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可数名词的数1．单数名词变为复数名词的基本规则。
(1)以–o 结尾的名词变为复数时，常在词尾加–s ，但下列名词要加–es ：黑人英雄．．．．在回声．．中吃土豆．．、西红柿．．．，即：Negroes, heroes, echoes, potatoes, tomatoes 。
下列以–o 结尾的名词变为复数时既可以加–es ，也可以加–s ：zeros /zeroes(零)，mosquitos/mosquitoes(蚊子)，volcanos/volcanoes(火山)。
(2)以–f 或–fe 结尾的名词变为复数时，一般去掉f 或fe 加–ves ：为了自己活命．．．．，小偷．．和他的妻子．．手里拿着刀子．．和树叶．．站在架子．．上，把狼．劈成两半．，即：selves, lives, thieves, wives, knives, leaves, shelves, wolves, halves 。
但下列以–f 或–fe 结尾的名词变为复数时直接加–s ：屋．顶．上的首领信仰保险箱．．．．．．．，即：roofs, chiefs, beliefs, safes 。
下列以–f 结尾的名词变为复数时既可以去掉f 加–ves ，也可以直接加–s ：handkerchiefs /handkerchieves(手帕)，scarfs/scarves(围巾)。
(3)合成名词变成复数时，通常只将里面所含的主体名词变为复数，如果没有主体名词，则将最后一部分变为复数。
如：sons–in–law(女婿), passers–by(过路人), story–tellers(讲故事的人), breakfasts(早餐), housewives(家庭主妇)。
2．常见单复数同形的名词。
如：means, aircraft, deer, fish, fruit, cattle, Chinese, Japanese, sheep, works(工厂)等。
英语高考名词知识点归纳英语高考作为重要的考试，考察了学生对英语各个方面的掌握程度。
而名词作为英语的基本词类之一，在高考中占据了重要的地位。
下面将对英语高考中的名词知识点进行归纳和总结。
一、可数名词和不可数名词可数名词是指可以用数量词或数词修饰的名词，如book、dog等；而不可数名词则是指不能用数量词或数词修饰的名词，如water、money等。
在语法上，可数名词有复数形式，而不可数名词没有复数形式。
掌握好可数名词和不可数名词的用法，不仅可以帮助学生正确使用名词，还可以避免常见的语法错误。
二、可数名词的单复数变化在高考中，名词的单复数形式经常会出现在选择题中。
对于一些名词，它们的复数形式是通过在词尾添加-es、-s或-ies来形成的，如box→boxes、book→books、baby→babies等。
而对于一些不规则名词，其复数形式则需要进行记忆，如child→children、man→men等。
三、名词的所有格形式名词的所有格形式表示所属关系，它的构成方式为在名词的词尾添加-apostrophe+s。
若名词以s结尾，则只需添加-apostrophe即可，如James' book、the girls' classroom等。
在高考中，名词的所有格形式经常会出现在阅读理解和写作题型中，掌握好名词所有格的用法是解题的重要基础。
四、集合名词集合名词指的是表示一类事物的名词，如family、team等。
这类名词既可以看作单数形式，也可以看作复数形式，取决于它所概括的事物数量是可数的还是不可数的。
当集合名词表示一个整体时，它作为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式，如The family is having dinner together.当集合名词表示具体的成员时，它作为复数形式，谓语动词用复数形式，如The family are all watching TV.在高考中，对集合名词的正确使用可以加强句子的表达力和语法准确性。
英语名词知识点高考总结人们常说“名词是英语语法的基础”，而在英语的高考中，名词知识点也占据了相当重要的地位。
下面我们就来总结一下高考常考的英语名词知识点，以帮助同学们更好地备考。
一、名词的分类名词是根据其含义和用法的不同，可以分为五种不同的分类：可数名词，不可数名词，专有名词，集体名词和抽象名词。
1. 可数名词：指可以单独计数的名词，其后可接冠词a或an，表示不定数量。
可数名词还可以用于复数形式，通常在词尾加-s或-es。
例如：book（书），books（书籍）2. 不可数名词：指表示无法计数的名词，通常用来表示物质、抽象概念、集合或某些专有名词。
例如：water（水），knowledge（知识）3. 专有名词：指特定的人名、地名或团体名称，通常用大写字母开头。
例如：China（中国），David（大卫）4. 集体名词：指表示一类事物或一群人的名词，表示复数意义。
例如：family（家庭），team（团队）5. 抽象名词：指抽象概念或感觉的名词，通常无法用感官直接感知。
例如：love（爱），happiness（幸福）二、名词的单复数形式名词的单复数形式是高考名词题中的重点考点之一。
常见的名词单复数形式的规则有以下几种：1. 以辅音字母+y结尾的名词，变复数时将y改为i再加es。
例如：city（城市）→cities（城市）2. 以f或fe结尾的名词，变复数时通常将f或fe改为v再加es。
例如：wife（妻子）→wives（妻子）3. 以o结尾的名词，变复数时通常加s，但有例外，例如：tomato （西红柿）和piano（钢琴）的复数形式分别为tomatoes和pianos。
4. 以s，sh，ch，x结尾的名词，变复数时直接加es。
例如：class（班级）→classes（班级）三、名词的所有格名词的所有格表示所属关系，一般通过在名词后加-apostrophe+s完成。
但当名词为复数形式时，只需加-apostrophe。
语法复习专题一-—名词一、考点聚焦1。
可数名词单、复数变化形式(1）规则变化.①单数名词词尾直接加—s。
如：boy — boys, pen — pens。
②以s、x 、ch 、sh结尾的单词一般加-es。
如：glass — glasses，box — boxes， watch — watches, brush — brushes.特例：stomach - stomaches.③以“辅音字母 + y"结尾的变“y”为“i"再加“-es”.如:baby - babies， lady - ladies， fly — flies.④以“o"结尾的多数加-es。
如：tomato —tomatoes，potato —potatoes， hero - heroes。
但以两个元音字母结尾的名词和部分外来词中以o 结尾的词只加—s。
