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ContentChapter1 Introduction (4)Chapter 2 O. Henry ‘s article style--humor (4)2.1 O. Henry ‘s article style (4)Chapter3 Unique O-style ending method (5)3.1 Improbable Coincidence (The Gift of the Magi) (5)Chapter4 The Main Theme of O’Henry’s Works (6)Chapter 5 Conclusion (7)References (8)A Brief Review on O’Henry’s Works摘要：欧.亨利，原名威廉.西德尼.波特,20世纪美国著名小说家，美国短篇小说创始人。
被誉为世界上三大著名小说巨匠，与法国的莫泊桑，俄国的契诃夫齐名。
他少年时曾一心想当画家，婚后在妻子的鼓励下开始写作。
后再银行供职时出现账目问题而入狱，在服刑期间认真写作，并以“欧.亨利”为笔名发表了大量短篇小说。
他的作品情节细腻。
语言诙谐，结局往往出人意料。
出人意料但却符合逻辑的故事结尾以及不拘一格文风在作品中最具亮点给读者留下深刻印象。
而本论文的主要围绕他的著作，如《麦琪的礼物》，《最后一片叶子》，《警察与赞美诗》，分析其故事结尾与语言风格如何达到预想的效果和如何让作者的思想在作品中得到体现。
关键词：文风，欧.亨利式结尾,人性，社会现实Abstract:O. Henry, one of the three most famous short-story writers in the world, enjoys equal status with Chekhov and Maupassant. Exquisite plot, wry humor and twist ending dominate his works. Those surprising but logical endings and article’s style are the most brilliant in all of the highlights. This thesis mainly analyses O. Henry’s surprising but logical endings and style of his famous works such as The Gift of the Magi , The Last Leaf an and The Cop and the Anthem.These O. Henry-style endings impress readers ,and at the same time ,help him express his ideas completely and vividly.So this thesis mainly analyses how O.Henry set the plot to achieve the desired ending effect,and how the twist ending help idea-expression.Key Words: artistic styles, O. Henry-style ending, humanity; social realityChapter1 IntroductionO·Henry is commonly associated with the short story and the masterful ironic “O·Henry Twist”. A prolific writer, O·Henry wrote most often about New York City, where he spent his later years, He has been called “the American De Maupassant”.Years of hardships, vagrancy and prison supplied O·Henry with abundant material for writing. The tragedy in his own life —the bad luck that seemed to bind him —had taught him a chivalrous tenderness for the unlucky, a sympathetic understanding of the underdogs, and this compassion of his is evident in most of his short stories. O·Henry’s stories about New York City —the best of which are included in The Four Million—are his most famous. His works in.The Four Billionaire full of humor. His stories are amusing, flippant, flat and filled with irony and sentiment. Drawing directly on his experiences, he combined realism with a world of his own. Commonly recurring themes in O·Henry’s short stories are those of deception, mistaken identity, the effect of coincidence, the inexorable nature of fate, and the resolution of seemingly insurmountable difficulties separating two love it.Over recent hundreds of years, works of O·Henry’s have been published for several editions, and always attracting a great number of readers. O·Henry‟s writing is seen as straightforward and simple, written in plain language. His stories may rely on a sameness of plot, but the sharp, unexpected twist at the end is still his distinctive trademark today.(田2005:5)As readers, we like O·Henry’s stories very much because we can get much fun from them. Lively characters, humorous style, and the surprising ending which leave us endless thinking, are the main factors to attract and strike us.Chapter 2 O. Henry ‘s article style--humor2.1 O. Henry ‘s article styleO. Henry good at describing the United States in particular people living in New York. His novel, witty language, the result is often surprising; because of the many descriptions of the characters and full of life, as the "Encyclopedia of American life with humor." There are representative collection of short stories, "King and cabbage", "4,000,000" and "the fate of the road." Some of the famous, such as "love at the expense" and "Police and the Hymn," "rent furnished rooms" and "The Gift of the Magi" and "the last piece of rattan leaf" to make his reputation in the world.He is a writer with a unique style, humorous works, humorous wit, vivid descriptions, concise text. Vivid description of things from the profound understanding and extensive knowledge. He was good to observe things and the accumulation of knowledge. Good at capturing life Ironically, while the wealth to the philosophy of the dramatic scenes from the grasp of the subtle characteristics of the image using the