高考英语阅读理解解题技巧

高考英语阅读理解解题技巧阅读是英语高考的重头戏，无论高考内容和形式怎么改革，阅读的分值不会减少，因为阅读是获取信息的主要手段，是同学们学习英语的主要途径。

高考英语阅读理解注意事项1．养成习惯，潜移默化结硕果。

良好的阅读习惯：1、养成默读习惯，使注意力集中在文字符号上，纠正唇读，心读，喉读等做法，以免分散精力，影响阅读速度。

2、克服指读、回视、重读等不良习惯，因为这样容易使理解只停留在某个词或句子上，使获得的信息支离破碎。

要善于抓住句子中的核心词，从一个句子快速地扫视到另一个句子，进行连贯性理解。

2阅读基本方法：先看题干，带着问题读文章。

即先看试题，再读文章。

阅读题干，首先,要掌握问题的类型，分清是客观信息题还是主观判断题。

客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调，作者未加陈述的观点以及贯穿全文的中心主旨的理解等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。

其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位，再将相关信息进行整合、分类、分析、对比，有根有据地排除干扰项，选出正确答案。

此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率，节省了宝贵的时间。

特别适用于对图形表格类题材的理解具体到阅读理解的各种题型，除了难度相对较小的细节理解题和任务型阅读外，难度最大的往往是主旨大意题、词义猜测题，推理判断题和细节题等，现就这些重点题型进行解题点拨。

一、主旨大意题: 大小适中，不偏不倚。

主旨大意题主要是测试考生对一篇文章或一段文字的深层理解程度及在速读中准确把握文章主旨大意的能力。

一般针对某一语段或某一语篇的主题标题或目的设题。

常见的设题方式有：1标题类常见的标题型题干：1)The best title/ headline for this passage might be_____________.2)The text (passage) could be entitled ______________.3)What is the best title for the passage?4)Which of the following would be suitable as a title for the passage?2 大意类常见的主题型题干：5) This passage chiefly deals with____________.6) What’s the topic of the article?7) What is the subject discussed in the text?8) With what topic is the passage chiefly concerned?3 目的主旨大意题The author’s main purpose in writing the passage is______.The passage is meant to _____ The purpose of this article is _______1. 文章的标题要涵盖全文，大小适中。

一篇文章所涉及的中心内容是什么，文章谈论的是什么人，什么事，什么思想，什么问题，这些从标题上就要看得出来。

如果标题涉及的话题内容文章根本没有论述到，那么标题可能太大；如果文章中出现了标题没有覆盖的话题内容，那么标题可能太小。

2. 文章的标题要切中文意，不偏不倚。

要选出最恰当的标题，需要注意每个段落都出现的词汇，即中心词。

因为每个段落都涉及的内容往往就是作者竭力想要说明的共同话题，因此要注意每个段落都出现过的词汇，并且仔细分析它是否就是文章的话题。

【例1】原文：Animals can move from place to place, but plants cannot. ...But plants can defend themselves by using both physical and chemical means.Some plants have their own ways to keep animals away. For example,...Some plants, such as the oak tree, have thick and hard leaves that are difficult for animals to eat. Some grasses may contain a sandy material; eating such grasses wears down the animal's teeth.Many plants also have chemical defenses ...Many plants depend on both physical and chemical defenses. ... A single experience with this kind of plant will teach an animal to stay away from it in the future.Q: What would be the best title for this passage?A. Plants and AnimalsB. How Plants Defend ThemselvesC. Attacks and DefensesD. How Animals Eat Plant LeavesA项标题显然太大，写动植物这样一个主题，这么一篇短文肯定写不完，而要一本甚至几本书来写才行。

