2011年上海春考题再研究
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2011年上海市春季高考数学试卷一、填空题(本大题满分56分)本大题共有14题,考生应在答题纸相应编号的空格内直接填写结果,每题填对得4分,否则一律得零分.1.(4分)函数f(x)=lg(x﹣2)的定义域是.2.(4分)若集合A={x|x≥1},B={x|x2≤4},则A∩B=.3.(4分)在△ABC中,tanA=,则sinA=.4.(4分)若行列式=0,则x=.5.(4分)若,,则x=(结果用反三角函数表示)6.(4分)(x+)6的二项展开式的常数项为.7.(4分)两条直线l1:x﹣y+2=0与l2:x﹣y+2=0的夹角的大小是.8.(4分)若S n为等比数列{a n}的前n项的和,8a2+a5=0,则=.9.(4分)若椭圆C的焦点和顶点分别是双曲线的顶点和焦点,则椭圆C的方程是.10.(4分)若点O和点F分别为椭圆+y2=1的中心和左焦点,点P为椭圆上的任意一点,则|OP|2+|PF|2的最小值为.11.(4分)根据如图所示的程序框图,输出结果i=.12.(4分)2011年上海春季高考有8所高校招生,如果某3位同学恰好被其中2所高校录取,那么录取方法的种数为.13.(4分)有一种多面体的饰品,其表面右6个正方形和8个正三角形组成(如图),则AB与CD所成的角的大小是.14.(4分)为求方程x5﹣1=0的虚根,可以把原方程变形为(x﹣1)(x2+ax+1)(x2+bx+1)=0,由此可得原方程的一个虚根为.二、选择题(本大题满分20分)本大题共有4题,每题有且只有一个正确答案,考生应在答题纸的相应编号上,将代表答案的小方格涂黑,选对得5分,否则一律得零分.15.(5分)若向量,则下列结论正确的是()A.B.C. D.16.(5分)f(x)=的图象关于()A.原点对称B.直线y=x对称C.直线y=﹣x对称 D.y轴对称17.(5分)直线l:y=k(x+)与圆C:x2+y2=1的位置关系是()A.相交或相切B.相交或相离C.相切D.相交18.(5分)若,,均为单位向量,则=(,)是++=(,)的()A.充分不必要条件 B.必要不充分条件C.充要条件D.既不充分也不必要条件三、解答题(本大题满分74分)本大题共有5题,解答下列各题必须在答题纸相应编号规定区域内写出必要的步骤.19.(12分)已知向量=(sin2x﹣1,cosx),=(1,2cosx),设函数f(x)=•,求函数f(x)的最小正周期及x∈[0,]时的最大值.20.(14分)某甜品店制作蛋筒冰淇淋,其上半部分呈半球形,下半部分呈圆锥形(如图).现把半径为10cm的圆形蛋皮分成5个扇形,用一个扇形蛋皮围成锥形侧面(蛋皮厚度忽略不计),求该蛋筒冰淇淋的表面积和体积(精确到0.01).21.(14分)已知抛物线F:y2=4x(1)△ABC的三个顶点在抛物线F上,记△ABC的三边AB、BC、CA所在的直线的斜率分别为k AB,k BC,k CA,若A的坐标在原点,求k AB﹣k BC+k CA的值;(2)请你给出一个以P(2,1)为顶点、其余各顶点均为抛物线F上的动点的多边形,写出各多边形各边所在的直线斜率之间的关系式,并说明理由.22.(16分)定义域为R,且对任意实数x1,x2都满足不等式f()≤的所有函数f(x)组成的集合记为M,例如,函数f(x)=kx+b∈M.(1)已知函数f(x)=,证明:f(x)∈M;(2)写出一个函数f(x),使得f(x0)∉M,并说明理由;(3)写出一个函数f(x)∈M,使得数列极限=1,=1.23.(18分)对于给定首项x0>(a>0),由递推公式x n+1=(x n+)(n ∈N)得到数列{x n},对于任意的n∈N,都有x n>,用数列{x n}可以计算的近似值.(1)取x0=5,a=100,计算x1,x2,x3的值(精确到0.01);归纳出x n,x n+1,的大小关系;(2)当n≥1时,证明:x n﹣x n+1<(x n﹣1﹣x n);(3)当x0∈[5,10]时,用数列{x n}计算的近似值,要求|x n﹣x n+1|<10﹣4,请你估计n,并说明理由.2011年上海市春季高考数学试卷参考答案与试题解析一、填空题(本大题满分56分)本大题共有14题,考生应在答题纸相应编号的空格内直接填写结果,每题填对得4分,否则一律得零分.1.(4分)(2011•上海)函数f(x)=lg(x﹣2)的定义域是(2,+∞).【分析】对数的真数大于0,可得答案.【解答】解:由x﹣2>0,得x>2,所以函数的定义域为(2,+∞).故答案为:(2,+∞).2.(4分)(2011•上海)若集合A={x|x≥1},B={x|x2≤4},则A∩B={x|1≤x ≤2} .【分析】求解二次不等式化简集合B,然后直接利用交集运算求解.【解答】解:由A={x|x≥1},B={x|x2≤4}={x|﹣2≤x≤2},所以A∩B={x|x≥1}∩{x|﹣2≤x≤2}={x|1≤x≤2}.故答案为{x|1≤x≤2}.3.(4分)(2011•上海)在△ABC中,tanA=,则sinA=.【分析】由题意可得A为锐角,再由tanA==,sin2A+cos2A=1,解方程组求得sinA的值.【解答】解:在△ABC中,tanA=,则A为锐角,再由tanA==,sin2A+cos2A=1,求得sinA=,故答案为.4.(4分)(2011•上海)若行列式=0,则x=1.【分析】先根据行列式的计算公式进行化简,然后解指数方程即可求出x的值.【解答】解:∵=0,∴2×2x﹣4=0,即2x=2,∴x=1.故答案为:1.5.(4分)(2011•上海)若,,则x=(结果用反三角函数表示)【分析】利用反正弦函数的定义,由角的范围为,故可直接得到答案.【解答】解:由于,根据反正弦函数的定义可得x=故答案为6.(4分)(2011•上海)(x+)6的二项展开式的常数项为20.【分析】在二项展开式的通项公式中,令x的幂指数等于0,求出r的值,即可求得常数项.=•x6﹣r•x﹣r=•x6﹣2r.【解答】解:(x+)6的二项展开式的通项公式为T r+1令6﹣2r=0,求得r=3,故展开式的常数项为=20,故答案为20.7.(4分)(2011•上海)两条直线l1:x﹣y+2=0与l2:x﹣y+2=0的夹角的大小是.【分析】设两条直线的夹角为θ,求得tanθ=||的值,可得tan2θ的值,求得2θ 的值,可得θ的值.【解答】解:由于两条直线l1:x﹣y+2=0与l2:x﹣y+2=0的斜率分别为、1,设两条直线的夹角为θ,则tanθ=||=||==2﹣,∴tan2θ==,∴2θ=,θ=,故答案为.8.(4分)(2011•上海)若S n为等比数列{a n}的前n项的和,8a2+a5=0,则=﹣7.【分析】根据已知的等式变形,利用等比数列的性质求出q3的值,然后分别根据等比数列的通项公式及前n项和公式,即可求出结果.【解答】解:由8a2+a5=0,得到=q3=﹣8===﹣7故答案为:﹣7.9.(4分)(2011•上海)若椭圆C的焦点和顶点分别是双曲线的顶点和焦点,则椭圆C的方程是.【分析】先确定双曲线的顶点和焦点坐标,可得椭圆C的焦点和顶点坐标,从而可得椭圆C的方程【解答】解:双曲线的顶点和焦点坐标分别为(±,0)、(±3,0)∵椭圆C的焦点和顶点分别是双曲线的顶点和焦点,∴椭圆C的焦点和顶点坐标分别为(±,0)、(±3,0)∴a=3,c=∴∴椭圆C的方程是故答案为:10.(4分)(2011•上海)若点O和点F分别为椭圆+y2=1的中心和左焦点,点P为椭圆上的任意一点,则|OP|2+|PF|2的最小值为2.【分析】先求出左焦点坐标F,设P(x,y),根据P(x,y)在椭圆上可得到x、y的关系式,表示出|OP|2+|PF|2,再将x、y的关系式代入组成二次函数进而可确定答案.【解答】解:由题意,F(﹣1,0),设点P(x,y),则有+y2=1,解得y2=1﹣,因为|OP|2+|PF|2=x2+y2+(x+1)2+y2=x2+(x+1)2+2﹣x2=(x+1)2+2,此二次函数对应的抛物线的对称轴为x=﹣1,|OP|2+|PF|2的最小值为2.故答案为:2.11.(4分)(2011•上海)根据如图所示的程序框图,输出结果i=8.【分析】按要求一步步代入循环体,直到符合要求退出循环,即可得到结论.【解答】解:因为i=0,t=76;不满足t≤0,∴t=76﹣10=66,i=0+1=1;不满足t≤0,∴t=66﹣10=56,i=1+1=2;不满足t≤0,∴t=56﹣10=46,i=2+1=3;不满足t≤0,∴t=46﹣10=36,i=3+1=4;不满足t≤0,∴t=36﹣10=26,i=4+1=5;不满足t≤0,∴t=26﹣10=16,i=5+1=6;不满足t≤0,∴t=16﹣10=6,i=6+1=7;不满足t≤0,∴t=6﹣10=﹣4,i=7+1=8;满足t≤0,输出结果i=8.故答案为:8.12.(4分)(2011•上海)2011年上海春季高考有8所高校招生,如果某3位同学恰好被其中2所高校录取,那么录取方法的种数为168.【分析】解决这个问题得分三步完成,第一步把三个学生分成两组,第二步从8所学校中取两个学校,第三步,把学生分到两个学校中,再用乘法原理求解【解答】解:由题意知本题是一个分步计数问题,解决这个问题得分三步完成,第一步把三个学生分成两组,第二步从8所学校中取两个学校,第三步,把学生分到两个学校中,共有C31C22A82=168故答案为:168.13.(4分)(2011•上海)有一种多面体的饰品,其表面右6个正方形和8个正三角形组成(如图),则AB与CD所成的角的大小是.【分析】由图形补出正方体,可得所求的角即为ED与CD所成的角,在△CDE 中,由余弦定理可得答案.【解答】解:该饰品实际上就是正方体的8个顶角被切掉,切线经过正方体每条棱边的中点,如图:可得AB与CD所成的角即为ED与CD所成的角,设正方体的棱长为2,在△CDE中,可得CD=DE=,EC=,由余弦定理可得cos∠CDE==,故∠CDE=,故AB与CD所成的角为故答案为:14.(4分)(2011•上海)为求方程x5﹣1=0的虚根,可以把原方程变形为(x﹣1)(x2+ax+1)(x2+bx+1)=0,由此可得原方程的一个虚根为.【分析】化简方程的左边,比较系数,求出a,b,再求方程的虚根.【解答】解:由题可知(x﹣1)(x2+ax+1)(x2+bx+1)=(x﹣1)[x4+(a+b)x3+(2+ab)x2+(a+b)x+1]比较系数可得,∴∴原方程的一个虚根为,中的一个故答案为:.二、选择题(本大题满分20分)本大题共有4题,每题有且只有一个正确答案,考生应在答题纸的相应编号上,将代表答案的小方格涂黑,选对得5分,否则一律得零分.15.(5分)(2011•上海)若向量,则下列结论正确的是()A.B.C. D.【分析】由给出的两个向量的坐标,求出的坐标,然后直接进行数量积的坐标运算求解.【解答】解:由,则.所以.则.故选C.16.(5分)(2011•上海)f(x)=的图象关于()A.原点对称B.直线y=x对称C.直线y=﹣x对称 D.y轴对称【分析】先判断函数的定义域,然后利用函数奇偶性的定义进行判断.【解答】解:因为函数的定义域为R,所以定义域关于原点对称.f(x)==,则f(﹣x)=2﹣x﹣2x=﹣(2x﹣2﹣x)=﹣f(x),即函数f(x)为奇函数.故函数f(x)的图象关于原点对称.故选A.17.(5分)(2011•上海)直线l:y=k(x+)与圆C:x2+y2=1的位置关系是()A.相交或相切B.相交或相离C.相切D.相交【分析】根据点到直线的距离求出圆心到直线的距离d,再根据d与半径r的大小关系,得出结论.【解答】解:由于圆心(0,0),半径等于1,圆心到直线l:y=k(x+)的距离为d===<<r=1,故直线和圆相交,故选D.18.(5分)(2011•上海)若,,均为单位向量,则=(,)是++=(,)的()A.充分不必要条件 B.必要不充分条件C.充要条件D.既不充分也不必要条件【分析】均为单位向量,若,=(,)不成立;若=(,)可推得,由此可得.【解答】解:均为单位向量,,若,,则=(,)不成立;若均为单位向量,=(,)可推得所以“”是“”的必要不充分条件,故选B三、解答题(本大题满分74分)本大题共有5题,解答下列各题必须在答题纸相应编号规定区域内写出必要的步骤.19.(12分)(2011•上海)已知向量=(sin2x﹣1,cosx),=(1,2cosx),设函数f(x)=•,求函数f(x)的最小正周期及x∈[0,]时的最大值.【分析】利用两个向量的数量积公式求得函数f(x)的解析式为sin(2x+),根据x∈[0,],利用正弦函数的定义域和值域求函数的最大值.【解答】解:∵向量=(sin2x﹣1,cosx),=(1,2cosx),函数f(x)=•=(sin2x﹣1)+2cos2x=sin2x+cos2x=sin(2x+),故函数的周期为=π.∵x∈[0,],∴≤2x+≤,故当2x+=时,函数取得最大值为.20.(14分)(2011•上海)某甜品店制作蛋筒冰淇淋,其上半部分呈半球形,下半部分呈圆锥形(如图).现把半径为10cm的圆形蛋皮分成5个扇形,用一个扇形蛋皮围成锥形侧面(蛋皮厚度忽略不计),求该蛋筒冰淇淋的表面积和体积(精确到0.01).【分析】设出蛋筒冰淇淋的底面半径和高,由圆形蛋皮的周长等于5倍圆锥的底面周长求得圆锥底面半径,进一步求出圆锥的高,然后直接利用表面积公式和体积公式求解.【解答】解:设圆锥的底面半径为r,高为h.因为,所以r=2.则.则圆锥的表面积S=.体积V=.故该蛋筒冰淇淋的表面积约为87.96cm2,体积约为57.80cm3.21.(14分)(2011•上海)已知抛物线F:y2=4x(1)△ABC的三个顶点在抛物线F上,记△ABC的三边AB、BC、CA所在的直线的斜率分别为k AB,k BC,k CA,若A的坐标在原点,求k AB﹣k BC+k CA的值;(2)请你给出一个以P(2,1)为顶点、其余各顶点均为抛物线F上的动点的多边形,写出各多边形各边所在的直线斜率之间的关系式,并说明理由.【分析】(1)设B(x1,y1),C(x2,y2),把B、C点左边代入抛物线方程,利用斜率公式计算k AB﹣k BC+k CA的值即可;(2)先研究△PBC,四边形PBCD,五边形PBCDE,再研究n=2k,n=2k﹣1(k∈N,k≥2)边形的情形,最后研究n边形P1P2…Pn(k∈N,k≥3),按由特殊到一般的思路逐步得到结论;【解答】解:(1)设B(x1,y1),C(x2,y2),∵,,∴k AB﹣k BC+k CA=+=﹣+=0;(2)①研究△PBC,k PB﹣k BC+k CP=﹣+=﹣+==1;②研究四边形PBCD,k PB﹣k BC+k CD﹣k DP=﹣+﹣=0;③研究五边形PBCDE,k PB﹣k BC+k CD﹣k DE+k EP=﹣+﹣==1;④研究n=2k边形P1P2…P2k(k∈N,k≥2),其中P1=P,有﹣…+=0,证明:左边=+===0=右边;⑤研究n=2k﹣1边形P1P2…P2k﹣1(k∈N,k≥2),其中P1=P,有+﹣…+(﹣1)2k﹣2=1,证明:左边=+===1=右边;⑥研究n边形P1P2…Pn(k∈N,k≥3),其中P1=P,有+﹣…+(﹣1)n﹣1=,证明:左边=+(﹣1)n﹣1=[1+(﹣1)n﹣1]==右边.22.(16分)(2011•上海)定义域为R,且对任意实数x1,x2都满足不等式f()≤的所有函数f(x)组成的集合记为M,例如,函数f(x)=kx+b ∈M.(1)已知函数f(x)=,证明:f(x)∈M;(2)写出一个函数f(x),使得f(x0)∉M,并说明理由;(3)写出一个函数f(x)∈M,使得数列极限=1,=1.【分析】(1)分类讨论,验证f()≤成立,即可得到结论;(2)利用条件,构造函数f(x)=﹣x2,f(x)∉M,再取值验证即可;(3)利用条件,构造函数f(x)=满足f(x)∈M,验证条件即可.【解答】解:(1)证明:由题意,当x1≤x2≤0或0≤x1≤x2时,f()≤成立设x1≤0≤x2,且<0,∵﹣f()==0∴f()≤成立设x1≤0≤x2,且≥0,∵﹣f()==0∴f()≤成立∴综上所述,f(x)∈M;(2)如函数f(x)=﹣x2,f(x)∉M取x1=﹣1,x2=1,则=﹣1,f()=0此时f()≤不成立;(3)f(x)=满足f(x)∈M,且==1,==1.23.(18分)(2011•上海)对于给定首项x0>(a>0),由递推公式x n+1=(x n+)(n∈N)得到数列{x n},对于任意的n∈N,都有x n>,用数列{x n}可以计算的近似值.(1)取x0=5,a=100,计算x1,x2,x3的值(精确到0.01);归纳出x n,x n+1,的大小关系;(2)当n≥1时,证明:x n﹣x n+1<(x n﹣1﹣x n);(3)当x0∈[5,10]时,用数列{x n}计算的近似值,要求|x n﹣x n+1|<10﹣4,请你估计n,并说明理由.【分析】(1)利用数列递推式,代入计算,即可得到结论,同时可猜想结论;(2)作差,利用条件,证明其大于0,即可得到结论;(3)由题意,只要,由此可估计n的值.【解答】(1)解:∵x0=5,a=100,x n+1=(x n+)∴x1=(5+)≈4.74同理可得x2≈4.67,x3≈4.65猜想x n>x n+1;(2)证明:x n﹣x n+1﹣(x n﹣1﹣x n)==∵;∴x n﹣x n+1==>0∴x n>x n+1∴;(3)解:由(2)知<…<由题意,只要,即2n>104(x0﹣x1)∵∴n>=15.1∴n=16.。