language Painted, so that the people of flesh and blood, into the Xu-xu Health.2.2 HumorO. Henry once wrote: "the nature of my jokes is amiable, irony, and never make someone angry." This is his opinion of his humor, his satire, but again not ironic.he is on the basis of goodwill, and often contain the true meaning of life in accessible short stories . And another effect is that this kind of humor played down the tragic role, so readers are more likely to accept. In addition to the humorous irony, O. Henry is good at capturing the ironic and aboundin life philosophy of dramatic scene, with the characteristics of writing outline of cartoon characters, the plot of the chrono set at the same time, the ending with unexpected knot,All this make readers in dismay want to find the deep connotation of the story, make the reader have to exclamation story of fair and reasonable, idea of exquisite. In addition to unxepecting ending ,the sequence in the novel text became O. Henry another feature of the nove.In O’Henry’s short story “The Cop and the Anthem”, he ma kes use of the vocabulary mistake and hyperbole not only endowing figures with fresh image but also obtaining definite humorous effect. It’s a concrete display of the comedic writing style and at the same time it hints at the tragic fate of the protagonist.There is such a paragraph in the article:But as Soapy set foot inside the restaurant d o o r the head waiter’s eye fell upon his frayed trousers and decadent shoes. Strong and ready hands turned him a b o u t and conveyed him in silence and haste to the sidewalk and averted the ignoble fate of the menaced mallard.Soapy’s f irst “long for being arrested” plan i s to eat extravagantly in a luxurious restaurant—“a roast duck is almost enough!” But as he sets foot inside the restaurant door, the head waiter’s eye falls upon h i s“decadent shoes”. Decadent is always used to d e s c r i b e life style or consciousness concept. The author uses it to describe Soapy’s broken shoes and exaggerates the actuality of that broken shoe to a laughable extent. Then the author also uses the humorous remarks “turn round that r o a s t duck’s nearly being killed fate “to indicate Soapy’s hope “to eat gratis is vanished.”Chapter3 Unique O-style ending methodO. Henry's trademark is the surprising ending that each of his stories contains. He sets a story moving in one direction, and just when the reader is convinced of the general direction of the narrative, the story will be completely reversed.This kind of expected but reasonable ending which called O.Henry’s ending may be a litt le sorrowful but it still gives the readers some hope,which is so-called “O.Henry’s humor(smile with tears)”And if we look back to the total story, the ending seems logical and plausible. As a “plot-maker”, and designer of incident, he is an amazing geniu s. No one can do better than him to holds the reader in “suspense”More than that, the reader scarcely knows that he is suspended until the very close of the story. Just as turns on the lights and the whole tale is revealed in its entirety. He uses this device of dramatic and humorous effect in the short story collection The Four Million which including “The Gift of the Magi ”, and “The Cop and the Anthem”“the Service of Love”“The last Leaf.”He often stresses on something important but not the most importan t in his works.The most important part always seems to write incidentally,which been the most circumscriptive reader may if more it.When the stories end in a totally unexpected but reasonable way ,we can do nothing but cheer for O.Henry’s literary talent.3.1 Improbable Coincidence (The Gift of the Magi)The novel“The Gift of the Magi” is about a young couple that is short of money but desperately wants to buy each other Christmas gifts. Unknown to Jim, Della sells her most valuable possession, her beautiful hair, in order to buy platinum as the chain for Jim's watch; unknown to Della, Jim sells his most valuable possession, his watch, to buy jeweled combs for Della's hair. In the end ,both gifts became useless——short-haired Della got a comb andJim got a chain for an already-sold watch. What a surprising coincidence! However, when we look back, we can find that O.Henry had already given us some suggestions.”Now, there