职称英语考试《理工类》历年真题精选及答案0513-17

职称英语考试《理工类》历年真题精选及答案0513-11、How to Interview PeopleInterviewing (采访) is one of those skills that you can only get better at. You will never again feel so ill at ease when you try it for the first time, and probably you'll never feel entirely comfortable trying to get from another person answers that he or she may be too shy to reveal. ______ The rest is instinct, which can all be learned with experience.The basic tools for an interview are paper and two or three well-sharpened pencils. But keep your notebook or paper out of sight until you need it. There's nothing less likely to relax a person than the arrival of someone with a note-taking pad. Both of you need time to get to know each other. Take a while just to chat, judging what sort of person you're dealing with, getting him or her to trust you.Never go into an interview without doing whatever homework you can. If you are interviewing a town official, know his voting record. If it's an actor, know what plays he has been in. You willnot be liked if you inquire about facts that you could have learned in advance.Many beginning interviewers are afraid that they are forcing the other person to answer questions and have no right to inquire about his personal secrets. This fear is almost 103 percent unnecessary. Unless the person really hates being interviewed, he is delighted that somebody wants to interview him. Most men and women lead lives that are uninteresting, and they grasp any chance to talk to an outsider who seems eager to listen.This doesn't necessarily mean that it will go well. In general you will be talking to people who have never been interviewed before, and they will get used to the process awkwardly, perhaps not giving you anything that you can use. Come back another day; it will go better. You will both even begin to enjoy it-proof that you aren't forcing your victim to do something he doesn't really want to.【单选题】e back another day; it will go better.B.But at least half of the skill is mechanical.C.As one philosopher interviewed in the film notes, they lack irony.D.You will not be liked if you inquire about facts that you could have learned in advance.E.This fear is almost 100 percent unnecessary.F.Both of you need time to get to know each other.正确答案:B答案解析:空句后面有“rest”，其余的就是直觉“instinct”，需要后天从经历中总结出来，所以空句毫无疑问讲的是另外一种情况，所以B就显而易见为正确答案了。

职称英语考试《理工类》历年真题精选及答案0513-111、Meet Your MemoryMemory is something that cannot be seen, touched or weighed. It is thought to be abstract. It is a set of skills rather than an object. Neither is there a single standard for judging a good or poor memory. There are a number of different ways in which a person may have a "good" memory.Memory is generally viewed as consisting of three stages: (1) acquisition refers to learning the material; (2) storage refers to keeping the material in the blain until it is needed; and (3) retrieval (提取) refers to getting the material back out when it is needed.Memory consists of at least two different processes: short-term memory and long-term memory. Short-term memory has a limited capacity and a rapid forgetting rate. Its capacity can be increased by chunking (组成大块), or grouping separate bits of information into larger chunks. Long-term memory has analmost unlimited capacity.One measure of memory is recall, which requires you to produce information by searching the memory for it. In aided recall, you are given cues (提示) to help you produce the information. In free-recall learning, you recall the material in any order; in serial learning, you recall it in the order it was presented; and in paired-associate learning, you learn pairs of words so that when the first word is given, you can recall the second word. A second measure of memory is recognition in which you do not have to produce the information from memory, but must be able to identify it when it is presented to you. In a third measure of memory, relearning, the difference between how long it took to learn the material the first time and how long it takes to learn it again indicates how much you remember. Relearning is generally a more sensitive measure of memory than is recognition because relearning shows retention (保持) while recognition does not. Recognition is generally a more sensitive measure than recall.Paragraph 2 ______.【单选题】A.Why do we forget things?B.How do we measure memory?C.What are the stages memory consists of?D.What is the difference between short-term memory and long-term memory?E.What is memory?F.Who may have a poor memory?正确答案:C答案解析:第二段只有一句话，主要讲述了记忆的形成主要包括三个阶段，即获得、储存和提取。

