美国《消费品安全改进法案》

美国消费品安全改进法案美国消费品安全改进法案是一项旨在保护消费者免受不安全产品伤害的重要立法措施。

该法案的主要目标是确保消费者在使用各类消费品时的安全性，并提供有效的监管机制来管理和处置不合格产品。

该法案包括以下几个关键内容：1. 产品标准要求：根据不同类别的消费品，制定相应的产品标准。

这些标准涵盖了从电器、儿童玩具到食品和药品等各个领域。

标准除了包括产品的基本功能和质量要求外，还强调了安全性的重要性。

同时，对于容易造成危险的产品，还会特别制定更为严格的标准。

2. 检测和评估机制：为确保产品符合相关标准，消费品安全改进法案建立了一个健全的检测和评估机制。

这包括建立实验室用于测试产品的性能和安全性，并定期进行检查和评估。

对于未通过检测的产品，相关企业将被要求进行改进或下架，以避免给消费者造成损害。

3. 举报和追责制度：该法案还设立了消费者举报和追责制度。

消费者可以通过举报系统向相关机构举报不合格产品或商家的不良行为。

同时，对于存在违规行为的企业，相关机构将采取制裁措施，包括罚款、产品召回以及企业信用的限制等。

这将有效地保护消费者的权益，促进市场的公平竞争。

4. 教育和宣传活动：为提升公众对于消费品安全的认知，该法案还鼓励进行相关的教育和宣传活动。

这包括在学校、社区和媒体等渠道传播安全使用消费品的知识和技巧，以提高消费者自我保护能力。

消费品安全改进法案的实施对于美国的消费者来说具有重要意义。

它能够确保市场上的消费品质量和安全，防止不符合标准的产品流入市场。

通过加强监管和追责，该法案有助于减少消费者因使用不安全产品而遭受的伤害，并维护了公众的利益和信心。

同时，该法案也促进了企业之间的竞争，推动了整个市场的健康发展。

总的来说，消费品安全改进法案在提升消费者福祉和保护他们的权益方面起到了非常重要的作用。

消费品安全改进法案（Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act，CPSIA）是美国国会于2008年通过并于同年12月法案的一项综合性消费品安全立法。

