【毕业论文】“差速器壳”的工艺规程和钻端面12孔钻床夹具设计差速器壳工艺设计说明书论文【有CAD图】

毕业设计（论文）任务书题目：专业论文写作团队秋秋号98708184姓名：专业：机械设计制造及其自动化学号：0808140127 主要内容：基本要求：主要参考资料：完成期限：2012年6月15日指导教师签章：专业负责人签章：2012 年 3 月10 日摘要机械加工工艺设计是一门融理论性、科学性、实用性和经济性为一体的设计，它涉及的知识面广，决定着零件的加工质量、生产成本、产品效益及单位的经济效果。

因而，正确分析零件的功用，恰当合理地制定工艺规程；选定机床、刀具、量具；夹具设计；确定加工余量、切削用量、对提高产品质量、劳动生产率、减轻劳动强度等具有重要的意义。

汽车差速器是驱动轿的主要部件。

它的作用就是在向两边半轴传递动力的同时，允许两边半轴以不同的转速旋转，满足两边车轮以不同转速运动，减少轮胎与地面的摩擦。

汽车发动机的动力经离合器、变速器、传动轴，最后传送到驱动桥再左右分配给半轴驱动车轮，在这条动力传送途径上，驱动桥是最后一个总成，它的主要部件是减速器和差速器。

本设计就是主要设计差速器壳体工艺规程的制定及夹具。

首先是差速器壳体的工艺规程的制定。

首先对零件的作用与原理加以了解，然后根据零件图，进行工艺分析，按照供需设计的各项规定，选择毛坯，制定一个技术要求和经济上比较合理的工艺路线。

再查表确定加工余量，选择刀具及制定出一套完整的工序卡。

第二部分是夹具设计，本夹具专为钻，铰十字轴孔这两道工序而设计，设计普通机床能使用的夹具，然后用CAD画出来。

关键词：差速器壳体；工艺规程；夹具；汽车；设计ABSTRACTMachining technology design is a design that includes theoretical, scientific, operating characteristic and economic. It involved wide knowledge, decided the working quality, manufacture cost, products benefit and economic effect of one product. Thus, correct analyse the function of the parts, appropriate compile technological procedure, selected machine, tool, measuring implement, design clamp, define allowance, cutting quantity, have important meaning for improving products quality, labour productivity, reduce labour intensity etc.Reducer shell is one of more important parts in tractor .it can hold connect pass torque ,the use of the hole reducer is to circle it is suited to back and change turning direction .The content of design include two part: the first part is reducer shell technological process plan .We go on angling technology on depending on understanding the use of part and picture of part . We make a more economical technology process on the basis of obeying the laws of design process ,decide performance part by consulting form, select machine tool and so forth ,make a full pair of process card ,the second part is design of clamp ,the use of the clamp is to drill intersection hole.Keywords：Differential shell；Process planning；Clamp；Auto；Design目录第1章概述 (1)1.1选题背景 (1)1.2课题研究的意义 (1)1.3国内外研究现状 (2)1.4设计的基本内容及解决的问题 (4)第2章零件的分析 (6)2.1零件的用途 (6)2.2确定零件的生产类型 (8)2.3确定毛坯的种类和制造方法 (9)2.4绘制毛坯图 (10)2.5本章小结 (10)第3章机械加工艺规程的制定 (12)3.1拟定工艺路线 (12)3.2编制工艺文件 (18)3.3加工余量和工序尺寸的确定 (19)3.4切削用量和时间定额的确定 (22)3.5本章小结 (24)第4章夹具的设计 (25)4.1概述 (25)4.2粗镗差速器壳体两端轴孔的设计 (26)4.3钻、扩差速器壳体大圆孔的设计 (30)4.4夹紧机构的夹紧力 (33)4.5本章小结 (36)结论 (37)参考文献 (38)致谢 (39)第1章概述1.1选题背景机械制造业是一个国家最基础的行业，也决定了一个国家制造业的整体水平，是各国国民经济的重要支柱。