职称英语考试《理工类》历年真题精选及答案0513-61、A special educationVideodisc holds great promise of helping to meet the needs of American schoolchildren who have problems seeing, hearing, speaking, or socializing. Almost eleven percent of the students aged 3-21 in this country have an impairment that affects their ability to benefit from a regular education program. Handicapped students require special education because they are often markedly different from most children in one or more of the following ways: mentally retarded (发展迟缓的) learning-disabled, emotionally disturbed, deaf, visually handicapped, physically handicapped, or other health impairments. The education of these handicapped children is rewarding but challenging.A special education student usually needs a longer period of time to acquire information. Repetitive teaching techniques are often beneficial, and indefatigable (孜孜不倦) consistency on the part of the teacher is frequently necessary. Interactive videodisc courseware has characteristics that can be capitalizedupon to meet the challenges that special education poses. A videodisc program is infinitely patient. Repetition of any videodisc lesson can continue endlessly, and designers can assure absolute consistency within a program. Most important, according to special educator William Healey of the University of Arizona, is that videodisc "adds an extra dimension of realism for children who need graphic representations."Healey explained that deaf and mentally retarded children especially have difficulty grasping figurative language and higher-order language concepts. He believes that for special education, the power of videodisc lies in the ability of the technology to visually represent language concepts normally taken for granted by non-handicapped persons. Complex figurative language forms such as idioms and metaphors come most readily to mind as being difficult for handicapped learners.A videodisc courseware is beneficial to those who have study difficulties because______【单选题】A.its fancy design is very attractiveB.it allows the user to go back to where he wants to restudyC.the content of it is healthy and promisingD.it is developed by university professors正确答案:B答案解析:文章第2段第2句指出，残疾儿童往往需要老师不厌其烦地反复教导，接着谈到互动式影碟课件可以不断地重放课程，由此推断，影碟课件使学习有困难的学生能够回放他们想再次学习的课程，故选B。

职称英语考试《理工类》章节练习题精选及答案0517-121、Arctic MeltEarth's North and South Poles are famous for being cold and icy. Last year, however, the amount of ice in the Arctic Ocean (北冰群) fell to a record low.Normally, ice builds in Arctic waters around the North Pole each winter and shrinks(缩小) during the summer. But for many years, the amount of ice left by the end of summer has been declining.Since 1979, each decade has seen an 11.4 percent drop in end of summer ice cover. Between 1981 and 2000, ice in the Arctic lost 22 percent of its thickness, becoming 1.13 meters thinner. Last summer, Arctic sea ice reached its thinnest levels. By the end of summer 2007, the ice had shrunk to cover just 4.2 million square kilometers. That's 38 percent less area than the average cover at that time of year. And it's a very large 23percent below the previous record low, which was set just 2 years ago. This continuing trend has made scientists concerned to.There may be several reasons for the ice melt, says Jinlun Zhang, an oceanographer (海洋学家)at the University of Washington in Seattle. Unusually strong winds blew through the Arctic last summer. The winds pushed much of the ice out of the central Arctic, leaving a large area of thin ice and open water. Scientists also suspect that fewer clouds cover the Arctic now than in the past. Clearer skies allow more sunlight to reach the ocean. The extra heat warms both the water and the atmosphere. In parts of the Arctic Ocean last year, surface temperatures were 3.57 Celsius warmer than the average and 1.5c warmer than the previous record.With both air and water getting warmer, the ice is melting from both above and below. In some parts of the Beaufort Sea, north of Alaska and western Canada, ice that measured 3.3 meters thick at the beginning of the summer was measured just 50 cm by season's endThe new measurements suggest that melting is far more severe than the thinking of scientists. Some scientists fear that the Arctic is stuck in a warming trend.The word "builds" in paragraph 2 could be best replaced by ______【单选题】A.establishesB.expandsC.createsD.constructs正确答案:B答案解析:本题难度不大，文章此处build的引申意义指“（冰层）加厚”，选项中expands是其近义解释，答案是B。

