Schooling and Education 学校教育

学校和教育英汉翻译练习Education is the foundation for the development of individuals and plays a crucial role in shaping the future of a nation. It is undeniable that education is a topic of great importance in both Chinese and English-speaking countries. In this article, we will explore some key aspects related to schools and education and discuss their translations in English and Chinese.1. 学校类型 (Types of Schools)There are various types of schools in both Chinese and English-speaking countries. In English, we commonly use the terms "primary school," "secondary school," and "higher education" to refer to different levels of schooling. In Chinese, we have "小学" (primary school), "中学" (secondary school), and "高等教育" (higher education).2. 教育目标 (Educational Objectives)The objectives of education can differ slightly between Chinese and English-speaking countries. In English, education aims to develop individuals who are well-rounded, critical thinkers, and equipped with essential skills for the workforce. In Chinese, education focuses on nurturing students to become responsible citizens with a strong sense of social values.3. 教育制度 (Education System)The education systems in China and English-speaking countries have distinct features. In China, the education system typically follows a centralized curriculum, with a strong emphasis on examinations. In English-speaking countries, there is often more flexibility in the curriculum, allowing students to pursue their interests within certain guidelines.4. 教学方法 (Teaching Methods)Teaching methods are an essential aspect of education. In English, common teaching methods include lectures, discussions, and group work. In Chinese, teaching methods often involve a combination of lectures, exams, and homework assignments. Both systems aim to facilitate learning and help students acquire knowledge effectively.5. 教育资源 (Educational Resources)Access to educational resources is vital for students' development. In English, schools often provide libraries, laboratories, and computer facilities to support learning. In Chinese, schools also provide similar resources, such as 图书馆 (library) and 实验室 (laboratory). Additionally, with the rise of technology, online educational resources and platforms are becoming increasingly prevalent in both languages.6. 教育改革 (Education Reform)Education reform is an ongoing process that aims to improve and adapt the education system to meet the changing needs of society. In English-speaking countries, education reform often focuses on promoting innovation and critical thinking. In China, recent education reforms have aimed to reduce the academic burden on students and encourage more holistic development.Conclusion:In conclusion, schools and education are topics of great significance in both English and Chinese-speaking countries. While there may be slight differences in terminology and approaches, the fundamental goal remains the same – to provide quality education and create a bright future for our students. By understanding the similarities and differences between the two languages, we can effectively bridge the gap and promote cross-cultural understanding in education.Remember, education is not simply about language translation, but also about understanding and embracing different cultural perspectives. As the saying goes, "Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world" (Nelson Mandela). With this in mind, let's continue to strive for excellence in education and contribute to a better future.。

(一) The Happy DoorMildred Cram Happiness is like a pebble dropped into a pool to set in motion and ever-widening circle of ripples. As Stevenson has said, being happy is a duty.There is no exact definition of the word happiness. Happy people are happy for all sorts of reasons. The key is not wealth or physical well-being, since we find beggars, invalids and so-called failures, who are extremely happy.Being happy is a sort of unexpected dividend. But staying happy is and accomplishment, a triumph of soul and character. It is not selfish to strive for it. It is, indeed, a duty to ourselves and others.Being unhappy is like an infectious disease. It causes people to shrink away from the sufferer. He soon finds himself alone, miserable and embittered. There is, however, a cure so simple as to seem, at first glance, ridiculous: if you don‘t feel happy, pretend to be!It works. Before long you will find that instead of repelling people, you attract them. You discover how deeply rewarding it is to be the center of wider and wider circles of good will.Then the make-believe becomes a reality. You possess the secret of peace of mind, and can forget yourself in being of service to others.Being happy, once it is realized as a duty and established as a habit, opens doors into unimaginable gardens thronged with grateful friends.快乐之门快乐就像一块为了激起阵阵涟漪而丢进池塘的小石头。