were two possessions of the James Dillingham Youngs in which they both took a mighty pride. One was Jim’s gold watch that had been his father’s and his grandfather’s. The other was Della’s hair.” This description is related to how they got the money for gifts and what they bought for each other. The author used a casual and vague tone deliberately so that few people would think over its meaning before seeing the ending. So the ending turns out to be unexpected but reasonable.This coincidence is filled with complex emotions. People feel touched by the long lasting true love between the young couple and at the same time ,pity for them for their “unwise” gifts and their cruel bitter life.Though confronted with cruel reality and dull daily routine, Della and Jim can never change their eagerness toward love. To them the most valuable material possession is so slight and insignificant ,when compared with the spiritual possession of love romance.Perhaps the gifts were "unwise" as the author says, but, as he further writes, "let it be said that of all who give gifts, these two were the wisest.”In Th e Gift of the Magi , we feel so pity that Della has her precious long hair cut. But to our surprise ,Jim has sold the watch to buy the jeweled tortoise-shell combs for her wife’s hair. O.Henry does not end on the note of irony and surprise but gives to what he calls his uneventful coincidence of two foolish children the appearance of a little parable with a significant meaning. The magi , he reminds the reader ,were wise men who brought gifts to the Christ child. As for Jim and Della, the are the magi. This is the ending of the story with O.Henry’s own style.Chapter4 The Main Theme of O’Henry’s WorksIn his works, O.Henry presents the panorama of the American people to readers with ironic and humorous tone. O.Henry is sympathetic with the poor; he praises the human virtues and denounces human defeats. Humanity, as the eternal theme of O.Henry’s works, endows his works with perpetual artistic charm. Human being has many virtues from ancient times to the present. They are kind, brave, honest, hard-working, polite, thrifty, generous, and hospitable and so on. Some people pay a great deal in order to maintain these virtues, they sacrifice their own happiness even life for the lofty love and friendship; they help others without asking for rewards and regard it as a pleasure; they give up their own treasure and chance to others etc. Such people bring love and fine things to the world; they are the ones who endow the world with light and hope.Human beings have many defects, too. Sometimes t h e y are lazy, rapacious, gluttonous, officious, vain, arrogant, shameless, cowardly, impetuous etc. They benefit themselves at the expense of others, they never show mercy and sympathy to the poor in order to make money, they realize their own aims by hook or by crook etc. Their evil deeds make the world vicious. By exposing the human defects and the dark sides of the world, O.Henry wants to awaken p e o p l e’s conscience and deepest desire for all good things, so that people can use their efforts to save and cleanse the whole world.O. Henry creates a short stories which he could dominate the world , and the world as a whole is with light grey. O. Henry won't go to describe the upper-class life :a luxury and dissipation life.In contrary, he makes his writing focuse on a nobody wholives in the small world.From this world , O. Henry have created the world according to his own idea, in which expresses his sympathy as well as hate, reveals a "law of the jungle" in a capitalist society orthe rule of "the great fish eat the small one". All this, we can visit O. Henry's world from the point of O. Henry's works .Besides social deformities, O. Henry didn't forget to find a unique legend in that society. In a corner of the world, there are blooming love, friendship, lofty flowers with a spirit of sacrifice , beautiful soul and divine emotion interweaves the bright side of another society. This is mainly can be found in the part of his representative works. In The Gift of the Magi ,husband and wife be able to give up the things they proud - long hair and watch, for the Christmas gifts. Although ultimately failed to achieve, but the flower of love is brightly blossoming.For example:But on an unusually quiet corner Soapy came to a standstill. Here was an old church, quaint and rambling and gabled. Through one violet-stained window a soft light glowed, where, no doubt, the organist loitered over the keys, making sure of his mastery of the coming Sabbath anthem. For there drifted out to Soapy’s ears sweet music tha t caught and held him transfixed against the convolutions of the iron fench.