PUBLIC LAW 110–314—AUG. 14, 2008 CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY IMPROVEMENT ACT OF 2008122 STAT. 3016 PUBLIC LAW 110–314—AUG. 14, 2008Public Law 110–314110th CongressAn ActTo establish consumer product safety standards and other safety requirements for children’s products and to reauthorize and modernize the Consumer ProductSafety Commission.Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS. (a) S HORT T ITLE .—This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act of 2008’’. (b) T ABLE OF C ONTENTS .—The table of contents for this Act is as follows:Sec. 1.Short title; table of contents. Sec. 2.References. Sec. 3.Authority to issue implementing regulations.TITLE I—CHILDREN’S PRODUCT SAFETY Sec.101.Children’s products containing lead; lead paint rule. Sec.102.Mandatory third party testing for certain children’s products. Sec.103.Tracking labels for children’s products. Sec.104.Standards and consumer registration of durable nursery products. beling requirement for advertising toys and games. Sec.106.Mandatory toy safety standards. Sec.107.Study of preventable injuries and deaths in minority children related to consumer products. Sec.108.Prohibition on sale of certain products containing specified phthalates.TITLE II—CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY COMMISSION REFORM Subtitle A—Administrative ImprovementsSec.201.Reauthorization of the Commission. Sec.202.Full Commission requirement; interim quorum; personnel. Sec.203.Submission of copy of certain documents to Congress. Sec.204.Expedited rulemaking. Sec.205.Inspector general audits and reports. Sec.206.Industry-sponsored travel ban. Sec.207.Sharing of information with Federal, State, local, and foreign government agencies. Sec.208.Employee training exchanges. Sec.209.Annual reporting requirement.Subtitle B—Enhanced Enforcement AuthoritySec.211.Public disclosure of information. Sec.212.Establishment of a public consumer product safety database. Sec.213.Prohibition on stockpiling under other Commission-enforced statutes. Sec.214.Enhanced recall authority and corrective action plans. Sec.215.Inspection of firewalled conformity assessment bodies; identification of supply chain. Sec.216.Prohibited acts. Sec.217.Penalties. Sec.218.Enforcement by State attorneys general. Sec.219.Whistleblower protections. Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act of 2008. Commerce and trade. 15 USC 2051 note. Aug. 14, 2008[H.R. 4040]122 STAT. 3017 PUBLIC LAW 110–314—AUG. 14, 2008Subtitle C—Specific Import-Export ProvisionsSec.221.Export of recalled and non-conforming products.Sec.222.Import safety management and interagency cooperation.Sec.223.Substantial product hazard list and destruction of noncompliant importedproducts.Sec.224.Financial responsibility.Sec.225.Study and report on effectiveness of authorities relating to safety of im-ported consumer products.Subtitle D—Miscellaneous Provisions and Conforming AmendmentsSec.231.Preemption.Sec.232.All-terrain vehicle standard.Sec.233.Cost-benefit analysis under the Poison Prevention Packaging Act of 1970.Sec.234.Study on use of formaldehyde in manufacturing of textile and apparel ar-ticles.Sec.235.Technical and conforming changes.Sec.236.Expedited judicial review.Sec.237.Repeal.Sec.238.Pool and Spa Safety Act technical amendments.Sec.239.Effective dates and Severability.SEC. 2. REFERENCES.(a) D EFINED T ERMS.—As used in this Act—(1) the term ‘‘appropriate Congressional committees’’ meansthe Committee on Energy and Commerce of the House of Rep-resentatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, andTransportation of the Senate; and(2) the term ‘‘Commission’’ means the Consumer ProductSafety Commission.(b) C ONSUMER P RODUCT S AFETY A CT.—Except as otherwiseexpressly provided, whenever in this Act an amendment isexpressed as an amendment to a section or other provision, thereference shall be considered to be made to a section or otherprovision of the Consumer Product Safety Act (15 U.S.C. 2051et seq.).SEC. 3. AUTHORITY TO ISSUE IMPLEMENTING REGULATIONS.The Commission may issue regulations, as necessary, to imple-ment this Act and the amendments made by this Act.TITLE I—CHILDREN’S PRODUCT SAFETYSEC. 101. CHILDREN’S P RODUCTS CONTAINING LEAD; LEAD P AINTRULE.(a) G ENERAL L EAD B AN.—(1) T REATMENT AS A BANNED HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE.—Except as expressly provided in subsection (b) beginning onthe dates provided in paragraph (2), any children’s product(as defined in section 3(a)(16) of the Consumer Product SafetyAct (15 U.S.C. 2052(a)(16))) that contains more lead than thelimit established by paragraph (2) shall be treated as a bannedhazardous substance under the Federal Hazardous SubstancesAct (15 U.S.C. 1261 et seq.).(2) L EAD LIMIT.—(A) 600 PARTS PER MILLION.—Except as provided in subparagraphs (B), (C), (D), and (E), beginning 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the lead limit referred to in paragraph (1) is 600 parts per million total lead content by weight for any part of the product.(B) 300 PARTS PER MILLION.—Except as provided by subparagraphs (C), (D), and (E), beginning on the date Effective dates.15 USC 1278a.15 USC 2051 note.15 USC 2051 note.122 STAT. 3018 PUBLIC LAW 110–314—AUG. 14, 2008that is 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act,the lead limit referred to in paragraph (1) is 300 partsper million total lead content by weight for any part ofthe product.(C) 100 PARTS PER MILLION.—Except as provided in Applicability.subparagraphs (D) and (E), beginning on the date thatis 3 years after the date of enactment of this Act, subpara-graph (B) shall be applied by substituting ‘‘100 parts permillion’’ for ‘‘300 parts per million’’ unless the Commissiondetermines that a limit of 100 parts per million is nottechnologically feasible for a product or product category.The Commission may make such a determination onlyafter notice and a hearing and after analyzing the publichealth protections associated with substantially reducinglead in children’s products.