如：radio — radios, zoo — zoos， photo - photos，piano - pianos， kilo — kilos， tobacco - tobaccos.⑤以“f”或“fe"结尾的名词复数形式变“f"或“fe”为“v",之后再加-es。
如:wife - wives， life - lives, knife — knives， wolf— wolves， self — selves, leaf - leaves等.特例:handkerchief— handkerchiefs， roof - roofs, chief — chiefs, gulf — gulfs， belief — beliefs, cliff —cliffs。
⑥改变元音字母的.如：man - men, mouse — mice， foot — feet，woman — women, tooth — teeth， goose - geese， ox — oxen.特例：child - children。
英语高考名词知识点英语高考中，名词是一个重要的语法知识点。
掌握名词的各种用法和形态对于正确理解和使用英语至关重要。
本文将通过介绍名词的分类、单数和复数形式、所有格以及专有名词等方面的知识点，来帮助读者更好地学习和掌握英语名词。
一、名词的分类名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词两大类。
可数名词指可以用数目词加以计数的名词，可以单独使用或者与数词搭配使用。
例如：book（书）、chair（椅子）等。
不可数名词指无法用数目词计数的名词，只能作为整体出现。
例如：water（水）、advice（建议）等。
二、名词的单数和复数形式名词的单数形式用于表示一个人、物或概念，而复数形式则表示多个人、物或概念。
1. 可数名词的复数形式多数在单数形式末尾加上-s或者-es。
例如：books（书）、chairs（椅子）。
2. 不规则名词的复数形式需要根据具体情况记忆。
例如：child（孩子）的复数形式是children（孩子们）、man（男人）的复数形式是men（男人们）等。
3. 一些名词的单复数形式相同，只能通过上下文来判断。
例如：sheep（羊）、fish（鱼）等。
三、名词的所有格名词所有格用于表示一个名词所属关系或者所有关系。
1. 对于大多数名词，只需在其后添加-apostrophe（‘）和-s即可构成所有格。
例如：girl的复数形式girls的所有格是girls’。
2. 如果一个名词已经以-s结尾，只需要在其末尾添加-apostrophe（'）即可。
例如：students的所有格是students'。
3. 对于某些特殊的名词，其所有格形式是不规则的。
例如：man的所有格是man’s。
四、专有名词专有名词是指专指某人、某地、某组织或某事物的名词。
1. 人名通常用作单数，不会有复数形式。
例如：John、Mary等。
2. 地名和组织机构名字通常不加任何标记表示复数。
例如：London、Japan、Microsoft等。
高考英语 高考语法全集之--名词一．名词的定义名词是人、动物、事物、地方、状态、品质或动作的名称。
它可表具体的和抽象的东西。
下面划线单词都是名词：John is my friend ．My children love their teachers ．（人） The dog is running after a rat ．（动物） The meeting was a great success. （事物）This school is good ．Broadway is a street in New York City ．（地方） My pencil is lost ．The window of this house is pretty ．（东西） Poverty is a big problem ．Everyone seeks happiness ．（状态） His bravery is well-known ．I enjoy the beauty of this garden ．（品质） His arrival was on Sunday ．His judgment is not correct ．（动作） 名词分为专有名词和普通名词两个大类:指具体人物、地点、机构、组织、团体、国家或地区的专用名称。
是一类人、一类东西、一个抽象概念等的共有名称。
按语法特征它又可分为个和不可数名词之分：表示作为个体而存在的人或事物的名词。
②集体名词：表示若干个人或事物总体的名词。
若强调整体也可作单数用。
如：family 家庭class 班,阶层army 军队 council 委员会 staff 工作人员team 队 public 公众 jury 陪审团generation 一代人 club 俱乐部 government 政府 crowd 人群 group 组police 警察 press 新闻界 board 董事会 people 人们 youth 年轻人 majority 大多数 population 人口 party 群，队，组 personnel 全体人员 committee 委员会 audience 观众；听众crew 全体船员/机组人员等。
1．2017·全国卷Ⅱ;69This development was only possible with the ________ introduce of electric-powered engines and lifts.答案：introduction 由空格前的定冠词the可知其后应接名词作介词with的宾语..2．2017·全国卷Ⅲ;66She is determined to carry on with her ________ educate.答案：education 形容词性物主代词通常在名词前作定语..由此可知her后面的空格处应为名词education..3．2017·浙江高考;56 Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small ________ carrot and was about to throw them away.答案：carrots 由空格前面的修饰语a handful of “一把……；少量的”可知后面的名词carrot应用复数形式carrots..4．2016·全国卷Ⅱ;46Recent ________study show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly.答案：studies 根据句子谓语动词show可知;主语应该是名词的复数形式..5．