学校和教育(Schooling and Education)学校和教育it is monly believed in united states that school is where people go to get an education. nevertheless, it has been said that today children interrupt their education to go to school. the distinction between schooling and education implied by this remark is important.education is much more open-ended and all-inclusive than schooling. education knows no bounds. it can take place anywhere, whether in the shower or in the job, whether in a kitchen or on a tractor. it includes both the formal learning that takes place in schools and the whole universe of informal learning. the agents of education can range from a revered grandparent to the people debating politics on the radio, from a child to a distinguished scientist. whereas schooling has a certain predictability, education quite often produces surprises.a chance conversation with a stranger may lead a person to discover how little is known of other religions. people are engaged in education from infancy on. education, then, is a very broad, inclusive term. it is a lifelong process, a process that starts long before the start of school, and one that should be an integral part of one’s entire life.schooling, on the other hand, is a specific, formalized process, whose general pattern varies little from one setting to the next. throughout a country, children arrive at school at approximately the same time, take assigned seats, are taught by an adult, use similar textbooks, do homework, take exams, and so on.the slices of reality that are to be learned, whether they are the alphabet or an understanding of the working of government, have usually been limited by the boundaries of the subject being taught. for example, high school students know that there not likely to find out in their classes the truth about political problems in their munities or what the newest filmmakers are experimenting with. there are definite conditions surrounding the formalized process of schooling.。

School And Education 学校和教育781. Children enter school at the age of five，don’t they？孩子们到五岁时就上学，是吗？782. In elementary school， the child learns to read and write.孩子们在小学里学习读和写。