目录1.零件的分析 (1)1.1零件的作用 (2)1.2零件的工艺分析 (2)2.工艺规程设计.................................................................................................................................. - 3 - 2.1毛坯的制造形式 .. (3)2.2基准面的选择 (3)2.2.1粗基准的选择 ................................................................................................................... - 4 -2.2.2精基准的选择 ................................................................................................................... - 4 - 2.3制订工艺路线 (4)2.3.1.工艺线路方案一 ............................................................................................................... - 4 -2.3.2工艺路线方案二 ............................................................................................................... - 5 -2.3.3.工艺方案的比较与分析 ................................................................................................... - 5 - 2.4机械加工余量、工序尺寸及毛坯尺寸的确定 (6)2.4.1外圆表面 ........................................................................................................................... - 6 -2.4.2内圆表面 ........................................................................................................................... - 8 -2.4.3端面 ................................................................................................................................... - 9 -2.4.4凸台孔系 ........................................................................................................................... - 9 -2.5确定切削用量及基本工时 (9)3.夹具设计 ....................................................................................................................................... - 25 - 3.1问题的提出 .. (25)3.2夹具设计…………………………………………………………………………………- 25 -1. 零件的分析1.1 零件的作用题目所给定的零件是解放牌汽车的后桥差速器壳（见附图1）。

摘要随着社会的发展，汽车在生产和生活中的越来越广泛，差速器是汽车中的重要部件，其壳体的结构及加工精度直接影响差速器的正常工作，因此研究差速器的加工方法和工艺的编制是十分必要和有意义的。

本次设计主要内容有：差速器的工作原理结构分析，差速器壳体的工艺编制，夹具的设计及加工中对定位基准的选择，工序和工装设计中切削用量，夹紧力的计算等。

机床夹具的种类很多，其中，使用范围最广的通用夹具，规格尺寸多已标准化，并且有专业的工厂进行生产。

而广泛用于批量生产，专为某工件加工工序服务的专用夹具，则需要各制造厂根据工件加工工艺自行设计制造。

本设计的主要内容是设计钻床夹具和铣床夹具，需要对零件上Φ22的孔进行铣削加工端面的铣削加工。

由于某些原因，没有上传完整的毕业设计（完整的应包括毕业设计说明书、相关图纸CAD/PROE、中英文文献及翻译等），此文档也稍微删除了一部分内容（目录及某些关键内容）如需要的朋友，请联系我的叩扣:二二壹五八玖一壹五一关键词：差速器，壳体，工艺规程，夹具设计AbstractAlong with social development motor vehicle production and life in anincreasingly wide differential device is an important vehicle componentsand its interior structure and processing precision differential devicedirectly affect the normal work study differential device case processingmethods and techniques of preparation is necessary andmeaningful. Thecurrent design of the main elements: differential devicestructuresoperating principles of analysis differential device case preparationprocesses design and smooth-bore jig for positioning baseline processingoptions smooth-boredesign processes suits cutting consumption increasedcomputing power.Machine toolfixture of many kinds, among them, the most widely used common fixture, sizespecifications have been standardized, and a professional production plant. While widely used in batch production, designed for a certain workpiece processing services for the fixture, it needs each factory according to workpiece machining technology to design and manufacture. The main contents of this design is the design of drilling jig and milling fixture, the need for parts than22hole milling face milling.Key Words:differential device，case，technological process，jig design目录摘要 (1)Abstract (II)目录 (III)第1章绪论 (1)1.1 课题的背景及意义 (1)1.2 差速器的主要分类 (1)1.2.1 开式差速器 (1)1.2.2 限滑差速器 (2)1.3 差速器结构 (2)1.3论文主要内容 (3)第2章零件的分析 (4)2.1 零件的作用 (4)2.2 零件的工艺分析 (4)第3章工艺规程设计 (7)3.1 基准面的选择 (7)3.1.1 粗基准的选择 (7)3.1.2 精基准的选择 (7)3.2 毛坯的制造形式 (7)3.3 制订工艺路线 (7)3.3.1. 工艺线路方案一 (8)3.3.2 工艺路线方案二 (8)3.3.3. 工艺方案的比较与分析 (9)3.4 机械加工余量、工序尺寸及毛坯尺寸的确定 (9)3.4.1 外圆表面 (9)3.5 内圆表面 (11)3.4.3 端面 (13)3.4.4 凸台 (13)3.4.5 孔类 (13)第4章 确定差速器切削用量及基本工时 (15)4.1 工序1 铣φ200外圆右端面（大头）。

