普通高中课程标准实验教科书(人教版)必修1.

人教版普通高中课程标准实验教科书高中化学必修一教师教学用书目录第一章从实验学化学 (2)本章说明 (2)第一节化学实验基本方法 (3)化学计量在实验中的应用 (7)教学资源 (8)第二章化学物质及其变化 (13)本章说明 (13)第一节物质的分类 (14)第二节离子反应 (17)第三节氧化还原反应 (18)教学资源 (19)第三章金属及其化合物 (23)本章说明 (23)第一节金属的化学性质 (24)第二节几种重要的金属化合物 (28)第三节用途广泛的金属材料 (31)教学资源 (32)第四章非金属及其化合物 (40)本章说明 (40)第一节无机非金属材料的主角──硅 (42)第二节富集在海水中的元素──氯 (43)第三节硫和氮的氧化物 (45)第四节硫酸、硝酸和氨 (48)教学资源 (51)科学家谈化学 (59)展望化学之未来：挑战和机遇（唐有琪） (59)中国化学的发展与展望（白春礼） (64)中学理科教育中的创新教育问题 (71)化学学科的现状及基础化学教育改革问题（宋心琦） (76)第一章从实验学化学本章说明一、教学目标1.树立安全意识，初步形成良好的实验习惯，并能识别一些化学品安全标识。

2.通过粗盐提纯实验，进一步掌握溶解、过滤、蒸发等基本操作，在此基础上练习蒸馏、萃取等分离方法。

并通过实验中杂质离子的检验与除杂质方法的讨论，加深对提纯操作原理和方法的理解。

3.了解摩尔质量的概念，理解物质的量、摩尔质量与物质的质量的关系。

4.理解物质的量浓度的概念，掌握一定物质的量浓度溶液的配制方法和应用。

5.体验科学探究的过程，学习运用以实验为基础的实证研究方法。

二、内容分析1.地位和功能根据课程标准所确定的“内容标准”，在必修课程的6个主题“认识化学科学”“化学实验基础”“常见无机物及其应用”“物质结构基础”“化学反应与能量”“化学与可持续发展”中“化学实验基础”是必修课程内容的核心。

化学是一门以实验为基础的科学，要让学生学好化学，首先要了解化学学科的这一特征，并引导学生通过实验去学习化学。

人教版高中新课程《地理1（必修）》教材介绍稿件来源：《试教通讯》（人民教育出版社）人教版《普通高中课程标准实验教科书·地理》简介课程教材研究所韦志榕自20世纪80年代初开始至今，高中地理课程逐步从恢复走向了正常的发展道路。

地理教材也先后经历了三次大的改革。

第一次是20世纪80年代初的地理课程和教材的重建，确立了在地理教材中以人地关系为主线，讲授人与地理环境的内容；第二次是90年代中后期，编写与义务教育地理课程相衔接的高中地理教材。

教材的主旨不变，只是在教学内容的选择上，更加强调从素质教育的角度出发。

进入新世纪，我们又在进行新一轮的高中地理课程和教材改革。

作为对现代公民素质培养有重要意义的基础课程，地理课程讲述人地关系的主旨没有变，素质教育的方向性没有变，但是我们的脚步不能仅停留于此，而是要加深与扩大其内涵和外延，以符合新时代的要求。

