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2020近5年高考全国卷真题语法专项-定语从句（详解与真题）考查形式：语法填空和短文改错；其次阅读理解和完型填空中长难句的分析等1考点聚焦功能：相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语位置：定语从句置于被修饰词之后例如：He is the man who studies in USA.本句中涉及到三个概念：1.先行词即 the man：被定语从句饰的词称为先行词先行词一般是名词和不定代词，如:some-, any-, every-和no与-boy, -thing 的合成词；或all、none、any、some、that、those等代词。
数词也可以作先行词，人称代词也同样可作先行词。
2. 引导词即who:起连接的作用引导词分两类：关系代词和关系副词关系代词：who;which;that;whose;whom关系副词：when;where;why3.从句即studies in USA.：引导词之后的句子。
2考点精讲1. 关系代词: who;which; that; whom; whose其中关系代词who;which;that;whom用于后面的从句缺主语或宾语的情况(1) who:指代先行词是人(可做从句的主语或宾语)She is the girl who I teach in China.(从句缺宾语)That is the man who teaches us English.(从句缺主语)(2) which:指代先行词是物（做从句的主语或宾语）That is the book which I want.(从句缺宾语)There is a bird which stands in the building.(从句缺主语)(3) that: 指代先行词是人或物（做从句的主语或宾语）She is the girl who/that I teach in China.(从句缺宾语)There is a bird which/that stands in the building.(从句缺主语)(4) whom;指代先行词是人，但只用于从句是缺宾语的情况。
高考英语语法定语从句 attributive clause◆概念(1) 定语从句：在主从复合句中用作定语(修饰某一名词或代词)的从句叫定语从句，一般紧接在先行词(antecedent)后面。
(2) 先行词：被__________修饰的成份。
先行词可以为一个词，短语，或整个主句。
(3)引导定语从句的词叫关系词 关系代词____, ______, ______, ______, _____, _______关系副词 _____, ______, ______ 在从句中作某个句子成份（可以做主语，宾语，定语，状语）第一找出先行词；第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（做主语、宾语、定语或状语）； 第三选择合适的关系词。
考点一：关系代词引导的定语从句1.who ,whom 和whose 引导的定语从句(1)who或whom均可指代人，但who在从句中作主语或宾语，做宾语时不可以出现在介词后；whom在从句中作宾语；两者在引导限制性定语从句时可用that 替换。
作主语时，who/that不可省略；作宾语时，whom/who/that可以省略。
◆ I’ve become good friends with several of the students in my school _________I met in the English speech contest last year.◆ I have many friends to _________ I’m going to send post cards.◆ The person I want to talk about with is Tu Youyou, the one ______ won theNobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2015.(2)whose表所属关系，一般指人，也可指物，在从句中作定语。
定语从句讲解一．基本介绍❶功能：相当于adj,修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语。
❷位置：被修饰词之后❸先行词：被定语从句修饰的词❹关系词：连接先行词与从句的词称为关系词。
❺确定关系词的步骤：先看先行词，指的是什么；看关系词在充当的成份。
二．特殊用法1.He was looking pleasantly at the children and parcels______filled his bus.2.The village is no longer the one ___it was five years ago. 5.Such books____you bought are useful.23.Which are the books____you bought for me? 6.____ is known,the earth is round.4.There is a room,_____window faces the river. 7.There is lots of air in loose snow,_____can keep the cold out.3高中定语从句练习（整理）1. They talked for about an hour of things and persons _____ they remembered in the factory.A. whichB. thatC. whoD. whom2. We are going to spend this Spring Festival in Beijing, _____ live our grandparents and some relatives.A. whichB. thatC. whoD. where3. There are many areas in the world _____ lack experienced doctors.A. whereB. in whichC. whichD. what4. The years and months _____ we spent together are really wonderful to us all.A. whenB. on whichC. in whichD. that5. _____ has been described above, it is a general rule that solids expand as the temperature increases and contract when they are cooled.A. ItB. AsC. ThatD. Which6. A. who’s B. which C. whose7. Susan is not the brilliant writer _____ she used to be. D. thisA. whichB. thatC. whoD. whom8. I, who _____ your friend, will try my best to help you.A. beB. amC. areD. is9. The size of the audience, _____ we had expected, was well over 1600.A. asB. thatC. whichD. who10. They have started an investigation, _____ are being kept secret.A. whose detailB. whose the detailsC. the