2011年上海市春季高考数学试卷2011.01一. 填空题(本大题共14题,每题4分,满分56分) 1. 函数lg(2)y x 的定义域是2. 若集合{|1}A x x ,2{|4}B x x ,则A B3. 在△ABC中,若tan 3A,则sin A 4. 若行列式24012x,则x 5. 若1sin 3x,[,]22x ,则x (结果用反三角函数表示) 6. 61()x x的二项展开式的常数项为7.两条直线1:20l x 与2:20l x y 夹角的大小是 8. 若n S 为等比数列{}n a 的前n 项和,2580a a ,则63S S 9. 若椭圆C 焦点和顶点分别是双曲线22154x y 的顶点和焦点,则椭圆C 的方程是10. 若点O 和点F 分别为椭圆2212x y 的中心和左焦点,点P 为椭圆上的任意一点,则22||||OP PF的最小值为11. 根据如图所示的程序框图,输出结果i 12. 2011年上海春季高考有8所高校招生,如果某3位同学恰好被其中2所高校录取,那么录取方法的种数为 13. 有一种多面体的饰品,其表面由6个正方形和8 个正三角形组成(如图),AB 与CD 所成角的大小 是14. 为求解方程510x 的虚根,可以把原方程 变形为432(1)(1)0x x x x x ,再变形为22(1)(1)(1)0x x ax x bx ,由此可得原方程的一个虚根为二. 选择题(本大题共4题,每15. 若向量(2,0)a,(1,1b A. 1a b B. 16. 函数41()2x xf x 的图象关A. 原点对称 B. 直线17. 直线1:()2l y k x 与圆A. 相交或相切 18. 若1a 、2a 、3a 均为单位向A. 充分不必要条件 C. 充分必要条件三. 解答题(本大题共5题,共19. 向量(sin 21,cos )a x x正周期及[0,]2x时的最大值20. 某甜品店制作一种蛋筒冰激径为10cm 的圆形蛋皮等分成求该蛋筒冰激凌的表面积和体题,每题5分,共20分)(1,1),则下列结论正确的是( )||||a b C. ()a b b图象关于( ) y x 对称 C. 直线y x 对称 22:1C x y 的位置关系为( )B. 相交或相离C. 相切单位向量,则133a是123a a aB. 必要不充分条件 D. 既不充分又不必要条件 12+14+14+16+18=74分)os ,(1,2cos )b x ,设函数()f x a b ,求函数最大值. 筒冰激凌,上部分是半球形,下半部分呈圆锥形(如分成5个扇形,用一个蛋皮围成圆锥的侧面(蛋皮厚度积和体积.(精确到0.01) D. a ∥b D. y 轴对称 D. 相交的( ) 求函数()f x 的最小 (如图),现把半厚度忽略不计),21. 已知抛物线2:4F x y .(1)△ABC 的三个顶点在抛物线F 上,记△ABC 的三边AB 、BC 、CA 所在直线的斜率分别为AB k 、BC k 、CA k ,若点A 在坐标原点,求AB BC CA k k k 的值;(2)请你给出一个以(2,1)P 为顶点,且其余各顶点均为抛物线F 上的动点的多边形,写出 多边形各边所在直线的斜率之间的关系式,并说明理由. 说明:第(2)题将根据结论的一般性程度给与不同的评分.22. 定义域为R ,且对任意实数1x 、2x 都满足不等式1212()()(22x x f x f x f 的所有 函数()f x 组成的集合记为M ,例如()f x kx b M .(1)已知函数0()102x x f x x x,证明:()f x M ; (2)写出一个函数()f x ,使得()f x M ,并说明理由;(3)写出一个函数()f x M ,使得数列极限2()lim1n f n n,()lim 1n f n n.23.对于给定首项0x 0a ),由递推式11(2n n x x *n N )得到数列{}n x ,且对于任意的*n N,都有n x,用数列{}n x的近似值.(1)取05x ,100a ,计算1x 、2x 、3x 的值(精确到0.01), 并且归纳出n x 、1n x 的大小关系; (2)当1n 时,证明:111()2n n n n x x x x; (3)当0[5,10]x 时,用数列{}n x41||10n n x x , 请你估计n ,并说明理由.2012年上海市春季高考数学试卷2012.01一. 填空题(本大题共14题,每题4分,满分56分)1. 已知集合{1,2,}A k ,{2,5}B ,若{1,2,3,5}A B ,则k2.函数y的定义域为3. 抛物线28y x 的焦点坐标为4. 若复数z 满足i 1i z (i 为虚数单位),则z5. 函数()sin(2)4f x x的最小正周期为6. 方程1420x x 的解为7. 若52345012345(21)x a a x a x a x a x a x ,则012345a a a a a a8. 若(2)()()x x m f x x为奇函数,则实数m9. 函数224log log y x x([2,4]x )的最大值 10. 若复数z满足|i|z (i 为虚数单位),则z 在复平面内所对应的图形的面积为11. 某校要从2名男生和4名女生中选出4人担任某游泳赛事的志愿者工作,则在选出的志 愿者中,男、女都有的概率为 (结果用数值表示)12. 若不等式210x kx k 对(1,2)x 恒成立,则实数k 的取值范围是 13. 已知等差数列{}n a 的首项及公差均为正数,令n b *n N ,2012n ), 当k b 是数列{}n b 的最大项时,k 14. 若矩阵11122122a a a a满足:11a 、12a 、21a 、22{1,1}a ,且111221220a a a a ,则这样的互 不相等的矩阵共有 个二. 选择题(本大题共4题,每题5分,共20分)15. 已知椭圆221:1124x y C ,222:1168x y C,则( ) A. 1C 与2C 顶点相同 B. 1C 与2C 长轴长相同 C. 1C 与2C 短轴长相同 D. 1C 与2C 焦距相等16. 记函数()y f x 的反函数为1()y f x ,如果函数()y f x 的图像过点(1,0),那么函数1()1y f x 的图像过点( )A. (0,0)B. (0,2)C. (1,1)D. (2,0) 17. 已知空间三条直线l 、m 、n ,若l 与m 异面,且l 与n 异面,则( ) A. m 与n 异面 B. m 与n 相交C. m 与n 平行D. m 与n 异面、相交、平行均有可能18. 设O 为△ABC 所在平面上一点,若实数x 、y 、z 满足0xOA yOB zOC(2220x y z ),则“0xyz ”是“点O 在△ABC 的边所在直线上”的( ) A. 充分不必要条件 B. 必要不充分条件 C. 充分必要条件 D. 既不充分又不必要条件三. 解答题(本大题共5题,共12+14+14+16+18=74分) 19. 如图,正四棱柱1111ABCD A B C D 的底面边长为1,高为2,M 为线段AB 的中点,求:(1)三棱锥1C MBC 的体积; (2)异面直线CD 与1MC 所成角的大小. (结果用反三角函数值表示)20. 某环线地铁按内、外环线同时运行,内、外环线的长均为30千米. (忽略内、外环线长度差异)(1)当9列列车同时在内环线上运行时,要使内环线乘客最长候车时间为10分钟,求内环 线列车的最小平均速度;(2)新调整的方案要求内环线列车平均速度为25千米/小时,外环线列车平均速度为30千 米/小时,现内、外环线共有18列列车全部投入运行,要使内、外环线乘客的最长候车时间 之差不超过1分钟,问:内、外环线应名投入几列列车运行?21. 已知双曲线221:14y C x .(1)求与双曲线1C 有相同的焦点,且过点P 的双曲线2C 的标准方程;(2)直线:l y x m 分别交双曲线1C 的两条渐近线于A 、B 两点,当3OA OB时,求实数m 的值.22. 已知数列{}n a 、{}n b 、{}n c 满足11()()n n n n n a a b b c (*n N ). (1)设36n c n ,{}n a 是公差为3的等差数列,当11b 时,求2b 、3b 的值; (2)设3n c n ,28n a n n ,求正整数k ,使得一切*n N 均有n k b b ;(3)设2nn c n ,1(1)2nn a ,当11b 时,求数列{}n b 的通项公式.23. 定义向量(,)OM a b的“相伴函数”为()sin cos f x a x b x ;函数()sin cos f x a x b x 的“相伴向量”为(,)OM a b(其中O 为坐标原点),记平面内所有向量的“相伴函数”构成的集合为S . (1)设()3sin()4sin 2g x x x,求证:()g x S ;(2)已知()cos()2cos h x x x ,且()h x S ,求其“相伴向量”的模;(3)已知(,)M a b (0b )为圆22:(2)1C x y 上一点,向量OM的“相伴函数”()f x 在0x x 处取得最大值,当点M 在圆C 上运动时,求0tan 2x 的取值范围.2013年上海市春季高考数学试卷2013.01一. 填空题(本大题共12题,每题3分,满分36分) 1. 函数2log (2)y x 的定义域是 2. 方程28x 的解是3. 抛物线28y x 的准线方程是4. 函数2sin y x 的最小正周期是5. 已知向量(1 )a k ,,(9 6)b k,,若a ∥b ,则实数k6. 函数4sin 3cos y x x 的最大值是7. 复数23i (i 是虚数单位)的模是8. 在△ABC 中,角A 、B 、C 所对边长分别为a 、b 、c ,若5a ,8c ,60B , 则b9. 在如图所示的正方体1111ABCD A B C D 中, 异面直线1A B 与1B C 所成角的大小为 10. 从4名男同学和6名女同学中随机选取3人参 加某社团活动,选出的3人中男女同学都有的 概率为 (结果用数值表示)11. 若等差数列的前6项和为23,前9项和为57,则数列的前n 项和n S 12. 36的所有正约数之和可按如下方法得到:因为223623 ,所以36的所有正约数之 和为22222222(133)(22323)(22323)(122)133)91 (, 参照上述方法,可求得2000的所有正约数之和为二. 选择题(本大题共12题,每题3分,共36分) 13. 展开式为ad bc 的行列式是( )A. a b d cB. a c b dC. a d b cD. b a d c14. 设1()f x 为函数()f x)A. 1(2)2fB. 1(2)4fC. 1(4)2fD. 1(4)4f 15. 直线2310x y 的一个方向向量是( )A. (2,3)B. (2,3)C. (3,2)D. (3,2)16. 函数12()f x x的大致图像是( )A. B. C. D.17. 如果0a b ,那么下列不等式成立的是( ) A.11a b B. 2ab b C. 2ab a D. 11a b18. 若复数1z 、2z 满足12z z ,则1z 、2z 在复数平面上对应的点1Z 、2Z ( ) A. 关于x 轴对称 B. 关于y 轴对称 C. 关于原点对称 D. 关于直线y x 对称 19. 10(1)x 的二项展开式中的一项是( )A. 45xB. 290xC. 3120xD. 4252x 20. 既是偶函数又在区间(0 ) ,上单调递减的函数是( )A. sin y xB. cos y xC. sin 2y xD. cos 2y x 21. 若两个球的表面积之比为1:4,则这两个球的体积之比为( ) A. 1:2 B. 1:4 C. 1:8 D. 1:16 22. 设全集U R ,下列集合运算结果为R 的是( )A. U Z NB. U N NC. ()U UD. {0}U 23. 已知a 、b 、c R ,“240b ac ”是“函数2()f x ax bx c 的图像恒在x 轴 上方”的( )条件A. 充分非必要B. 必要非充分C. 充要D. 既非充分又非必要 24. 已知A 、B 为平面内两定点,过该平面内动点M 作直线AB 的垂线,垂足为N ,若2MN AN NB,其中 为常数,则动点M 的轨迹不可能是( )A. 圆B. 椭圆C. 抛物线D. 双曲线三. 解答题(本大题共7题,共7+7+8+13+12+13+18=78分) 25. 如图,正三棱锥111ABC A B C 中,16AA ,异面直线1BC 与1AA 所成角的大小为6,求该三棱柱的体积.26. 如图,某校有一块形如直角三角形ABC 的空地,其中B 为直角,AB 长40米,BC 长50米,现欲在此空地上建造一间健身房,其占地形状为矩形,且B 为矩形的一个顶点,求该健身房的最大占地面积.27. 已知数列{}n a 的前n 项和为2n S n n ,数列{}n b 满足2n a n b ,求12lim n n b b b().28. 已知椭圆C 的两个焦点分别为1(1,0)F 、2(1,0)F ,短轴的两个端点分别为1B 、2B . (1)若△112F B B 为等边三角形,求椭圆C 的方程;(2)若椭圆C 的短轴长为2,过点2F 的直线l 与椭圆C 相交于P 、Q 两点,且11F P F Q,求直线l 的方程.29. 已知抛物线2:4C y x 的焦点为F .(1)点A 、P 满足2AP FA,当点A 在抛物线C 上运动时,求动点P 的轨迹方程;(2)在x 轴上是否存在点Q ,使得点Q 关于直线2y x 的对称点在抛物线C 上?如果存在,求所有满足条件的点Q 的坐标;如果不存在,请说明理由.30. 在平面直角坐标系xOy 中,点A 在y 轴正半轴上,点n P 在x 轴上,其横坐标为n x ,且{}n x 是首项为1、公比为2的等比数列,记1n n n P AP ,*n N .(1)若31arctan 3,求点A 的坐标;(2)若点A 的坐标为(0,求n 的最大值及相应n 的值.31. 已知真命题:“函数()y f x 的图像关于点(,)P a b 成中心对称图形”的充要条件为“函 数()y f x a b 是奇函数”.(1)将函数32()3g x x x 的图像向左平移1个单位,再向上平移2个单位,求此时图像 对应的函数解析式,并利用题设中的真命题求函数()g x 图像对称中心的坐标; (2)求函数22()log 4xh x x图像对称中心的坐标; (3)已知命题:“函数 ()y f x 的图像关于某直线成轴对称图像”的充要条件为“存在实数a 和b ,使得函数()y f x a b 是偶函数”,判断该命题的真假,如果是真命题, 请给予证明;如果是假命题,请说明理由,并类比题设的真命题对它进行修改,使之成为真 命题(不必证明).2014年上海市春季高考数学试卷2014.01一. 填空题(本大题共12题,每题3分,满分36分) 1. 若416x ,则x2. 计算:i(1i) (i 为虚数单位)3. 1、1、2、2、5这五个数的中位数是4. 若函数3()f x x a 为奇函数,则实数a5. 点(0,0)O 到直线40x y 的距离是6. 函数11y x的反函数为 7. 已知等差数列{}n a 的首项为1,公差为2,则该数列的前n 项和n S 8. 已知1cos 3,则cos 2 9. 已知a 、b R ,若1a b ,则ab 的最大值是10. 在10件产品中,有3件次品,从中随机取出5件,则恰含1件次品的概率是 (结果用数值表示)11. 某货船在O 处看灯塔M 在北偏东30°方向,它以每小时18海里的速度向正北方向航 行,经过40分钟到达B 处,看到灯塔M 在北偏东75°方向,此时货船到灯塔M 的距离为 海里 12. 已知函数2()1x f x x与()1g x mx m 的图像相交于A 、B 两点,若动点P 满足 ||2PA PB,则P 的轨迹方程为二. 选择题(本大题共12题,每题3分,共36分) 13. 两条异面直线所成的角的范围是( )A. (0,)2B. (0,]2C. [0,)2D. [0,]214. 复数2i (i 为虚数单位)的共轭复数为( )A. 2iB. 2iC. 2iD. 12i 15. 如图是下列函数中某个函数的部分图像, 则该函数是( )A. sin y xB. sin 2y xC. cos y xD. cos 2y x16. 在4(1)x 的二项展开式中,2x 项的系数为( ) A. 6 B. 4 C. 2 D. 1 17. 下列函数中,在R 上为增函数的是( )A. 2y xB. ||y xC. sin y xD. 3y x 18.cos sin sin cos( ) A. cos 2 B. sin 2 C. 1 D. 1 19. 设0x 为函数()22x f x x 的零点,则0x ( )A. (2,1)B. (1,0)C. (0,1)D. (1,2) 20. 若a b ,c R ,则下列不等式中恒成立的是( ) A.11a b B. 22a b C. ||||a c b c D. 2211a bc c 21. 若两个球的体积之比为8:27,则它们的表面积之比为( )A. 2:3B. 4:9C. 8:27D. 22. 已知数列{}n a 是以q 为公比的等比数列,若2n n b a ,则数列{}n b 是( ) A. 以q 为公比的等比数列 B. 以q 为公比的等比数列 C. 以2q 为公比的等比数列 D. 以2q 为公比的等比数列23. 若点P 的坐标为(,)a b ,曲线C 的方程为(,)0F x y ,则“(,)0F a b ”是“点P 在 曲线C 上”的( )A. 充分非必要条件B. 必要非充分条件C. 充分必要条件D. 既非充分又非必要条件 24. 如图,在底面半径和高均为1的圆锥中,AB 、CD是底面圆O 的两条互相垂直的直径,E 是母线PB 中点, 已知过CD 与E 的平面与圆锥侧面的交线是以E 为顶点 的抛物线的一部分,则该抛物线的焦点到圆锥顶点P 的 距离为( )A. 1B. 2C. 2D. 4三. 解答题(本大题共8题,共8+8+8+10+10+10+12+12=78分)30. 已知直角三角形ABC 的两直角边AC 、BC 的边长分别为b 、a ,如图,过AC 边的n 等分点i A 作AC 边的垂线i d ,过BC 边的n 等分点i B 和顶点A 作直线i l ,记i d 与i l 的交点 为i P (1,2,,1i n ),是否存在一条圆锥曲线,对任意的正整数2n ,点i P (1,2,,1i n )都在这条曲线上?说明理由.31. 某人造卫星在地球赤道平面绕地球飞行,甲、乙两个监测点分别位于赤道上东经131° 和147°,在某时刻测得甲监测点到卫星的距离为1537.45千米,乙监测点到卫星的距离为 887.64千米,假设地球赤道是一个半径为6378千米的圆,求此时卫星所在位置的高度(结 果精确到0.01千米)和经度(结果精确到0.01°).32. 如果存在非零常数c ,对于函数()y f x 定义域R 上的任意x ,都有()()f x c f x 成 立,那么称函数为“Z 函数”.(1)求证:若()y f x (x R )是单调函数,则它是“Z 函数”; (2)若函数32()g x ax bx 是“Z 函数”,求实数a 、b 满足的条件.2015年上海市春季高考数学试卷2015.01一. 填空题(本大题共12题,每题3分,共36分)1. 设全集为{1,2,3}U ,{1,2}A ,若集合则U A2. 计算:1ii(其中i 为虚数单位) 3. 函数sin(24y x的最小正周期为4. 计算:223lim 2n n n n5. 以(2,6)为圆心,1为半径的圆的标准方程为6. 已知向量(1,3)a ,(,1)b m,若a b ,则m7. 函数224y x x ,[0,2]x 的值域为 8. 若线性方程组的增广矩阵为0201a b,解为21x y ,则a b 9. 方程lg(21)lg 1x x 的解集为 10. 在921()x x的二项展开式中,常数项的值为 11. 用数字组成无重复数字的三位数,其中奇数的个数为 (结果用数值表示) 12. 已知点(1,0)A ,直线:1l x ,两个动圆均过点A 且与l 相切,其圆心分别为1C 、2C , 若动点M 满足22122C M C C C A,则M 的轨迹方程为二. 选择题(本大题共12题,每题3分,共36分) 13. 若0a b ,则下列不等式恒成立的是( ) A.11a bB. a bC. 22a bD. 33a b 14. 函数2(1)y x x 的反函数为( )A. y (1)xB. y (1)xC. y (0)xD. y (0)x 15. 不等式2301xx 的解集为( )A. 3(,4B. 2(,3C. 2(,(1,)3D. 2(,1)316. 下列函数中,是奇函数且在(0,) 上单调递增的为( ) A. 2y x B. 13y x C. 1y x D. 12y x17. 