从这个意义上说，高中地理教材有继承、发展和创新的需求和过程。

目前，人教版《地理1》《地理2》和《地理3》等3本必修教材和《自然灾害与防治》《环境保护》等2本选修教材已经通过教育部教材审查委员会的初审。

回过头来，我们从教材的知识维度、思想文化内涵维度、教学维度，以及教材特色维度，对新教材作一次“盘点”，将有利于在编者与读者之间架起一座桥梁。

一、教材的知识维度1．教材内容要与《普通高中地理课程标准（实验）》（以下简称《高中课标》）的要求相符合。

《高中课标》是教材编写的依据，教材编写要全面体现《高中课标》的要求。

分析本套教材与《高中课标》的对应关系，可以看出教材与《高中课标》是相符合的。

当然，教材在有些内容上做了适当的扩展，以为实现《高中课标》的要求做知识上的铺垫。

2．教材内容要反映地理学科的基本思想、基本结构和发展方向。

地理作为高中必修的一门基础课程，对现代公民素质的培养具有重要作用。

因此“培养现代公民必备的地理素养”成为《高中课标》的一条基本理念。

现代公民必备的地理素养，首先是以人地关系和可持续发展为核心的基本地理观念。

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人教版·普通高中课程标准实验教科书·语
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人教版·普通高中课程标准实验教科书·语文（必修）目录第一册阅读鉴赏第一单元1*沁园春长沙毛泽东4 2诗两首雨巷戴望舒7 再别康桥徐志摩9 3大堰河——我的保姆艾青11 4*中外短诗五首断章卞之琳16 风雨芦荻16 错误郑愁予17 回旋舞保尔·福尔17 在一个地铁车站庞德18 第二单元5兰亭集序王羲之20 6赤壁赋苏轼23 7*山中与裴秀才迪书王维26 8*游褒禅山记王安石28 第三单元9 记念刘和珍君鲁迅32 10小狗包弟巴金38 11*记梁任公先生的一次演讲梁实秋43 12*金岳霖先生汪曾祺46 第四单元13短新闻两篇别了，“不列颠尼亚”周婷杨兴52 奥斯维辛没有什么新闻罗森塔尔54 14包身工夏衍58 15*寻找时传祥——重访精神高原孙德宏68 16*飞向太空的航程贾永曹智白瑞雪73
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（人教课标版）普通高中课程标准实验教科书《生物》目录（人教课标版）普通高中课程标准实验教科书《生物》目录必修1 分子与细胞科学家访谈探索生物大分子的奥秘第1章走近细胞第1节从生物圈到细胞第2节细胞的多样性和统一性科学前沿组装细胞第2章组成细胞的分子第1节细胞中的元素和化合物第2节生命活动的主要承担者——蛋白质科学史话世界上第一个人工合成蛋白质的诞生第3节遗传信息的携带者——核酸第4节细胞中的糖类和脂质第5节细胞中的无机物第3章细胞的基本结构第1节细胞膜——系统的边界第2节细胞器——系统内的分工合作科学家的故事细胞世界探微三例第3节细胞核——系统的控制中心第4章细胞的物质输入和输出第1节物质跨膜运输的实例第2节生物膜的流动镶嵌模型第3节物质跨膜运输的方式科学前沿授予诺贝尔化学奖的通道蛋白研究第5章细胞的能量供应和利用第1节降低化学反应活化能的酶一酶的作用和本质二酶的特性科学·技术·社会酶为生活添姿彩第2节细胞的能量“通货”——ATP第3节ATP的主要来源——细胞呼吸第4节能量之源——光与光合作用一捕获光能的色素和结构二光合作用的原理和应用第6章细胞的生命历程第1节细胞的增殖第2节细胞的分化第3节细胞的衰老和凋亡第4节细胞的癌变与生物学有关的职业医院里的检验师必修2 遗传与进化科学家访谈我赞叹生命的美丽第1章遗传因子的发现第1节孟德尔的豌豆杂交实验（一）第2节孟德尔的豌豆杂交实验（二）第2章基因和染色体的关系第1节减数分裂和受精作用一减数分裂二受精作用第2节基因在染色体上科学家的故事染色体遗传理论的奠基人第3节伴性遗传第3章基因的本质第1节DNA是主要的遗传物质第2节DNA分子的结构第3节DNA的复制第4节基因是有遗传效应的DNA片段科学·技术·社会DNA指纹技术第4章基因的表达第1节基因指导蛋白质的合成第2节基因对性状的控制科学前沿生物信息学第3节遗传密码的破译（选学）第5章基因突变及其他变异第1节基因突变和基因重组第2节染色体变异第3节人类遗传病科学·技术·社会基因治疗第6章从杂交育种到基因工程第1节杂交育种与诱变育种与生物学有关的职业育种工作者第2节基因工程及其应用与生物学有关的职业生物技术产业的研发人员第7章现代生物进化理论第1节现代生物进化理论的由来第2节现代生物进化理论的主要内容一种群基因频率的改变与生物进化二隔离与物种的形成与生物学有关的职业化石标本的制作三共同进化与生物多样性的形成科学·技术·社会理想的“地质时钟”必修3 