details of whichD. the detail of it11. Have you ever asked him the reason _____ may explain his absence?A. whyB. for whichC. whichD. what12. There were two rooms in the beach house, _____ served as a kitchen.A. the smaller of themB. the smallest of whichC. the smaller of whichD. smallest of which13. He imagined various ways _____ he could teach her how to learn English well.A. /B. thatC. in whichD. A , B & C14. The speed _____ light travels is said to be the maximum in the universe.A. in whichB. by whichC. at whichD. from which15. Can you think out a situation _____ this idiom can be used?A. in whichB. thatC. whereD. A & C16. China has hundreds of islands, _____ is Taiwan.A. in which the largestB. its largest of whichC. of which the largestD. which the largest17. We ate in a luxurious restaurant but it wasn’t such a good dinner _____ she had promised us.A. thatB. whichC. asD. what18. They stayed with me for three weeks, _____ they drank all the wine I had.A. whichB. which timeC. during whichD. during which time19. She was dressed in the same way _____ she was when I saw her last time.A. thatB. asC. onceD. in which20. The fire started on the first floor of the hospital, _____ patients are mostly elderly people.A. itsB. whichC. whoseD. their21. The company official _____ I thought would be fired received a raise.A. whomB. whoeverC. whoD. of whom22. Alec asked the policeman _____ he worked to contact him whenever there was an accident.A. with himB. whoC. whomD. with whom23. We are living in an age _____ many things are done on computer.A. at whichB. thatC. whenD. which24. The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% _____ are sold abroad.A. whichB. which ofC. of whichD. of that25. The road conditions there turned out to be very good, _____ was more than we could expect.A. itB. whichC. whatD. that26. He’s such a good teacher _____ we all love and respect.A. thatB. as C who D. whom27. Today, more and more people are concerned about the way _____ the environment is being destroyed.A. whichB. in thatC. in whichD. how28. The old man finally got a chance to visit the school, _____ he used to study, _____ he had beendreaming of for years.A. that…whichB. where…thatC. in which…whatD. where…which29. This is the least interesting book _____ during my holidays.A. that I have ever read itB. what I have ever readC. I have ever readD. which I have ever read30. The result is not the same _____ they had expected, _____ was rather disappointing.A. which…asB. as... thatC. that…whichD. as…which31. We interviewed the old lady, _____ had been killed in the air crash last week.A. whose all childrenB. all her childrenC. all of her childrenD. all of whose children32. There are altogether eleven books on the shelf, _____ are mine.A. of which fiveB. in which fiveC. five of whichD. A & C33. ---Is this dictionary _____ you want to buy?---Yes, this is the very dictionary _____ I need.A. which…thatB. the one…whichC. the one…/D. the one that…which34. I’ll give you my friend’s home address, _______ I can be reached most evenings.A. whichB. whenC. whomD. where35. The friendship is like health, _____ is seldom known until it is lost.A. its valueB. the value of itC. the value of whichD. whose the value36. I can think of many cases _____ students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions butcouldn’t write a good essay.A. whichB. in whichC. whereD. B & C37. The artist _____ the judge