783. In secondary school， children get more advanced knowledge.在中学里，孩子们得到更高的教育。

784. In universities，students train to become teachers and engineers.在大学里学生们被培训为老师和工程师。

785. He went to grade school in New york and high school in Cicargo.他在纽约上小学，在芝加哥上中学。

786. In college I majored in science. What was your major？大学里我的专业是科学。

你呢？787. My sister graduated from highschool.Graduation was last night.我姐姐从中学毕业。

毕业晚会在昨晚举行。

788. I’m a graduate of Yale University.I have a Bachelor of Arts degree.我是一名耶鲁大学的毕业生。

我获得了艺术学士学位。

789. If you expect to enter the university， you should apply now.如果你想上大学的话，你现在就应申请。

790. This is my first year of college. I’m a freshman.这是我大学的第一年。

narrative knowing 叙事学习narrative structure 叙事结构teaching profession 专业教师队伍foundational discipline 基础学科diversified profession 多元化专业教育minority teacher:少数民族教师New York State Department of Education 纽约市教育局school age population：学龄儿童teaching field:教学领域diverse teaching force:多样化教师队伍multicultural curricula 多元文化课程poor school 薄弱学校role model：行为榜样teaching staff：教师队伍disempowered group 被去权群体power relationship：权利关系teaching force:师资力量dominant culture 主流文化affirmative action program 肯定性行动计划course work 作业full certification 完全证书faculty member 大学教学人员significant learning 有意义学习aggressive reaction：积极反应、攻击反应native American印第安人institutional racism 制度种族主义too err too much 矫枉过正postbaccalaureate 学士以后的课程学位mid-career professionals：职业中期专业人士baccalaureate degree：学士学位college graduate：高校毕业生quick fix：权宜之计racial stereotype 种族偏见racist：种族主义者professional recognition 专业认可度progressive educator 进步教育者take their toll：遭报应too wait and look at:坐视不管career selection process：择业过程college placement service大学安置collegiate teacher 高校教师undergraduate admission offices：本科入学办公室admission process 入学程序teacher program:教师教育项目board of regent校务委员会teacher preparation programs：教师教育项目laissez-faire：放任政策lunch break：午休时间teachers council 教师联合会initiator：创始人, 发起人, 传授者, 教导者pedagogy：教学, 教授, 教育学annul：废除, 取消, 废止sinister：险恶的teaching body:教师delivery：传授方式antagonist：敌手, 对手democratic schooling 民主学校Schooling：学校教育, 学费moral authority 道德权威indoctrination：教导, 教化transformative intellectuals:转化性知识分子banking education 填鸭式教育schooling:学校教育democratic vision 民主视野responsible action 负责任的行为mentor teacher 辅导教师cooperating teacher：实习指导教师student teacher 实习教师Critically Reflective Teacher:批判反思型教师clinical experience：临床体验master teacher 骨干教师lead teacher with board certification 领导教师National Board Certification国家委员会：hierarchical profession：层级专业人士student teaching 教学实习teaching experience教学实践critical inquiry 批判性探讨give voice to 发表意见deconstruction：解构,拆析(文学评论用语, 指找出文本中自身逻辑矛盾或自我拆解因素, 从而摧毁文本在人们心目中的传统建构)intellectual enquiry 知识探索lifetime certification 终身认证critical intellectuals:批判性知识分子public sphere 公共领域education reform movement 教育改革动向progressive people进步人士better off：状况好的经济状况好的，富裕的Knowledge-empowered Citizens：知识赋权的公民common ground：（观点、利益和目标的）共同基础，共同点，一致点vocational major 职业化专业conceptualization of curriculum 课程概念化multicultural education 多元文化教育cultural diversity 文化多样性teaching and learning 教学和学习beginning teacher 新教师classroom teaching 课堂教学developmental levels 发展水平matriculate：被录取入学被录取者rationale：基本原理multiculturalism - 多元文化(融合)论instructional intention 指导意图contour：轮廓, 周线, 等高线pluralistic society 多元社会cultural pluralism 文化多元化democratic citizenship 民主公民pluralistic classroom 多元化课堂教学educational process 教育过程relational learning 关系学习marginal group 边缘群体rendition：表演, 演唱, 翻译human legacy 人类遗产microculture 微文化subordinate group 弱势群体dominate group 主流群体intellectual skills 心智技能methodological idea 方法论思想educational idea 教育思想academic success 学业成就mediating variable 中介变量interative study交互学习reform initiative 改革构想pre-service preparation:职前培养ethnic diversity 种族多样性expressive behavior 表达性行为interactional setting 交流环境cultural intersection 文化交叉点cultural domination 文化支配ethnic identity 民族身份European American 欧洲美国人Eurocentric culture 欧洲中心主义文化instructional interaction 教学互动personal empowerment 个人赋权moral commitment 道德约束social engagement 社会参与社会融入social action 社会行动constituent group 选区居民proponent：建议者, 支持者, ［律］提出认证遗嘱者intercultural - 不同文化间的ethnocentrism：民族优越感ethnic prejudice种族偏见teacher-in-training 教师培训contextual analysis情景分析congruent：适合的self-presentation自我展示paradigm：范例跨学科interdisciplinarymultiethnic - 多种民族的Ethnographer：民族志学者, 人种学者Anthropologist：人类学者, 人类学家Psychologist：心理学者expressive dimension 表现向度dynamic dimension 动态维度ethnicity：种族划分vantage point：有利位置,优越地位,优势learning experience 学习经历developmentally appropriate 发展适应性affective maturity 情感成熟practicum：实习科目, 实习课classroom observation 课堂观察predetermined altitude：规定［预定］高度cultural context teaching文化语境教学sociology of education 教育社会学educational philosophy教育哲学educational thought教育思想educational ideas教育理念micro-teach 教学练习cognitive level 认知水平culturally responsive pedagogy 文化响应教学essential core 本质核心procedural protocol 程序协议operationlize实施Go Direct Initiative直接主动进入integrated teacher preparation 一体化教师教育multivariate analysis of variance 多元方差分析Reflection in action行动中反思Reflection about action行动后反思diverse learner 多元学习者Standard-based Teacher Education标准本位的教师教育competency-based teacher 能力本位教师教育教师导师faculty mentorteacher competency 教师能力teacher education accreditation 教师教育认证prerequisite course预修课程preliminary course预备课程subject area学科领域cognitive domain 认知领域case study 个案研究Independent Course 自选课程individual field placement 实习安置content area 知识领域professional competence 专业能力anecdotal evidence 传闻证据supervising teacher 视导教师induction year. 教第一年的入职培训期perceived competency 能力知觉substitute teacher 代课教师model of instruction 教学模式self-knowledge 自我认识teaching situation 教学情景institutional goal制度目标subject matter knowledge学科教学知识academic course 普通课程introduction to teaching 教学导论supervised practice 督导实习good teaching 优质教学'common agenda共同议程well-designed - 设计很好的;构思甚佳的Focused Observations焦点式观察teacher educator：教师教育者anti-intellectualism 反智主义conceptual orientation概念导向developmental stance 发展态势classroom experience课堂体验observation 观摩guided practice 导师指导实习school achievement学业成就frame of reference（影响人理解和判断事物的）信仰和准则culturally responsive文化回应教学法be held accountable for：为…..负责Interstate New Teacher Assessment and Support Consortiumintellectual processing 智力过程Culturally-Relevant Pedagogy 文化回应教学narrative perspective 叙述视角preparatory curriculum 预修课程pre-performance routine表现前列席动作Higher education in general一般的高等教育。