稳态与环境科学家访谈生物与环境是统一的整体第1章人体的内环境与稳态第1节细胞生活的环境第2节内环境稳态的重要性科学史话稳态概念的提出和发展第2章动物和人体生命活动的调节第1节通过神经系统的调节与生物学有关的职业神经外科医生第2节通过激素的调节科学·技术·社会评价应用激素类药物的利与弊第3节神经调节与体液调节的关系科学·技术·社会拒绝毒品，慎用心理药物第4节免疫调节科学·技术·社会艾滋病——威胁人类的免疫缺陷病第1节植物生长素的发现第2节生长素的生理力作用第3节其他植物激素第4章种群和群落第1节种群的特征科学家的故事从治蝗专家到生态学巨匠第2节种群数量的变化与生物学有关的职业植保员第3节群落的结构科学·技术·社会立体农业第4节群落的演替与生物学有关的职业林业工程师第5章生态系统及其稳定性第1节生态系统的结构第2节生态系统的能量流动科学·技术·社会生态农业第3节生态系统的物质循环第4节生态系统的信息传递第5节生态系统的稳定性第6章生态环境的保护第1节人口增长对生态环境的影响第2节保护我们共同的家园选修1 生物技术实践走近生物技术专题1 传统发酵技术的应用课题1 果酒和果醋的制作课题2 腐乳的制作课题3 制作泡菜并检测亚硝酸盐含量专题2 微生物的培养与应用课题1 微生物的实验室培养课题2 土壤中分解尿素的细菌的分离与计数课题3 分解纤维素的微生物的分离专题3 植物的组织培养技术课题1 菊花的组织培养课题2 月季的花药培养专题4 酶的研究与应用课题1 果胶酶在果汁生产中的作用课题2 探讨加酶洗衣粉的洗涤效果课题3 酵母细胞的固定化专题5 DNA和蛋白质技术课题1 DNA的粗提取与鉴定课题2 多聚酶链式反应扩增DNA片段课题3 血红蛋白的提取和分离专题6 植物有效成分的提取课题1 植物芳香油的提取课题2 胡萝卜素的提取附录1 生物学实验室的基本安全规则附录2 生物学实验室中常用的国际单位附录3 常用培养基配方附录4 常用的消毒灭菌操作方法附录5 常用化学抑菌剂选修2 生物科学与社会致同学们生物科学技术推动社会进步第1章生物科学与健康科技发展之窗现代医学的发展第1节抗生素的合理使用第2节基因诊断与基因治疗拓展视野基因芯片技术与新药的开发第3节人体的器官移植拓展视野生长因子的发现推动了组织工程的发展第4节生殖健康拓展视野《人类辅助生殖技术规范》简介第2章生物科学与农业科技发展之窗农业的绿色革命第1节农业生产中繁殖控制技术第2节现代生物技术在育种上的应用拓展视野转基因生物的安全性第3节植物病虫害的防治原理和方法第4节动物疫病的控制拓展视野国家动物疫情测报体系简介第5节绿色食品的生产第6节设施农业第3章生物科学与工业科技发展之窗生物技术产业的兴起第1节微生物发酵及其应用第2节酶在工业生产中的应用第3节生物技术药物与疫苗拓展视野单克隆抗体药物的制备第4章生物科学与环境保护科技发展之窗生物科技与可持续发展第1节生物性污染及其预防第2节生物净化的原理及其应用第3节关注生物资源的合理利用第4节倡导绿色消费拓展视野绿色产品的分类选修3 现代生物科技专题专题1 基因工程科技探索之路基础理论和技术的发展催生了基因工程1.1 DNA重组技术的基本工具1.2 基因工程的基本操作程序拓展视野历史不能忘记中国对PCR的贡献1.3 基因工程的应用拓展视野神奇的基因芯片1.4 蛋白质工程的崛起专题2 细胞工程科技探索之路细胞工程的发展历程2.1 植物细胞工程2.1.1 植物细胞工程的基本技术2.1.2 植物细胞工程的实际应用2.2 动物细胞工程2.2.1 动物细胞培养和核移植技术拓展视野核移植技术发展简史2.2.2 动物细胞融合与单体克隆抗体拓展视野多利羊猜想科技探索之路胚胎工程的建立3.1 体内受精和早期胚胎发育3.2 体外受精和早期胚胎培养3.3 胚胎工程的应用及前景拓展视野话说哺乳动物的性别控制专题4 生物技术的安全性和伦理性问题科技探索之路生物技术引发的社会争论4.1 转基因生物的安全性4.2 关注生物技术的伦理问题拓展视野是研究合作，还是基因资源掠夺4.3 禁止生物武器专题5 生态工程科技探索之路生态工程的兴起5.1 生态工程的基本原理拓展视野前景广阔的沼气工程5.2 生态工程的实例和发展前景。