2016·全国卷Ⅰ;61Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires; Asia's biggest building; and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me; pandas are its top ________ attract.答案：attraction 根据空格前的形容词top可知应用名词;形容词常用作定语来修饰名词..6．2016·全国卷Ⅱ;42Handle the most important tasks first so you'll feel a real sense of ________ achieve.答案：achievement 介词of后要用名词作宾语..a sense ofachievement “成就感”..7．2016·全国卷Ⅰ;69The nursery team switches him every few ________ day with his sister.答案：days few修饰可数名词复数;故答案为days..every few days “每隔几天”..8．2016·江苏高考;阅读CThe weather ________effect; both good and bad; are felt in many places.答案：effects 句子的谓语为are felt;由此可知句子的主语也应该是复数形式effects..9．2016·北京高考;阅读DThe college years are supposed to be a time for important ________grow in autonomy 自主性and the development of adult identity.答案：growth 形容词important用来修饰名词；根据句子结构 ... and the development ... 可知此处应填名词growth和后面的development构成并列..10．2015·浙江高考;15One of the most effective ways to reduce ________ stressful is to talk about feelings with someone you trust.答案：stress 动词reduce后需用名词作宾语;stress “压力;紧张”;是不可数名词..句意：减压的最有效方法之一是和你信任的人谈论感受..一、可数名词的数可数名词都有单数和复数之分..一名词复数的规则变化二名词复数的不规则变化二、不可数名词不可数名词包括专有名词、物质名词和抽象名词;一般没有单复数之分..1．常考的不可数名词2．抽象名词具体化抽象名词在表示具体的概念时;可以与不定冠词连用;常见的和常考的有：3．物质名词的复数现象1有些物质名词用复数形式表示与原来不同的事物..paper纸—papers证件;论文custom风俗习惯—customs海关arm胳膊—arms武器;装备air空气—airs摆架子;装腔作势2有一些物质名词用复数形式;表示由大量该物质组成的事物..sand沙子—sands沙滩;沙漠water水—waters水域;水体time时间—times时代wood木头;木材—woods树林3有些物质名词用复数形式表示不同的种类;如food; wine;metal; fish; vegetable等..The wines of France are among the best in the world.三、名词的所有格1．有生命的名词;其所有格一般在名词后加-'s..his father's boss 他爸爸的老板2．表示时间、城市、地域、团体、机构等非生命的事物后也可加-'s 表示其所有格..today's paper 今天的报纸England's shore 英国的海岸the car's design 这辆车的设计We accepted the invitation without a moment's hesitation.3．在某些习惯用语中;也需要加-'s所有格..for friendship's sake 为了友情at a stone's throw 一箭之远at one's finger's tip 手头上有at arm's length 保持距离；在伸手可及处at one's wits' end 黔驴技穷4．无生命的名词;借用of表示所属关系..the window of the room 这个房间的窗户5．如果一样东西为两个人共有;则只在后一个名词后加-'s;如果不是共有的则两个名词后都要加-'s..Jane and Mary's mother 简和玛丽的妈妈共有;暗示简和玛丽是姐妹关系Jane's and Mary's mothers 简的妈妈和玛丽的妈妈不是共有;分别指两位妈妈6．双重所有格：“a/two/some ...＋名词＋of＋名词's/名词性物主代词”构成双重所有格;“of＋名词所有格”中的名词必须表示人;不能表示事物..a friend of her mother's 她妈妈的一个朋友two photos of hers 她的两张照片Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Although these _______ measure are not effective forever; they are vital for now.答案：measures 根据前面的指示代词these和谓语动词are可以判断;主语应用复数形式measures..2．Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see; and often taste a wide variety of ________ apple.答案：apples a wide variety of “各种各样的”;修饰复数名词..句意：在苹果节人们可以看到;并常常能尝到各种各样的苹果..3．The __________ life of these people have finally been recorded thanks to the effects of a Frenchman from Paris called Gin.答案：lives 句子的谓语动词have finally been recorded是复数形式;由此可以判断出此处需要用名词复数形式作句子的主语..4．It's still a useful and pleasant form of ________communicate.答案：communication 介词of之后要用名词; a form ofcommunication “一种沟通方式”..5. I had no ________ choose but to prepare for it; though.