to (180)7.4 Truncation of Data Rulesminutes‟ in a new variable. This rule permits a maximum of 21 hours of activ ity in a week to be reported for each category (3 hours * 7 days).In IPAQ long - the truncation process is more complicated, but to be consistent with the approach for IPAQ short requires that the variables total Walking, total Moderate- intensity and total Vigorous-intensity activity are calculated and then, for each of these summed behaviours, the total value should be truncated to 3 hours (180 minutes).When analysing the data as categorical variable or presenting median and interquartile ranges of the MET-minute scores, the application of the truncation rule will not affect the results. This rule does have the important effect of preventing misclassification in the …high‟ category. For example, an individual who reports walking for 10 minutes on 6 days and 12 hours of moderate activity on one day could be coded as …high‟ because this pattern meets the …7 day” and “3000 MET-min” criteria for …high‟. However, this uncommon pattern of activity is unlikely to yield the health benefits that the …high‟ categor y is intended to represent. Although using median is recommended due to the skewed distribution of scores, if IPAQ data are analysed and presented as a continuous variable using mean values, the application of the truncation rule will produce slightly lower mean values than would otherwise be obtained.7.5 Calculating MET-minute/week ScoresData processing rules 7.2, 7.3, and 7.4 deals first with excluding outlier data, then secondly, with recoding minimum values and then finally dealing with high values. These rules will ensure that highly active people remain classified as …high‟, while decreasing the chances that less active individuals are misclassified and coded as …high‟.Using the resulting variables, convert time and days to MET-minute/week scores [see above Sections 5.2 and 6.2; METS x days x daily time].7.6 Calculating Total Days for Presenting Categorical Data on Moderate and HighLevelsPresenting IPAQ data using categorical variables requires the total number of …days‟ on which all physical activity was undertaken to be assessed. This is difficult because frequency in …days‟ is asked separately for walking, moderate-intensity and vigorous- intensity activities, thus allowing the total number of …days‟ to range from a minimumof 0 to a maximum of 21‟days‟ per week in IPAQ short and higher in IPAQ long. The IPAQ instrument does not record if different types of activity are undertaken on the same day.In calculating …moderately active‟, the primary requirement is to identify those individuals who undertake activity on at least …5days‟/week [see Sections 4.2 and 5.3]. Indi viduals who meet this criterion should be coded in a new variable called “at least five days” and this variable should be used to identify those meeting criterion b) at least 30 minutes of moderate-intensity activity and/or walking; and those meeting criterion c) any combination of walking, moderate-intensity or vigorous-intensity activities achieving a minimum of 600MET-minutes/week.APPENDIX 1 Below are two examples showing this coding in practice:i) an individual who reports …2 days of moderate -intensity‟ and …3 days of walking‟ should be coded as a value indicating “at least five days”;ii) an individual reporting …2 days of vigorous -intensity‟, …2 days of moderate -intensity‟ and …2 days of walking should be coded as a value to indicate “at leastfive days” [even though the actual total is 6].The original frequency of …days‟ for each type of activity should remain in the data file for usein the other calculations.The same approach as described above is used to calculate total days for computing the…high‟ category. The primary requirement according to the stated criteria is to identify thoseindividuals who undertake a combination of walking, moderate-intensity and or vigorous-intensity activity on at least 7 days/week [See section 4.2].Individuals who meet this criterion should be coded as a value in a new variable to reflect “atleast 7 days".Below are two examples showing this coding in practice:i) an individual who reports …4 days of moderate -intensity‟ and …3 days of walking‟ shouldbe coded as the new variable “at least 7 days".ii) an individual reporting …3 days of vigorous -intensity‟, …3 days moderate - intensity‟ and…3 days walking‟ should be coded as “at least 7 days" [even though the total adds to9] .8. Summary algorithmsThe algorithms in Appendix 1 and Appendix 2 to this document show how these rules work inan analysis plan, to develop the categories 1 [Low], 2 [Moderate], and 3 [High] levels ofactivity.IPA Q Research CommitteeNovember 2005。