职称英语考试《理工类》章节练习题精选及答案0517-1281、Animal＇s "Sixth Sense"A tsunami was triggered by an earthquake in the Indian Ocean in December, 2004. It killed tens of thousands of people in Asia and East Africa, Wild animals, however, seem to have escaped that terrible tsunami. This phenomenon adds weight to notions that they possess a "sixth sense" for disasters, experts said.Sri Lankan Wildlife officials have said the giant waves that killed over 24,000 people along the Indian Ocean island＇s coast clearly missed wild beasts, with no dead animals found."No elephants are dead, not ______ a dead rabbit. I think animals can sense disaster. They have a sixth sense. They know when things are happening" H. D. Ratnayake, deputy director of Sri Lanka＇s Wildlife Department, said about one month after the tsunami attack. The waves washed floodwaters up to 2 miles inland at Yala National Park in the ravaged southeast, Sri Lanka＇s biggest wildlife reserve and home to hundreds of wild elephants and several leopards."There has been a lot of scientific evidence about dogs barking or birds migrating before volcanic eruptions or earthquakes. But it has not been proven," said Matthew van Lierop, an animal behavior assistant at Johannesburg Zoo. "There have been no specialist studies because you can＇t really test it in a lab or field setting," he told Reuters. Other authorities concurred with this assessmetn."Wildlife seem to be able to pick up certain phenmenon, especially birds. There are many reports of birds detecting impending disasters," said Clive Walker, who has written several books on African wildlife.Animals certainly rely on the known senses such as smell or hearing to avoid danger such as predators. The notion of an animal "sixth sense" -or some other mythical power-is an enduring one which the evidence on Sri Lanka＇s ravaged coast is likely to add to. The Romans saw owls as omens of impending disaster and many ancient cultures viewed elephants as sacred animals endowed with special powers or attributes.【单选题】A.suchB.tooC.soD.even正确答案:D答案解析:从上下文判断，本句的意思应该是：没有大象死亡，甚至连一只兔子也没有死亡。

职称英语考试《理工类》历年真题精选及答案0513-151、If headaches only occur at night, lack of fresh air is often the cause.【单选题】A.deliverB.fallC.happenD.arrive正确答案:C答案解析:题干大意：如果只是晚上头疼，那是因为缺氧。

画线词occur：发生。

选项中，happen：发生，和画线词一样都是不及物动词，因此可替换。

deliver：传递。

如：No time to chat. Urgent messages to deliver. 没有时间闲聊。

有紧急信息要传送。

fall：落下，跌倒。

如：They might bump into things or fall over objects. 他们有可能撞到或跌倒在某些物体上。

arrive：到达。

如：Remember to call us when you arrive. 记得到达后给我们打电话。

2、Strike in MTV NetworksScores of workers from MTV Networks walked off the job yesterday afternoon, filling the sidewalk outside the headquarters of its corporate parent, Viacom, to protest recent changes in benefits. The walkout highlighted the concerns of a category of workers who are sometimes called permalancers：permanent freelancers who work like full-time employees but do not receive the same benefits.Waving signs that read "Shame on Viacom", the workers, most of them in their 20s, demanded that MTV Networks reverse a plan to reduce health and dental benefits for freelancers beginning Jan. 1. In a statement, MTV Networks noted that its benefits program for full-time employees had also undergone changes, and it emphasized that the plan for freelancers was still highly competitive within the industry. Many freelancersreceive no corporate benefits. But some of the protesters asserted that corporations were competing to see which could provide the most mediocre health care coverage. Matthew Yonda, who works at Nickelodeon, held a sign that labeled the network "Sick-elodeon". "I've worked here every day for three years-I'm not a freelancer," Mr. Yonda said. "They just call us freelancers in order to bar us from getting the same benefits as employees."The changes to the benefits package were announced last Tuesday. Freelancers were told that they would become eligible for benefits after 160 days of work, beginning in January. While that eased previous eligibility rules, which required freelancers to work for 52 weeks before becoming eligible, it would have required all freelancers not yet eligible for benefits to start the waiting period over again on Jan. 1. The 401 (k) plan was also removed On Thursday, acknowledging the complaints, MTV Networks reinstated the 401 (k) plan and said freelancers who had worked consistently since March would be eligible. Fueled by a series of blog posts on the media web site Gawker-the first post was headlined "The Viacom Permalance Slave System" -a loose cohort of freelancers created protest stickers and distributed walkout fliers last week. Caroline O'Hare, a unit manager who has worked for MTV for more thantwo years, said the new health care plan-with higher deductibles and a $ 2,000 cap on hospital expenses each year-had provoked outrage. "They think they can treat us like children that don't have families, mortgages or dreams of retirement," she said.Outside Viacom's headquarters, several workers held posters with the words, "There's too many of us to ignore." It was unclear how many freelancers are on the company's payroll; an MTV Networks spokeswoman said the figure was not known because it rises and falls throughout the year. The company has 5,500 full-time employees, excluding freelancers, around the world.Two freelancers and one full-time employee, who asked not to be identified for fear of retribution, estimated that the percentage of freelancers in some departments exceeded 75 percent. Another labor action is expected to take place outside Viacom later this week. Members of the Writers Guild of America, who have been on strike for five weeks, are expected to picket there on Thursday.The MTV Networks spokeswoman did not provide the number of freelancers on the payroll mostly probably because ______. 【单选题】A.the figure fluctuates throughout the year and it is impossible to calculate the precise numberB.the company wants to keep it as a secret so as to better stand the protestC.the company has no record of the freelancers since there is no such necessityD.the company does not want to provide the freelancers with benefits enjoyed by the full-time employee正确答案:B答案解析:细节考查题。