答案：choice 形容词no后面应跟名词..have no choice but to do sth. “除了……别无选择”;固定搭配..6．Some schools will have to make ________adjust in agreement with the national soccer reform.答案：adjustments 句意：为了与国家的足球改革相适应;一些学校将做出调整..make adjustments是固定表达;意为“做出调整”..7．There is no need to tell me your answer now. Give it some ________ think and then let me know.答案：thought 句意：现在没必要告诉我你的答案..认真考虑;然后告诉我..some后应跟名词;t hought “思索;考虑”..8．Only a few dollars can help to fill a ________ child hungry stomach.答案：child's 此处表示“仅仅几美元就能帮助一个孩子不挨饿”;空后是名词stomach;提示词是child;空前是不定冠词a;故用child的所有格形式..9．When he was running after his brother; the boy lost his ________ balanced and had a bad fall.答案：balance 句意：小男孩在追赶哥哥时失去了平衡;重重地摔了一跤..根据空格前的动词lost和物主代词his可知需用名词作宾语..lose one's balance “失去平衡”..10．—Why not buy a second-hand car first if you don't have enough money for a new one—That's a good ________ suggest.答案：suggestion 句意：——如果你的钱不够买一辆新车;为什么不先买一辆二手车呢——这是个好建议..由常识可知形容词修饰名词;故good后应用suggest的名词形式suggestion..Ⅱ.单句改错1．“Reading for pleasure” plays a more important role in one's grow than one's family background._____________________________________________________答案：grow→growth考查词性转换..由后文的one's family background可知前面的one's后应是名词growth..2. As a witness; he gave the police a vivid descriptions of the accident._____________________________________________________答案：descriptions→description考查名词..description “描述;描写”;give sb. a description为固定短语;意为“向某人作描述”..3．You can't legally take possessions of the property until three weeks after the contract is signed._____________________________________________________答案：possessions→possession考查固定短语..take possession of “拥有;占有”;固定搭配..4. The students with hobbies left school with many extra skill.____________________________________________________答案：skill→skills考查名词的数..由many修饰可数名词复数可知应用skills..5．Several friends of me together with me will visit our headmaster.____________________________________________________答案：第一个me→mine考查双重所有格..此处表示“我的几个朋友”;应用“n.＋of＋名词性物主代词”结构..Ⅲ.语法填空I've dreamed of becoming a writer since I was a teenager. But it isn't easy to get a book of __1__ I published. Although I've tried hard; none of my __2__ book have been published. This is really __3__ upset．This morning; I received a call from a publisher and __4__tell once again that there was no way my book would be published. __5__ feel sad; I left home and went to the park near my apartment. At the park; I sat down on the bench near the grass.While I was sitting there; I saw a little boy about one and a half years old. He was running on the grass; __6__ his mother not far behind him. He looked so happy when he enjoyed the__7__ free of running on the grass. He then fell on the grass; but he quickly got up and continued to run as fast __8__he could again even without looking back at his mother. He was still running with a smile on his face; as if nothing__9__ happen．Seeing that; I was __10__true inspired. I suddenly realized that Ishouldn't get discouraged after experiencing failure. Instead;I should cheer up and keep on trying.1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________5．