<The Cop and the Anthem> The hymn of music brought homeless to restart the courage of life, which reflects the virtuous sideof societyChapter 5 ConclusionTotally speaking, in O. Henry’s works, the events of some short stories are arranged in the specific order which exceed reader’s normal expectation to the arrangement of those events in his works, make the ending unpredictable and strange. O. Henry deliberately designs the little tricks with words, for he is a master of language and not its slave. These unexpected but reasonable endings, in many conditions ,are the mos t remarkable parts in the novel. They also engage something profound in the human psyche and reflect social reality in that age . device that would become identified with his name. Wit, irony, cleverness, individuality and local color are also traditional earmarks of the typical O’Henry story. In addition, his warmth of human understanding and sympathy with the “underdog” give many of his stories poignancy. In memory of his great contribution to American literature, American literary circles set up Henry Award in 1918.References[1] Medrick, Fred. An introduction to American literature[M]. Henan University Press, 1985[2] Hudson, Long. O Henry The Man and His Work[C]. New Y ork:Russell and Russell, 1969[3] O, Henry, Heart of the West[M]. New Y ork: McClure, 1907[4] O, Henry, The Four Million[M]. New York: Doubleday, Doran and Company. 1906[5] O, Henry, 欧亨利短篇小说[6] 李国宁欧亨利式结尾的艺术魅力[7] 赵书颖“含泪的笑”与“含笑的泪”浅析欧•亨利的主题[8] 赵丽，黄春妮欧亨利作品导读[M]. 武汉武汉大学出版社2003 P3[9] 欧亨利四百万[M]. 北京：外语教学与研究出版社，1988。
小说分析英文作文Paragraph 1:Once upon a time, there was a small village nestled in the heart of the countryside. The villagers lived simple lives, filled with hard work and a strong sense of community. Their days were spent tending to their crops and animals, and their evenings were filled with laughter and storytelling around the fire. Life was peaceful and content, but little did they know that their quiet existence was about to be disrupted.Paragraph 2:One fateful day, a mysterious stranger arrived in the village. He was tall and wore a long, flowing cloak that seemed to shimmer in the sunlight. His eyes held a hint of mischief, and his smile was both charming and unsettling. The villagers were intrigued by this enigmatic figure, and soon, whispers spread throughout the village about hisarrival.Paragraph 3:As the days went by, the stranger began to weave his way into the fabric of the village. He would spend hours in the local tavern, engaging in animated conversations with anyone who would listen. His stories were captivating,filled with adventure, love, and tragedy. The villagers couldn't help but be drawn to him, finding solace and excitement in his tales.Paragraph 4:However, as time passed, the stranger's stories took a darker turn. He began to share tales of treachery, deceit, and revenge. The villagers, once enthralled by his words, now found themselves feeling uneasy and unsettled. They began to question the authenticity of his stories, wondering if there was more to this stranger than met the eye.Paragraph 5:Rumors started to circulate that the stranger had ulterior motives for his presence in the village. Some believed he was a spy, sent to gather information and exploit the villagers' vulnerabilities. Others thought he was a sorcerer, using his stories as a way to manipulate and control the minds of the villagers. Fear and suspicion began to cloud the once-clear skies of the village.Paragraph 6:One brave villager decided to confront the stranger, demanding answers to the growing concerns of the community. The stranger smiled knowingly and revealed his true identity. He was neither a spy nor a sorcerer, but a writer searching for inspiration. He had come to the village seeking stories, hoping to find the essence of human emotion and experience.Paragraph 7:The