直线3450x y 的倾斜角为( ) A. 3arctan4 B. 3arctan 4 C. 4arctan 3 D. 4arctan 318. 底面半径为1,母线长为2的圆锥的体积为( )A. 2B.C.23D. 319. 以(3,0) 和(3,0)为焦点,长轴长为8的椭圆方程为( )A. 2211625x yB. 221167x yC. 2212516x yD. 221716x y20. 在复平面上,满足|1||i |z z (i 为虚数单位)的复数z 对应的点的轨迹为( ) A. 椭圆 B. 圆 C. 线段 D. 直线21. 若无穷等差数列{}n a 的首项10a ,公差0d ,{}n a 的前n 项和为n S ,则( ) A. n S 单调递减 B. n S 单调递增 C. n S 有最大值 D. n S 有最小值 22. 已知0a ,0b ,若4a b ,则( )A. 22a b 有最小值B. 有最小值C.11a b 有最大值 D. 有最大值23. 组合数122m m m nn n C C C (2,,)n m m n *N 恒等于( ) A. 2m n C B. 12m n C C. 1m n C D. 11m n C24. 设集合21{|10}P x x ax ,22{|20}P x x ax ,21{|0}Q x x x b , 22{|20}Q x x x b ,其中,a b R ,下列说法正确的是( )A.对任意a ,1P 是2P 的子集;对任意的b ,1Q 不是2Q 的子集B. 对任意a ,1P 是2P 的子集;存在b ,使得1Q 是2Q 的子集C. 存在a ,使得1P 不是2P 的子集;对任意的b ,1Q 不是2Q 的子集D. 存在a ,使得1P 不是2P 的子集;存在b ,使得1Q 是2Q 的子集三. 解答题(本大题共5题,共8+8+8+12+12=48分)25. 如图,在正四棱柱中1111ABCD A B C D ,1AB ,1D B 和平面ABCD 所成的角的大小为arctan 4,求该四棱柱的表面积.26. 已知a 为实数,函数24()x ax f x x是奇函数,求()f x 在(0,) 上的最小值及取到最小值时所对应的x 的值.27. 某船在海平面A 处测得灯塔B 在北偏东30 方向,与A 相距6.0海里,船由A 向正北方向航行8.1海里到达C 处,这时灯塔B 与船相距多少海里(精确到0.1海里)?B 在船的什么方向(精确到1 )?28. 已知点1F 、2F 依次为双曲线2222:1x y C a b(,0)a b 的左右焦点,126F F ,1(0,)B b ,2(0,)B b .(1)若a ,以(3,4)d为方向向量的直线l 经过1B ,求2F 到l 的距离;(2)若双曲线C 上存在点P ,使得122PB PB,求实数b 的取值范围.29. 已知函数2()|22|x f x ()x R . (1)解不等式()2f x ;(2)数列{}n a 满足()n a f n ()n *N ,n S 为{}n a 的前n 项和,对任意的4n ,不等式12n n S ka恒成立,求实数k 的取值范围.附加题一. 选择题(本大题共3题,每题3分,共9分)1. 对于集合A 、B ,“A B ”是“A B A B ”的( ) A. 充分非必要条件 B. 必要非充分条件 C. 充要条件 D. 既非充分也非必要条件2. 对于任意实数a 、b ,2()a b kab 均成立,则实数k 的取值范围是( ) A. {4,0} B. [4,0] C. (,0] D. (,4][0,)3. 已知数列{}n a 满足413n n n n a a a a ()n *N ,那么( ) A. {}n a 是等差数列 B. 21{}n a 是等差数列 C. 2{}n a 是等差数列 D. 3{}n a 是等差数列二. 填空题(本大题共3题,每题3分,共9分)4. 关于x 的实系数一元二次方程220x px 的两个虚数根为1z 、2z ,若1z 、2z 在复平 面上对应的点是经过原点的椭圆的两个焦点,则该椭圆的长轴长为5. 已知圆心为O ,半径为1的圆上有三点A 、B 、C ,若7580OA OB OC,则 ||BC6. 函数()f x 与()g x 的图像拼成如图所示“Z ”字形 折线段ABOCD ,不含(0,1)A ,(1,1)B ,(0,0)O ,(1,1)C ,(0,1)D 五个点,若()f x 的图像关于原点对称的图形即为()g x 的图像,则其中一个函数 的解析式可以为三. 解答题(本大题12分)7. 对于函数()f x 、()g x ,若存在函数()h x ,使得()()()f x g x h x ,则称()f x 是()g x 的“()h x 关联函数”.(1)已知()sin f x x ,()cos g x x ,是否存在定义域为R 的函数()h x ,使得()f x 是()g x 的“()h x 关联函数”?若存在,写出()h x 的解析式;若不存在,说明理由;(2)已知函数()f x 、()g x 的定义域为[1,) ,当[,1)x n n ()n N 时,()f x12sin1n xn,若存在函数1()h x 及2()h x ,使得()f x 是()g x 的“1()h x 关联函数”,且()g x 是()f x 的“2()h x 关联函数”,求方程()0g x 的解.2016年上海市春季高考(学业水平考试)数学试卷2016.01一. 填空题(本大题共12题,每题3分,共36分) 1. 复数34i (i 为虚数单位)的实部是 2. 若2log (1)3x ,则x 3. 直线1y x 与直线2y 的夹角为 4.函数()f x的定义域为5. 三阶行列式135400121中,元素5的代数余子式的值为 6. 函数1()f x a x的反函数的图像经过点(2,1),则实数a 7. 在△ABC 中,若30A ,45B,BC ,则AC8. 4个人排成一排照相,不同排列方式的种数为 (结果用数值表示) 9. 无穷等比数列{}n a 的首项为2,公比为13,则{}n a 的各项和为 10. 若2i (i 为虚数单位)是关于x 的实系数一元二次方程250x ax 的一个虚根,则a11. 函数221y x x 在区间[0,]m 上的最小值为0,最大值为1,则实数m 的取值范围 是12. 在平面直角坐标系xOy 中,点A 、B 是圆22650x y x 上的两个动点,且满足||AB ,则||OA OB的最小值为二. 选择题(本大题共12题,每题3分,共36分) 13. 满足sin 0 且tan 0 的角 属于( )A. 第一象限B. 第二象限C. 第三象限D. 第四象限; 14. 半径为1的球的表面积为( ) A.B. 43C. 2D. 415. 在6(1)x 的二项展开式中,2x 项的系数为( ) A. 2 B. 6 C. 15 D. 2016. 幂函数2y x 的大致图像是( )A. B. C. D.17. 已知向量(1,0)a ,(1,2)b,则向量b 在向量a 方向上的投影为( )A. 1B. 2C. (1,0)D. (0,2) 18. 设直线l 与平面 平行,直线m 在平面 上,那么( ) A. 直线l 平行于直线m B. 直线l 与直线m 异面 C. 直线l 与直线m 没有公共点 D. 直线l 与直线m 不垂直19. 用数学归纳法证明等式2123...22n n n ()n *N 的第(ii )步中,假设n k 时原等式成立,那么在1n k 时,需要证明的等式为( ) A. 22123...22(1)22(1)(1)k k k k k k B. 2123...22(1)2(1)(1)k k k kC. 22123...2(21)2(1)22(1)(1)k k k k k k kD. 2123...2(21)2(1)2(1)(1)k k k k k20. 关于双曲线221164x y 与221164y x 的焦距和渐近线,下列说法正确的是( )A. 焦距相等,渐近线相同B. 焦距相等,渐近线不相同C. 焦距不相等,渐近线相同D. 焦距不相等,渐近线不相同21. 设函数()y f x 的定义域为R ,则“(0)0f ”是“()y f x 为奇函数”的( ) A. 充分不必要条件 B. 必要不充分条件 C. 充要条件 D. 既不充分也不必要条件 22. 下列关于实数a 、b 的不等式中,不恒成立的是( ) A. 222a b ab B. 222a b abC. 2()2a b ab D. 2()2a b ab 23. 设单位向量1e 与2e 既不平行也不垂直,对非零向量1112a x e y e ,2122b x e y e,有结论:① 若12210x y x y ,则a ∥b ;② 若12120x x y y ,则a b;关于以上两个结论,正确的判断是( )A. ①成立,②不成立B. ①不成立,②成立C. ①成立,②成立D. ①不成立,②不成立24. 对于椭圆22(,)22:1a b x y C a b (,0,)a b a b ,若点00(,)x y 满足2200221x y a b,则称该点在椭圆(,)a b C 内,在平面直角坐标系中,若点A 在过点(2,1)的任意椭圆(,)a b C 内或椭圆(,)a b C 上,则满足条件的点A 构成的图形为( )A. 三角形及其内部B. 矩形及其内部C. 圆及其内部D. 椭圆及其内部三. 解答题(本大题共5题,共8+8+8+12+12=48分)25. 如图,已知正三棱柱111ABC A B C 的体积为,底面边长为3,求异面直线1BC 与AC 所成的角的大小.26. 已知函数()sin f x x x ,求()f x 的最小正周期及最大值,并指出()f x 取得 最大值时x 的值.27. 如图,汽车前灯反射镜与轴截面的交线是抛物线的一部分,灯口所在的圆面与反射镜的 轴垂直,灯泡位于抛物线的焦点F 处,已知灯口直径是24cm ,灯深10cm ,求灯泡与反射 镜的顶点O 的距离.28. 已知数列{}n a 是公差为2的等差数列. (1)若1a 、3a 、4a 成等比数列,求1a 的值;(2)设119a ,数列{}n a 的前n 项和为n S ,数列{}n b 满足11b ,11(2n n n b b ,记12n n n n c S b ()n *N ,求数列{}n c 的最小值0n c .(即0n n c c 对任意n *N 成立)29. 对于函数()f x 与()g x ,记集合{|()()}f g D x f x g x . (1)设()2||f x x ,()3g x x ,求f g D ;(2)设1()1f x x ,21()(313x x f x a ,()0h x ,如果12f h f h D D R ,求实 数a 的取值范围.附加题一. 选择题(本大题共3题,每题3分,共9分)1. 若函数()sin()f x x 是偶函数,则 的一个值是( ) A. 0 B.2C.D. 22. 在复平面上,满足|1|4z 的复数z 所对应的点的轨迹是( ) A. 两个点 B. 一条线段 C. 两条直线 D. 一个圆3. 已知函数()f x 的图像是折线段ABCDE ,如图,其中(1,2)A 、(2,1)B 、(3,2)C 、 (4,1)D 、(5,2)E ,若直线y kx b (,)k b R 与()f x 的图像恰有4个不同的公共点, 则k 的取值范围是( )A. (1,0)(0,1)B. 11(,)33 C. (0,1] D. 1[0,3二. 填空题(本大题共3题,每题3分,共9分)4. 椭圆221259x y 的长半轴的长为 5. 已知圆锥的母线长为10,母线与轴的夹角为30 ,则该圆锥的侧面积为 6. 小明用数列{}n a 记录某地区2015年12月份31天中每天是否下过雨,方法为:当第k 天 下过雨时,记1k a ,当第k 天没下过雨时,记1k a (131)k ;他用数列{}n b 记录该 地区该月每天气象台预报是否有雨,方法为:当预报第k 天有雨时,记1k b ,当预报第k 天 没有雨时,记1k b (131)k ;记录完毕后,小明计算出1122333131...a b a b a b a b25 ,那么该月气象台预报准确的总天数为三. 解答题(本大题12分)7. 对于数列{}n a 与{}n b ,若对数列{}n c 的每一项k c ,均有k k c a 或k k c b ,则称数列{}n c 是{}n a 与{}n b 的一个“并数列”.(1)设数列{}n a 与{}n b 的前三项分别为11a ,23a ,35a ,11b ,22b ,33b , 若数列{}n c 是{}n a 与{}n b 的一个“并数列”,求所有可能的有序数组123(,,)c c c ; (2)已知数列{}n a 、{}n c 均为等差数列,{}n a 的公差为1,首项为正整数t ,{}n c 的前 10项和为30 ,前20项和为260 ,若存在唯一的数列{}n b ,使得{}n c 是{}n a 与{}n b 的 一个“并数列”,求t 的值所构成的集合.2017年上海市春季高考数学试卷2017.01一. 填空题(本大题共12题,满分54分,第1~6题每题4分,第7~12题每题5分) 1. 设集合{1,2,3}A ,集合{3,4}B ,则A B 2. 不等式|1|3x 的解集为3. 若复数z 满足2136i z (i 是虚数单位),则z4. 若1cos 3,则sin()25. 若关于x 、y 的方程组2436x y x ay无解,则实数a6. 若等差数列{}n a 的前5项的和为25,则15a a7. 若P 、Q 是圆222440x y x y 上的动点,则||PQ 的最大值为 8. 已知数列{}n a 的通项公式为3n n a ,则123limnn na a a a a9. 若2()n x x 的二项展开式的各项系数之和为729,则该展开式中常数项的值为10. 设椭圆2212x y 的左、右焦点分别为1F 、2F ,点P 在该椭圆上,则使得△12F F P 是等腰三角形的点P 的个数是11. 设1a 、2a 、…、6a 为1、2、3、4、5、6的一个排列,则满足1234||||a a a a56||3a a 的不同排列的个数为12. 设a 、b R ,若函数()af x x b x在区间(1,2)上有两个不同的零点,则(1)f 的取 值范围为二. 选择题(本大题共4题,每题5分,共20分) 13. 函数2()(1)f x x 的单调递增区间是( )A. [0,)B. [1,)C. (,0]D. (,1] 14. 设a R ,“0a ”是“10a”的( )条件 A. 充分非必要 B. 必要非充分 C. 充要 D. 既非充分也非必要 15. 过正方体中心的平面截正方体所得的截面中,不可能的图形是( ) A. 三角形 B. 长方形 C. 对角线不相等的菱形 D. 六边形16. 如图所示,正八边形12345678A A A A A A A A 的边长为2,若P 为该正八边形边上的动点,则131A A A P的取值范围为( )A. [0,8B. [C. [8D. [8三. 解答题(本大题共5题,共14+14+14+16+18=76分)17. 如图,长方体1111ABCD A B C D 中,2AB BC ,13AA . (1)求四棱锥1A ABCD 的体积; (2)求异面直线1AC 与1DD 所成角的大小.18. 设a R ,函数2()21x xaf x . (1)求a 的值,使得()f x 为奇函数; (2)若2()2a f x 对任意x R 成立,求a 的取值范围.19. 某景区欲建造两条圆形观景步道1M 、2M (宽度忽略不计),如图所示,已知AB AC ,60AB AC AD (单位:米),要求圆1M 与AB 、AD 分别相切于点B 、D ,圆2M 与AC 、AD 分别相切于点C 、D .(1)若60BAD ,求圆1M 、2M 的半径;(结果精确到0.1米)(2)若观景步道1M 与2M 的造价分别为每米0.8千元与每米0.9千元,如何设计圆1M 、2M 的大小,使总造价最低?最低总造价是多少?(结果精确到0.1千元)20. 已知双曲线222:1y x b(0)b ,直线:l y kx m (0)km ,l 与 交于P 、Q 两点,P 为P 关于y 轴的对称点,直线P Q 与y 轴交于点(0,)N n .(1)若点(2,0)是 的一个焦点,求 的渐近线方程;(2)若1b ,点P 的坐标为(1,0) ,且32NP P Q,求k 的值;(3)若2m ,求n 关于b 的表达式.21. 已知函数21()log 1xf x x. (1)解方程()1f x ;(2)设(1,1)x ,(1,)a ,证明:1(1,1)ax a x ,且11(()(ax f f x f a x a;(3)设数列{}n x 中,1(1,1)x ,1131(1)3n nn nx x x ,n *N ,求1x 的取值范围, 使得3n x x 对任意n *N 成立.2018年上海市春季高考数学试卷2018.01一. 填空题(本大题共12题,满分54分,第1~6题每题4分,第7~12题每题5分) 1. 不等式||1x 的解集为 2. 计算:31lim2n n n3. 设集合{|02}A x x ,{|11}B x x ,则A B4. 若复数1i z (i 是虚数单位),则2z z5. 已知{}n a 是等差数列,若2810a a ,则357a a a6. 已知平面上动点P 到两个定点(1,0)和(1,0) 的距离之和等于4,则动点P 的轨迹方程 为7. 如图,在长方体1111ABCD A B C D 中,3AB ,4BC ,15AA ,O 是11A C 的中点,则三棱锥11A A OB 的体积为(第7题) (第12题)8. 某校组队参加辩论赛,从6名学生中选出4人分别担任一、二、三、四辩,若其中学生 甲必须参赛且不担任四辩,则不同的安排方法种数为 (结果用数值表示) 9. 设a R ,若292(x x 与92(a x x的二项展开式中的常数项相等,则a 10. 设m R ,若z 是关于x 的方程2210x mx m 的一个虚根,则||z 的取值范围是11. 设0a ,函数()2(1)sin()f x x x ax ,(0,1)x ,若函数21y x 与()y f x 的 图像有且仅有两个不同的公共点,则a 的取值范围是12. 如图,正方形ABCD 的边长为20米,圆O 的半径为1米,圆心是正方形的中心,点P 、 Q 分别在线段AD 、CB 上,若线段PQ 与圆O 有公共点,则称点Q 在点P 的“盲区”中, 已知点P 以1.5米/秒的速度从A 出发向D 移动,同时,点Q 以1米/秒的速度从C 出发向B 移动,则在点P 从A 移动到D 的过程中,点Q 在点P 的盲区中的时长约为 秒 (精确到0.1)二. 选择题(本大题共4题,每题5分,共20分) 13. 下列函数中,为偶函数的是( )A. 2y xB. 13y xC. 12y x D. 3y x14. 如图,在直三棱柱111ABC A B C 的棱所在的直线中,与直线1BC 异面的直线的条数为( ) A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 415. 设n S 为数列{}n a 的前n 项和,“{}n a 是递增数列”是“{}n S 是递增数列”的( ) A. 充分非必要条件 B. 必要非充分条件 C. 充要条件 D. 既非充分又非必要条件16. 已知A 、B 为平面上的两个定点,且||2AB,该平面上的动线段PQ 的端点P 、Q ,满足||5AP ,6AP AB ,2AQ AP,则动线段PQ 所形成图形的面积为( )A. 36B. 60C. 72D. 108三. 解答题(本大题共5题,共14+14+14+16+18=76分) 17. 已知cos y x . (1)若1()3f,且[0,] ,求()3f的值; (2)求函数(2)2()y f x f x 的最小值.18. 已知a R ,双曲线222:1x y a.(1)若点(2,1)在 上,求 的焦点坐标;(2)若1a ,直线1y kx 与 相交于A 、B 两点,且线段AB 中点的横坐标为1,求实数k 的值.19. 利用“平行于圆锥母线的平面截圆锥面,所得截线是抛物线”的几何原理,某快餐店用两个射灯(射出的光锥为圆锥)在广告牌上投影出其标识,如图1所示,图2是投影射出的抛物线的平面图,图3是一个射灯投影的直观图,在图2与图3中,点O 、A 、B 在抛物线上,OC 是抛物线的对称轴,OC AB 于C ,3AB 米, 4.5OC 米. (1)求抛物线的焦点到准线的距离;(2)在图3中,已知OC 平行于圆锥的母线SD ,AB 、DE 是圆锥底面的直径,求圆锥的母线与轴的夹角的大小(精确到0.01°).(图1) (图2) (图3)20. 设0a ,函数1()12xf x a. (1)若1a ,求()f x 的反函数1()f x ;(2)求函数()()y f x f x 的最大值(用a 表示); (3)设()()(1)g x f x f x ,若对任意(,0]x ,()(0)g x g 恒成立,求a 取值范围.。