________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________9．________ 10.________篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文..文章主要讲述了作者在公园里看到一个一岁半左右的男孩在草地上摔倒后并没有向妈妈求助而是自己迅速爬起来继续奔跑这一情景;从而受到启发：人生遇到挫折不能气馁;而是要振作起来;继续努力奋斗..1．mine 考查双重所有格..由设空前的“a book of”可知;应填名词性物主代词;且此处表示“我的一本书”;故填mine..2．books 考查名词的数..根据主谓一致原则;none of后可接不可数名词;也可接可数名词复数形式;book为可数名词;故应填books..3．upsetting 考查词性转换..副词really修饰形容词;this指的是上句中所述没有一本书被发表这件事;由此可知此处应用形容词upsetting作表语..4．was told 考查动词的语态和时态..句意：我被再一次告知我的书不可能出版..句子的主语I与谓语是被动关系;因此需用被动语态;且由“this morning”可知;应用一般过去时的被动语态..5．Feeling 考查非谓语动词..feel sad的逻辑主语是句子的主语I;是主动关系;因此需用现在分词的一般式作状语;表示原因..Feeling sad相当于As I felt sad..6．with 考查介词..with的复合结构作伴随状语..7．freedom 考查词性转换..根据空格前的定冠词the以及空格后的介词短语of running on the grass可知应用名词;即在草地上奔跑的自由..8．as 考查连词..as fast as he could “尽可能快地”;as ... as 为固定结构..9．had happened 考查动词的时态..句意：摔倒之后他飞快地爬起来;依然面带笑容地奔跑着;好像什么事也没有发生似的..根据语境可知;as if引导的方式状语从句所表示的内容是对过去的情况的假设;因此需用虚拟语气..10．truly 考查词性转换..句意：看到此情此景;我真的受到启发..副词作状语修饰谓语动词was inspired..Ⅳ.短文改错Dear Peter;I'm glad to give you some advices on how to learn Chinese well. Here is a few suggestions.First; it is important to take a Chinese course; so in this wayyou can learn from teachers and practice with your fellow students. Then; it also helped to watch TV and read books; newspapers and magazines in Chinese whenever it possible. Besides; it is good ideato learn and sing Chinese songs; because by doing so you'll learnand rememberChinese words more easier. You can also make more Chinese friends; from which you will learn a lot about China. They can helpyou learning Chinese; too. We hope that my suggestions will beof help to you.Best wishes.Yours;Li Hua 答案：Dear Peter;I'm glad to give you some 错误! on how to learn Chinese well. Here 错误! a few suggestions.First; it is important to take a Chinese course; 错误! in this way you can learn from teachers and practice with your fellow students. Then; it also 错误! to watch TV and read books; newspapers and magazines in Chinese whenever 错误! it 错误! possible. Besides; it is 错误! good idea to learn and sing Chinese songs; because by doing so you'll learn and remember Chinese words more 错误!. You can also make more Chinese friends; from 错误!you will learn a lot about China. They can help you 错误! Chinese; too. 错误! hope that my suggestions will be of help to you.Best wishes.Yours;LiHua1.advices→advice考查不可数名词..advice是不可数名词;没有复数形式..2.is→are考查主谓一致..主语suggestions是复数形式;谓语动词也应该用复数..3.so→because考查连词..后一分句表示的“能够向老师学习和同学之间练习汉语”是原因;而非结果..4.helped→helps考查动词的时态..本句进一步描述报读一门汉语课程的好处;应用一般现在时..5.去掉whenever后的it或在it后加is 考查省略..whenever it is possible的省略形式为whenever possible..6.good idea前加a 考查名词的数..idea是可数名词..7.easier→easily考查副词..修饰谓语动词learn and remember应用副词..8.which→whom考查关系代词..定语从句的先行词Chinese friends 是指人的名词短语;且关系词在从句中作宾语;故关系代词应用whom..9.learning→learn考查非谓语动词..help sb. do sth.“帮助某人做某事”..10.We→I考查人称代词..根据短文开头I'm glad to give you some ... 可知;应将We改为I..。