差速器壳零件的机械加工工艺规程及钻端面12孔钻床夹具设计引言差速器壳是汽车差速器的重要组成部分，其加工精度直接影响到差速器的工作性能。

本文档旨在详细介绍差速器壳的机械加工工艺流程，并设计适用于钻端面12孔的钻床夹具。

第一章差速器壳零件加工工艺规程第一条工艺流程设计材料选择：根据差速器壳的工作条件，选择合适的材料。

毛坯制备：采用铸造或锻造方式制备毛坯。

粗加工：包括铣削、车削等，去除多余材料，形成基本形状。

半精加工：对关键尺寸进行加工，达到设计要求。

精加工：确保零件尺寸精度和表面质量。

检验：对加工后的零件进行尺寸、形状和位置精度的检验。

第二条加工设备选择根据加工工序选择合适的机床。

确保机床的精度和稳定性满足加工要求。

第三条加工参数确定根据材料特性和机床性能确定切削参数。

包括切削速度、进给速度、切削深度等。

第二章钻端面12孔钻床夹具设计第四条夹具设计原则保证加工精度：夹具设计要确保加工过程中零件的位置精度。

操作简便：夹具操作要简单快捷，便于工人使用。

安全可靠：夹具结构要牢固，防止加工过程中的意外。

第五条夹具结构设计底座：设计稳定的底座，用于固定夹具。

夹紧机构：设计合理的夹紧机构，确保零件在加工过程中的稳定性。

定位元件：设计定位元件，确保零件在夹具中的准确位置。

钻模板：设计钻模板，用于引导钻头进行钻孔。

第六条夹具操作流程将差速器壳零件放置在夹具的定位元件上。

操作夹紧机构，将零件牢固夹紧。

调整钻模板位置，确保钻头与待钻孔对准。

启动钻床，进行钻孔加工。

加工完成后，松开夹紧机构，取出加工好的零件。

第七条夹具维护与保养定期检查夹具各部件的磨损情况，及时更换损坏部件。

清洁夹具，防止油污和金属碎屑影响夹具性能。

定期对夹具进行润滑，保证其运动部件的顺畅。

第三章加工质量控制第八条加工质量标准制定差速器壳加工的质量标准，包括尺寸精度、表面粗糙度等。

严格按照质量标准进行加工和检验。

第九条质量检验方法采用量具和测量仪器对加工后的零件进行检验。

差速器壳的机械加工工艺及工装设计一、前言毕业设计是我们学完了大学的全部基础课、技术基础课以及大部分专业课之后进行的.这是我们在进行毕业设计之前对所学各课程的一次深入的综合性的总复习,也是一次理论联系实际的训练,因此,它在我们四年的大学生活中占有重要的地位。

就我个人而言，我希望能通过这次课程设计对自己未来将从事的工作进行一次适应性训练，从中锻炼自己分析问题、解决问题的能力，为今后参加祖国的建设打下一个良好的基础。

由于能力所限，设计尚有许多不足之处，恳请各位老师给予指导。

二、零件的分析零件的作用差速器壳是汽车差速器的一个主要零件。

汽车差速器的功用是使左、右驱动轮以不等速旋转，以适应汽车转向运动的需要。

⨯差速器壳以Ф139js6外圆及端面为装配基准装配在大圆锥齿轮上，以4-Ф22R8孔，8-Ф10.3D11孔，M10⨯1.5-6H与零件130-24031012装配。