2011年上海市(春季)语文卷细解一阅读 80分(一)阅读下文,完成第1-6题。
(16分)①‚天地玄黄,宇宙洪荒‛,在人类产生之前,地球上的陆地都是莽莽荒原。
但人类一出现,即使是在最原始的时代,为了自身的生存和繁衍,总是在不断地消灭..荒原。
因为只有这样,人类才能获得维持生命所必需的食物、燃料和栖身的场所。
多数人类学家认为,最早的人类产生在东非大裂谷,后来才迁移到世界各地。
促使早期人类迁移的因素不少,但最主要的还是生存的需要——随着人口的增长,总要有更大的生存空间。
②农业和城市是人类文明的两大进步,但随着大片农田和一座座城市的出现,荒原的面积不可避免地相应缩小。
无论是中国的先民‚筚路蓝缕,以启山林‛,还是欧洲的清教徒远航新大陆,他们的目的都是将荒原变成家园。
随着人口的增加,人类开发荒原的速度在不断加快。
特别是在工业化以后,在农田、牧地、居住区以外,工厂、矿山、油田、铁路、公路、港口等设施的规模也日益扩大,城市占据的面积也越来越大。
一般认为,到了21 世纪,地大片的原始荒原、特别是人类尚未进入的荒原已经屈指可数。
③在人类进入荒原的过程中,总是先选择自然条件相对适宜的地方,例如,已经发现的先民聚落遗址,一般都在生活和生产用水便利却离河流有一定距离的台地。
正因为如此,平原、河谷、海拔不高的台地、土壤疏松的土地、气候温暖且水量充沛的区域往往先得到开发,并且基本不再留下荒原,然后再扩展到丘陵、较低的山地,最后留下的荒原都是人类目前还无法利用、或利用成本太高的沙漠、戈壁、干旱区、峻峭的山区、传染病流行区、地质灾害区、热带丛林、高海拔或高纬度地区,以及多种不利因素兼而有之的地区。
也有些地方虽适宜开发,却因远离人类聚居区,或因交通闭塞,得以保持着原始状态。
④在人类基本定居,或有了一定的活动范围后,会尽可能避免进入荒原。
但是总有少数人由于种种原因,不得不穿越或深入荒原,如出使异域的外交官、负有军事任务的将士、长途贸易的商人、被流放或驱逐的犯人,还有人会由于偶然的原因误入荒原。
2011年上海市春考语文试卷一阅读80分(一)阅读下文,完成剪1-6题。
(16分)①"天地玄黄,宇宙洪荒",在人类产生之前,地球上的陆地都是莽莽荒原。
但人类一出现,即使是在最原始的时代,为了自身的生存和繁衍,总是在不断地消灭荒原。
因为只有这样,人类才能获得维持生命所必需的食物、燃料和栖身的场所。
多数人类学家认为,最早的人类产生在东非大裂谷,后来才迁移到世界各地。
促使早期人类迁移的因素不少,但最主要的还是生存的需卜随着人口的增长,总要有更大的生存空间。
②农业和城市是人类文明的两大进步,但随着大片农田和一座座城市的出现,荒原的面积不可避免地相应缩小。
无论是中国的先民"毕路蓝缕,以启山林",还是欧洲的清教徒远航新大陆,他们的目的都是将荒原变成家园。
随着人口的增加,人类开发荒原的速度在不断加快。
特别是在工业化以后,在农田、牧地、居住区以外,工厂、矿山、油田、铁路、公路、港口等设施的规模也日益扩大,城市占据的面积也越来越大。
一般认为,到了21世纪,地球上能够利用的土地已开发殆尽,□□地球上的陆地还有不少无人区,□□大片的原始荒原、特别是人类尚未进入的荒原已经屈指可数。
③在人类进入荒原的过程中,总是先选择自然条件相对适宜的地方,例如,已经发现的先民聚落遗址,一般都在生活和生产用水便利却离河流有一定距离的台地。
正因为如此,平原、河谷、海拔不高的台地、土壤疏松的土地、气候温暖且水量充沛的区域往往先得到开发,并且基本不再留下荒原,然后再扩展到丘陵、较低的山地,最后留下的荒原都是人类目前还无法利用、或利用成本太高的沙漠、戈壁、干旱区、峻峭的山区、传染病流行区、地质灾害区、热带丛林、高海拔或高纬度地区,以及多种不利因素兼而有之的地区。
也有些地方虽适宜开发,却因远离人类聚居区,或因交通闭塞,得以保持着原始状态。
④在人类基本定居,或有了一定的活动范围后,会尽可能避免进入荒原。
但是总有少数人由于种种原因,不得不穿越或深入荒原,如出使异域的外交官、负有军事任务的将士、长途贸易的商人、被流放或驱逐的犯人,还有人会由于偶然的原因误入荒原。
2011年上海市普通⾼等学校春季招⽣考试数学试题及参考
答案
2012年05⽉23⽇亲,很⾼兴访问《2011年上海市普通⾼等学校春季招⽣考试数学试题及参考答案》⼀⽂,也欢迎您访问店铺()的⾼考频道,为您精⼼准备了2011⾼考数学⽇常练习的相关模拟考试试题内容!同时,我们正在加紧建设⾼考频道,我们全体编辑的努⼒全是为了您,希望您能在本次⾼考中能获得好的名次,以及考上满意的⼤学,也希望我们准备的《2011年上海市普通⾼等学校春季招⽣考试数学试题及参考答案》内容能帮助到您。
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上海市普通高等学校2011年高三春季招生考试英语试题25.Soon after dinner, Wayne drove off ______ the direction of Paris.A.to B.at C.for D.in26.They produced two reports, ______ of which contained any useful suggestions.A.either B.all C.none D.neither27.Some young people these days just ______ go out of their homes to contact the real world.A.mustn’t B.won’t C.mightn’t D.shouldn’t28.You’d be exposed to a lot ______ pollution if you moved to a town with pure water and air.A.more B.most C.less D.least29.I’m sure y ou will do better in the test because you ______ so hard this year.A.studied B.had studied C.will study D.have been studying30.The banker was found in a remote village after ______ his office last Thursday.A.leave B.being left C.leaving D.having been left31.I have no idea ______ the journalist could have got his information from.A.that B.why C.why D.where32.A lot of people often forget that oral exams ______ to test our communicative ability.A.design B.are designed C.are designing D.are being designed33.Viewers continue to watch TV ______ they complain about the quality of the programming.A.even though B.as if C.as long as D.unless34.Mike found his missing car in the street outside his house, ______ newly cleaned and polished.A.looked B.to look C.looking D.to be looking35.There are fewer teaching positions left in big cities, ______ at the same time there are shortages of teachers in small towns.A.or B.and C.so D.for36.______ in 1955, Disneyland in California in regarded by any as the original fun park.A.Opened B.Having opened C.Opening D.Being opened37.Faye’s fondest memory is of last year, ______ the club gave a tea party for her birthday.A.that B.which C.where D.when38.The result of the study indicated that it was the type of fat ______ made the difference.A.that B.what C.who D.as39.______ comes will be welcomed to the open-air concert.A.Whatever B.Whoever C.No matter what D.No matter who40.Harrison Ford is thought to be one of the few movie stars ______ as a carpenter before.a wide range of personality traits (特征).In terms of happiness-41 as the ability to enjoy life-twins who are separated soon after birth were much less alike than twins raised together.But when it comes to unhappiness, the twins raised apart-some without contact for as long as 64 years-were as 42 as those who had grown up together.Why is unhappiness less influenced by 43 ? When we are happy, we are more responsive to people and keep up 44 better than when we are feeling sad.This doesn’t mean, however, that some people are born to be sad and that’s that.Unhappiness may be related to genes, but this inherited trait can be influenced by 45 choice.You can increase your happiness through your own actions.In a whole 46 of experiments by psychologists John Reich and Alex Zautra at Arizona State University, they asked students to select their favourite activities from a list of everyday pleasures-things like going to a movie, talking with friends and playing cards.Then the researchers 47 some of the students in the experiment to increase the number of favourite activities the participated in for one month (the participants in the study 48 as controls(对照组) and did not vary their activity level).Result: Those who did more of the things they enjoyed were happier than those who didn’t.The conclusion, then, is that the pleasure we get from life is 49 ours to control.Section AIs there a job for you after college? What does the world of work keep in store for you? That 50 in large measure on who you are.If you’ve enjoyed your studies in English and history, 50 , you’ll be glad to know that in a recent survey by Hobart and William Smith Colleges in New York State, a majority of CEOs said that the liberal arts (文科) are essential for 52 critical thinking and problem-solving skills.If you thought college was for acquiring specific work skills, only 37 percent of the CEOs in the survey agree with you.If you plan to start your career as a secretary, be aware that this job is undergoing tremendous 53 .In offices where secretaries have not already been eliminated, the54 role of a clerk is now unrecognizable.Most bosses 55 their own mails and meetings and travel plans, thanks to e-mail and the Internet, so secretaries are 56 taking on higher-level tasks such as drafting contracts and handling customer service problems.Those willing to expand their 57 should do well.If you are a woman interested in law enforcement (执法), note that some states and cities are working hard to reach 58 standards for female applicants.Although most small suburban police departments are deeply traditional, and some are 59 even to employ woman, among the nation’s largest forces about 15 percent of the officers are female, five times as many as a generation ago.Degrees in sports management are also 60 .Two hundred U.S colleges and universities, 10 times as many in 1985, now 61 undergraduate courses in sports management, and some have advanced degree programs.At some school you can also combine an MBA in sports management with a law degree.62 , if you’ve set your sights on a traditional MBA, take heart.MBA recruitment(招聘) is way up, and salaries are63 .But money isn’t all today’s MBAs are looking for.A recent study of nearly 1,800 MBA students in the United States and Canada found that 68 percent 64 the statement, “My family will always be more important than my career.”50.A.concentrates B.depends C.takes D.passes51.A.by comparison B.as a