(D) A LTERNATE REDUCTION OF LIMIT.—If the Commis-sion determines under subparagraph (C) that the 100 partsper million limit is not technologically feasible for a productor product category, the Commission shall, by regulation,establish an amount that is the lowest amount of lead,lower than 300 parts per million, the Commission deter-mines to be technologically feasible to achieve for thatproduct or product category. The amount of lead establishedby the Commission under the preceding sentence shallbe substituted for the 300 parts per million limit undersubparagraph (B) beginning on the date that is 3 yearsafter the date of enactment of this Act.(E) P ERIODIC REVIEW AND FURTHER REDUCTIONS.—TheCommission shall, based on the best available scientificand technical information, periodically review and revisedownward the limit set forth in this subsection, no lessfrequently than every 5 years after promulgation of thelimit under subparagraph (C) or (D) to require the lowestamount of lead that the Commission determines is techno-logically feasible to achieve. The amount of lead establishedby the Commission under the preceding sentence shallbe substituted for the lead limit in effect immediately beforesuch revision.(b) E XCLUSION OF C ERTAIN M ATERIALS OR P RODUCTS ANDI NACCESSIBLE C OMPONENT P ARTS.—(1) C ERTAIN PRODUCTS OR MATERIALS.—The Commissionmay, by regulation, exclude a specific product or material fromthe prohibition in subsection (a) if the Commission, after noticeand a hearing, determines on the basis of the best-available,objective, peer-reviewed, scientific evidence that lead in suchproduct or material will neither—(A) result in the absorption of any lead into the humanbody, taking into account normal and reasonably foresee-able use and abuse of such product by a child, includingswallowing, mouthing, breaking, or other children’s activi-ties, and the aging of the product; nor(B) have any other adverse impact on public healthor safety.(2) E XCEPTION FOR INACCESSIBLE COMPONENT PARTS.—(A) I N GENERAL.—The limits established under sub-section (a) shall not apply to any component part of achildren’s product that is not accessible to a child through122 STAT. 3019 PUBLIC LAW 110–314—AUG. 14, 2008normal and reasonably foreseeable use and abuse of suchproduct, as determined by the Commission. A componentpart is not accessible under this subparagraph if suchcomponent part is not physically exposed by reason ofa sealed covering or casing and does not become physicallyexposed through reasonably foreseeable use and abuse ofthe product. Reasonably foreseeable use and abuse shallinclude to, swallowing, mouthing, breaking, or other chil-dren’s activities, and the aging of the product.(B) I NACCESSIBILITY PROCEEDING.—Within 1 year afterthe date of enactment of this Act, the Commission shallpromulgate a rule providing guidance with respect to whatproduct components, or classes of components, will beconsidered to be inaccessible for purposes of subparagraph(A).(C) A PPLICATION PENDING CPSC GUIDANCE.—Until theCommission promulgates a rule pursuant to subparagraph(B), the determination of whether a product componentis inaccessible to a child shall be made in accordance withthe requirements laid out in subparagraph (A) for consid-ering a component to be inaccessible to a child.(3) C ERTAIN BARRIERS DISQUALIFIED.—For purposes of thissubsection, paint, coatings, or electroplating may not be consid-ered to be a barrier that would render lead in the substrateinaccessible to a child, or to prevent absorption of any leadinto the human body, through normal and reasonably foresee-able use and abuse of the product.(4) C ERTAIN ELECTRONIC DEVICES.—If the Commissiondetermines that it is not technologically feasible for certainelectronic devices, including devices containing batteries, tocomply with subsection (a), the Commission, by regulation,shall—(A) issue requirements to eliminate or minimize thepotential for exposure to and accessibility of lead in suchelectronic devices, which may include requirements thatsuch electronic devices be equipped with a child-resistantcover or casing that prevents exposure to and accessibilityof the parts of the product containing lead; and(B) establish a schedule by which such electronicdevices shall be in full compliance with the limits in sub-section (a), unless the Commission determines that fullcompliance will not be technologically feasible for suchdevices within a schedule set by the Commission.(5) P ERIODIC REVIEW.—The Commission shall, based onthe best available scientific and technical information, periodi-cally review and revise the regulations promulgated pursuant to this subsection no less frequently than every 5 years after the first promulgation of a regulation under this subsection to make them more stringent and to require the lowest amount of lead the Commission determines is technologically feasible to achieve.(c) A PPLICATION W ITH ASTM F963.—To the extent that any regulation promulgated by the Commission under this section (or any section of the Consumer Product Safety Act or any other Act enforced by the Commission, as such Acts are affected by this section) is inconsistent with the ASTM F963 standard, such Deadline. Requirements. Deadline.122 STAT. 3020 PUBLIC LAW 110–314—AUG. 14, 2008 promulgated regulation shall supersede the ASTM F963 standard to the extent of the inconsistency. (d) T ECHNOLOGICAL F EASIBILITY D EFINED .