高考英语语法专题名词第二部分语法专题讲析专题一名词考点一名词的固定搭配①[2016·天津]The dictionary is out of date：many words have been added tothe language since it was published.这本词典过时了：自从它出版以来，这种语言已经增加了许多单词.②[2015·江苏]Some schools will have to make adjustments in agreement withthe national soccer reform.这些学校将不得不作出一些调整来和国家足球改革保持一致.1．动词have，keep，take，make，get，pay，play，give，put等加名词构成的短语have a good reputation有个好的名声have an idea of了解have a sense of有……意识have a feeling of有……感觉have access to可以获得have an advantage over胜过，优于keep a balance保持平衡take...into account考虑……take advantage of利用；趁……之机make fun of取笑，嘲弄make the best of充分利用；妥善处理get/lose contact with与……取得/失去联系get relief得到缓解give a solution给出解决方案put...into practice将……付诸行动2．介词后加名词构成的短语in great demand需求量很大in quantity大量，大批in progress在进行中in production在产量方面out of one's reach某人够不到out of touch失去联系out of sight看不见beyond recognition辨认不出来without permission未经允许考点二名词的单复数①[2015·江苏]—Go and say sorry to your Mom，Dave.—I'd like to，but I'm afraid she won't be happy with my apology/apologies.——戴夫，去向你妈妈道歉.——我想去，但是我怕她对我的道歉并不会感到满意.②Leaves turn green in spring.春天树叶变绿了.1．单数名词变为复数名词的基本规则一般情况加－s，以s，x，sh，ch等结尾，加－es，例如：buses，boxes，dishes，watches等〔stomachs例外〕.〔1〕以辅音字母加－y结尾的名词，将－y变为－i再加－es，例如：families，butterflies，dictionaries，stories等.〔2〕以－o结尾的名词变为复数时，常在词尾加－s，但中学英语中下列名词要加－es，它们是：黑人英雄在回声中吃土豆、西红柿，即Negroes，heroes，echoes，potatoes，tomatoes.但下列以－o结尾的名词既可以加－es，也可以加－s，它们是：zeros〔zeroes〕零，mosquitos 〔mosquitoes〕蚊子，volcanos〔volcanoes〕火山.〔3〕以－f或－fe结尾的名词变为复数时，一般直接加－s，例如：roofs和believes等.但下列以－f或－fe结尾的名词需要把f或fe去掉，加－ves，它们是：为了自己活命，小偷和他的妻子手里拿着刀子和树叶站在架子上，把狼劈成两半，即selves，lives，thieves，wives，k nives，leaves，shelves，wolves，halves.但下列以－f结尾的名词既可以去掉f加－ves，也可以直接加－s，它们是：handkerchiefs〔handkerchieves〕手帕，scarfs 〔scarves〕围巾.〔4〕合成名词变成复数时，通常只将里面所含的主体名词变为复数，如果没有主体名词，则将最后一部分变为复数.如：sons－in－law女婿；passers－by过路人；story－tellers讲故事的人；breakfasts早餐；housewives家庭主妇.2．常见单复数同形的名词Chinese中国人；Japanese日本人；sheep绵羊；deer鹿；series系列；means方式；works工厂；fish鱼；fruit水果；crossroads十字路口；horsepower马力；jin斤等.其中fish，fruit表示种类时，可加复数词尾，即fishes，fruits.2018高考一轮总复习教师用书·英语第二部分语法专题讲析考点三抽象名词具体化①[2014·辽宁]Your contribution will certainly make the event a hugesuccess.你的贡献一定会使这个事件很成功.②—The hero bus driver in Hangzhou died yesterday.—Yes，news came as a shock to me.——杭州英雄司机昨天去世了.——是的，这对我来说是一件令人震惊的事情.考点总结单词抽象名词意义具体化名词意义success成功成功的人或事pleasure乐趣令人高兴的事attraction吸引有吸引力的人或事物beauty美；美丽美丽的人或美好的事物令人感到安慰的安慰；慰藉人或事物danger危险危险的人或因素delight高兴令人高兴的事failure失败失败的人或事物surprise惊奇令人惊奇的事情shock震惊令人震惊的事情pride骄傲令人骄傲的事情◆名词与语法填空在语法填空中，对于名词的考查主要涉及可数名词的复数、名词的所有格以及词类变换.[典题试做1]用括号内所给词的正确形式填空1．[2016·全国Ⅰ]But for tourists like me，pandas are its top ________〔attract〕．2．[2016·全国Ⅰ]The nursery team switches him every few ________〔day〕 with his sisterso that while one is being bottle－fed...3．[2016·全国Ⅱ]Then，handle the most important tasks first so you'll feel a real sense of________ 〔achieve〕．4．[2016·全国Ⅱ]Recent ________ 〔study〕 show that we are far more productive at work ifwe take short breaks regularly.5．