经典英文课文背诵５０篇（带翻译）>01 The Language of MusicA painter hangs his or her finished picture on a wall, and everyone can seeit. A composer writes a work, but no one can hear it until it is performed. Professional singers and players have great responsibilities, for thecomposer is utterly dependent on them. A student of music needs as long andas arduous a training to become a performer as a medical student needs to become a doctor. Most training is concerned with technique, formusicians have to have the muscular proficiency of an athlete or a ballet dancer. Singers practice breathing every day, as their vocal chords wouldbe inadequate without controlled muscular support. String players practicemoving the fingers of the left hand up and down, while drawing the bow toand fro with the right arm -- two entirely different movements.Singers and instrumentalists have to be able to get every note perfectly intune. Pianists are spared this particular anxiety, for the notes arealready there, waiting for them, and it is the piano tuner's responsibilityto tune the instrument for them. But they have their own difficulties: thehammers that hit the strings have to be coaxed not to soundlike percussion, and each overlapping tone has to sound clear.This problem of getting clear texture is one that confronts studentconductors: they have to learn to know every note of the music and how it should sound, and they have to aim at controlling these sounds withfanatical but selfless authority.Technique is of no use unless it is combined with musical knowledgeand understanding. Great artists are those who are so thoroughly at home inthe language of music that they can enjoy performing works written in any century.01 音乐的语言画家将已完成的作品挂在墙上，每个人都可以观赏到。

