中英文语序差异答案
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英汉句式差异及翻译中的语序调整——定语及定语从句语序的调整一.定语语序调整见课本P96二.定语从句语序调整(1) 前置译法限制性定语从句往往要译成‚……的‛这种句型的前置定语结构,因为限制性定语从句与所修饰的词关系密切,若分开译则会影响主句意思的完整。
也有一些非限制性定语从句,或因结构较短,或因与被修饰词关系较为密切,或因拆译后将会造成译文结构松散,在这种情况下也可以译成前置定语结构。
1.The pressure is also heavy on students who just want to graduate and get a job.2.My brother’s laugh, which was very infectious, broke the silence.3.There will come the day when people the world over will live a happy life under the sun of socialism.4.A writer’s work is a constant struggle to get the ri ght word in the right place, to find that particular word that will convey his meaning exactly, that will persuade the reader or soothe him or amuse him.5.An eminent American historian, Barbara Tuchman, who has been highly acclaimed for her narrative histories, gained her first significant recognition in 1958.(2) 后置译法后置译法在非限制性定语从句中使用得比较普遍。
中英文语序差异1.如果你方便的话,我想请你把这份讲稿译成德语/法语。
(convenient)If it is convenient to you, I’d like you to translate the speech into German/French.2.我想他不会辞去这份高薪工作的。
(think)I don’t think he will quit the well-paid job. (否定转移)3.我认为你找到男生宿舍不会有困难。
(difficulty)I don’t think you will have any difficulty finding the boys’ dormitory.(否定转移)4.上个月发生的那起空难使二百多人丧生。
(cost)The air crash which happened last month cost over 200 people their lives. (cost sb sth)5.人们可以在网上找到任何有价值的信息。
(available)Any valuable information is available on the Internet. (sth is available( to sb)) 6.任何在该校就读的学生都能使用学校的图书馆。
(accessible)The school library is accessible to any student who studies in this school.(sth is accessible to sb/ sb have access to sth )7.小学生有必要冬天每天穿校服吗?(necessary)Is it necessry for (primary) pupils to wear uniforms in winter every day?8.今晚你能来参加我的生日聚会吗?(possible)Is it possible for you to come to my birthday party tonight?9.他突然想到他把雨伞忘在公交车上了。
对外汉语的语序比较作者:蒋茜单位:四川大学文学与新闻学院1汉语和英语主干成分的语序对比在语序上,汉语和英语都是主谓宾结构。
通常情况下,汉、英的主干成分和语序是相同的。
下列5种基本句型的扩展、组合、省略和倒装等变式形成了汉英中复杂多样的句子。
(1)英语句型:SV=subject+intransitiveverb(主语+不及物动词)汉语句型:主语+谓语Thebellrang.门铃响了。
在这种句型中,汉英可按本来的语序翻译。
(2)英语句型:SVC=subject+linkingverb+subjectcomplement(主语+系动词+主语补语)汉语句型:主语+动词+补语Sheismygirlfriend.她是我女朋友。
上述句型中,汉语句型中的动词变化相对较多,其补语是补充说明述语的结果、程度、趋向、可能、状态、数量等的成分。
而英语句型中是系动词,其后的部分则是用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的。
但在这种句型中,汉英也基本上可按照本来的语序翻译。
(3)英语句型:SVO=subject+monotransitiveverb+directobject(主语+单宾动词+直接宾语)汉语句型:主语+谓语+宾语WestudyChinese.我们学习汉语。
汉语和英语中大多数动词都可作为单宾动词。
且汉英的宾语都主要表示动作的承受者或结果。
在这种句型中,汉英也是可以按照本来的语序翻译的。
(4)英语句型:SVoO=subject+ditransitiveverb+indirectobject+directobject(主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语)汉语句型:主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语TheteachergavemeaChinesebook.老师给了我一本汉语书。
宾语分为间接宾语和直接宾语。
这两种宾语在汉语和英语中均存在。
间接宾语主要指人(或动物),直接宾语主要指物或指事。
此句型中,汉英基本可以按照本来的语序翻译。