职称英语考试《理工类》历年真题精选及答案0513-131、The Threat to KiribatiThe people of Kiribati are afraid that one day in the not-too-distant future, their country will disappear from the face of the earth-literally. Several times this year, the Pacific island nation has been flooded by a sudden high tide. These tides, which swept across the island and destroyed houses, came when there was neither wind nor rain. "This never happened before," say the older citizens of Kiribati.What is causing these mysterious high tides? The answer may well be global warming. When fuels like oil and coal are being burned, pollutants (污染物) are released. These pollutants trap heat in the earth's atmosphere. Warmer temperatures cause water to expand and also create more water by melting glaciers (冰川) and polar (极地的) ice caps.If the trend continues, scientists say, many countries will suffer, Bangladesh, for example, might lose one-fifth of its land. Thecoral (珊瑚) island nations of the Pacific, like Kiribati and the Marshall Islands, however, would face an even worse fate-they would be swallowed by the sea. The loss of these coral islands would be everyone's loss. Coral formations are home to more species than any other place on earth.The people of these nations feel frustrated. The sea, on which their economies have always been based, is suddenly threatening their existence. They don't have the money for expensive technological solutions like seawalls. And they have no control over the pollutants, which are being released mainly by activities in large industrialized countries. All they can do is to hope that industrialized countries will take steps to reduce pollution.The coral island nations of the Pacific have a long history of civilization.【单选题】A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned正确答案:C答案解析:题干大意：太平洋的珊瑚岛国有很长的文明历史。

职称英语考试《理工类》历年真题精选及答案0513-81、Cell Phone Lets Your Secret OutYour cell phone holds secrets about you. Besides the names and numbers that you've programmed into it, traces of your DNA linger on the device, according to a new study.DNA is genetic material that appears in every cell. Like your fingerprint, your DNA is unique to you-because you have an identical twin. Scientists today routinely analyze DNA in blood, saliva, or hair left behind at the scene of a crime. The results often help detectives identify criminals and their victims. Your cell phone can reveal more about you than you might think. Meghan J. McFadden, a scientist at McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario, heard about a crime in which the suspect bled onto a cell phone and later dropped the device. This made her wonder whether traces of DNA lingered on cell phones even when no blood was involved. ______ she and colleague Margaret Wallace of the City University of New York analyzed the flip open phones of 10 volunteers. They used swabs tocollect invisible traces of the users from two parts of the phone: the outside, where the user holds it, and the speaker, which is placed at the user's ear.The scientists scrubbed the phones using a solution made mostly of alcohol. The aim of washing was to remove all detectable traces of DNA. The owners got their phones back for another week. Then the researchers collected the phones and repeated the swabbing of each phone once more.The scientists discovered DNA that belonged to the phone's speaker on each of the phones. Better samples were collected from the outside of each phone, those swabs also picked up DNA that belonged to other people who had apparently also handled the phone. Surprisingly, DNA showed up even in swabs that were taken immediately after the phones were scrubbed. That suggests that washing won't remove all traces of evidence from a criminal's device. So cell phones can now be added to the list of clues that can clinch a crime scene investigation.【单选题】A.HoweverB.SoC.ButD.Nevertheless正确答案:B答案解析:四个选项中只有B是正确选择，连接了其前后两个句子，使其形成因果关系：她思考微量DNA是否会停留在手机上，所以，她与同事们一起对10名志愿者的翻盖手机进行了分析研究。