gave a prize is the teacher _____ I have been taught painting for two years.A. from whom…by whomB. to whom…whoC. to whom…by whomD. from whom…who38. American women usually identify their best friend as someone _____ they can talk frequently.A. whoB. asC. about whichD. with whom39. Last night I took a taxi, _____ took me straight home.A. and itB. itC. whichD. A & C40. I shall never forget the days _____ I lived in the countryside with the farmers, _____ has a great effecton my life.A. when…thatB. when…whenC. when…whichD. which…which41. The town _____ you visited last month is the one _____ Einstein was born.A. where…whereB. which…whichC. that…whereD. that...which42. He’s got himself into a dangerous situation _____ he is likely to lose control over the plane.A. whereB. whichC. at whichD. in that43. Tom’s mother kept telling that he should work harder, _____ didn’t help.A. but itB. asC. whichD. A & C44. I’m looking for a present for my mother’s birthday, _____ she can use and at a reasonable price.A. thatB. oneC. whatD. which45. There isn’t much _____ I can do, _____ makes me disappointed.A. that…whichB. which…thatC. that…thatD. which…which46. That e-book is no larger than an ordinary book with a screen _____ you can read novels.A. in whichB. thatC. whereD. of which47. "Who moved my cheese?”, _____ is a best-selling book, is written by Spencer Johnson.A. whichB. thatC. itD. whose48. Shirley said that she would have a two-week holiday in July, _____ I think, is impossible.A. itB. thatC. whenD. which49. It was an exciting moment for these football fans this year, _____ for the first time in years their teamwon the World Cup.A. thatB. whichC. whenD. while50. I was so angry at all _____ he was doing _____ I walked out.A. that…thatB. which…thatC. which…whichD. /…which51. The moment he set his foot in the new country, to his great surprise, he was surrounded by friendlypeople_____ he could turn for help.A. from whomB. to whomC. on whomD. by whom52. It was not until Mum agreed to take her to KFC, _____ was her favorite, _____ the spoilt girl stoppedcrying.A. that…thatB. that…whichC. which…thatD. which…which53. You can use a large plastic bottle, _____ cut off, as a pot to grow flowers in. Which is wrong?A. the top of which isB. whose top isC. its top isD. with its to54. The British are not so familiar with different cultures and ways of doing things, ______is often thecase in other countries.A. thatB. soC. whatD. as55. Keep the drug _____ is out of children reach.A. in a place whereB. whereC. in a place whichD. in which56. When we talk about the cities in United States, the first _____ comes into our mind is New York.A. oneB. cityC. thatD. which57. He arrived in Shanghai in 2003, _____, some time later, he became a teacher.A. whenB. whereC. thatD. which58. The challenge is to create a system, _____ the farmers can teach the world about plant medicine.A. whereB. whichC. whenD. for which59. Jogging on the road was one of the reasons _____ 21 people, including 20 students and 1 teacher, diedand another 16 were injured in the accident in Shanxi Province.A. becauseB. whichC. for whichD. how60. It was in the Beihai Park, _____ they made a date for the first time _____ the old couple told us their love story.A. where…thatB. that…whereC. that…thatD. where…when定语从句Key1. BDCDB 6. CBBAC 11. CCDCD 16. CCDBC 21. CDCCB 26. BCDCD 31. DDCDC 36. DCDDC 41. CADB A 46.CADC A 51.BCCDC 56. CBACA。