英汉翻译中的词序错位现象(Different Word 0rders)总的来说,汉英的语序基本一致。
正是因为这种语序是基本一致的,在汉英翻译时不一致的地方就容易出差错。
由于两种语言文化的表达、表述的习惯不同,形成一些固定说法的格式不同,如下面的例子,翻译时只有死记硬背。
这种死记硬背非常重要,是翻译的重要基本功之一。
在过去的翻译书中技巧讲得很多,但也应该重视固定说法的背诵功底。
1、英汉词序错位例如:水火fire and water贫富rich and poor新旧old and new长短short and long细长long and thin男婴baby boy女婴baby girl冷热hot and cool凉爽nice and cool前后back and forth左右right and left软硬hard and soft轻重heavy and light晴雨rain or shine增损loss and gain水陆land and water饮食food and drink钢铁iron and steel死活life and death手臂arms and hands河流湖泊lakes and rivers山水waters and mountains中小型small and medium文艺art and literature衣食food and clothing唯一的one and the only同一的one and the same血肉flesh and blood此时此地here and now文武military and civilian三三两两in twos and threes敌我ourselves and the enemy物理化学chemistry and physics工农业agriculture and industry年月month and year田径(运动)track and field (events)迟早sooner or later,first and last水土流失soil erosion and water loss新郎新娘the bride and the bridegroom手疾眼快quick of eye and deft of hand喜怒哀乐anger, grief, joy and happiness水乳交融as well blended as milk and water2、有一些情况汉英说法顺序差不多例如:上下up and down高低high and low老幼old and young父母father and mother夫妇man and wife黑白black and white(生活)沉浮ups and downs彻头彻尾from head to foot来龙去脉from beginning to end来来往往come and go, back and forth3、汉语习语中常有同义重复表达。
为什么英语句子和国语表达顺序不一样1. 英语句子排列的顺序是怎样的,很简单啊,抓住一句话的主要部分,既主语,谓语,宾语然后再看那些成分是修饰说明的,比如定语,那些是时间、地点、程度、方式、条件、因果的……,这些一般都是状语。
其实一个英文句子基本上就分这些成分。
A tall building, in which some old people have lived since it was built in 1976 , will be rebuilt next year because it has been detroyed in the earthquake.主干部分就是A building will be rebuilt. 定语in which some old people have lived since it was built in 1976 修饰主语building,其中又包含了一个状语从句since it was built in 1976 ,后面的because it has been detroyed in the earthquake.是原因状语从句。
汉语:很多老人从这座建筑物1976年始建就住在这里了,但是由于在地震中损坏严重,明年这座建筑物将被重建英文句子在主干的基础上可以很长很长,但是汉语翻译的时候要简单。
2. 英语语句顺序句子最基础是主语谓语宾语指示代词;能作主语宾语下面具体介绍一下句子结构: .第一基本句型【例译】 1.正在下着雨。
2.我的哥哥很用功。
3.我每天早晨六点钟起床。
4.日出于东而没于西。
5.比尔和吉姆每天都一起读书一起玩。
解说各例句的黑体字是主语,斜体字是谓语动词。
主语通常是一个,但是也可以如例5有两个,甚至两个以上都可以成立。
谓语动词也是一个较为普通,但是也可以如例4,5有两上,甚至更多也能成立。
本句型的Vi.属于完全不及物动词(Complete intransitive verb). 注:“There + be(Vi. ) + S…”也是属于第一基本句型。
1.翻译下列句子,注意调整语序1)A reader’s perception of the loose, slangy, colloquial, shirt-sleeved quality of much modern prose will be sharpened if he has experienced the conscious elegance of eighteenth-century writers and the solemn lecture-hall pronouncements of the Victorians. (按照逻辑顺序译)【译文】如果一位读者读过18世纪作家的作品,体会到其刻意追求典雅的语言风格,又读过维多利亚女王时代的人在演讲大厅上所作的庄严的发言,他定能更深刻地理解很多现代散文作品那种结构松散、口语色彩浓、好用俚语、不拘形式的语言风格。
2)He felt a qualm in his stomach, and it was more in memory of his own loneliness than anticipation of hers.(按照信息中心译)【译文】他感到一阵心酸,与其说是预见了她的凄凉,倒不如说是想到了他自己的孤独。