职称英语理工真题附答案解析2017年职称英语理工真题附答案解析学者观书，每见每知新意则学进矣。

以下是店铺为大家搜索整理的2017年职称英语理工真题附答案解析，希望能给大家带来帮助!第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1.I grabbed his arm and made him turn to look at me.A.seizedB.threwC.brokeD.stretched2.Traffic reaches its rush hour between 8:00 and 9:00 in the morning.A.borderB.goalC.peakD.level3.It seemed incredible that he had been there a week already.A.rightB.obviousC.unbelievableD.unclear4.I tried to detach myself from the reality of these terrible events.A.bringB.separateC.putD.set5.We found shelter from the rain under the trees.A.defenseB.standingC.protectionD.room6.This was an unexceptionally brutal attack.A.openB.cruelC.suddenD.direct7.She gets aggressive when she is drunk.A.worriedB.sleepyC.offensiveD.anxious8.We have to change the public’s perception that money is everything.A.sightB.beliefC.interestD.pressure9.The odd thing was that he didn’t recognize me.A.realB.wholeC.strangeD.same10.He was tempted by the high salary offered by thecompany.A.taughtB.keptC.attractedD.changed11.That performance was pretty impressive.pletelyB.veryC.beautifullyD.equally12.The frame needs to be strong enough to support the engine.A.bottomB.surfaceC.topD.structure13.She came across three children sleeping under a bridge.A.passed byB.took a notice ofC.woke upD.found by chance14.“There is no other choice,” she said in a harsh voice.A.firmB.softC.deepD.unkind15.I have little information as regards her fitness for the post.A.aboutB.atC.withD.from第2部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题1分，共7分)下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断;如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

职称英语考试《理工类》历年真题精选及答案0513-71、What Do Dreams Tell Us?Why do we dream? Do dreams have meanings? These are questions which have troubled man for thousands of years. The oldest surviving book on the interpretation of dreams is Egyptian and is nearly 4,000 years old. In ancient Greece, it was thought that people who were ill could be cured by telling their dreams. They would relate their dreams to their doctors who would tell them what they meant and then give them medicine to make them well. The ancient Chinese believed that if a pregnant woman dreamed of a bear, she would have a son, and if she dreamed of a snake, she would have a daughter. There are many stories about dreams foretelling (预言) the future.We certainly do not now believe that dreams foretell the future. Most scientists believe that dreams are based on events in our own life and on our feelings. The events are usually very recent, mostly within the last two days. Our emotions, on the other hand our wishes, hopes and fears may go back many years,even to early childhood.In a dream, events are altered. A dream may contain parts of many real-life events. Most importantly, something that cannot be shown directly may be shown indirectly. For example, you might dream of driving a large car. This could mean not that you want to have a larger car, but that you desire power, and maybe you want to control other people. Again, you may dream that you are an actor in a play. The play is about to start, but you have completely forgot your lines. This dream may seem strange because you are not interested in acting, and you never want to be in a play. But the dream may mean that you have some other problem that you feel is too difficult for you to solve.Psychologists believe that dreams may be helpful to us. Indeed, people who have been allowed to sleep in experiments, but not allowed to dream, have become anxious and restless. And when they are later allowed to sleep as much as they like, they dream more than ever to make us for the lost "dream time". Paragraph 3 ______.【单选题】A.Structure and interpretation of a dreamB.Ancient views on dreamsC.Babies dream less than older childrenD.Dreaming may be good for our healthE.Dreams can not foretell the futureF.Healthy people do not dream正确答案:A答案解析:第三段主题句为第一句：In a dream，events are altered. 梦中发生的事是不断变换着的。