—For purposes of this section, a limit shall be deemed technologically feasible with regard to a product or product category if— (1) a product that complies with the limit is commercially available in the product category; (2) technology to comply with the limit is commercially available to manufacturers or is otherwise available within the common meaning of the term; (3) industrial strategies or devices have been developed that are capable or will be capable of achieving such a limit by the effective date of the limit and that companies, acting in good faith, are generally capable of adopting; or (4) alternative practices, best practices, or other operational changes would allow the manufacturer to comply with the limit. (e) P ENDING R ULEMAKING P ROCEEDINGS T O H AVE N O E FFECT .— The pendency of a rulemaking proceeding to consider— (1) a delay in the effective date of a limit or an alternate limit under this section related to technological feasibility, (2) an exception for certain products or materials or inacces-sibility guidance under subsection (b) of this section, or (3) any other request for modification of or exemption from any regulation, rule, standard, or ban under this Act or any other Act enforced by the Commission, shall not delay the effect of any provision or limit under this section nor shall it stay general enforcement of the requirements of this section. (f) M ORE S TRINGENT L EAD P AINT B AN .— (1) I N GENERAL .—Effective on the date that is 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the Commission shall modify section 1303.1 of its regulations (16 C.F.R. 1301.1) by sub-stituting ‘‘0.009 percent’’ for ‘‘0.06 percent’’ in subsection (a) of that section. (2) P ERIODIC REVIEW AND REDUCTION .—The Commissionshall, no less frequently than every 5 years after the date on which the Commission modifies the regulations pursuant to paragraph (1), review the limit for lead in paint set forth in section 1303.1 of title 16, Code of Federal Regulations (as revised by paragraph (1)), and shall by regulation revise down-ward the limit to require the lowest amount of lead that the Commission determines is technologically feasible to achieve. (3) M ETHODS FOR SCREENING LEAD IN SMALL PAINTED AREAS .—In order to provide for effective and efficient enforce-ment of the limit set forth in section 1303.1 of title 16, Code of Federal Regulations, the Commission may rely on x-ray fluorescence technology or other alternative methods for meas-uring lead in paint or other surface coatings on products subject to such section where the total weight of such paint or surface coating is no greater than 10 milligrams or where such paint or surface coating covers no more than 1 square centimeter of the surface area of such products. Such alternative methods for measurement shall not permit more than 2 micrograms of lead in a total weight of 10 milligrams or less of paint or other surface coating or in a surface area of 1 square centi-meter or less.Deadline. Effective date.122 STAT. 3021 PUBLIC LAW 110–314—AUG. 14, 2008(4) A LTERNATIVE METHODS OF MEASURING LEAD IN PAINT GENERALLY.—(A) S TUDY.—Not later than 1 year after the date ofenactment of this Act, the Commission shall complete astudy to evaluate the effectiveness, precision, and reliabilityof x-ray fluorescence technology and other alternativemethods for measuring lead in paint or other surfacecoatings when used on a children’s product or furniturearticle in order to determine compliance with part 1303of title 16, Code of Federal Regulations, as modified pursu-ant to this subsection.(B) R ULEMAKING.—If the Commission determines,based on the study in subparagraph (A), that x-ray fluores-cence technology or other alternative methods for meas-uring lead in paint are as effective, precise, and reliableas the methodology used by the Commission for compliancedeterminations prior to the date of enactment of this Act,the Commission may promulgate regulations governing theuse of such methods in determining the compliance ofproducts with part 1303 of title 16, Code of Federal Regula-tions, as modified pursuant to this subsection. Any regula-tions promulgated by the Commission shall ensure thatsuch alternative methods are no less effective, precise, andreliable than the methodology used by the Commissionprior to the date of enactment of this Act.(5) P ERIODIC REVIEW.—The Commission shall, no less fre-quently than every 5 years after the Commission completes the study required by paragraph (4)(A), review and revise any methods for measurement utilized by the Commission pursuant to paragraph (3) or pursuant to any regulations promulgated under paragraph (4) to ensure that such methods are the most effective methods available to protect children’s health. The Commission shall conduct an ongoing effort to study and encourage the further development of alternative methods for measuring lead in paint and other surface coating that can effectively, precisely, and reliably detect lead levels at or below the level set forth in part 1303 of title 16, Code of Federal Regulations, or any lower level established by regulation.(6) N O EFFECT ON LEGAL LIMIT.—Nothing in paragraph(3), nor reliance by the Commission on any alternative methodof measurement pursuant to such paragraph, nor any rule prescribed pursuant to paragraph (4), nor any method estab-lished pursuant to paragraph (5) shall be construed to alter the limit set forth in section 1303 of title 16, Code of Federal Regulations, as modified pursuant to this subsection, or provide any exemption from such limit.(7) C ONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in this subsection shall beconstrued to affect the authority of the Commission or any other person to use alternative methods for detecting lead asa screening method to determine whether further testing oraction is needed.(g) T REATMENT AS A R EGULATION U NDER THE FHSA.