3)Based on national realities and taking reasonable aspects of foreign economies, Chinese economists are working to establish socialist market economy, which ensures economic activities follow the requirements of the law of value and the changing relationship between supply and demand. (按照搭配需要译)【译文】在立足本国实际和借鉴海外经济合理成分的基础上,中国经济学者正致力于建立社会主义市场经济,要保证经济活动遵循价值规律的要求,适应供求关系的变化。
中考语序不当的病句及答案【正文】中考语序不当的病句及答案在中考英语考试中,遇到语序不当的病句是一种常见情况。
正确的语序对于理解句子的意思至关重要。
本文将列举一些常见的语序错误,并提供答案及解析,以帮助学生更好地应对这一考点。
一、主语与谓语之间的语序错误1. 病句:Yesterday went home she.答案:She went home yesterday.解析:在英语中,主语通常位于谓语之前,因此正确的语序应为“主语 + 谓语”。
2. 病句:Wants to become she a doctor.答案:She wants to become a doctor.解析:在该句中,动词“wants”应位于主语之后,紧接着的是不定式短语“to become a doctor”。
3. 病句:Is reading a book he in the library.答案:He is reading a book in the library.解析:修饰语“in the library”应位于谓语动词“is reading”的后面。
二、宾语与动词之间的语序错误1. 病句:A book enjoyable I am reading.答案:I am reading an enjoyable book.解析:形容词“enjoyable”应该位于名词“book”的前面。
2. 病句:Yesterday I in the park met my friend.答案:Yesterday I met my friend in the park.解析:副词短语“in the park”应该紧跟谓语动词“met”。
3. 病句:Ice cream the children are eating.答案:The children are eating ice cream.解析:名词“ice cream”应该位于谓语动词“are eating”的后面。
中英文语序差异
1.如果你方便的话,我想请你把这份讲稿译成德语/法语。
(convenient)
If it is convenient to you, I’d like you to translate the speech into German/French.
2.我想他不会辞去这份高薪工作的。
(think)
I don’t think he will quit the well-paid job.
3.我们认为你找到男生宿舍不会有困难。
(difficulty)
We don’t think you will have any difficulty finding the boy s’dormitory.
4.上个月发生的那起空难使二百多人丧生。
(cost)
The air crash which happened last month cost over 200 people their lives.
5.人们可以在网上找到任何有价值的信息。
(available)
Any valuable information is available to people on the Internet.
6.任何在该校就读的学生都能使用学校的图书馆。
(accessible)
The school library is accessible to any student who stud ies in this school.
7.小学生有必要冬天每天穿校服吗?(necessary)
Is it necessary for (primary) pupils to wear uniforms in winter every day?
8.今晚你能来参加我的生日聚会吗?(possible)
Is it possible for you to come to my birthday party tonight?
9.他突然想到他把雨伞忘在公交车上了。
(occur)
It suddenly occurred to him that he had left his umbrella on
the bus.
10.多年之后人们才逐渐认识到严重的污染对环保产生的负面
影响。
(before)
It was many years before people came to realize the negative effect of the serious pollution on the environment.
11.专家们预言,过不了多久中国就能向月球发送载人飞船。
(before)
Experts predict that it won’t be long before China send s a manned spaceship to the moon.
12.你的词汇量越大,你会觉得理解英语文章越容易。
(easy)
The larger your vocabulary is, the easier you will find it to understand English articles.
13.你对上周在美术馆展出的中国古画感兴趣吗?(appeal)
Do the ancient Chinese paintings exhibited at the gallery last week appeal to you?
14.信不信由你,我大学毕业已经有十年了。
(since)
Believe it or not, it is ten years since I graduat ed from the university.
15.游客只能乘直升机到达山顶。
(accessible)
The top of the mountain is accessible to tourists only by helicopter.。