高一英语必修一电子课本目录CONTENTSUnit 1 FriendshipUnit 2 English around the worldUnit 3 Tracel journalUnit 4 EarthquakesUnit 5 Nelson Mandela - a modern heroWorkbookUnit 1 FriendshipUnit 2 English around the worldUnit 3 Travel journalUnit 4 EarthquakesUnit 5 Nelson Mandela - a modern hero AppendicesNotes to the textsGrammarWords and expressions in each unitVocabularyIrregular verbsChanges in international phonetic symbols for English高一英语必修二电子课本目录Unit 1 Cultural reliceUnit 2 The Olympic GamesUnit 3 ComputersUnit 4 Wildlife protectionUnit 5 MusicWorkbookUnit 1 Cultural relicsUnit 2 The Olympic GamesUnit 3 ComputersUnit 4 Wildlife protectionUnit 5 MusicAppendices 附录高二英语必修三电子课本目录CONTENTSUnit 1 Festivals around the worldUnit 2 Healthy eatingUnit 3 The Million Pound Bank NoteUnit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars Unit 5 Canada —“The True North”WorkbookUnit 1 Festivals around the worldUnit 2 Healthy eatingUnit 3 The Million Pound Bank NoteUnit 4 Astronomy: the science of the starsUnit 5 Canada—“The True North”AppendicesNotes to the textsGrammarWords and expressions in each unitVocabularyIrregular verbsChanges in international phonetic symbols for English高二英语必修四电子课本目录Unit 1 Women of achievementUnit 2 Working the landUnit 3 A taste of English humourUnit 4 Body languageUnit 5 Theme parksWorkbookUnit 1 Women of achievement Unit 2 Working the landUnit 3 A taste of English humour Unit 4 Body languageUnit 5 Theme parks Appendices 附录高三英语必修五电子课本目录Unit 1 Great scientistsUnit 2 The United KingdomUnit 3 Life in the futureUnit 4 Making the newsUnit 5 First aidWorkbookUnit 1 Great scientistsUnit 2 The United KingdomUnit 3 Life in the futureUnir 4 Making the newsUnit 5 First aidAppendices 附录。