villagers, initially skeptical, slowly began to understand the stranger's intentions. They realized that his stories, though dark and unsettling, were a reflection of their own fears and desires. Through his words, he had awakened something within them, forcing them to confront the complexities of their own lives. In the end, they were grateful for the stranger's presence, as he had reminded them of the power of storytelling and the importance of embracing all aspects of the human experience.Paragraph 8:And so, the village returned to its peaceful existence, but with a newfound appreciation for the stories that shaped their lives. The stranger bid farewell, leaving behind a legacy of tales that would be passed down from generation to generation. The villagers would forever remember the stranger who had taught them the value of storytelling and the beauty of embracing the darkness within.。
名著：小妇人双语赏析名著：小妇人双语赏析Little Women《小妇人》-Louisa May Alcott露意莎.梅.奥尔科特CHAPTER ONE第一章PLAYING PILGRIMS 朝圣"Christmas won't be Christmas without any presents," grumbled Jo, lying on the rug .“没有礼物圣诞节怎么过?”乔躺在小地毯上咕哝。
"It's so dreadful to be poor!" sighed Meg, looking down at her old dress.“贫穷真可怕!”梅格发出一声叹息，低头望着身上的旧衣服。
"I don't think it's fair for some girls to have plenty of pretty things, and other girls nothing at all," added little Amy, with an injured sniff .“有些女孩子拥有荣华富贵，有些却一无所有，我认为这不公平。
”艾美鼻子轻轻一哼，三分出于轻蔑，七分出于嫉妒。
"We've got Father and Mother, and each other," said Beth contentedly from her corner.“但我们有父母姐妹，”坐在一角的贝思提出*。
The four young faces on which the firelight shone brightened at the cheerful words, but darkened again as Jo said sadly, "We haven't got Father, and shall not have himfor a long time." She didn't say "perhaps never," but eachsilently added it, thinking of Father far away, where the fighting was.这句令人愉快的话使炉火映照下的四张年轻的脸庞明亮起来。
1 Full of romantic elements in the suspense novel ---a Tale of Two Cities1.1 Strong romantic elements in Dickens’ novel It is generally regarded Dickens as a realist, but not a romantic writer. However,French historian Kazha thinks that Dickens is essentially a romantic, he classified Dickens and the Bronte sisters as a romantic writer, to Thackeray called realists. His argument on the later research on Dickens is very enlightening. British novelist, George Gissing and Jester Dayton found the romanticism in Dickens’ creations, Gisssing think that Dickens and Shakespeare, are the supreme idealist, he even directly called Dickens a "romantic realism " [1 ] ; Jester Dayton that shaped the characters of Dickens is not a person like" God ", he called England Dickens," the last myth of writers, perhaps the greatest myth of writers " [2] . Modern British poet T.S. Eliot said that "Dickens's characters and the characters Dante and Shakespeare, like, all belong to the scope of poetry" [2] . Indeed, the spirit of idealism to the romantic way Dickens can never exclude. In his work, romantic love is often described; the struggle of good over evil is romantic; figure of joys and sorrows of life and death is often romantic parting. Specific to the "Tale of Two Cities," the novel, Carlton and Pross complete of their noble acts are on the very romantic, even when Cruncher from bad to good are also very impassioned, romantic and exciting atmosphere. A Tale of Two Cities is a true reflection of the times that all kinds of conflict and discord, quirks, depression, vitality and their unusual wealth. Although the details of Charles Dickens described unique, the characters sharp and detailed observation of the external characteristics, he may be described as a "realist" is not appropriate.1.2 A suspense novel with wonderful story Dickens is good at creating suspense. . A Tale of Two Cities is particularly successful in dramatized the plight of individuals with personality conflicts by a good structure and the tense atmosphere in the social historical background. At the beginning , the writer didn’t tell us the reason why Dt.Manette as a prison for 18 years. When Charles Darnay ask to Dr. Manette that he want to marry Lucie, Manette seemed to be aware of what cause for alarm, again and again to stop Darnay, asked him to repeat the morning of the marriage; the same evening, Manette again fall ill, the spirit of it Lost in the days of the