narrative knowing 叙事学习narrative structure 叙事结构teaching profession 专业教师队伍foundational discipline 基础学科diversified profession 多元化专业教育minority teacher:少数民族教师New York State Department of Education 纽约市教育局school age population：学龄儿童teaching field:教学领域diverse teaching force:多样化教师队伍multicultural curricula 多元文化课程poor school 薄弱学校role model：行为榜样teaching staff：教师队伍disempowered group 被去权群体power relationship：权利关系teaching force:师资力量dominant culture 主流文化affirmative action program 肯定性行动计划course work 作业full certification 完全证书faculty member 大学教学人员significant learning 有意义学习aggressive reaction：积极反应、攻击反应native American印第安人institutional racism 制度种族主义too err too much 矫枉过正postbaccalaureate 学士以后的课程学位mid-career professionals：职业中期专业人士baccalaureate degree：学士学位college graduate：高校毕业生quick fix：权宜之计racial stereotype 种族偏见racist：种族主义者professional recognition 专业认可度progressive educator 进步教育者take their toll：遭报应too wait and look at:坐视不管career selection process：择业过程college placement service大学安置collegiate teacher 高校教师undergraduate admission offices：本科入学办公室admission process 入学程序teacher program:教师教育项目board of regent校务委员会teacher preparation programs：教师教育项目laissez-faire：放任政策lunch break：午休时间teachers council 教师联合会initiator：创始人, 发起人, 传授者, 教导者pedagogy：教学, 教授, 教育学annul：废除, 取消, 废止sinister：险恶的teaching body:教师delivery：传授方式antagonist：敌手, 对手democratic schooling 民主学校Schooling：学校教育, 学费moral authority 道德权威indoctrination：教导, 教化transformative intellectuals:转化性知识分子banking education 填鸭式教育schooling:学校教育democratic vision 民主视野responsible action 负责任的行为mentor teacher 辅导教师cooperating teacher：实习指导教师student teacher 实习教师Critically Reflective Teacher:批判反思型教师clinical experience：临床体验master teacher 骨干教师lead teacher with board certification 领导教师National Board Certification国家委员会：hierarchical profession：层级专业人士student teaching 教学实习teaching experience教学实践critical inquiry 批判性探讨give voice to 发表意见deconstruction：解构,拆析(文学评论用语, 指找出文本中自身逻辑矛盾或自我拆解因素, 从而摧毁文本在人们心目中的传统建构)intellectual enquiry 知识探索lifetime certification 终身认证critical intellectuals:批判性知识分子public sphere 公共领域education reform movement 教育改革动向progressive people进步人士better off：状况好的经济状况好的，富裕的Knowledge-empowered Citizens：知识赋权的公民common ground：（观点、利益和目标的）共同基础，共同点，一致点vocational major 职业化专业conceptualization of curriculum 课程概念化multicultural education 多元文化教育cultural diversity 文化多样性teaching and learning 教学和学习beginning teacher 新教师classroom teaching 课堂教学developmental levels 发展水平matriculate：被录取入学被录取者rationale：基本原理multiculturalism - 多元文化(融合)论instructional intention 指导意图contour：轮廓, 周线, 等高线pluralistic society 多元社会cultural pluralism 文化多元化democratic citizenship 民主公民pluralistic classroom 多元化课堂教学educational process 教育过程relational learning 关系学习marginal group 边缘群体rendition：表演, 演唱, 翻译human legacy 人类遗产microculture 微文化subordinate group 弱势群体dominate group 主流群体intellectual skills 心智技能methodological idea 方法论思想educational idea 教育思想academic success 学业成就mediating variable 中介变量interative study交互学习reform initiative 改革构想pre-service preparation:职前培养ethnic diversity 种族多样性expressive behavior 表达性行为interactional setting 交流环境cultural intersection 文化交叉点cultural domination 文化支配ethnic identity 民族身份European American 欧洲美国人Eurocentric culture 欧洲中心主义文化instructional interaction 教学互动personal empowerment 个人赋权moral commitment 道德约束social engagement 社会参与社会融入social action 社会行动constituent group 选区居民proponent：建议者, 支持者, ［律］提出认证遗嘱者intercultural - 不同文化间的ethnocentrism：民族优越感ethnic prejudice种族偏见teacher-in-training 教师培训contextual analysis情景分析congruent：适合的self-presentation自我展示paradigm：范例跨学科interdisciplinarymultiethnic - 多种民族的Ethnographer：民族志学者, 人种学者Anthropologist：人类学者, 人类学家Psychologist：心理学者expressive dimension 表现向度dynamic dimension 动态维度ethnicity：种族划分vantage point：有利位置,优越地位,优势learning experience 学习经历developmentally appropriate 发展适应性affective maturity 情感成熟practicum：实习科目, 实习课classroom observation 课堂观察predetermined altitude：规定［预定］高度cultural context teaching文化语境教学sociology of education 教育社会学educational philosophy教育哲学educational thought教育思想educational ideas教育理念micro-teach 教学练习cognitive level 认知水平culturally responsive pedagogy 文化响应教学essential core 本质核心procedural protocol 程序协议operationlize实施Go Direct Initiative直接主动进入integrated teacher preparation 一体化教师教育multivariate analysis of variance 多元方差分析Reflection in action行动中反思Reflection about action行动后反思diverse learner 多元学习者Standard-based Teacher Education标准本位的教师教育competency-based teacher 能力本位教师教育教师导师faculty mentorteacher competency 教师能力teacher education accreditation 教师教育认证prerequisite course预修课程preliminary course预备课程subject area学科领域cognitive domain 认知领域case study 个案研究Independent Course 自选课程individual field placement 实习安置content area 知识领域professional competence 专业能力anecdotal evidence 传闻证据supervising teacher 视导教师induction year. 教第一年的入职培训期perceived competency 能力知觉substitute teacher 代课教师model of instruction 教学模式self-knowledge 自我认识teaching situation 教学情景institutional goal制度目标subject matter knowledge学科教学知识academic course 普通课程introduction to teaching 教学导论supervised practice 督导实习good teaching 优质教学'common agenda共同议程well-designed - 设计很好的;构思甚佳的Focused Observations焦点式观察teacher educator：教师教育者anti-intellectualism 反智主义conceptual orientation概念导向developmental stance 发展态势classroom experience课堂体验observation 观摩guided practice 导师指导实习school achievement学业成就frame of reference（影响人理解和判断事物的）信仰和准则culturally responsive文化回应教学法be held accountable for：为…..负责Interstate New Teacher Assessment and Support Consortiumintellectual processing 智力过程Culturally-Relevant Pedagogy 文化回应教学narrative perspective 叙述视角preparatory curriculum 预修课程pre-performance routine表现前列席动作Higher education in general一般的高等教育。