普通高中课程标准实验教科书英语必修1Unit 1 Friendship-ReadingANNE'S BEST FRIENDDo you want a friend whom you could tell everything to, like your deepestfeelings and thoughts? Or are you afraid that your friend would laugh at you, orwould not understand what you are going through? Anne Frank wanted the firstkind, so she made her diary her best friend.Anne lived in Amsterdam in the Netherlands during World War II. Her family wasJewish so they had to hide or they would be caught by the German Nazis. She andher family hid away for nearly twenty-five months before they were discovered.During that time the only true friend was her diary. She said, "I don't want to setdown a series of facts in a diary as most people do, but I want this diary itself to bemy friend, and I shall call my friend Kitty." Now read how she felt after being in thehiding place since July 1942.Thursday 15, June, 1944I wonder if it’s because I haven’t’ been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve g crazy about everything to do with nature. I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of the birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept mespellbound. That’s changed since I was here.…For example, when it was so warm, I stayed awake on purpose until half past eleven oneevening in order to have a good look at the moon for once by myself. But as the moon gavefar too much light, I didn’t dare open a window. Another time five months ago, I happened to be upstairs one evening when the window was o pen. I didn’t go downstairs until thewindow had to be shut. The dark, rainy evening, the wind, the thundering clouds held meentirely in their power; it was the first time in a year and a half that I’d seen the night fface.…sadly…I am only able t o look at nature through dirty curtains hanging before very dustywindows. It’s no pleasure looking through these any longer because nature is one thing thatreally must be experienced.普通高中课程标准实验教科书英语必修 1Unit 1 Friendship-Reading TaskFRIENDSHIP IN HAWAIIEvery culture has its own ways to show friendship. On the islands of Hawaii,friendship is part of the "aloha spirit". In the language of the Hawaiians who firstsettled the islands long ago, aloha had a very special meaning. That is "to be withhappiness".Hawaiians believe that once somebody loves the land, they are ready to lovetheir people or community. This is the second most important sign of friendship. Itis called lokahi in the Hawaiian language, which means "oneness with all people".To enjoy the land you should not be selfish. The land is for everyone who lives on it.Today many different peoples call Hawaii their home. Indeed, Hawaii is a placewhere people make one big community from many smaller communities. Eachperson gives kokua (help) to other people so that all feel stronger. It is believed thatthe islands can be a paradise when people live in peace. People are told that theiractions should be as gentle as the wind that blows from the sea. When problemshappen, people are asked to solve them with understanding. So when the people ofHawaii talk about ohana (family), they are really talking about all those who live onthe islands.Living in peace, Hawaiians have developed a third sign of friendship. Thispersonal friendship is shown by giving leis to one another. The lei, a string offlowers, is put over a friend's neck. Then the friend is given a kiss on the cheek.Visitors to the islands are also given leis. When they hear aloha, visitors begin tofeel at home. Aloha also means "goodbye", so visitors will hear it again when theyleave. It can also mean "our hearts singing together". Perhaps this is how mostvisitors will remember their new friendship.普通高中课程标准实验教科书英语必修 1 Unit 1 Friendship-Using Language普通高中课程标准实验教科书英语必修1 Unit 2 English around the world-ReadingTHE ROAD TO MODERN ENGLISHAt the end of the 16th century, about five to seven million people spoke English.Nearly all of them lived in England. Later in the next century, people from Englandmade voyages to conquer other parts of the world and because of that, Englishbegan to be spoken in many other countries. Today, more people speak English astheir first, second or a foreign language than ever before.Native English speakers can understand each other even if they don't speak thesame kind of English. Look at this example:British Betty: Would you like to see my flat?American Amy: Yes. I'd like to come up to your apartment.So why has English changed over time? Actually all languages change anddevelop when cultures meet and communicate with each other. At first the Englishspoken in England between about AD 450 and 1150 was very different from theEnglish spoken today. It was based more on German than the English we speak atpresent. Then gradually between about AD 800 and 1150, English became less likeGerman because those who ruled England spoke first Danish and later French.These new settlers enriched the English language and especially its vocabulary. Soby the 1600's Shakespeare was able to make use of a wider vocabulary than everbefore. In 1620 some British settlers moved to America. Later in the 18th centurysome British people were taken to Australia too. English began to be spoken inboth countries.Finally by the 19th century the language was settled. At that time two bigchanges in English spelling happened: first Samuel Johnson wrote his dictionaryand later Noah Webster wrote The American Dictionary of the English Language.The latter gave a separate identity to American English spelling.English now is also spoken as a foreign or second language in South Asia. Forexample, India has a very large number of fluent English speakers because Britainruled India from 1765 to 1947. During that time English became the language forgovernment and education. English is also spoken in Singapore and Malaysia andcountries in Africa such as South Africa. Today the number of people learningEnglish in China is increasing rapidly. In fact, China may have the largest numberof English learners. Will Chinese English develop its own identity? Only time willtell.