高考英语定语从句知识点全集汇编及答案解析一、选择题1．I am looking forward to the day ________ my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.A．as B．why C．when D．where2．I’ve come to the point____I can’t stand her arguing any longer.A．why B．which C．that D．where3．The background music is such wonderful music _______ is played in the background to put you in a particular mood.A．what B．that C．as D．which4．We all have times of insecurity in life, _____ there is nothing to do but bravely face the feelings of doubt.A．which B．when C．where D．that5．He bought a new building _____top is different from those of the others around.A．what B．which C．that D．whose6．5G is an exciting mobile technology, ________ will give a massive boost to smart cities and vehicles.A．where B．when C．that D．which7．—How did you find your way here？—It was by following the travel brochure _____ the route is clearly clarified.A．that B．how C．where D．which8．My brother bought a telescope, ______ he could study the star in the night sky.A．of which B．through which C．in which D．on which9．The students in Shanghai are using the same textbooks _______ we are now using.A．as B．that C．which D．whose10．The beautiful dress _______ Miss Jones went to the ball was borrowed from a friend of hers. A．that B．which C．in which D．wearing which 11．He pointed out such a crucial detail about the experiment ______ we could never neglect. A．as B．that C．where D．when12．Many nurses, ______ were retired, headed for affected areas to help.A．most of which B．most of whomC．most of them D．most of who13．You were really between a rock and a hard place ______ you had to choose between your career and your relationship.A．when B．where C．before D．until14．The other two areas ________ the two varieties differ are spelling and pronunciation.A．in that B．from which C．with which D．in which 15．Occasions are quite rare ____ I have the time to spend a day with my kids.A．who B．which C．why D．when16．I don't think he is the suitable person，for he____experience，____is essential for the job. A．lacks；which B．lacking；as C．lacks of；which D．lacked；that17．Even Amundsen was moved by Scott's death saying "Captain Scott left a record, for honesty, sincerity, for bravery, for everything _______makes a man".A．that B．which C．who D．不填18．John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of _______are family members. A．who B．which C．whom D．what19．The anti-epidemic fight is like a time-limited race _______ all medical care personnel make every effort to people's lives.A．that B．when C．which D．where20．You might be trapped in an elevator emergency, in _____ case you should stay calm and call for help.A．that B．which C．whose D．its21．This is the last factory ________ he used to work at, many workers of _______ still have a good relationship with him.A．/; it B．which; whom C．/; which D．which; that 22．The students ________ parents work in the USA speak English very well.A．whose B．theirC．whom D．who23．A good advertisement often uses words ________people attach positive meanings.A．that B．which C．with which D．to which24．I'm glad to introduce Mr.Smith to you,without______my experiment would have ended in failure.A．whom help me B．his help C．whose help D．who help 25．Allen is good at seizing every opportunity ____ he thinks he can show his best self to others. A．when B．that C．where D．which【参考答案】***试卷处理标记，请不要删除一、选择题1．C解析：C【解析】【分析】【详解】考查定语从句。
在复合句中充当定语的从句叫定语从句。
定语从句的作用相当于形容词，用来修饰主句中的某一名词或代词或整个主句，所以，也称作形容词性从句。