学校:nursery托儿所kindergarden幼儿园primary school/elementary school小学,secondary school中学教育higher education高等教育further education进修教育: parenting, schooling,enroll 入学admit 招收，录取Parents are obliged to do…父母有责任、义务去做。

compulsory education 强制教育、义务教育minors 未成年人immature 不成熟的学习的好处learn skills学习技能acquire knowledge学习知识，enrich knowledge丰富知识,widen horizon开阔视野,inspire interest激发兴趣,stimulate interest激发兴趣,cultivate v. 培养 hobbiesdevelop potentialsconduce to mental developmentlay a solid foundation for the future为将来打下坚实的根底学习上的问题:lack discipline缺少约束力/persistence毅力,test-oriented education应试型教育,quality education 素质教育cram for examinations突击考试,stuff 塞 materialsmemorise背, memorisation,rote learning死记硬背Test-taking techniques应试技巧害处：discourage critical thinking 打击评判性思维students stop questioning what they are being taught学生们不去质问他们学习的东西conduce to academic performance有助学习表现Adversely influence 负面地影响〔动作〕Exert adverse/unfavorable influence on对。

Schooling and Education上学与教育It is commonly believed in United States that school is where people go to get an education. Nevertheless, it has been said that today children interrupt their education to go to school. The distinction between schooling and education implied by this remark is important.美国人通常认为上学是为了受教育。

然而现在却有人认为孩子们上学打断了他们受教育的过程。

这种言论中所暗示的上学和受教育之间的区别非常重要。

Education is much more open-ended and all-inclusive than schooling. Education knows no bounds. It can take place anywhere, whether in the shower or in the job, whether in a kitchen or on a tractor. It includes both the formal learning that takes place in schools and the whole universe of informal learning.与上学相比，教育更开放，更广泛。

教育没有任何限制。

它可以在任何场合下进行，不论是在淋浴时还是在工作时，不论是在厨房里还是在拖拉机上。

它既包括在学校所受的正规教育，也包括一切非正规教育。

The agents of education can range from a revered grandparent to the people debating politics on the radio, from a child to a distinguished scientist. Whereas schooling has a certain predictability, education quite often produces surprises. A chance conversation with a stranger may lead a person to discover how little is known of other religions.传授知识的人可以是德高望重的老者，也可以是收音机里进行政治辩论的人们，可以是小孩子，也可以是著名的科学家。