C项标题也太大，太空泛。

D项将文章的中心转为animals, 偏离文章内容，显然不妥。

而B项plants这一话题在各个段落都有落实，再加上defend themselves 与文章内容大小就非常贴切。

一篇文章的首段和末段十分重要，每段的首句和末句也很关键，因为它们往往就是全篇或者段落的主题句，找对了主题句就等于抓住了文章的主题。

该篇第一段总领全文，尤其是末句，揭示了文章的主题，是总分结构中的总说，后面的各段只是进一步的展开。

【例2】原文：There are two kinds of physical activities which require special training.The first demands exact careful movements of the muscles(肌肉). This kind of activity must be strictly controlled because even a slight movement in the wrong direction will lead to a mistake. To type quickly, for example, a person needs training; ... A dancer ... must be trained for a long period of time ...The second kind of physical activity needs greater strength or extra effort. Most of us get tired if we try to run half a mile without stopping, but a specially trained person can do this without much effort. Three years ago, some scientists carried out experiments, ... They were surprised to find that the harmful effect of a given amount of physical effort was actually less on the hearts of these trained patients than on those of the patients who were not similarly trained. This is important because it shows that regular physical exercise enables us to make better use of the oxygen (氧气) we breathe in and that this training, in fact, reduces the amount of work our hearts do. Many tasks which are hard for untrained people are not hard at all for trained people.Q: What would be the best title for this text?A. Training Our BodiesB. Physical ActivitiesC. Movement TrainingD. Extra Body Effort文章是总分结构，首段总说点明主题，即“two kinds of physical activities”，而且通过第二段的重点论述说明“regular physical exercise”的重要性，所以选择A项为佳。

B项好似正确，但其实太大，因为它论述的是身体活动，而文章只涉及两种身体活动。

划分身体活动的方法岂止本文介绍的这一种！C和D项显然偏离文章主题，它们仅仅是文章个别地方出现的字眼。

总之，抓住文章每一段的段落大意，并且把握住段落间的逻辑关系，就不难为文章选出不大不小、不偏不倚、切合文意的标题。

实战演练:例一Being considered a leader in our society is indeed of high praise.Leadership means power,commands respect and, most important, encourages achievement.Unlike vitamin C, leadership skills can't be easily swallowed down.They must be carefully cultivated.Different from popular belief, most good leaders are made, not born.They learn their skills in their everyday lives.But which do they develop? How do they (and how can you) get others to follow?Always give credit.Many leaders note that the most efficient way to get a good performance from others is to treat them like heroes.Giving public credit to someone who has earned it is the best leadership technique in the world.It is alsoan act of generosity (慷慨) that's never forgotten.Giving credit is more effective than even the most constructive criticism (批评) , which often hurts rather than helps.Kenneth Blanchard, the author of The One-Minute Manager, agrees."Catch people doing something right!" he says.Then tell everyone about it. Take informed risks." The best leaders know that taking a risk is not a thoughtless exercise,"says management adviser Marilyn Machlowitz, "Sky divers don't go up in an airplane without checking the parachutes (降落伞) beforehand."Because the idea of risk also carries with it the possibility of failure, many of us usually wait for others to take charge.But if you want to be a leader, you must learn to fail - and not die a thousand deaths.Pick yourself up and start all over again.Encourage enthusiasm (热情)."When people understand the importance of work, they lend their mental strengths," says Lee Ducat.But when they get excited about the work, all their energy gets poured into the job.That's a great force! Is this the best way to create excitement? Be enthusiastic yourself. You will be followed by everyone.63.Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?A.Leadership Is of Skills and TechniquesB.Leadership Is Very ImportantC.Not Many Can Be LeadersD.How to Be a Leader例二：Since many of you are planning to study at a college or university in this country, you may be curious to know what you usually do in a typical week, how you can get along with your fellow students, and so on.These are the questions I want to discuss with you today.First, let’s talk about what your weekly schedule will look like. No matter what your major may be, you can expect to spend between four and six hours a week for each class attending lectures. Lectures are usually in very large rooms because some courses such as introduction to sociology or economics often have as many as two or three hundred students, especially at large universities. In lectures, it’s very important for you to take notes on what the professor says because the information a lecture is often different from the information in your textbooks. Also, you can expect to have exam questions based on the lectures. So it isn’t enough to just read your textbooks; you have to attend lectures as well. In a typical week you will also have a couple of hours of discussion for every class you take. The discussion section is a small group meeting usually with fewer than thirty students where you can ask questions about the lectures, the reading, and the homework. In large universities, graduate students, called teaching assistants, usually direct discussion sections.If your major is chemistry, or physics, or another science, you’ll also have to spend several hours a week in the lab, or laboratory, doing experiments. This means that science majors spend more time in the classroom than non science majors do. On the other hand, people who major in subjects like literature or history usually have to read and write more than science majors do.（2004重庆卷）④.The main purpose of this text is .A. to help the students to learn about university lifeB. to persuade the students to attend lecturesC. to encourage the sudents to take part in discussionsD. to advise the students to choose proper majors二、词义猜测题：解剖麻雀，瞻前顾后。