被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。
在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的词叫关系词。
关系词有关系代词和关系副词两种。
提示：关系词在定语从句中有三大作用1. 连接作用——连接先行词和定语从句。
I I . 我把我所有的钱都给了她。
（连接先特词和定语从句I ）2. 替代作用——在定语从句中替代从句所修饰的先行词。
a . 住在隔壁的那个人是个名师。
（替代）3. 成分作用——在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语或状语。
I . 我喜欢传统的中国画。
（在定语从句中作主语）一、关系代词引导的定语从句引导定语从句的关系代词主要有, , , , 等。
它们分别代替前面的先行词，并在定语从句中作主语、宾语或定语。
A．指人，在定语从句中作主语。
借钱给你的那人叫什么名字？（定语从句修饰先行词）. 谁笑到最后谁笑得最好。
（定语从句修饰先行词）会议主席坐在我右边，他先发言。
（定语从句修饰先行词）B．指人，在定语从句中做宾语。
在口语或非正式文体中，可省略或可用来代替，但在介词后面以与在非限制性定语从句中只能用。
有些人我们是喜欢的，有些人则是我们讨厌的。
（定语从句分别修饰先行词, ）I .和我一起工作的人都很友好。
（定语从句修饰先行词）. , I , .. , I , .昨晚我在里和卡特先生交谈过，他对我们的计划很感兴趣。
（非限制性定语从句中不能用代替）, I , .两个人来到我的办公室，我以前从未见过他们。
（在介词后面不用）C．人、物皆可，做定语，后面要紧跟被修饰的名词，先行词和后面的名词之间往往是从属关系。
有些人，他们的脸你永远难以忘怀。
（定语从句修饰先行词）I .我看见一些树的树叶由于空气污染而发黑。
（定语从句修饰行词）D．1．指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语。
做宾语时常可省略。
定语从句第1讲相关概念考点1. 主句、从句、关系词主句：在含有定语从句的复合句中，除去定语从句后的部分，是句子的主句。
定语从句：相当于形容词，修饰主句中的一个名词或代词，相当于主句的一个定语先行词：先行词就是被定语从句修饰的名词等，它总是出现在定语从句的前面。
关系词：关系词指用来引导定语从句的词，分为关系代词和关系副词。
关系词的三个作用1. 作定语从句的一个句子成分。
2. 起着连接主句和从句的作用。
3. 代指被修饰的先行词。
考点2. 关系代词①指人时可以用who, 也可用that。
Do you know the boy who/that is my desk mate?The man who/that was killed in the accident is Tom’s uncle.②指物时可以用which, 也可用that：I like visiting places which/that are not far away.How do you like the film which/that was shown last Sunday.③whose可以指人也可以指物He was a painter whose pictures were not well-known in his life time.The dog whose tail is very short is my neighbor’s.④关系代词作宾语时可以省略：I like the meal (that/which)we had last night.Do you know the boy (who/whom/that)we talked about just now?考点3. 关系副词关系副词在从句中只能作状语。
when 指时间，where指地点，why指原因，how 不能作关系词。
例如：①We will put off the picnic until next week when the weather may be better.②He has reached the point where a change is needed.③That is no reason why you should leave.④This is the way how I did it. (how不能作关系词)基础过关：1. 用合适的关系词完成句子。
2020全国高考汇编之定语从句一（2020 安徽卷）22. The exact year ________ AngeIa and her family SPellt togetherin China WaS 2008.A.WhenB. WhereC. WhyD. WhiCh【考点】考察左语从句【答案】D【解析】本题定语从句的先行词是the exact year,后而的宦语从句AngeIa and her family SPent together in China中动词SPent后面缺少宾语,所以使用关系代词WhiCh引导这个龙语从句，并在句中做宾语。
Where的先行词通常是指地点的名词，关系副词When的先行词通常是表示时间的塔词，Why的先行词是the reason。
ABC三项通常在句中做状语。
Which 在定语从句里做主语，宾语或者表语。
句义：Angela和他的家人一起在中国度假确切是在2008年。
故D正确。
【试题延伸】泄语从句的考査主要就是考査关系词的辨析，关系代词that, which, whose, whom, as. WhO在句中做主语,宾语，表语或者定语;where, why, When在句中做状语。
要分析句子成分，看缺少什么成分，就选用相应的关系词。
【举一反三】BetWeen the two PartS Of the ConCert is an interval, _______ the audience Can buy ice-cream.A. WhenB. WhereC. thatD. WhiCh【答案】A【考点】考査定语从句。
【解析】句意：音乐会的两大构成部分中间有幕间休息时间，在这段时间里观众可以去买冰激凌。
When引导的宦语从句修饰an interval, When在从句中作时间状语。
首先解析句子结构，判断从句类型，题「说“在音乐会中间有间歇，此时你可以买冰激凌。
”题「的前半部分完整无缺,后半部分补充说明这个间歇你可以干的事，所以这是一个非限定性左语从句, 先行词为interval,非限定性圧语从句的功能就是对先行词进行补充说明。
2020 年高考英语真题/模拟题+答案+解析（名词性从句、状语从句、定语从句）一、2020 年高考真题1、（2020 天津高考真题）The student completed this experiment to make come true __________ Professor Joseph hadsaid.A. thatB. whatC. whenD. where【答案】B【解析】考查名词性从句。
句意：为了使约瑟夫教授所说的成为现实，这个学生完成了这个实验。
_________ Professor Joseph had said 作make 的宾语从句，该从句中，空处在从句中作said 的宾语，表示”..所说的话”，因此应用what 引导该从句。
故选B。
2、（2020 新课标Ⅲ卷高考真题）In ancient China lived an artist 61 paintings were almost lifelike.【答案】whose【解析】考查定语从句。
句意：中国古代有一位画家，他的画几乎栩栩如生。
此处为定语从句修饰先行词artist，且先行词在从句中作定语，故应用关系代词whose。
故填whose。