两短均以Ф50m6为基准由圆锥滚子轴承支承，4-Ф22R8孔用来安装行星轮轴。

差速器壳图样的视图、尺寸、公差和技术要求齐全、正确；零件选用材料为KT350-10，该材料具有良好的强度、韧性和塑性，切削性能良好；结构工艺性比较好。

内圆柱面Ф37、Ф48以及SR54的内球面同轴最好在一次装夹下将三者同时加工; Ф139、Ф133、Ф138、Ф200外圆柱面同轴最好在一次装夹下将四者同时加工。

2.2.2 4-Ф22R8轴线SR54中心点与端面C的不重合度不大于0.05，应予以重视，其本身尺寸精度无特殊要求，较易保证。

2.2.3与基准孔有垂直度要求的端面，其端面圆跳动公差等级为8级，表面粗糙度为Ra≤6.3um。

工艺过程安排应注意保证其位置精度。

2.2.4 12-Ф11、8-Ф≤12.5，两者与与基准孔B的位置度公差为Ф0.30，主要是保证装配时能够互换。

根据各加工方法的经济精度及一般机床所能达到的位置精度，该零件没有很难加工的表面，上述各表面的技术要求采用常规加工工艺均可以保证。

机械类毕业设计大全我们有全套的毕业设计：包括模具，工艺夹具，汽修，单片机，PLC控制，各减速器，数控编程，机床改造，机械手，液压设计，组合机床…有需要请联系一零七二九一七二二1-冲压模具1-单耳止动垫圈的冷冲模设计1-挡板冲裁级进模设计1-封闭板成形模及冲压工艺设计1-钢窗五金配件的模具设计1-冷冲模毕业设计1-冷冲压条形垫设计1-离合器板精冲成形模具设计1-软盘保护垫冲孔拉深落料1-收放机架安装支架冲压工艺及模具设计1-新型端盖无毛刺冲孔模具设计1-扬声器锥形盘架复合模设计1-油封骨架冲压模具1-云母片落料复合模设计1-照相机零件冲压1-2J550×3000双轴搅拌机设计1-20MN挤压液压机结构设计1-45#刀柄拉刀机构1-50#刀柄拉刀机构设计1-800型立式沉降离心机1-C6132A型车床的自动安全保护装置的设计1-CA6140机床主轴箱的设计1-CK6140数控车床主轴结构设计1-DF7内燃机试验站控制装置设计1-DG型液压缸的设计1-DSZY-50多功能液压装仓机1-DTⅡ型皮带机设计1-EX1000高效二次风选粉机（传动及壳体部件）设计1-EX1000高效二次风选粉机（转子部件）设计1-JHMB-14慢速绞车1-JKMD型多绳摩擦提升机1-JL Y3809机立窑（加料及窑罩部件）设计1-JL Y3809机立窑(窑体及卸料部件)1-K150卡丁车发动机设计1-LB2000沥青搅拌机设计1-LH9900拉丝机卷筒机构设计1-LLC8 x 363型机立窑袋式除尘器设计1-L Y3809机立窑（总体及传动部件）设计1-NO 23 