—Any ban imposed by subsection (a) or rule promulgated under subsection (a) or (b) of this section, and section 1303.1 of title 16, Code of Federal Regulations (as modified pursuant to subsection (f)(1) or (2)), or any successor regulation, shall be considered a regulation of the Commission promulgated under or for the enforcement of Deadline. Deadline.122 STAT. 3022 PUBLIC LAW 110–314—AUG. 14, 2008 section 2(q) of the Federal Hazardous Substances Act (15 U.S.C. 1261(q)). SEC. 102. MANDATORY THIRD P ARTY TESTING FOR CERTAIN CHIL-DREN’S PRODUCTS. (a) M ANDATORY AND T HIRD P ARTY T ESTING .— (1) G ENERAL CONFORMITY CERTIFICATION .— (A) A MENDMENT .—Paragraph (1) of section 14(a) (15 U.S.C. 2063(a)) is amended to read as follows: ‘‘(1) G ENERAL CONFORMITY CERTIFICATION .—Except as pro-vided in paragraphs (2) and (3), every manufacturer of a product which is subject to a consumer product safety rule under this Act or similar rule, ban, standard, or regulation under any other Act enforced by the Commission and which is imported for consumption or warehousing or distributed in commerce (and the private labeler of such product if such product bears a private label) shall issue a certificate which— ‘‘(A) shall certify, based on a test of each product or upon a reasonable testing program, that such product com-plies with all rules, bans, standards, or regulations applicable to the product under this Act or any other Act enforced by the Commission; and ‘‘(B) shall specify each such rule, ban, standard, or regulation applicable to the product.’’. (B) E FFECTIVE DATE .—The amendment made by subparagraph (A) shall take effect 90 days after the date of enactment of this Act. (2) T HIRD PARTY TESTING REQUIREMENT .—Section 14(2) (15 U.S.C. 2063(2)) is further amended by redesignating paragraph (2) as paragraph (4) and inserting after paragraph (1) the following: ‘‘(2) T HIRD PARTY TESTING REQUIREMENT .—Effective on the dates provided in paragraph (3), before importing for consump-tion or warehousing or distributing in commerce any children’s product that is subject to a children’s product safety rule, every manufacturer of such children’s product (and the private labeler of such children’s product if such children’s product bears a private label) shall— ‘‘(A) submit sufficient samples of the children’s product, or samples that are identical in all material respects to the product, to a third party conformity assessment body accredited under paragraph (3) to be tested for compliance with such children’s product safety rule; and ‘‘(B) based on such testing, issue a certificate that certifies that such children’s product complies with the children’s product safety rule based on the assessment of a third party conformity assessment body accredited to conduct such tests. A manufacturer or private labeler shall issue either a separate certificate for each children’s product safety rule applicable to a product or a combined certificate that certifies compliance with all applicable children’s product safety rules, in which case each such rule shall be specified. ‘‘(3) S CHEDULE FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF THIRD PARTY TESTING .— ‘‘(A) G ENERAL APPLICATION .—Except as provided under subparagraph (F), the requirements of paragraph (2) shallNotice. Certification.15 USC 2063 note.122 STAT. 3023 PUBLIC LAW 110–314—AUG. 14, 2008apply to any children’s product manufactured more than90 days after the Commission has established and pub-lished notice of the requirements for accreditation of thirdparty conformity assessment bodies to assess conformitywith a children’s product safety rule to which such chil-dren’s product is subject.‘‘(B) T IME LINE FOR ACCREDITATION.—‘‘(i) L EAD PAINT.—Not later than 30 days after the date of enactment of the Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act of 2008, the Commission shall pub-lish notice of the requirements for accreditation of third party conformity assessment bodies to assess con-formity with part 1303 of title 16, Code of Federal Regulations.‘‘(ii) F ULL-SIZE CRIBS; NON FULL-SIZE CRIBS; PAC-IFIERS.—Not later than 60 days after the date of enact-ment of the Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act of 2008, the Commission shall publish notice of the requirements for accreditation of third party con-formity assessment bodies to assess conformity with parts 1508, 1509, and 1511 of such title.‘‘(iii) S MALL PARTS.—Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of the Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act of 2008, the Commission shall pub-lish notice of the requirements for accreditation of third party conformity assessment bodies to assess con-formity with part 1501 of such title.‘‘(iv) C HILDREN’S METAL JEWELRY.—Not later than 120 days after the date of enactment of the Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act of 2008, the Commis-sion shall publish notice of the requirements for accreditation of third party conformity assessment bodies to assess conformity with the requirements of section 101(a)(2) of such Act with respect to children’s metal jewelry.‘‘(v) B ABY BOUNCERS, WALKERS, AND JUMPERS.— Not later than 210 days after the date of enactment of the Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act of 2008, the Commission shall publish notice of the requirements for accreditation of third party con-formity assessment bodies to assess conformity with parts 1500.18(a)(6) and 1500.86(a) of such title.‘‘(vi) A LL OTHER CHILDREN’S PRODUCT SAFETY RULES.—The Commission shall publish notice of the requirements for accreditation of third party con-formity assessment bodies to assess conformity with other children’s product safety rules at the earliest practicable date, but in no case later than 10 months after the date of enactment of the Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act of 2008, or, in the case of children’s product safety rules established or revised1 year or more after such date of enactment, not laterthan 90 days before such rules or revisions take effect.‘‘(C) A CCREDITATION.