普通高中课程标准实验教科书英语必修1 Unit 2 English around the world-Reading TaskTHE OXFORD ENGLISH DICTIONARYYou may think that English dictionaries have been used for many, manycenturies. The spelling of English has always been a problem but it was more of aproblem in the days before a dictionary. Then people could spell words in differentways which you might find interesting. But it made reading English much moredifficult. So dictionaries were invented to encourage everybody to spell the same.In fact, an English dictionary like the kind you use today wasn't made until the timeof the late Qing Dynasty. Three men did most of the important early work ondictionaries: Samuel Johnson, Noah Webster, and James Murray. These men spentnearly all of their lives trying to collect words for their dictionaries. For them, itwasn't only a job; it was a wonderful journey of discovery. The largest dictionary inthe world is the Oxford English Dictionary, or OED for short. The idea for thisdictionary came from an important meeting in Britain in 1857. Twenty-two yearslater, Oxford University asked James Murray to be the editor of its new dictionary.Murray had never been to college. At the age of fourteen, he left his villageschool in Scotland and taught himself while working in a bank. Later he became agreat teacher. After Oxford gave him the job, Murray had a place built in the gardenbehind his house to do his work. Part of it was one metre underground. In winter itfelt like a barn, he had to wear a heavy coat and put his feet in a box to keep warm.Every morning, Murray got out of bed at five o'clock and worked several hoursbefore breakfast. Often he would work by candle light into the evening. Murrayhoped to finish the new dictionary in ten years. But after five years, he was stilladding words for the letter A! Then others went to work with Murray, including histwo daughters. He worked on the dictionary until he was very old. Forty-four yearslater, in 1928, other editors finished it. It included more than 15,000 words in twelvebooks. And you thought your English dictionary was big!普通高中课程标准实验教科书英语必修1 Unit 2 English around the world-Using LanguageSTANDARD ENGLISH AND DIALECTSWhat is standard English? Is it spoken in Britain, the US, Canada, Australia, Indiaand New Zealand? Believe it or not, there is no such thing as standard English.Many people believe the English spoken on TV and the radio is standard English.This is because in the early days of radio, those who reported the news wereexpected to speak excellent English. However, on TV and the radio you will heardifferences in the way people speak.Geography also plays a part in making dialects. Some people who live in themountains of the eastern USA speak with an older kind of English dialect. WhenAmericans moved from one place to another, they took their dialects with them. Sopeople from the mountains in the southeastern USA speak with almost the samedialect as people in the northwestern USA. The USA is a large country in whichmany different dialects are spoken. Although many Americans move a lot, they stillrecognize and understand each other's dialects.When people use words and expressions different from the "standard language",it is called a dialect. American English has many dialects, especially themidwestern, southern, African American and Spanish dialects. Even in some partsof the USA, two people from neighbouring towns speak a little differently. AmericanEnglish has so many dialects because people have come from all over the world.普通高中课程标准实验教科书英语必修1Unit 3 Travel journal-ReadingJOURNEY DOWN THE MEKONGPART1 THE DREAM AND THE PLANMy name is Wang Kun. Ever since middle school, my sister Wang Wei and I havedreamed about taking a great bike trip. Two years ago she bought an expensivemountain bike and then she persuaded me to buy one. Last year, she visited ourcousins, Dao Wei and Yu Hang at their college in Kunming. They are Dai and grewup in western Yunnan Province near the Lancang River, the Chinese part of theriver that is called the Mekong River in other countries. Wang Wei soon got theminterested in cycling too. After graduating from college, we finally got the chance totake a bike trip. I asked my sister, "Where are we going?" It was my sister who firsthad the idea to cycle along the entire Mekong River from where it begins to where itends. Now she is planning our schedule tor the trip.I am fond of my sister but she has one serious shortcoming. She can be reallystubborn. Although she didn't know the best way of getting to places, she insistedthat she organize the trip properly. Now I know that the proper way is always herway. I kept asking her, "When are we leaving and when are we coming back?" Iasked her whether she had looked at a map yet. Of course she hadn't; my sisterdoesn't care about details. So I told her that the source of the Mekong is in QinghaiProvince. She gave me a determined look - the kind that said she would not changeher mind. When I told her that our journey would begin at an altitude of morethan5,000 metres, she seemed to be excited about it. When I told her the air wouldbe hard to breathe and it would be very cold, she said it would be an interestingexperience. I know my sister well. Once she has made up her mind, nothing canchange it. Finally, I had to give in.Several months before our trip, Wang Wei and I went to the library. We found alarge atlas with good maps that showed details of world geography. From the atlaswe could see that the Mekong River begins in a glacier on a Tibetan mountain. Atfirst the river is small and the water is clear and cold. Then it begins to movequickly. It becomes rapids as it passes through deep valleys, travelling acrosswestern Yunnan Province. Sometimes the river becomes a water fall and enterswide valleys. We were both surprised to learn that half of the fiver is in China. Afterit leaves China and high altitude, the Mekong becomes wide, brown and warm. As itenters Southeast Asia, its pace slows. It makes wide bends or meanders throughlow valleys to the plains where rice grows. At last, the fiver delta enters the SouthChina Sea.普通高中课程标准实验教科书英语必修1 Unit 3 Travel Journal-Reading TaskJOURNEY DOWN THE MEKONGPART 6 THE END OF OUR JOURNEYCambodia was in many ways similar to Laos, although it has twice the population.At another inn, we talked with a teacher who told us that half of the people in hercountry couldn't read or write. Her village couldn't even afford to build a school, soshe had to teach outside under a large tent. When we said goodbye, we all felt verylucky to have studied in college. Back on the road, we passed between many hillsand forests. Then we came to the plains and entered Phnom Penh(金边), the capital of Cambodia. In many ways it looked like Vientiane and Ho Chi Minh City; it alsohad wide streets with trees in rows and old French houses. Unlike Vientiane, shipscould travel the Mekong River here. In the centre of the city we visited the palaceand saw a beautiful white elephant. It can only be seen outside the palace onspecial days. We ate an early supper and went to see a great temple with floorsmade of silver.The next morning our group slept late. We were very tired from the long bike ridethe day before. Cycling in the hills had been difficult. Now our cousins had thechance to make jokes about Wang Wei and me. Perhaps, they said, they were thestrong ones! We had lunch at a nice outdoor cafe. then rode out of the city. Twodays later we crossed the border into Vietnam. We began to see many more people,but I wasn't surprised. I read in an atlas before our trip that Vietnam has almostseven times the population of Cambodia. We met a farmer who gave us directionsand told us that he grows a new rice crop four times every year so he can feed morepeople. He also told us that the northern part of his country has many mountainsand it is much cooler than here in the south, where it is flat. Although the flat deltamade it easier for us to cycle, we got warm very quickly. So we drank lots of waterand ate lots of bananas. Soon the delta separated into nine smaller rivers.Two days later, after we had passed thousands of rice fields, we came to the sea.We were tired but also in high spirits: our dream to cycle along the Mekong Riverhad finally come true.