双柱式汽车举升机设计1-Q3110滚筒式抛丸清理机的设计(总装、弹丸循环及分离装置、集尘器设计)1-Q3110滚筒式抛丸清理机的设计(总装、滚筒及传动机构设计)1-Q3110滚筒式抛丸清理机的设计(总装、抛丸器及停车装置的设计)1-S114型碾轮式混砂机的设计(混凝土)1-SF500100打散分级机回转部分及传动设计1-SF500100打散分级机内外筒体及原设计改进探讨1-SF500100打散分级机总体及机架设计1-SH280X85卧式混合机1-TGSS-50型水平刮板输送机1-WE67K-5004000液压板料折弯机1-WY型滚动轴承压装机设计1-X700涡旋式选粉机（壳体及传动部件）设计1-X700涡旋式选粉机（转子部件）设计1-XRB80型乳化液柱塞泵结构设计1-YT-6手持圆弧倒角机的设计1-ZRJ-350A真空乳化机传动系统和搅拌系统设计1-Φ1200熟料圆锥式破碎机1-φ1500 筒辊磨支承、喂料、卸料及导料装置设计1-φ3200×3100格子型球磨机设计1-安全带轧染整形生产线的设计1-拨叉加工自动线设计1-茶树重修剪机的设计1-柴油机P型喷油器的设计1-城市道路护栏清洗车刷洗箱设计1-齿耙清污机1-带式提升机12米45°72吨小时1-单筒冷却机传动装置设计1-电动绞车1-电葫芦机械系统设计1-电喷发动机摩托车传动系统1-电主轴的机械设计1-电主轴的机械设计1-多功能甘蔗中耕田管机改进设计1-多功能自动跑步机（机械部分设计）1-反应搅拌机1-非同步输送带(打印机)PLC1-粉体工程实验系统设计1-蜂窝煤成型机1-钢筋调直机1-钢筋弯曲机设计1-高压水射流喷丸机床1-高粘弹性面筋卷绕成形装置及夹持上位装置的设计1-高粘弹性面筋坯片辊压装置的试验与改进设计1-高粘弹性面筋坯片螺旋挤压装置的设计与测试1-隔水管套内焊缝自动焊接机设计1-刮板式流量计设计1-滚轮架1-荷湿旋流装置综合治理立窑烟尘和有害气体的研究1-洪干机1-机床安装用起重机的设计(梁与小车)1-机械式双头套皮辊机设计1-夹体自动下料机构1-简易卧式铣床传动装置设计1-绞肉机的设计1-金刚石砂轮修整器1-精密数控磨床的总体设计1-烤面包机1-可四轮定位四柱式汽车举升机设计1-空气压缩机V带校核和噪声处理1-离心分离器结构设计1-离心式渣浆泵结构设计1-立式过滤沉降离心机（总体设计及外壳部件设计）1-立窑烟尘和有害气体综合治理技术在水泥清洁生产中的应用设计1-链式推爪驱动传动装置1-露天健身器材的创新设计1-绿豆精选机设计1-螺栓球节点封板自动冲压模具（冲压自动送料机构设计）1-螺栓球节点封板自动冲压模具（总体设计及冲模设计）1-螺旋离心泵结构设计1-膜片式离合器设计（自带）1-磨粉机工作原理及结构设计1-皮带给料机结构设计（22。