—Accreditation of third party con-formity assessment bodies pursuant to the requirements established under subparagraph (B) may be conducted Deadlines. Notices.122 STAT. 3024 PUBLIC LAW 110–314—AUG. 14, 2008 either by the Commission or by an independent accredita-tion organization designated by the Commission. ‘‘(D) P ERIODIC REVIEW .—The Commission shall periodi-cally review and revise the accreditation requirements established under subparagraph (B) to ensure that the requirements assure the highest conformity assessment body quality that is feasible. ‘‘(E) P UBLICATION OF ACCREDITED ENTITIES .—The Commission shall maintain on its Internet website an up- to-date list of entities that have been accredited to assess conformity with children’s product safety rules in accord-ance with the requirements published by the Commission under this paragraph. ‘‘(F) E XTENSION .—If the Commission determines that an insufficient number of third party conformity assess-ment bodies have been accredited to permit certification for a children’s product safety rule under the accelerated schedule required by this paragraph, the Commission may extend the deadline for certification to such rule by not more than 60 days. ‘‘(G) R ULEMAKING .—Until the date that is 3 years after the Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act of 2008, Commission proceedings under this paragraph shall be exempt from the requirements of sections 553 and 601 through 612 of title 5, United States Code.’’. (3) C ONFORMING AMENDMENTS .—Section 14(a)(4) (15 U.S.C. 2063(a)(4)), as redesignated by paragraph (2) of this subsection, is amended— (A) by striking ‘‘required by paragraph (1) of this sub-section’’ and inserting ‘‘required under paragraph (1), (2), or (3)’’; and (B) by striking ‘‘requirement under paragraph (1)’’ and inserting ‘‘requirement under paragraph (1), (2), or (3)’’. (b) A DDITIONAL R EQUIREMENTS ; D EFINITIONS .—Section 14 (15 U.S.C. 2063) is further amended by adding at the end the following: ‘‘(d) A DDITIONAL R EGULATIONS FOR T HIRD P ARTY T ESTING .— ‘‘(1) A UDIT .—Not later than 10 months after the date of enactment of the Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act of 2008, the Commission shall by regulation establish require-ments for the periodic audit of third party conformity assess-ment bodies as a condition for the continuing accreditation of such conformity assessment bodies under subsection (a)(3)(C). ‘‘(2) C OMPLIANCE ; CONTINUING TESTING .—Not later than 15 months after the date of enactment of the Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act of 2008, the Commission shall by regulation— ‘‘(A) initiate a program by which a manufacturer or private labeler may label a consumer product as complying with the certification requirements of subsection (a); and ‘‘(B) establish protocols and standards— ‘‘(i) for ensuring that a children’s product tested for compliance with an applicable children’s product safety rule is subject to testing periodically and when there has been a material change in the product’s design or manufacturing process, including the sourcing of component parts;Protocols. Standards. Deadlines.Termination date.Web site. Records.PUBLIC LAW 110–314—AUG. 14, 2008122 STAT. 3025‘‘(ii) for the testing of random samples to ensurecontinued compliance;‘‘(iii) for verifying that a children’s product testedby a conformity assessment body complies withapplicable children’s product safety rules; and‘‘(iv) for safeguarding against the exercise of undueinfluence on a third party conformity assessment bodyby a manufacturer or private labeler.‘‘(e) W ITHDRAWAL OF A CCREDITATION.—‘‘(1) I N GENERAL.—The Commission may withdraw itsaccreditation or its acceptance of the accreditation of a thirdparty conformity assessment body accredited under this sectionif the Commission finds, after notice and investigation, that—‘‘(A) a manufacturer, private labeler, or governmental entity has exerted undue influence on such conformityassessment body or otherwise interfered with or com-promised the integrity of the testing process with respectto the certification of a children’s product under this sec-tion; or‘‘(B) such conformity assessment body failed to comply with an applicable protocol, standard, or requirement estab-lished by the Commission under subsection (d).‘‘(2) P ROCEDURE.—In any proceeding to withdraw the accreditation of a conformity assessment body, the Commis-sion—‘‘(A) shall consider the gravity of the conformity assess-ment body’s action or failure to act, including—‘‘(i) whether the action or failure to act resultedin injury, death, or the risk of injury or death;‘‘(ii) whether the action or failure to act constitutesan isolated incident or represents a pattern or practice;and‘‘(iii) whether and when the conformity assessmentbody initiated remedial action; and‘‘(B) may—‘‘(i) withdraw its acceptance of the accreditationof the conformity assessment body on a permanentor temporary basis; and‘‘(ii) establish requirements for reaccreditation ofthe conformity assessment body.‘‘(3) F AILURE TO COOPERATE.—The Commission may sus-pend the accreditation of a conformity assessment body if itfails to cooperate with the Commission in an investigationunder this section.‘‘(f) D EFINITIONS.—In this section:‘‘(1) C HILDREN’S PRODUCT SAFETY RULE.—The term ‘chil-dren’s product safety rule’ means a consumer product safetyrule under this Act or similar rule, regulation, standard, orban under any other Act enforced by the Commission, includinga rule declaring a consumer product to be a banned hazardousproduct or substance.‘‘(2) T HIRD PARTY CONFORMITY ASSESSMENT BODY.—‘‘(A) I N GENERAL.—The term ‘third party conformity assessment body’ means a conformity assessment bodythat, except as provided in subparagraph (D), is not owned,managed, or controlled by the manufacturer or private。