result C.for instance D.in return52.A.developing B.discouraging C.confirming D.appreciating53.A.troubles B.pains C.tests D.changes54.A.active B.small C.useful D.traditional55.A.await B.handle C.transfer D.classify56.A.increasingly B.unwillingly C.diligently D.intentionally57.A.horizons B.activities C.organizations D.operations58.A.medium B.high C.fair D.legal59.A.keen B.resolved C.reluctant D.qualified60.A.on display B.at an end C.at rest D.on the rise61.A.cancel B.offer C.register D.drop62.A.Contrarily B.Consequently C.Finally D.Strictly63.A.competitive B.moderate C.fixed D.regular64.A.give out B.agree with C.wonder about D.focus on(A)They like using the Internet.They have lots of pocket money to spend.And they spend a higher proportion of it online than the rest of us.Teenagers are just the sort of people an online seller is interested in, and the things they want to buy-games, CDs and clothing-are easily sold on the Web.But paying online is a tricky business for consumers who are too young to own credit cards.Most have to use a parent’s card.They want a facility that allows them to spend money.That may come sooner than they think: new ways to take pocket money into cyber (网络的) space are coming out rapidly on both sides of the Atlantic.If successful, these products can stimulate online sales.In general, teenagers spend huge amounts: $153bn (billion) in the US last year and £20bn annually in the UK.Most teenagers have access to the Internet at home or at school-88 percent in the US, 69 percent in the UK.According to the Jupiter Research, one in eight of those with Internet access has bought something online-mainly CDs and books.In most cases, parents pay for these purchases with credit cards, an arrangement that is often unsatisfactory for them and their children.Pressing parents to spend online is less productive than pressing on the high street.They are more likely to ask “Why?” if you ask to spend some money online.One way to help teenagers change notes and coins into cybercash is through prepaid cards such as InternetCash in the US and Smart cards in the UK.Similar to those for pay-as-you-go mobile telephones, they are sold in amounts such as£20 or $50 with a concealed 14-digit number that can be used to load the cash into an online account.65.What does the word “They” in paragraph 1 refer to?A.Sellers. B.Buyers. C.Teenagers. D.Parents.66.According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?A.More than half of the teenagers in the US and the UK have Internet access.B.Teenagers pay for goods online with their own credit cards.C.Most teenagers in the US and the UK have bought something online.D.Teenagers found it easier to persuade parents to buy online than in a shop.67.A new way to help teenagers shop online is to use ______.A.a new machine B.special coins and notesC.prepaid cards D.pay-as-you-go mobile phones68.What is the passage mainly about?A.Online shopping traps. B.Internet users in the US and the UK.69.This passage is most probably ______.A.an advertisement for enrolling new employeesB.a school report at the end of an academic yearC.a self-introduction meant to apply for a jobD.a part of a recommendation letter from a university70.According to the “Experience” section, we can infer that Donald Sloan can be _____.A.a wise leader B.a skillful performerC.a gifted scientist D.a good social worker71.From the passage we can learn that Donald Sloan ______.A.is good at singing and dancing B.is about to graduate from a universityC.has an interest in being a surgeon D.specializes in psychology(C)Twenty-first century humanity has mapped oceans and mountains, visited the moon, and surveyed the planets.But for all the progress, people still don’t know one another very well.That brings about Theodore Zeldin’s “feast of conversation”-events where individuals pair with persons they don’t know for three hours of guided talk designed to get the past “Where are you from?”Mr.Zeldin, an Oxford University professor, heads Oxford Muse, a 10-year-old foundation based on the idea that what people need is not more information, but more inspiration and encouragement.The “feast” in London looks not at politics or events, but at how people have felt about work, relations among the sexes, hopes and fears, enemies and authority, the shape of their lives.The “menu of conversation” includes topics like “How have your priorities changed over the years?” Or, “What have you rebelled against the past?”As participants gathered, Zeldin opened with a speech: that despite instant communications in a globalized age, issues of human heart remain.Many people are lonely, or in routines that discourage knowing the depth of one another.“We are trapped in shallow conversations and the whole point now is to think, which is sometimes painful,” he says.“But thinking interaction is what separates us from other species, except maybe dogs…who do have generations of human interactions.”The main rules of the “feast”: Don’t pair with someone you know or ask questions you would not answer.The only awkward moment came when the multi-racial crowd of young adults to seniors, in sun hats, ties and dresses, looked to see whom with for hours.But 15 minutes later, everyone was seated and talking, continuing full force until organizers interrupted them 180 minutes later.“It’s encouraging to see the world is not just a place of oppression and distance from each other,” Zeldin summed up.“What we did is not ordinary, but it can’t be madder than the world already is.”Some said they felt “liberated” to talk on sensitive topics.Thirty-something Peter, from East London, said that “it might take weeks or months to get to the level of interaction we suddenly opened up.”72.What can the “conversations” be best described as?A.Deep and one-on-one. B.Sensitive and mad.C.Instant and inspiring. D.Ordinary and encouraging.73.。
上海八校2011届高三联合调研考试英语试题第I 卷I.Listening ComprehensionPart A Short ConversationsDirections: In part A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers.At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said.The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers in your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1.A.At a car shop B.At a garageC.In a parking area D.In a car showroom2.A.School master and student B Teacher and studentC.Classmates D.Father and son3.A.The meeting started earlier.B.His car was broken.C.He met with traffic jam.D.He lost his way.4.A.Interesting B.BetterC.Exciting D.Disappointing5.A.Change her address B.Mail some lettersC.Deliver some telegrams D.Call the post office6.A.Sports B.A football matchC.TV programme D.Football teams7.A.She is always unfriendly.B.She is always friendly.C.She misunderstood the man.D.She does not like the man.8.A.Listen to the concert at home.B.Go to the concert alone.C.Go to the concert with the man.D.Do nothing at home.9.A.Where his uncle is.B.The way to the new railway station.C.How far the new railway station is.D.How soon the bus will come.10.A.They should wait longer for Jane.B.Jane probable won’t come.C.He forgot to tell Jane to come.D.Jane is very busy.Part B PassagesDirections: In part B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages.The passages will be read twice but the questions will be spoken only once.When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11.A.He was arrested.B.He was taken off the plane.C He was sitting in the noisy airport building.D.He made a mistake.12.A.Angry B.FrightenedC.Annoyed D.Polite13.A.A time bomb B.The alarm clockC.The smoke D.The passportQuestions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14.A.2 B.3 C.4 D.615.A.― The Hours‖B.― The Pianist‖C.― Chicago‖D.― Nowhere in Africa‖16.A.The reconstruction of the World Trade towers.B.The location of the new World Trade towers.C.The expense to rebuild the World Trade towers.D.The time to rebuild the World Trade towers.Part C Longer conversationsDirections: In part C, you will hear two longer conversations.The conversations will be readtwice.After you hear each conversation, you are asked to fulfill the task by filling in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard.Complete the form.Write no more than THREE words for each answer.Complete the form.Write no more than ONE word for each answer.II.Grammar and V ocabularySection ADirections: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D.Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.25.The previous lecture focused on the reading problems in new words, while this lecture will turn to ____ in complex sentence structures.A.that B.one C.those D.ones26.It is a common sense that ____ for a long time in the sun might seriously damage you skin.A.exposed B.being exposed C.exposing D.to expose27.The 16th Asian Games, attracting the attention from all over the world, ____ in Guangzhou from November 12 to 27, 2010.A.was held B.has been held C.were held D.would be held 28.After the party, most guests left, with only two of them ____ in the host family, ____ him cleaning up.A.remaining, helped B.remaining, helpingC.remained, helped D.remained, helped29.Under the pressure of inflation, many families, nowadays in China, cry helplessly over ____ is left of their homes.A.what B.which C.there D.that30.The earth, expected by many experts, in the next few years, ____ possibly be hit by more extreme weather like thunderstorms.A.would B.may C.could D.should31.It is quite a time ____ Yao Ming got injured, and many fans hope it won’t be long ____ he returns to the court.A before, sinceB after, whenC since, beforeD that, when32.The connection between Paul of the New Orleans Hornets and James of the Miami Heat has strengthened during the past seven years, to the point ____ James thinks of Paul as his best friend in the NB A.A.which B.what C.that D.where33.The inclusion of acupuncture marks the acknowledgement ____ acupuncture was created by China, not other countries like South Korea, Japan, etc.A.what B.that C.which D.where34.Unfortunately, some ____ doctors are indifferent to patients, which causes many conflicts.A.licensed B.licensing C.license D.having licensed 35.A new production, which has come to the cinema before what would have been Bruce Lee’s 70th birthday on November, ____ to fill the gap.A.aims B.aiming C.aimed D.to aim36.The little boy, who can play the piano perfectly, is thought to be ____ of a pianist.A somebodyB someoneC somethingD some one37.If water becomes increasingly scarce in decades ____, water shortage will become a hot issue all over the world.A.coming B.having come C.to come D.to be coming 38.---- Shall we attend the concert this evening?---- Great idea, ____ we can do some shopping first.A.when B.where C.since D.if 39.Determined to devote himself to those poor children, he chose to teach in a western province, though he ____ in the city for a better life.A could stayB would have stayedC could have stayedD had stayed40.So well ____ in 2010 that the world has agreed that it was the year of China.A.id China perform B.China has performedC.as China performed D.China is performingSection BDirections: Complete the following passage by choosing the words in the box.Each wordbuildings with solar panels for decades.But plants are the real experts: they’ve been using 41 as an energy source for billions of years.Cells in the green leaves of plants work 42 tiny factories to convert sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water into sugars and starches—stored energy that the plants can use, this conversion process is called photosynthesis(光合作用).Unfortunately, 43 you’re a plant, it’s difficult and expensive to convert sun light into 44 energy.That’s why scientists are taking a closer look at exactly how plants do it.In a world with increasing energy needs, researchers are always looking for new ways to power everything from cars to computers 45 putting more stress on the environment.That’s another reason why scientists are so interested in solar power—it doesn’t pollute the air, water, or land.And since the sun lights and warms the entire planet, the ability to harness its energy could provide a clean energy 46 for everyone.The main sources of energy that people use today are called fossil fuels, such as natural gas, oil, and coal.Unfortunately, the supply of fossil fuel is 47 .Once we use all the coal and oil in the Earth, they’re gone for good.The sun, on the other hand, is a 48 energy source.No matter how we tap it for energy, the sun will be around –at least for the next few billion years.There’s another problem with 49 fossil fuels—pollution.The ideal energy sources of the future will be ―clean‖: they won’t produce carbon dioxide and other gases that pollute the environment as fossil fuels do.III.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases markedA, B, C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.An earthquake hit Kashmir on Oct.8, 2005.It took some 75000 lives, 50 130000 and left nearly 3.5 million without food, jobs or homes.51 overnight, scores of tent villages bloomed 52 the region, tended by international aid organizations, military 53 and aid groups working day and night to shelter the survivors before winter set in.Mercifully, the season was mild.But with the 54 of spring, the refugees will be moved again.Camps that 55 health care, food and shelter for 150000 survivors have begun to close as they were 56 intended to be permanent.For most of the refugees, the thought of going back brings 57 emotions.The past six months have been difficult.Families of as many as 10 people have had to shelter 58 a single tent and share cook stoves and bathing 59 with neighbours.― They are looking forward to the clean water of their rivers,‖ officials say.―They are dreaming of free fresh fruit.They want to get back to their herds and start 60 again.‖ But most will be returning to 61 but heaps of ruins.In many villages, electrical 62 have not been repaired, nor have roads.Aid workers 63 that it will take years to rebuild what the earthquake took away.And for the thousands of survivors, the 64 will never be complete.50.A.injured B.ruined C.destroyed D.damaged 51.A.Altogether B.Almost C.Scarcely D.Surely 52.A.among B.above C.amid D.across 53.A.ranks B.equipment C.personnel D.installations 54.A.falling B.emergence C.arrival D.appearing 55.A.strengthened B.aided C.transferred D.provided 56.A.never B.once C.ever D.yet 57.A.puzzled B.contrasted C.doubled D.mixed58.A.by B.below C.under D.with 59.A.facilities B.instruments C.implements D.appliances 60.A.producing B.cultivating C.farming D.nourishing 61.A.anything B.something C.everything D.nothing 62.A.lines B.channels C.paths D.currents 63.A.account B.measure C.estimate D.evaluate 64.A.reservation B.retreat C.replacement D.recoverySection BDirections: Read the following passage.Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Tui Na and Y our Emotional HealthIn Traditional Chinese Medicine the body, mind and spirit cannot be divided and so the unique whole-body treatment in Tui Na can also be a useful treatment correcting any imbalances in the body's energy before symptoms and disease can develop.It also works to restore emotional harmony as well as physical health.This is why after a Tui Na treatment many people "feel good".Many people in China use Tui Na regularly to keep healthy and to deal with some specific illnesses.Tui Na is performed on the clothed body and the patient is either lying on a couch or sitting on a chair.Therapists using a variety of strokes or movements will control the intensity and direction of pressure in an exact way.The unique rolling movement in Tui Na is one of the most difficult strokes to learn and students have to practice sometimes for many months on a rice bag before they are allowed to practice on the human body.StressTui Na is of course very useful for treating stress.It distributes the energy around the whole body.It is believed that Tui Na moves the strong energy in the tense muscles to the weaker areas, thus making a more balanced body.When your Qi (energy in the body)flow is balanced you feel relaxed and comfortable.Tui Na is especially useful for stiff shoulders and tense neck muscles.EmotionsIn Traditional Chinese Medicine each major organ is linked to an emotion.By balancing the energy in the organ, the relevant emotion will be calmed.When your emotions are out of control, you would usually turn to your doctor or perhaps a psychotherapist.But perhaps some people would not like to be seeing a psychotherapist or feel nervous about discussing their problems with others.With Tui Na one does not need to tell the therapist anything one does not want to.Thetreatment of Tui Na can deal with the problem itself — although if one does need to talk, then the safe space is there to do so.An active dialogue between the therapist and the patient will help to get a better effect.How the major organs rule your emotionsEach major organ — the heart, the stomach, the spleen, the liver, the bladder, the kidneys, the lungs, etc.