Forging craft not when produces flaw1.Big crystal grainhyperpyrexia and the distortion degree insufficiency, or the end hammers the hyperpyrexia, or the distortion degree falls the human critical deformation range to cause. Aluminum alloy distortion degree oversized, forms the texture; Also the heat-resisting alloy distortion temperature excessively is low, forms when the mix distortion organization possibly causes the thick crystal grain2.The crystal grain is non-uniformThe crystal grain non-uniform is refers to forging certain spots the crystal grain to be specially thick, certain spots are actually small. Has the crystal grain non-uniform primary cause is semifinished materials each place distortion causes the crystal grain stave degree non-uniform not one, either the partial region distortion degree falls the human critical deformation range, either heat-resisting alloy partial work hardening, either when quenching heating the partial crystal grain is thick. High-temperature steel and heat-resisting alloy to crystal grain non-uniform specially sensitive. The crystal grain non-uniform will cause the forging the lasting performance, the weary performance to drop obviously.3.Chilling phenomenonWhen distortion because the temperature somewhat low or the distortion speed too is quick, as well as hammers the after-cooling excessively quickly, possibly causes the conditioning which the recrystallization causes not to be able to follow the strengthening which the distortion causes (hardening), after thus caused the hot forging the forging interior still the part retention cold-work organization. This kind of organization's existence enhanced the forging intensity and degree of hardness, but reduced the plasticity and toughness. The serious chilling phenomenon possibly causes the forging crack, sees example 78, 79, 83, 84.4.CrackThe crack is usually when forging has the big tensile stress, the shear stress or the additional tensile stress causes. The crack occurs the spot usually is biggest in the semifinished materials stress, the thickness thinnest spot. If the semifinished materials surface and the interior have the micro crack, or in the semifinished materials have the organization flaw, either hot-working temperature not when causes the material plasticity to reduce, either distortion speed excessively quickly, distortion degree oversized, surpasses the material permission the plastic indicator and so on, then in removes thick, pulls out long, the punch holes, the broaching, curving and working procedures and so on in extrusion all possibly produces the crack.5.ChapThe chap is presents the shallow turtle shape crack in the forging surface. In the forging forming the tension stress surface (e.g., fill has not protruded part or curving part) easiest to produce this kind of flaw. Causes the chap internal cause possibly is various:①Raw material gathers fusible elements and so on the Cu, Sn excessively are many.②When high temperature long time heating, the steel materials surface has the copper to separate out the surface which, the superficial crystal grain thick, the decarbonization, or passes through heats up many times.③The fuel measures including the sulfur excessively high, has the sulfur to infiltrate the human steel materials surface.6.Edge crackThe edge crack is when the drop forging and the cutting edge produces the crack in a minute modular surface place. The edge crack produces the reason possibly is:①In drop forging operation because hits hard causes the metal intense flowing to produce puts on the muscle phenomenon.②The magnesium alloy die forged item cutting edge temperature excessively is low; Copper alloy die forged item cutting edge hyperpyrexia.7.Minute modular surface crackThe minute modular surface crack refers to the crack which produces along a forging minute modular surface. Raw material mixes with nonmetallic many, when drop forging to divides the modular surface flowing and the centralism or the pipe remaining after the drop forging pushes the human edge often the shape ingredient modular surface crack.8.FoldThe fold was in the flow of metal process has oxidized the surface layer metal converged to form together. It may be (or multi-stocks) the metal convection convergence forms by two; Also might be the massive flowing is close to the part rapidly by a metal the surface layer strap flowing, both convergence will form; Also may be because the distortion metal has, the backflow curving forms; Also may be the partial metal local distortion, is oppressed others in another part of metals to form. Folding and raw material and semifinished materials shape, mold design, formed working procedure arrangement, lubrication situation and forging actual operation and so on related Not only the fold reduced the components load bearing area, when works because here stress concentration often becomes the weary source9.Puts on the classPuts on the