解读美国《2008消费品安全改进法案》中国质量新闻网2008年11月20日消息（《中国检验检疫》诸乃彤王媛周磊）近年来，国外对我国贸易进行限制的手段和规则日趋严厉。

世界发达国家正积极采取更加严厉的技术壁垒即绿色非关税贸易壁垒手法对我国产品实施打压，且有扩大之势，在生态环保等方面提出苛刻的要求。

在2007年发生了大批产品召回后，美国政府对消费产品施加更加严格的安全管理法规。

2008年8月14日美国总统布什签署了《2008消费品安全改进法案》。

这个让我国关注近一年之久、将对我出口消费品产生重大影响的法案终于尘埃落定。

此次出台的改进法案主要针对儿童产品，设定了新的安全标准和更加严格的监管措施，再次体现了美国是“儿童的天堂”。

美国消费品安全委员会（CPSC）成立于1972年，它的责任是保护广大消费者的利益，通过减少消费品存在的伤害及死亡的危险来维护人身及家庭安全。

CPSC的主要功能表现为：制定生产者自律标准，对于那些没有标准可依的消费品，制定强制性标准或禁令；对具有潜在危险的产品执行检查，通过各种渠道包括媒体、州、当地政府、个人团体组织等将意见反馈给消费者。

CPSC现在负责对超过15000种用于家庭、体育、娱乐及学校的消费品的安全监控。

CPSA是《消费产品安全法案》的简称，这个法案于1972年颁布，它是CPSC 的保护条例。

它建立了代理机构，阐释了它的基本权力，并规定当CPSC发现了任何与消费产品有关的能够带来伤害过分危险时，制定能够减轻或消除这种危险的标准。

它还允许CPSC在其管辖范围内对有缺陷产品发布召回。

美国总统布什刚刚签署的《2008消费品安全改进法案》将进一步授权加强消费品特别是儿童产品的安全管理。

该法案从提出到最终签署，经历了多次修订和审议。

此次签署生效后，意义深远、影响巨大。

该法案授权给CPSC，并扩展该委员会职责，以确保消费产品的安全性，特别是为儿童设计的产品。

该法案的新条款用于强制要求制造商制造出更加安全的儿童玩具和其他产品，对违法者加重处罚，并且当制裁此法案保护权益的破坏者时，给予了CPSC更大的权利，以强化此法案的执行力。

《消费品安全改进法案》概要第101条. 含铅儿童产品；含铅油漆法规 第102条. 对某些儿童产品实行强制性第三方测试 第103条. 儿童产品的追踪标识第104条. 耐用型育婴产品的标准与消费者注册 第105条. 玩具和游戏机广告的标识要求第213条：禁止储存美国消费品安全委员会规范范围内的产品 第215条. 检查私营实验室；确认供应链 第232条. 关于全地形越野车的标准CPSC相关规定请以英文原文为准to ci q .g ov .cn第101条. 含铅儿童产品；含铅油漆法规基本综述:消费品安全改进法案》降低儿童产品中所允许的含铅量. 第101条对儿童产品的含铅量和这类产品使用的油漆的含铅量作了新的限制规定. 含铅量限制规定对儿童产品中含铅量的限制将在三年之内逐步完成。

自2009年二月十日起, 为12岁或更年幼的儿童设计的产品的含铅量不得超过600 ppm (百万分率)体积浓度值。

自2009年二月十日起, 含铅量超过600 ppm (百万分率)体积浓度值的儿童产品在美国被禁止, 销售这些产品会带来严重的民事和刑事责任。

本法规规定, 油漆, 涂层或电镀无法阻止儿童接触产品中所含的铅。

在法案制定一年之后, 或者自2009年八月十四日起, 为12岁或更年幼的儿童设计的产品的含铅量不得超过300 ppm (百万分率)体积浓度值。

三年后, 或者自2011年八月十四日起, 这一限制将降低到100 ppm (百万分率)体积浓度值, 除非委员会认定这一更低限制的规定技术上不可行。

某些儿童产品如果其含铅组成部分使用者接触不到, 则可以被豁免或不受新的含铅量限制规定的制约。

委员会将在一年内制定指导法规, 阐述产品的那些组成部分是使用者接触不到的。

本委员会还将评估某些电子装置，包括含电池的装置，是否必须符合含铅量限制规定。

对含铅油漆的限制此外, 在一年之后, 或者自2009年八月十四日起, 法案规定供消费者使用的油漆和其他表层涂料中的含铅量必须从600 ppm (百万分率)体积浓度值降低到90 ppm (百万分率)体积浓度值。

