渤海大学
本科毕业论文
题目非惯性系下力学问题的研究完成人姓名张亚楠
主修专业物理学教育
所在院（系）数理学院物理系入学年度2008年
完成日期2011年6月1日指导教师丁文波
非惯性系下力学问题的探讨
张亚楠渤海大学物理系
摘要：非惯性参照系就是能够对同一个被观测的单元施加作用力的观测参照框架和附加非线性的坐标系的统称。在经典机械力学中，任何一个使得“伽利略相对性原理”失效的参照系都是所谓的“非惯性参照系”。了解非惯性系下的力学问题很重要。对于非惯性系的研究已经从传统的理论已经从传统的理论教学扩展到实际生活应用领域，从宏观研究深入到微观领域。随着生活领域的不断扩大，对非惯性系下的元器件动力学行为，特别是非线性动力学行为的研究还有很大的空间。在直升机转子等航空发动机转子的动力学研究中，应用的也主要是非惯性系动力学的理论知识。近年来通过研究发现，在非惯性系中两体问题、摩擦力、压强以及浮力问题等都得以解决。本文阐述了惯性系和非惯性系的区别，由惯性力着手，把牛顿第二地定律引入到非惯性系中，分析了牛顿第二定律的适用条件，并对非惯性系下的力学问题进行研究。第一部分对非惯性系和惯性系进行概述。第二部分对非惯性系下摩擦力的研究进行了讲述，摩擦力从动于包括惯性力在内的其它力作用。第三部分通过分析在非惯性系中液体内部浮力和压强的变化，阐述了在不同参考系下液体浮力和压强的变化规律。
关键词：非惯性系；摩擦力；压强；浮力
Mechanics Problems in the non-inertial frame
Zhang Ya-nan Department of Physics，Bohai University Abstract:Collectively referred to as the coordinate system of the observation frame of reference and additional non-linear non-inertial frame of reference is the ability to exert force on the same observation unit. In classical mechanics, no one makes the "failure of the principle of Galilean relativity" frame of reference is the so-called "non-inertial frame of reference. Mechanical problem is very important to understand the non-inertial frame. For non-inertial frames from the traditional theory has been expanded from the traditional teaching of the theory to real-life applications, from a macro research into micro areas. With the continuous expansion of areas of life, the dynamic behavior of non-inertial frame components, especially the study of nonlinear dynamic behavior there is a lot of space. The study of helicopter rotor aero-engine rotor dynamics, the application of theoretical knowledge of non-inertial frame dynamics. In recent years, the study found that two-body problem in the non-inertial, friction, pressure and buoyancy problems are all resolved. This paper describes the difference between inertial frames and non-inertial frames, to proceed by the inertia force, the introduction of Newton's second law of land to the non-inertial reference frame, Newton's Second Law applies to conditions, mechanical problems and non-inertial frame study. The first part an overview of the non-inertial frames and inertial frames. The
second part of the non-inertial friction about the friction follower force, including the inertia force. The third part through the analysis of liquid internal buoyancy and pressure change in the non-inertial reference frame on a different reference liquid buoyancy and pressure variation.
Key words: Non-inertial；Friction；Pressure；Buoyancy
目录
引言 (1)
一、非惯性系概述 (3)
（一）非惯性系和惯性系 (3)
（二）平动非惯性参考系 (5)
1.平动的非惯性系 (5)
2. 非惯性系中牛顿运动定律的应用 (7)
（三）转动非惯性参考系 (11)
1. 转动坐标系中的运动学问题 (11)
2. 转动非惯性系中的动力学问题 (13)
3. 落体偏东——地球自转的动力学效应 (13)
二、非惯性系中摩擦力的研究 (14)
（一）摩擦力的从动性 (14)
（二）非惯性系中的摩擦力 (15)
1.惯性力的具体形式 (15)
2.静摩擦力 (16)
3.滑动摩擦力 (16)
三、非惯性系中液体内部的浮力和压强的讨论 (17)
（一）惯性系中液体内部浮力和压强的表达式 (17)
（二）非惯性系中液体内部浮力和压强的表达式 (18)
结论 (25)
参考文献 (26)