3、（2020 江苏高考真题）Many lessons are now available online, from __________ students can choose for free.A.whoseB. whichC. whenD. whom【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句。
句意：许多课程现在都可以在网上找到，学生们可以从中免费选择。
此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词是many lessons，关系词在从句中做介词from 的宾语，应使用关系代词which 引导。
故选B。
4、（2020 江苏高考真题）It is not a problem __________ we can win the battle; it’s just a matter of time.A. whetherB. whyC. whenD. where【答案】A【解析】考查主语从句。
高中英语语法基础——定语从句知识点归纳讲解（附同步练习）★先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
通常情况下，引导词前面的名词即为从句的先行词。
★关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
也可以称作引导词。
①关系代词：who，whom，which，that，whose，as，在从句内作主语、宾语等名词性成分。
②关系副词：when，where，why在从句内作状语。
（一）. 使用who、whom、which、that的定语从句1. whoThis is the boy who plays basketball very well.This is the teacher who is teaching us English.▲who 指人, 在从句中作主语。
2. whomThis is the boy (whom) I often help.The man is our headmaster (whom) you met just now.I met the girl (whom) you often praise.▲whom 指人,在从句中作宾语, 可省略。
3. whichThis is the farm which keeps many cows.This is the farm (which ) I visit every year.▲which 指事物, 在从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时可省略。
4. that以上三种情况均可用that。
指人或指物，可作主语和宾语，作宾语时可省略。
（二）. 使用whose的定语从句Do you know the girl whose father is mayor.I used to work in an office whose window faces north.I work in a school whose students are excellent.▲whose 指人或物的所属关系，表示“某人的”或“某物的”。
专题14 名词性从句——精讲深剖真题速递一．单句语法填空1.（2019全国卷I）While they are rare north of 88°,there is evidence they range all the way across the Arctic,and as far south as James Bay in Canada.【答案】that【解析】考查同位语从句。
根据句子结构分析可知，主句为there be句型，且结构完整，空格后为同位语从句，解释说明中心词evidence的内容，故填that。
2. （2018全国卷III）I'm not sure 61 is more frightened，me or the female gorilla (大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere.【答案】who【解析】考查宾语从句。
句意：我不确定谁受到了更大的惊吓，是我还是那只不知从何处突然出现的雌性大猩猩。
根据句意和句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，在从句中作主语，表示“谁”，故填who。
二．单项选择1.（2019江苏卷）Scientists have obtained more evidence ___________ plastic is finding its way into the human body.A. whatB. thatC. whichD. where【答案】B【解析】考查同位语从句。
句意：科学家已经获得更多证据，塑料正在进入人们的体内。
从句不缺句子成分，且与evidence指代的是同一事件，用that引导同位语从句。
故选B。
2.（2018江苏卷）By boat is the only way to get here, which is _______ we arrived.A. whereB. whenC. whyD. how【答案】D【解析】考查名词性从句。
专题12定语从句——精讲深剖1.（2019·江苏卷·单项填空）We have entered into an age _______ dreams have the best chance of coming true.A. whichB. whatC. whenD. that【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句。
句意：我们已经进入到了一个时代，在这个时代梦想实现的机会最大。
句中先行词为an age（一个时代），且先行词在从句中做时间状语，所以关系词用when。
故选C。
2.（2019·天津卷·单项填空）11.Their child is at the stage__________ she can say individual words but not full sentences.A. whyB. whereC. whichD. what【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句。
句意：他们的孩子正处于能说单个单词而不能说完整句子的阶段。
句中she can say individual words but not full sentences是一个定语从句，先行词是the stage，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where，故选B。
3.(2019·新课标I卷·短文改错)One afternoon where I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground.【答案】One afternoon wherewhenI was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground.【解析】考查定语从句。
先行词one afternoon表示时间在定语从句中作状语，所以关系词使用when。
故将where改为when。
4.(2019·新课标II卷·语法填空)Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield，______ she opened with her late husband Les.【答案】where【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。
分析句子结构可知，先行词为the pet shop，在非限制性定语从句中作opened 一词的宾语，故用which。