[2016·四川]Any smell might attract natural ________ 〔enemy〕 that would try to eat thelittle panda.答案：1.attraction 2.days 3.achievement4．studies 5.enemies[应对策略1]首先要弄清数与格，即名词是否该用复数，是否要用所有格；其次，注意有关名词的构词法，即有关名词的词类转换.这就要求考生要搞清楚名词在句中作什么成分，近几年常考名词作主语、宾语、表语的情况.◆名词与短文改错短文改错中对于名词的考查最可能考查名词的数与格.汉语中的名词在形式上没有复数变化，而是通过在其前加数词或量词等方式来表示.而英语则不同，除了在名词前加数词外，如果是可数名词，还须用其名词复数形式，而不可数名词没有复数形式.其次名词的考查还会涉及词性转换方面的错误.[典题试做2]单句改错〔每小题1处错误〕1．[2016·全国Ⅰ]My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest.________2．[2016·全国Ⅱ]If we go on a trip abroad，we can broaden our view and gain knowledgeswe cannot get from books.________3．[2016·全国Ⅲ]The teenage year from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time forme.________4．[2016·四川]Mom has a full－time job，but she has to do most of thehouseworks.________答案：1.honest→ho nesty 2.knowledges→knowledge3．year→years 4.houseworks→housework[应对策略2]遇到名词首先注意区分它是可数名词还是不可数名词；其次还可以根据名词前的修饰语或谓语动词的单复数来判断.此外，还要注意名词的所有格以及名词的句法功能，判断是否存在词性转换方面的错误.◆书面表达中名词易错点聚焦1．写作中对于复数名词易疏漏－s或－es，如：〔误〕I'd love to make friend with you.〔误〕All the picture displayed are of geat value. 2．部分名词的复数变化错误，如：familys，knifes，difficultys，pianoes，heros，womandoctors，tooths，childrens，medias. 3．部分词性易混作名词，如：动词误作名词形容词误作名词动词名词形容词名词succeed success honest honestyaffect effect healthy health4.可数与不可数名词混淆.如：不可数可数take action take measuressome advicesome suggestionstake exercise eye exercisesmake progressinformationⅠ.单句语法填空1．[2017·广东汕头二模]Without the proper treatment，minor________〔injury〕or burnscould lead to more suffering and even loss of lives.2．[2017·山东青岛一模]They were the kind that I did not have in my________〔collect〕 soI placed them carefully in my bag.3．[2017·山东烟台3月诊断]Three months later，〕．4．[2017·江苏泰兴质检]For sustainable development，the government has decided to give________〔prefer〕to those energy－conserving and environment－friendly businesses inmany aspects.5．[2017·江苏运河中学一调]—Mr Wang is a man of few words，but quick in mind.—A still tongue makes a wise________，you know.答案：1.injuries解析：句意：如果得不到妥善治疗，轻伤或轻度烧伤可能会导致更大的痛苦甚至死亡.形容词后需加名词作主语，injury为可数名词，minor没有不定冠词，故需用injury的复数形式injuries表示泛指.2．collection解析：句意：因为它们是我收藏中没有的那种，因此我把它们小心地放在了我的包里.形容词性物主代词后需用名词形式，故答案为collection.3．games解析：句意：三个月后，Zejd能够和他的同班同学很愉快地对诸如家庭作业、游戏等常规事情进行交流了.介词like后需用名词形式，game为可数名词，在本句中表示泛指，故用其复数形式.4．preference 解析：句意：为了可持续发展，政府已经决定在很多方面给那些节能环保企业优惠.givepreference to...给……以优惠.5．head 解析：句意：——王先生寡言少语但思维敏捷.——你知道：寡言者智.A stilltongue makes a wise head.为谚语，意为：寡言者智.Ⅱ.单句改错1．[2017·福建南平3月质检]Often she buys some toy for him to play with，especially on hisbirthday.________2．[2017·河北邯郸一模]During the next few days，we visited the world－famous sight，such as the Great Wall，the Summer Palace，and the Forbidden City，which contain alarge number of precious treasures.________3．[2017·河南焦作一模]While I was walking on my way to school，I noticed two cleanersweeping the street.________ 4．[2017·湖北黄冈3月质检]And then I went to a department store near the hospitals andcontacted her family.________5．[2017·江西八所重点中学4月联考]We were touched by such an act of kind on a hotday.