普通高中课程标准实验教科书英语必修1 Unit 3 Travel Journal-Using LanguageJOURNEY DOWN THE MEKONGAlthough it was autumn, the snow was already beginning to fall in Tibet. Our legswere so heavy and cold that they felt like blocks of ice. Have you ever seensnowmen ride bicycles? That's what we looked like! Along the way childrendressed in long wool coats stopped to look at us. In the late afternoon we found itwas so cold that our water bottles froze. However, the lakes shone like glass in thesetting sun and looked wonderful. Wang Wei rode in front of me as usual. She isvery reliable and I knew I didn't need to encourage her. To climb the mountains washard work but as we looked around us, we were surprised by the view. We seemedto be able to see for miles. At one point we were so high that we found ourselvescycling through clouds. Then we began going down the hills. It was great funespecially as it gradually became much warmer. In the valleys colorful butterfliesflew around us and we saw many yaks and sheep eating green grass. At this pointwe had to change our caps, coats, gloves and trousers for T-shirts and shorts.In the early evening we always stop to make camp. We put up our tent and thenwe eat. After supper Wang Wei put her head down on her pillow and went to sleepbut I stayed awake. At midnight the sky became clearer and the stars grew brighter.It was so quiet. There was almost no wind - only the flames of our fire for company.As I lay beneath the stars I thought about how far we had already travelled.We will reach Dali in Yunnan Province soon, where our cousins Dao Wei and YuHang will join us. We can hardly wait to see them!普通高中课程标准实验教科书英语必修1Unit 4 Earthquakes-ReadingA NIGHT THE EARTH DIDN’T SLEEPStrange things were happening in the countryside of northeast Hebei. For threedays the water in the village wells rose and fell, rose and fell. Farmers noticed thatthe well walls had deep cracks in them. A smelly gas came out of the cracks. In thefarmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat. Mice ran out ofthe fields looking for places to hide. Fish jumped out of their bowls and ponds. Atabout 3:00 am on July 28,1976, some people saw bright lights in the sky. The soundof planes could be heard outside the city of Tangshan even when no planes were inthe sky. In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst. But theone million people of the city, who thought little of these events, were asleep asusual that night.At 3:42 am everything began to shake. It seemed as if the world was at an end!Eleven kilometres directly below the city the greatest earthquake of the 20thcentury had begun. It was felt in Beijing, which is more than two hundredkilometres away. One-third of the nation felt it. A huge crack that was eightkilometres long and thirty metres wide cut across houses, roads and canals. Steamburst from holes in the ground. Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt. In fifteenterrible seconds a large city lay in ruins. The suffering of the people was extreme.Two-thirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake. Thousands offamilies were killed and many children were left without parents. The number ofpeople who were killed or injured reached more than 400,000.But how could the survivors believe it was natural? Everywhere they lookednearly every thing was destroyed. All of the city's hospitals,75% of its factories andbuildings and 90% of its homes were gone. Bricks covered the ground like redautumn leaves. No wind, however, could blow them away. Two dams fell and mostof the bridges also fell or were not safe for travelling. The railway tracks were nowuseless pieces of steel. Tens of thousands of cows would never give milk again.Half a million pigs and millions of chickens were dead. Sand now filled the wellsinstead of water. People were shocked. Then, later that afternoon, another bigquake which was almost as strong as the first one shook Tangshan. Some of therescue workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins. More buildings fell down.Water, food, and electricity were hard to get. People began to wonder how long thedisaster would last.All hope was not lost. Soon after the quakes the army sent 150,000 soldiers toTangshan to help the rescue workers. Hundreds of thousands of people werehelped. The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to burythe dead. To the north of the city, most of the10,000 miners were rescued from thecoal mines there. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had beendestroyed. Fresh water was taken to the city by train, truck and plane. Slowly, thecity began to breathe again.普通高中课程标准实验教科书英语必修1 Unit 4 Earthquakes-Reading TaskTHE STORY OF AN EYEWITNESSby Jack LondonNever before in history has a city been so completely destroyed. San Franciscois gone. Nothing is left of it but memories and some houses far from the centre ofthe city. Its businesses are gone. The factories, hotels and palaces are all gone too.Within an hour after the earthquake, the smoke of San Francisco's fires could beseen 160 kilometres away. The sun was red in the dark sky. There was no stoppingthe fires. There was no way to organize or communicate. The steel railway trackswere now useless. And the great pipes for carrying water under the streets hadburst. All of the ways man had made to keep the city safe were gone in the thirtyseconds the earth moved.Out at sea it was calm. No wind came up. Yet from every direction - east, west,north, and south, strong winds blew upon the unlucky city. Man himself had tomake ruins of some of the city's best buildings so that they would not be a dangerto those in the streets. A list of buildings undestroyed was now only a fewaddresses. A list of the brave men and women would fill a library. A list of all thosekilled will never be made.Amazing as it may seem, Wednesday night was a quiet night. There were nocrowds. The policemen said nothing; even their horses were quiet. There were noshouts or people doing crazy things. In all those terrible hours I saw not onewoman who cried, not one man who was excited. Before the fires, through the night,thousands and thousands of people who had lost their homes left for safety. Somewere covered in blankets . Sometimes whole families put everything they ownedand could save into wagons . They helped one another climb the high hills aroundthe city. Never in all San Francisco's history were her people so kind as on thatterrible night.