5.(2019·新课标III卷·语法填空)They were well trained by their masters ______ had great experience with caring for these animals.真题速递【答案】who【解析】考查定语从句。
句意：它们被他们的主人训练地很好，它们的主人在照顾这些动物方面很有经验。
先行词为masters（主人），且从句缺主语。
故关系词填who。
6.（2019·新课标III卷·短文改错) In the cafe, customers will enjoy themselves in the historical environment what is created for them.【答案】In the cafe, customers will enjoy themselves in the historical environment is created for them.【解析】本句考查定语从句。
先行词environment 在从句中做主语，指物，关系代词用that/which。
故把what 改为that/which。
7.(2019·浙江卷·语法填空）On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth ______gives off light in the dark.【答案】that/which【解析】考查定语从句。
这是个限制性定语从句，先行词是cloth，指物，从句中缺少主语，因此，可以用that 或which引导。
故填that/which。
8.（2019·北京卷·语法填空）What students do at college seems to matter much more than ___8___ they go.【答案】where【解析】考查宾语从句。
句意：学生在大学里做什么似乎比去哪里（哪所大学）更重要。
这里表达去哪所大学，表示地点，作状语。
故用where。
9.（2019·北京卷·语法填空）The students benefiting most from college are those ______ are totally engaged(参与)in academic life.【答案】who/that【解析】考查定语从句。
句意：从大学中获益最多的学生是那些完全投入学术生活的学生。
___3___ are totally engaged(参与)in academic life.是定语从句，修饰先行词those，空格处在句中作主语，代指人，故填who或that。
10.（2018·北京）She and her family bicycle to work, _________ helps them keep fit.A. whichB. whoC. asD. that【答案】A【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。
句意：她和家人骑自行车去上班，这有助于她们保持健康。
“____ helps them keep fit”是非限制性定语从句，该从句修饰整个主句，引导词在从句中做主语，故该从句应用关系代词which引导。
A选项正确。
点睛：非限制性定语从句即可修饰主句的一部分，也可以修饰整个主句。
其引导词的选择和限制性定语从句的判断规则一致，即：第一、找准先行词；第二、看先行词在定语从句中所作的成分。
需要注意的是，that不能引导非限制性定语从句。
11.（2018·天津）Kate, _________sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia.A. whomB. thatC. whoseD. her【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句关系词。
句意：凯特已经去澳大利亚工作了。
我们在大学的时候，我和她的姐姐共住一室。
分析句子，句中先行词为Kate，在非限定性定语从句中作名词sister的定语，故用关系代词whose。
故选C。
点睛：本题考查定语从句。
定语从句是高考重点考查知识之一，分析定语从句需抓住两点：1.找准先行词；2.看先行词在从句中所作的成分。
抓住这两点，再根据句意，从而能够判断出正确的关系词。
12.(2018·江苏)Self-driving is an area _______ China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.A. thatB. whereC. whichD. when【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句。
句意：自动驾驶是一个中国和世界其它国家都在同一起跑线的领域。
句中先行词为area，在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where，相当于in which。
故选B。
点睛：本题考查定语从句。
定语从句是高考重点考查知识之一，分析定语从句需抓住两点：1.找准先行词。
2.看先行词在从句中所作的成分。
抓住这两点，再根据句意，从而能够判断出正确的关系词。
13.(2018·新课标I卷·语法填空)Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 66 showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes. 【答案】that或which【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。
此处a study是先行词，其在定语从句中作主语，故填that或which。
14.(2018·新课标I卷·短文改错)They also had a small pond which they raised fish. My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by selling the fish.【答案】which改成in which或where【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。
他们还有一个小池塘，里面养着鱼。
此处a small pond是先行词，其在面的定语从句中作地点状语，故用in which或where。
15.(2018·新课标II卷·语法填空)The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government started a soil-testing program ______ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.【答案】that或which【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。
根据空后的谓语动词gives可知，该空缺少主语，指代program并且引导后面的句子。
指物用that/which，故填that或者which。
16.（2018·新课标II卷·语法填空)Many westerners come to China cook much less than in their own countriesonce they realize how cheap it can be to eat out.【答案】that或who【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。
句中包含定语从句，先行词是westerners指人，在定语从句中做主语，用关系代词who/that引导，故填who/that。
考纲解读定语从句是高考的热点，主要考查关系代词和关系副词的正确运用，特别是它们在非限制性定语从句中的运用。