— is linked to a relevant emotion.The heart is linked to joy, excitement and sadness.If the heart is out of balance, the patient may dream a lot at night and often forget something important in the day.The stomach and spleen are connected with too much thinking or worrying —over anxiety.When the stomach is out of balance there is often a lack of energy.The patient often feels very tired and has no interest in doing anything at all.The liver and gall bladder are linked to anger.In Chinese Medicine the eyes are connected with the liver, and many people who suffer from anger often suffer from eye problems.The gall bladder rules decision-making and too much energy here can lead to rashness, while if there is too little it can bring about indecision.Where there is a history of depression, the therapist would look to the liver.The bladder and kidneys are linked to fear of all kinds, from simple anxieties and phobias to vague fears and worries.The lungs are connected with feelings of grief and sadness.When there is a history of grief, the therapist would look to the lungs.Tui Na is used in almost all the hospitals in China and very popular among Chinese people.It is a useful and valuable method of restoring Qi balance, when emotional and physical health is out of balance.Tui Na is one of the remaining secrets of Chinese Medicine.65.According to the passage, which statement is TRUE about Tui Na?A.Tui Na is a whole-body treatment and can't be divided into different parts.B.Tui Na can be used to balance the diseases before they can develop in the body.C.Tui Na can bring back not only physical health but also emotional health.D.Tui Na only makes people "feel good" but do not actually cure disease.66.How can the emotion be calmed?A.By linking the organ to an emotion.B.By telling the therapist anything one does not want to.C.By discussing their problems with others.D.By balancing the energy in the relevant organ.67.When the stomach is out of balance, .A.the patient will have a stomachacheB.the patient will have a lot to worry aboutC.the patient will have nothing to doD.the patient will not feel like doing anything(B)Black BoxesAlthough they are called "black boxes", aviation recorders are actuallypainted orange.This distinct color, along with the strips of reflectivetape attached to the recorders' exteriors, helps investigators locatethe black boxes following an accident.These are especially helpfulwhen a plane lands in the water.There are two possible origins of the term " black boxes" ; Some believe it is because early recorders were painted black, while others think it refers to the charring that occurs in post-accident fires.In addition to the paint and reflective tape, black boxes are equipped with an underwater locator beacon (ULB).If you look at the picture of a black box, you will almost always see a small, cylindrical object attached to one end of the device.This cylinder(圆筒)is actually a beacon.If a plane crashes into the water, this beacon sends out an ultrasonic pulse that cannot be heard by human ears but is readily detectable by sonar and acoustical locating equipment.There is a sensor on the side of the beacon that looks like a bull's eye.When water touches this sensor, it activates the beacon.The beacon sends out pulses at 37.5 kilohertz (kHz)and can transmit sound as deep as 14,000 feet (4,267 m).Once the beacon begins "pinging", it pings once per second for 30 days.This beacon is powered by a battery.In rare instances, the beacon may get snapped off during a high-impact collision.In the United States, when investigators locate a black box, it is transported to the computer labs at the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB).Special care is taken in transporting these devices in order to avoid any (further)damage to the recording medium.In the lab, investigators download the data from the recorders and attempt to recreate the events of the accident.This process can take weeks or months to complete.In the United States, black-boxes manufacturers supply the NTSB with the readout systems and software needed to do a full analysis of the recorders' stored data.A team of experts is usually brought in to interpret the recordings stored on a black box.This group typically includes a representative from the airline, a representative from the airplane manufacturer, an NTSB transportation-safety specialist and an NTSB air-safety investigator.This group may also include a language specialist from the Federal Bureau of Investigation and, if needed, an interpreter.This board attempts to interpret 30 minutes of words and sounds recorded by the black box.This can be a painstaking process and may take weeks to complete.The black box is an invaluable tool for any aircraft investigation.It is often the lone survivor of airplane accidents, and as such provides important clues to the cause that would be impossible to obtain any other way.As technology evolves, black boxes will continue to play a tremendous role in accident investigations.68.Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the text?A.Aviation recorders are known as the black boxes.B.Some people believe that the black box got its name because it was painted black.C.Some people believe that the black box got its name because of its colour after the accident.D.It is only the distinct orange colour that helps investigators locate the black boxes after an accident.69.What can activate the underwater locating beacon (ULB)?A.A bull's eye.B.Sonar.C.A sensor on the side of the beacon. D.Acoustical locating equipment.70.How many people are needed at least to interpret the recordings stored on a black box?A.Three.B.Four.C.Five.D.Six.71.Which word can best describe the process of interpreting recordings on a black box?A.Comfortable.B.Careful.C.Exciting.D.Suffering.(C)Another common type of reasoning is the search for causes and results.We want to know whether cigarettes really do cause lung cancer, what causes malnutrition, the decay of cities, or the decay of teeth.We are equally interested in effects: what is the effect of sulphur or lead in the at-mosphere, of oil spills and raw sewage in rivers and the sea, of staying up late on the night before an examination?Causal reasoning may go from cause to effect or from effect to cause.Either way, we reason from what we know to what we want to find out.Sometimes we reason from an effect to a cause and then on to another effect.Thus, if we reason that because the lights have gone out, the refrig-erator won't work, we first relate the effect (lights out)to the cause (power off)and then relate that cause to another effect (refrigerator not working).This kind of reasoning is called, for short, effect to effect.It is quite common to reason through an extensive chain of causal relations.When the lights go out we might reason in the following causal chain: lights out—power off—refrigera-tor not working—temperature will rise—milk will sour.In other words, we diagnose a succession of effects from the power failure, each becoming the cause of the next.Causes are classified as necessary, sufficient, or contributory.A necessary cause is one which must be present for the effect to occur, as combustion(燃烧)is necessary to drive a gasoline engine.A sufficient cause is one which can produce an effect unaided, though there may be more than one sufficient cause; a dead battery is enough to keep a car from starting, but faulty spark plugs or an empty gas tank will have the same effect.A contributory cause is one which helps to produce an effect but cannot do so by itself, as running through a red light may