Bastille.Even wondered for a moment the reader, however, not be explained Dickens. Readers can not help asking: what is the link of Darnay's life experience and Manette? Until the end of the book, people knows the link of Damay and Manette . By use of suspense, Dickens make the Manette as a person who see the bright side of human nature, and bring a wonderful story and the beauty of works of art for readers.2 The benevolence spirit and in the novel.2.1 The justification of the revolution A Tale of Two Cities" was written in the 19th century 50's, a period of rapid economic development of capitalism. The capitalist development brings evils and impoverishment of working people's lives lead the British society to the edge of the outbreak of a social revolution. As early as 30~40years in 19c , the working class to fight for political rights, on a grand scale across the country launched a "charter movement." Which Lenin called as the world's first broad, truly mass, political, proletarian revolutionary movement[3] And this makes Dickens clearly aware of the 50's Britain and 18th century French society is very similar . For this reason,he decided to create a novel set in the French Revolution to Criticize the British social reality, provide a reference for the contemporary English, it is the background that the novel "Tale of Two Cities" in 1859 come out. "Tale of Two Cities" is a historical theme of the novel, but Dickens's focus is firmly targeted at the real life. Works of the late 19th century French and British social life, extensive descriptions of the French Revolution broke out to explore the root causes are to the French Revolution's various social crisis and the reality of British society together, in an ancient metaphor for the modern use of way, warned the British rulers of the bourgeoisie: the cruel exploitation and oppression, the people's extreme poverty is the root of the revolution, if not alleviate the suffering of the civilian population, then the current outbreak of revolution in Britain is inevitable. Novels to social conflicts before the French Revolution shows very detailed and real, whether in cities or in rural areas ", hunger rampant everywhere", the majority of the people to "mulberry grass" for the food, while the upper class is extravagant, bully Pa women, among the country do not see "a face with any respect," unbearable oppression, the people are ready to "hang with a rope and pulley to the enemy." In1859, Charles Dickens On the "Tale of Two Cities" creative experience, said: "I spent a lot of time and effort to create" Tale of Two Cities ", after numerous changes, finally satisfied. Able to repay my creation your effort in any way any money and other things, but the novel's theme of the meaning and the joy of creation is complete. "[4] Indeed, the deep thinking of this for Dickens, regardless of their historical significance revealed and social significance, or possess its own aesthetic values are worthy descendants mining and exploration.2.2 Forgiveness Thought and the benevolence spirit"Tale of Two Cities" is a controversial novel, the lower revolutionary image Madame Defarge of the novel impact assessment is an important factor. Liang Shiqiu said: "Dickens read the card depends on which of the" French Revolution ", was deeply moved and determined to try to write a history of the Romans. Karay and sent two cars for his reference book, but most are not Charles Dickens Canada used because he did not want to write the history of the revolution have been Carey and the best structure in the former, not to write the necessary, as long as he captures the atmosphere of that era, with a story to illustrate the bloodshed will only lead to more bloodshed, only love can save the hearts of catastrophe. "[5] This is insightful. Dickens is the French Revolution as the only carrier to reflect the sharp class antagonisms and intense class struggle, as reflected in this class antagonism and class struggle has shown a wide range of people and human nature, the expression of specific events that goes beyond and have a more general sense of things.Dickens in the novel shaped the way Lucie, Manette ,Darnay and Carlton the ideal of humanitarian character, in that they embodied a kind of humanity as the core of the