class is the streamline distributes the improper one form. Is putting on flows the area, has certain angle distribution the streamline to converge originally to form together puts on the class, possibly and causes to put on flows the area inside and outside grain size difference to be disparate. Puts on the reason which the class produces with the fold to be similar, is by two metals or strap, but puts on flows the part which another metal affluxes form the metal still was a whole puts on the class to cause the forging mechanics performance to reduce, when puts on especially flows the belt both sides crystal grain difference is disparate, the performance reduces obviously.10.The forging streamline distribution is not suitableThe forging streamline distribution along is not refers on forging low time has streamline disorder phenomena and so on streamline cut-off, backflow, turbulent flow. If the mold design does not work as or the forging method choice is unreasonable, prefabricated semifinished materials streamline disorder; The worker does not operate when and the mold wears causes the metal to produce the non-uniform flowing, all may cause the forging streamline distribution not to be suitable. The streamline along cannot cause each mechanics performance to reduce, therefore regarding the important forging, all has the request which the streamline distributes.11.The casting organization remainsThe casting organization remains mainly appears in uses the ingot casting to make the semifinished materials in the forging. The cast condition organization mainly remains in the forging difficult deformation range. Forging compared to insufficient and forging method not when is the primary cause casting organization which the casting organizationremains produces remains can cause the forging the performance drop, attacks the tenacity and the weary performance in particular and so on.12.Carbide segregation rank not symbol requestThe carbide segregation rank symbol request mainly does not appear in the Lai body labor molding tool steel. Mainly is in the forging carbide distributes non-uniform, assumes the greatly massive centralism distribution or assumes the netted distribution. Creates this kind of flaw the primary cause is raw material carbide segregation rank is bad, adds it changes hammers when hammers compared to insufficient or the forging method not when has this kind of flaw forging, when heat treatment quenching easy partial superheat and quenches the crack. Makes the cutting tool and the mold use when easy breaking and so on.13.Banded structureThe banded structure is the ferrite and the pearlyte, the ferrite and the austenite, the ferrite and the bainite aswell as the ferrite and the martensite assumes the belt-shaped distribution in the forging one kind of organization, they appear in Asia altogether fold in the steel, the austenite steel and half martensite steel. This kind of organization, is when which the banded structure which two coexists in the situation forges distortion produces to be able to reduce the material the crosswise plastic indicator, specially resilience. Often is easy in forging either the components work along the lines of ferrite or two intersection point dehiscence.14.Partial backfill insufficiencyThe partial backfill insufficient mainly occurs in the muscle rib, the convex angle, the corner, the fillet spot, the size does not conform to the pattern requirement. Produces the reason possibly is:①The forging temperature is low, the metal fluidity is bad;②The equipment tonnage insufficient or the hammer strength is insufficient;③The system molds the design not to be unreasonable, the semifinished materials volume or the section size are unqualified;④In the mold chest cavity piles up the oxide skin or the welded together distortion metal.15.Owes the pressureOwes the pressure to refer is vertical increases, the reason to the minute modular surface direction size which produces possibly is generally:①The forging temperature is low.②The equipment tonnage is insufficient, hammer strength insufficiency or hammer number of times insufficient16.Wrong movesWrong moves is the forging is opposite along the minute modular surface upper half in the lower part has the displacement. Produces the reason possibly is:①Slide (hammer head) and between guide rail gap oversized;②The forging die design is unreasonable, lacks eliminates wrong moves the strength to close up an opening or the guide pillar;③Mold installment not good17.The spool thread is curvingThe forging spool thread is curving, has the error with the plane geometry position. Produces the reason possibly is:①The forging leaves when the mold does not pay attention;②When cutting edge the stress is uneven;③The forging cools when various part of temperature decrease speed not one;④The cleaning up and the heat treatment improper锻造工艺不当产生的缺陷1.大晶粒大晶粒通常是由于始锻温度过高和变形程度不足、或终锻温度过高、或变形程度落人临界变形区引起的。