help cause an accident, though other factors —pedestrians or other cars at the crossroads —must also be present.In establishing or refuting a causal relation it is usually necessary to show the process by which the alleged (声称的)cause produces the effect.Such an explanation is called a causal process.72.What the author discussed in the previous section is most probably about_______.A.relationships between causes and resultsB.classification of reasoningC.some other common types of reasoningD.some special type of reasoning73.According to the passage, to do the "effect to effect" reasoning is to reason_______.A.from cause to effect B.from effect to causeC.from effect to effect and on to cause D.from effect to cause and on to another effect 74.A necessary cause is____________.A.one without which it is impossible for the effect to occurB.one of the causes that can produce the effectC.one that is enough to make the effect occurD.none of them75.Your refrigerator is not working and you have found that the electric power has been cut off.The power failure is a______________A.necessary cause B.sufficient causeC.contributory cause D.none of themSection CDirections: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A—F forYou should prepare for the semester.Buy your books early and take some time to explore their format.Gather other needed stationery such as folders for each class, paper, pens, and a calendar.Time management is creating and following a schedule.This allows you to organize your study time within the framework of school, family, work, and other responsibilities.Scheduling should be both long term and short term.77.______Read your syllabi for each class.Using a calendar, look ahead and organize all your course assignments.Note all test dates and large assignments.Fill in all unusual outside obligations that take up time.For example, your school holiday calendar is preset, and dentist appointments are often made months ahead.78.______When you create your weekly calendar, include fixed commitments such as classes work, appointments, meals, family responsibilities, and sleeping.Schedule your study and homework around these fixed commitments.Learning should be a priority, but one should also allow enough time for sleep, healthy eating habits, and leisure activities.The university expects a student to spend about two hours a week in outside study.As often as possible, a student should schedule study properly.Having regular study time will help the student develop a ―study habit.‖79.______Write down all the things you have to do that day and then prioritize your list.Decide when you will do each item and put your plan in action, completing the list and crossing off each item as you go.Take advantage of the ―waiting time‖ we experience each day, such as at the doctor’s office or waiting for kids.Carry notes and texts around with you so you might use those minutes.80.______Professors ask that the students should come to their classes and they plan the semester’s work accordingly.They do not repeat lectures or give ―make-up‖ lessons.Develop a positive relationship with your professors.Talk to your professor if an absence is unavoidable.It is your responsibility to take notes or make up for assignments that you miss.You should attend all your classes, participate in class discussions, and ask questions.You should be polite and respectful and pay attention to the discussions and questions of others.Section DDirections: Read the passage and answer the questions or complete the statements First Maggie, then 20, asked Stepmom and Dad if she could store a few boxes with them inWashington while she looked for another place to live.Then Maggie said she would like to move in to be with her boxes until her boyfriend Joe bought an apartment.Next Maggie asked whether Joe could move in "temporarily" until the apartment deal was closed.When Lucy and Pablo Sanchez returned home from vacation last Christmas, they found their small living room crammed with his boxes and a second welcome mat next to their own on the front porch(门廊).Lucy Sanchez says: "I have a headache."Analysts cite a variety of reasons for this return to the nest.The marriage age is rising, a condition that makes home and its benefits particularly attractive to young people, say experts.A high divorce rate and a declining remarriage rate are sending economically pressed and emotionally frustrated survivors back to parental shelters.For some, the expense of an away-from-home college education has become so big that many students now attend local schools.Even after graduation, young people find housing costs soaring.Sallie Knighton, 26, moved back to her parents' suburban Atlanta home to save enough money to buy a car.Her job as a teacher provided only enough money to cover car payments and an additional loan she had taken out.Her mother agrees, "It's ridiculous for the kids to pay all that money for rent.It makes sense for kids to stay at home." Bradley Kulat, 25, makes about $20,000 a year as an equipment technician in a hospital.That is enough to support a modest household, but he chooses to live at his parents' house outside Chicago.He admits to expensive tastes.He recently bought an $8,000 car and owns an $800 stereo system, a $300 ten-speed bike and an elegant wardrobe.Says his mother Evelyn: "It keeps you thinking younger, trying to keep up with them."Sharing the family home requires adjustments for all.There are quarrels over bathrooms, telephones and privacy.Some families manage the delicate balancing act.At 34, Esther Rodriguez dreaded returning to her parents' Denver home after three years of law school forced her $20,000 into debt."I thought it was going to be a restriction on my independence," she recalls.Instead, she was touched when her father installed a desk and phone in the basement so she would have a private study.But for others, the setup proves too difficult.Michelle Del Turco, 24, of Englewood, Colo., a Denver suburb, has been home three times—and left three times."What I considered a social drink, my dad considered an alcohol problem," she explains."He never liked anyone I dated, so I either had to sneak around or meet them at friends' houses."(Write your answer with no more than FIFTEEN words.)81.What does ―a second welcome mat next to their own on the front porch‖(Paragraph 1)mean to Lucy?82.Today, more and more people choose to return to the nest for_______and_________reasons.83.The underlined expression ―to admit to expensive tastes‖ means84.Why did Michelle Del Turco have to sneak around or meet his date at friends' houses?第II 卷I.TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words or phrase given in the brackets.1,仅凭你提供的证据不能证明他是有罪的。
2011年上海研讨生入学考试考试真题卷•本卷共分为1大题50小题,作答时刻为180分钟,总分100分,60分及格。
一、单项选择题(共50题,每题2分。
每题的备选项中,只要一个最契合题意)1.DNA的仿制____A.按3'→5'方向进行 B.依赖于物种特异的遗传暗码C.是碱基错配最首要的来历 D.是一个描绘基因表达的进程参考答案:C2.基因组是____A.生物体的一个特定细胞内一切基因的总量 B.遗传单位 C.一个生物体内一切基因的分子总量 D.一个二倍体细胞中的染色体数参考答案:A3.关于微卫星重复序列下列说法中过错的是____A.在DNA重组时,是不具有活性的 B.每一簇含的重复序列的数目比卫星重复的少 C.有一个10~15个核苷酸的中心重复序列 D.在集体的个别间重复簇的巨细常常发生改变参考答案:A4.锌指蛋白与锌的结合____A.是共价的 B.通过保存的胱氨酸和组氨酸残基间和谐进行 C.有必要有DNA的存在 D.坐落蛋白质的α-螺旋区域参考答案:B5.选出过错的选项____A.在DNA仿制进程中,通过辨认半甲基化的酶,甲基化得以保存 B.跟着发育阶段的改动,DNA的甲基化也要发生改变 C.具有活性的DNA对错甲基化的 D.基因有必要通过彻底的甲基化才干表达参考答案:D6.TATA框存在于____A.聚合酶Ⅱ辨认的一切发动子中 B.聚合酶Ⅱ辨认的大部分发动子中 C.聚合酶Ⅱ辨认的极少数发动子中 D.聚合酶Ⅲ辨认的一切发动子中参考答案:B7.下面关于真核生物翻译的叙说中,哪一个是正确的?____A.真核生物蛋白质的第一个氨基酸是修饰过的Met,蛋白质组成完成后,它立刻被切除 B.开始因子eIF只要同GTP 构成复合物才起效果 C.白喉毒素使EF-1 ADP核糖酰化D.停止暗码子与细菌的不同参考答案:B8.端粒酶与真核生物线形DNA结尾的仿制有关,它是一种____A.RNA聚合酶 B.反转录酶 C.核酸酶 D.结尾转移酶参考答案:D9.σ因子专一性表现在____A.辨认发动子的特异序列 B.与中心酶结合 C.属RNA 聚合酶的一个亚基 D.参加三元复合物的构成参考答案:A10.关于DNA构象,下列叙说正确的是____A.DNA-RNA杂交分子常采纳Z构象 B.B-DNA与Z-DNA 间的别构是转录调控的一种形式 C.B-DNA是能量最高的DNA 构象 D.Z-DNA,A-DNA构象是左手双螺旋参考答案:B11.哺乳动物线粒体DNA进行D环(D-loop)仿制,关于D 环仿制下面叙说正确的是____A.两条链的仿制是从两个独立的起点一起开始的 B.两条链的仿制是从两个独立的起点先后开始的 C.D环仿制不需求组成RNA引物 D.两条链的仿制一起停止参考答案:B12.下列不归于真核生物基因表达调控的反式效果因子是____A.GC框 B.亮氨酸拉链 C.同源异形域蛋白 D.HLH蛋白参考答案:A13.以下不是氨酰-tRNA组成酶分子结合位点的是____A.氨基酸结合位点 B.ATP结合位点 C.AMP结合位点D.tRNA结合位点参考答案:C14.典型的原核生物发动子不包含____A.CAAT框 B.Pribnow框 C.-35区 D.-35与-10区间的距离区参考答案:A15.以下关于真核生物基因表达的叙说过错的是____A.具有活性的基因甲基化是缺乏的 B.一个基因的激活需求改动染色体的结构 C.基因结构的活化包含核小体组蛋白的乙酰化等 D.mRNA进入胞质后,翻译不再受调控参考答案:D16.下列____是基因克隆所不需求的。