Christmas spirit. Best embodies the spirit of this love to be part of the British lawyer Carlton, purely for love, his unconditional practice the "I want for you and your loved ones and make all the sacrifices" of the promise, help Lucie's husband escape the prison to arrange a road away from the danger , while he replace Darnay on the guillotine. The Lord said: I am the resurrection, life is in me; believes in me, though dead, yet he will live; whoever lives and believes in me will never die. "intended to emphasize the spirit of Carlton's benevolence and altruism world forever.ConclusionA Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens shows effectiv ely the novelist’s aim to point out the injustice of oppression and the justification of the revolution. However, Dickens shows his strong criticism on the excess of bloodshed during the French Revolution, especially in his consideration of the innocent(like Charles Darnay) being punished along with the guilty. He feels that the old ways of oppression must be changed, and that much oppression and much misery inevitably lead to revolution, but when the revolution actually comes, he thinks that it is too violent and that the less bloodshed the better. The chief and the best portrayed figure is the benevolence spirit the leader of the revolution.。
小说每章总结英语作文Chapter Summary of "To Kill a Mockingbird""To Kill a Mockingbird" is a classic novel written by Harper Lee, which has won the Pulitzer Prize. It tells the story of a young girl named Scout Finch and her brother Jem, who grow up in a small town in Alabama during the 1930s.The novel explores themes of racism, prejudice, and theloss of innocence.Chapter 1: The novel begins with Scout introducing her family and the town of Maycomb. Scout and Jem meet a new friend, Dill, who comes to stay with his aunt for the summer. They become fascinated with their reclusive neighbor, Arthur "Boo" Radley.Chapter 2: Scout starts school and is frustrated with her teacher's insistence on teaching her how to read. Atticus, Scout's father, explains to her why education is important and teaches her to read at home.Chapter 3: Scout gets into a fight with a boy at school who insults her father. Atticus tells her to ignore the insults and not to fight back.Chapter 4: Jem and Scout find gifts in a tree outside the Radley house. They suspect that Boo Radley is leaving them.Chapter 5: Jem and Dill try to get a glimpse of Boo Radley by sneaking onto his property. Atticus catches them and tells them to leave Boo alone.Chapter 6: Jem and Scout sneak out at night to try and see Boo Radley. They are scared off when they hear a gunshot.Chapter 7: Someone tries to stab Scout and Jem on their way home from a Halloween party. They are saved by Boo Radley, who kills their attacker.Chapter 8: The town is hit by a snowstorm, and Scoutand Jem build a snowman. They discover that the gifts in the tree have been cemented over by their father.Chapter 9: Atticus is appointed to defend a black man, Tom Robinson, who has been accused of raping a white woman. The town is divided over the case, and Scout is taunted by her classmates because of her father's involvement.Chapter 10: Atticus shoots a rabid dog that is wandering through the town. Jem and Scout are impressed by their father's marksmanship.Chapter 11: Jem and Scout visit their Aunt Alexandra, who has come to stay with them. They learn about their family history and the importance of their social standing.Chapter 12: The trial of Tom Robinson begins, and Scout and Jem attend. They witness the racism and prejudice of the town.Chapter 13: Aunt Alexandra tries to make Scout more ladylike and introduces her to her cousin, Francis. Scoutdislikes Francis and gets into a fight with him.Chapter 14: Scout and Jem discover that their fatherhas been called a "nigger-lover" by some of the townspeople. They don't understand why their father is being insulted.Chapter 15: Atticus is threatened by a group of men who want to harm Tom Robinson. Jem, Scout, and Dill sneak outto watch the confrontation.Chapter 16: Tom Robinson takes the stand, and Atticus exposes the lies of the prosecution's witnesses. The townis shocked by the evidence presented.Chapter 17: The trial ends, and the jury finds Tom Robinson guilty. Atticus is devastated