________答案： 1.toy→toys 2.sight→sights3.cleaner→cleaners 4.hospitals→hospital5.kind→kindnessⅢ.语法填空A〔名词专练〕It was late at night.Two 1.________〔German〕were sleeping in their room when suddenly，one of them，Mrs. Green，was woken up and found a thief slipping into their room to try his luck.She had three 2.________〔thousand〕 dollars in her pocket.“What should I do？Many 3.________〔thief〕usually bring 4.________〔knife〕with them，”she thought in 5.________〔silent〕．And at the same time the thief happened to touch a 6.________〔sport〕suit.It seemed as if he found there was someone in the room，so he went out to the next room where two 7.________〔Frenchman〕were sleeping.When he was looking for 8.________〔money〕 or some 9.________〔jewel〕 in the next room，Mrs.Green woke up her husband quickly and called the 10.________〔policeman〕．And then the thief knew what had happened.He was so scared that he took out a knife.Just then the police showed up.Before the thief ran away，the police caughthim.For Mrs. Green，it was really an unusual experience.答案：1.Germans 2.thousand 3.thieves 4．knives 5.silence 6.sports 7.Frenchmen 8.money 9.jewels/jewelry 10.policeB[2017·河北石家庄高三调研]We think that life in Chinese high school is an adventure in which we have to survive mountains of homework and exams.Yet would it be 1.________〔surprise〕 if I tell you that highschool life in the US is almost as stressful and demanding as it is in China?In US high school，everything 2.________〔record〕 and graded，including your grades on quizzes，tests and final examinations.Failing 3.________〔turn〕 in your homework on time willdirectly affect your grade for a certain course.Perhaps contrary to 4.________we used to think of the US high school students，they pay great attention to their 5.________〔academy〕 performance to try to get into distinguished university.6.________，they'll be disappointed after graduation fromhigh school.Like university students，the US high school students have the 7.________〔free〕 to choosethe courses that most interest 8.________〔they〕．Even a 9th－grader can sit 9.________the same classroom as 12th－graders.But this also means he or she has to work very hard，because the teacher will not treat him or her differently just because he or she is a few years10.________〔young〕．答案：[解题导语]本文是一篇说明文.文章主要介绍了美国的高中生活.1．surprising 解析：考查分词形容词.此处是现在分词作形容词，意为“令人吃惊的”，符合语境.2．is recorded解析：考查动词的时态和语态.everything和谓语record之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且表示客观情况，故用一般现在时的被动语态，即is recorded，与graded呼应.3．to turn 解析：考查非谓语动词.fail to do sth.意为“不能做某事”，为固定搭配.4．what 解析：考查名词性从句.空处引导宾语从句，在从句中作宾语，表示物的概念，故填what.5．academic解析：考查形容词.修饰名词应用形容词，故用形容词academic修饰名词performance，作定语.6．Otherwise解析：考查副词.根据语境可知，此处表示否则他们高中毕业后就会感到失望，故用副词otherwise，意为“否则”，作状语.7．freedom 解析：考查名词.由定冠词the可知，此处应用名词，即freedom.8．them 解析：考查代词.此处应用宾语形式，作动词interest的宾语，故用them.9．in 解析：考查介词.in the classroom意为“在教室里”，符合语境，故用介词in.10．younger解析：考查形容词比较级.根据上文可知，9年级和12年级的学生相比，自然是年轻一些，故用形容词的比较级形式，即younger.11 / 11。