CPSIA标准简介CPSIA（Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act）是指美国的《消费品安全改进法案》，该法案旨在保护消费者免受不安全产品的伤害。

CPSIA不仅适用于美国境内的产品制造商和供应商，也适用于进口到美国的产品。

该法案于2008年通过，并于2008年8月14日起生效。

该标准主要由两部分组成：关于产品检测和认证的规定和关于产品标签和警告的规定。

产品检测和认证根据CPSIA标准，产品测试和认证是确保产品符合安全要求的重要环节。

根据该法案，制造商必须确保其产品符合相关的安全标准，并进行不断的测试来确保产品的安全性。

第三方测试实验室CPSIA规定，制造商必须将其产品送往经过认可的第三方实验室进行测试。

第三方实验室将对产品进行各种安全性测试，以确保其符合相关的安全标准。

这些测试涵盖了各个方面，如化学成分、机械性能、电气安全等。

认证标志通过测试并符合安全标准的产品，可以获得CPSIA认证。

认证标志是一个表示该产品符合CPSIA标准的标志，制造商可以将其标明在产品上，以向消费者传递产品的安全性。

产品标签和警告除了产品的测试和认证，CPSIA还要求制造商在产品上标明必要的标签和警告信息，以提醒消费者使用产品时的注意事项。

年龄相关标志根据CPSIA的规定，适用于12岁以下儿童的产品必须在其包装上标明适用年龄范围。

这样可以帮助消费者选择合适年龄段的产品，减少不适用年龄段的儿童使用不合适的产品而引发的安全风险。

警告标签一些产品可能会存在一定的安全风险，制造商必须标明警告标签来提醒消费者。

这些警告标签可能包括但不限于：窒息危险、电气危险、化学品危险等。

警告标签应清晰明了，能够明确传递给消费者相关的安全风险信息。

CPSIA的重要性CPSIA标准的实施对于产品制造商和供应商来说非常重要，它有以下几个方面的重要性：保护消费者CPSIA标准的制定目的是为了保护消费者免受不安全产品的伤害。

美国消费品安全改进法案引言消费品安全一直是保护消费者权益的关键问题之一。

在过去几十年中，许多国家都通过了消费品安全相关法律，以保障消费者的利益。

而美国作为全球最大的经济体和消费市场，对消费品安全问题的关注程度更是举足轻重。

为此，美国政府通过了一系列消费品安全改进法案，旨在提高消费者对产品质量和安全的信心，减少因消费品导致的伤害和事故。

1. 法案背景消费品安全改进法案是美国政府为保障公众安全而制定的法律法规。

该法案的出台背景可以追溯到上世纪80年代，当时美国出现了一系列因消费品缺陷导致的事故和伤害事件，引发了公众对消费品质量和安全的担忧。

为了应对这一情况，美国政府开始制定和执行一系列消费品安全法律，以确保消费者权益得到充分保护。

2. 主要内容消费品安全改进法案主要包括以下几个方面的内容：2.1 产品标准和测试要求该法案要求消费品必须符合一定的标准和质量要求，以确保其安全性和品质。

各类消费品都需要经过严格的测试和认证，以确保其符合相关的质量和安全标准。

此外，还建立了产品召回制度，一旦发现某个消费品存在安全隐患，相关部门将立即启动召回程序，确保受到影响的消费者及时得到补偿和保护。

2.2 加强市场监管为了加强对消费品市场的监管，该法案增加了对消费品生产、销售和广告宣传等环节的监管力度。

相关部门将加大对消费品市场的巡查和检查力度，对存在问题的企业进行严肃处理。

2.3 加强消费者权益保护该法案还增加了对消费者权益的保护措施。

一方面，加强了对虚假和误导性广告宣传的打击力度，提升消费者的知情权和选择权。

另一方面，建立了消费者申诉和投诉处理机制，让消费者能够便捷地申诉和维权。

2.4 提高生产者责任意识为了促使生产者更加重视产品质量和安全，该法案加大了对生产者的监管和追责力度。

一方面，加强了对生产者的监督检查，确保其生产的产品符合相关标准和质量要求。

另一方面，对违反消费品安全相关法律的企业进行严厉处罚，以起到威慑作用。