by the verdict.Chapter 18: Tom Robinson is sent to prison, and Atticus tries to console his family. Scout and Jem are upset by the injustice of the verdict.Chapter 19: Tom Robinson's wife visits the Finch familyand thanks them for their support. Scout and Jem learnabout the harsh realities of life.Chapter 20: Atticus is criticized by some of the townspeople for defending Tom Robinson. Scout and Jem are confused by the hatred directed towards their father.Chapter 21: Jem and Scout attend a church service with Calpurnia, their black housekeeper. They learn about the different experiences of black and white people in the town.Chapter 22: Atticus is attacked by Bob Ewell, thefather of the woman who accused Tom Robinson. Jem and Scout are saved by Boo Radley, who kills Bob Ewell.Chapter 23: Atticus learns that Tom Robinson has been killed while trying to escape from prison. He is devastated by the news.Chapter 24: Aunt Alexandra hosts a tea party for the ladies of the town. Scout is bored by the conversation and misses her father.Chapter 25: Scout and Jem are attacked by Bob Ewell on their way home from a Halloween party. They are saved by Boo Radley, who carries Jem back to their house.Chapter 26: Scout meets Boo Radley for the first time and realizes that he is not the scary monster she thought he was.Chapter 27: The town sheriff covers up the killing of Bob Ewell to protect Boo Radley. Scout realizes the importance of empathy and understanding.Chapter 28: Scout walks Boo Radley home and sees the world from his perspective. She realizes the importance of compassion and kindness.Chapter 29: Scout says goodbye to Boo Radley and reflects on the lessons she has learned about the human experience.Chapter 30: The novel ends with Scout looking back onher childhood and the lessons she has learned about prejudice, empathy, and the importance of standing up for what is right.。
Highlights of British and American Literature 《英美文学精品选读》Part I An Appreciation of English Literature 上篇：英国文学Chapter 1 Medieval Literature 中世纪英国文学Jeffery Chaucer 杰弗里•乔叟The Canterbury Tales (General Prologue)Chapter 2 The Renaissance Period 文艺复兴时期英国文学William Shakespeare 威廉•莎士比亚Sonnet 18Sonnet 29Romeo and Juliet: Part of Scene IIChapter 3 English Romantic Poetry 英国浪漫主义诗歌1. Robert Burns 罗伯特•彭斯A Red, Red RoseMy Heart’s in the Highlands2. William Wordsworth 威廉•华兹华斯I wandered lonely as a cloudComposed upon Westminster Bridge, September 3, 18023. Percy Bysshe Shelley 波西•比西•雪莱To---Ode to the West Wind4. Jane Austen 简•奥斯汀Pride and Prejudice (Chapter I)Chapter 4 The Victorian Age 维多利亚文学时期1. Charles Dickens 查尔斯•狄更斯A Tale of Two Cities ( Chapter I)2. Bronte Sisters 布朗特姐妹Charlotte Bronte 夏洛特•布朗特Jane Eyre (Chapter XXXVIII)Emily Bronte 艾米莉•布朗特Wuthering Heights (Chapter XV)3. Robert Browning 罗伯特•布朗宁My Last Duchess FerraraMeeting At NightParting at Morning4. Elizabeth Barrett Browning 伊丽莎白•巴雷特•布朗宁Sonnets from the Portuguese: 14Sonnets from the Portuguese: 43Chapter 5 Twentieth Century Literature 二十世纪文学时期1. Thomas Hardy 托马斯•哈代Tess of the D’Urberbilles (Chapter XXXV)2. Virginia woolf 维吉尼亚•沃尔夫Mrs. Dalloway (The beginning part)Part II An Appreciation of American Literature 下篇：美国文学Chapter 1: The Romantic Period 浪漫主义时期文学1. Washington Irving 华盛顿•欧文Rip Van Winkle (The beginning part)2. Ralph Waldo Emerson 拉尔夫•瓦尔多•爱默生Nature (Chapter I)3. Edgar Allan Poe 埃德加•艾伦•坡The Raven4. Nathaniel Hawthorne (1804-1864) 纳撒尼尔•霍桑The Scarlet Letter (Chapter I, II)Chapter 2: The Literature of Realism 现实主义文学时期1.Walt Whitman 惠特曼Leaves of Grass: O Captain! My Captain!Leaves of Grass: I Hear America singing2. Emily Dickinson 艾米丽•狄金森HopeI’m NobodyI heard a Fly buzz—when I died—3. Mark Twain 马克•吐温The Adventures of Tom Sawyer （Chapter I）Chapter 3: Twentieth-century Literature 二十世纪文学时期1. Ezra Pound 埃兹拉•庞德In a Station of the MetroThe River-Merchant’s Wife: A Let ter2. Robert Frost 罗伯特•弗洛斯特The Road Not TakenStopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening3. Thomas Stearns Eliot 托马斯•斯特尔纳斯•艾略特The Waste Land (Subtitles: The Burial of the Dead)4. Francis Scott Fitzgerald 弗朗西斯•司各特•菲兹杰拉德The Great Gatsby （Chapter III）5. Ernest Hemingway 厄尼斯特•海明威The Old Man and the Sea （Chapter XXVII, XXVIII, XXXVIIII）6. William Faulkner 威廉•福克纳A Rose for Emily （Chapter I, II, III, IV）《英美文学精华选读》将简要介绍英美各时期的主要文学文化思潮,文学流派和代表作家。