摘要随着社会的发展，汽车在生产和生活中的越来越广泛，差速器是汽车中的重要部件，其壳体的结构及加工精度直接影响差速器的正常工作，因此研究差速器的加工方法和工艺的编制是十分必要和有意义的。

本次设计主要内容有：差速器的工作原理结构分析，差速器壳体的工艺编制，夹具的设计及加工中对定位基准的选择，工序和工装设计中切削用量，夹紧力的计算等。

机床夹具的种类很多，其中，使用范围最广的通用夹具，规格尺寸多已标准化，并且有专业的工厂进行生产。

而广泛用于批量生产，专为某工件加工工序服务的专用夹具，则需要各制造厂根据工件加工工艺自行设计制造。

本设计的主要内容是设计镗孔夹具和钻孔夹具。

关键词：差速器，壳体，工艺规程，夹具设计AbstractAlong with social development motor vehicle production and life in anincreasingly wide differential device is an important vehicle componentsand its interior structure and processing precision differential devicedirectly affect the normal work study differential device case processingmethods and techniques of preparation is necessary andmeaningful. Thecurrent design of the main elements: differential devicestructuresoperating principles of analysis differential device case preparationprocesses design and smooth-bore jig for positioning baseline processingoptions smooth-boredesign processes suits cutting consumption increasedcomputing power.Machine toolfixture of many kinds, among them, the most widely used common fixture, sizespecifications have been standardized, and a professional production plant. While widely used in batch production, designed for a certain workpiece processing services for the fixture, it needs each factory according to workpiece machining technology to design and manufacture. The main contents of this design is the design of drilling jig and milling fixture, the need for parts than22hole milling face milling.Key Words:differential device，case，technological process，jig design目录摘要 (1)Abstract (2)目录 (3)第1章绪论 (5)1.1 课题的背景及意义 (5)1.2 差速器的主要分类 (5)1.2.1 开式差速器 (5)1.2.2 限滑差速器 (6)1.3 差速器结构 (6)1.3论文主要内容 (7)第2章零件的分析 (7)2.1 零件的作用 (7)2.2 零件的工艺分析 (8)第3章工艺规程设计 (9)3.1 基准面的选择 (9)3.1.1 粗基准的选择 (10)3.1.2 精基准的选择 (10)3.2 毛坯的制造形式 (10)3.3 制订工艺路线 (10)3.3.1. 工艺线路方案一 (10)3.3.2 工艺路线方案二 (11)3.3.3. 工艺方案的比较与分析 (11)3.4 机械加工余量、工序尺寸及毛坯尺寸的确定 (12)3.4.1 外圆表面 (12)3.5 内圆表面 (14)3.4.3 端面 (15)3.4.4 凸台 (16)3.4.5 孔类 (16)第4章 确定差速器切削用量及基本工时 (16)4.1 工序1 铣φ200外圆右端面（大头）。

第1章绪论1.1 课题的背景及意义对于整车的结构体系来说，差速器只是装在两个驱动半轴之间的一个小轴承。

看似微不足道，但如果没有它，两个驱动半轴之间以刚性连接，左右车轮的转速保持一致，汽车将只能直线行驶，不能转弯。

自从一百年前雷诺汽车公司的创始人路易斯·雷诺发明出差速器后，它就在汽车上发挥着巨大作用。

现在每辆汽车上都装有差速器。

顾名思义，差速器的作用就是使两侧车轮转速不同。

当汽车转弯时，例如左转弯，弯心在左侧，在相同的时间内右侧车轮要比左侧车轮走过的轨迹要长，所以右侧车轮转的要更快一些。

要达到这个效果，就得通过差速器来调节。

差速器由差速器壳、行星齿轮、行星齿轮轴和半轴齿轮等机械零件组成。

发动机的动力经变速器从动轴进入差速器后，直接驱动差速器壳，再传递到行星齿轮，带动左、右半轴齿轮，进而驱动车轮，左右半轴的转速之和等于差速器壳转速的两倍。

当汽车直线行驶时，行星齿轮，左、右半轴齿轮和驱动车轮三者转速相同。

当转弯时，由于汽车受力情况发生变化，反馈在左右半轴上，进而破坏差速器原有的平衡，这时转速重新分配，导致内侧车轮转速减小，外侧车轮转速增加，重新达到平衡状态，同时，汽车完成转弯动作。

差速器就是一种将发动机输出扭矩一分为二的装置，允许转向时输出两种不同的转速。

在现代轿车或货车，包括许多四轮驱动汽车上，都能找到差速器。

这些四轮驱动车的每组车轮之间都需要差速器。

同样，其两前轮和两后轮之间也需要一个差速器。

这是因为汽车转弯时，前轮较之后轮，走过的距离是不相同的。

差速器有三大功用：把发动机发出的动力传输到车轮上；充当汽车主减速齿轮，在动力传到车轮之前将传动系的转速减下来；将动力传到车轮上，同时，允许两轮以不同的轮速转动。

当汽车转向时，车轮以不同的速度旋转。

在转弯时，每个车轮驶过的距离不相等，即内侧车轮比外侧车轮驶过的距离要短。

因为车速等于汽车行驶的距离除以通过这段距离所花费的时间，所以行驶距离短的车轮转动的速度就慢。