普通高中课程标准实验教科书英语必修 1 Unit 4 Earthquakes-Using Language普通高中课程标准实验教科书英语必修1 Unit 5 Nelson Mandela-a modern hero-ReadingELIAS’ STORYMy name is Elias. I am a poor black worker in South Africa. The time when I firstmet Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life. I was twelve years old. Itwas in 1952 and Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice. Heoffered guidance to poor black people on their legal problems. He was generouswith his time, for which I was grateful.I needed his help because I had very little education. I began school at six. Theschool where I studied for only two years was three kilometers away. I had to leavebecause my family could not continue to pay the school fees and the bus fare. Icould not read or write well. After trying hard, I got a job in a gold mine. However,this was a time when one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg.Sadly I did not have it because I was not born there, and I worried about whether Iwould become out of work.The day when Nelson Mandela helped me was one of my happiest. He told mehow to get the correct papers so I could stay in Johannesburg. I became morehopeful about my future. I never forgot how kind Mandela was, When he organizedthe ANC Youth League, I joined it as soon as I could. He said:"The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rightsand progress, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rightsat all."It was the truth. Black people could not vote or choose their leaders. They couldnot get the jobs they wanted. The parts of town in which they had to live weredecided by white people. The places outside the towns where they were sent to livewere the poorest parts of South Africa. No one could grow food there. In fact asNelson Mandela said:"... we were put into a position in which we had either to accept we were lessimportant, or fight the government. We chose to attack the laws. We first broke thelaw in a way which was peaceful; when this was not allowed.., only then did wedecide to answer violence with violence."As a matter of fact, I do not like violence ... but in 1963 I helped him blow up somegovernment buildings. It was very dangerous because if I was caught I could be putin prison. But I was happy to help because I knew it would help us achieve ourdream of making black and white people equal.普通高中课程标准实验教科书英语必修 1 Unit 5 Nelson Mandela-a modern hero-Reading TaskA FOLLOWER OF BILL CATESI have been a friend of Bill Gates for a long time. I knew him when he was astudent at Harvard University. We were surprised when he left University to set uphis own company "Microsoft" and make his own software. But he was the cleverone! He is very good at writing computer languages and almost all computers nowuse Microsoft software. The program "Word" is used from Britain to China! Ofcourse he has made a lot of money and that makes people very jealous (妒忌的). They want to stop his success. Even the government is against him and has tried tobreak his company into two parts. They say that he is unfair to other people whowant to sell similar software. Because he fits his new software free in every newcomputer, the government says he is stopping other companies from selling theirprograms. This is not fair. Everyone should be able to do what they can to maketheir company bigger. Bill Gates has only done what he can to stop othercompetitors(竞争对手). He is very rich, but he is generous. He has given millions ofdollars to help the education and health of many children around the world. Youcould not meet a better man than Bill Gates.A COMPETITOR OF BILL GATESBill Gates has been very successful and become very rich. He is very generousbut how has he got his money? He has done this by making sure that no one elsewill be able to compete with (竞争) his software. His software is not the best but it isused most widely in the world. When he sees what is needed, he makes a programand produces it quicker than anybody else. That way he gets a large part of thesoftware market. Then he works on improving the software later. He tries hard tostop others making better software. In 1995 the government tried to make thingsfairer for people like me. The government wanted to make Microsoft into twocompanies so that neither of them was so strong nor so rich. This meant that theycould not stop somebody else making new software. I always wonder how he couldget so rich so quickly. Has he done it by fair means? Or has he done it by being acomputer bully (霸) ?普通高中课程标准实验教科书英语必修 1 Unit 5 Nelson Mandela-a modern hero-Using LanguageTHE REST OF ELIAS’ STORYYou cannot imagine how the name of Robben Island made us afraid. It was aprison from which no one escaped. There I spent the hardest time of my life. Butwhen I got there Nelson Mandela was also there and he helped me. Mr Mandelabegan a school for those of us who had little learning. He taught us during thelunch breaks and the evenings when we should have been asleep. We read booksunder our blankets and used anything we could find to make candles to see thewords. I became a good student. I wanted to study for my degree but I was notallowed to do that. Later, Mr Mandela allowed the prison guards to join us. He saidthey should not be stopped from studying for their degrees. They were not clevererthan me, but they did pass their exams. So I knew I could get a degree too. Thatmade me feel good about myself.When I finished the four years in prison, I went to find a job. Since I was bettereducated, I got a job working in an office. However, the police found out and toldmy boss that I had been in prison for blowing up government buildings. So I lost myjob. I did not work again for twenty years until Mr Mandela and the ANC came topower in 1994. All that time my wife and children had to beg for food and help fromrelatives or friends. Luckily Mr Mandela remembered me and gave me a job takingtourists around my old prison on Robben Island. I felt bad the first time I talked to agroup. All the terror and fear of that time came back to me. I remembered thebeatings and the cruelty of the guards and my friends who had died. I felt I wouldnot be able to do it, but my family encouraged me. They said that the job and thepay from the new South African government were my reward after working all my。