2011gct英语词汇导入班讲义

GCT英语核心词汇解析(四) 121．gross totalExclusive of deductions; total:总的不从中扣除的；总的：gross profits.毛利See: wholeUnmitigated in any way; utter:十足的在各方面都很完全的；纯粹的：gross imcompetence.十足的无能Glaringly obvious; flagrant:公然的十分明显的；罪恶昭著的：gross injustice.公然的非正义行为Broad; general:大致的，总括的：the gross outlines of a plan.一项计划的大概的要点gross总的；全部的gross domestic product (GDP)国内生产总值122．guidevt领路；带领They guided us to the office. 他们带领我们到了办公室。

领导；引导；指导影响；支配；操纵Be guided by your feeling. 按你的感觉行事。

n向导；导游；指南；指导a Guide to English Grammar英语语法指南旅游指南(= guide book)a shopper's guide.购物指南说明书guide, conduct, lead, steer作为动词在一起比较的一般含义是“领”、“导”或“引”。

guide(抽象名词guidance，具体名词guide“向导”)是通用词，可以用于“为别人带路”、“指导别人的学习、品行修养”，它的内涵是避免走弯路或遇到危险Thousands of lanterns slowly drift out to sea guiding the dead on their return journery to the other world.数千只灯笼慢慢向大海漂去，给死人返回阴间指明道路。

guided me to my seat; 带我到我的座位上去；He is now studying under the guidance of Professor Green.他现在正在格林教授的指导下学习。

2011G C T英语讲义蒋老师002太奇GCT联考辅导英语讲义【内部资料】编讲：蒋军虎网址： 创造21世纪中国GCT辉煌第一部分语法结构1.时态4.The house ready today but as there has been a builders’ strike it is still only half7. As luck would have it, my English teacher happened to America when an8. The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, and perfected now.A. developedB. have developedC. are being developedD. will have beendeveloped10. Great as Newton was, many of his ideas today and are being modified by the2.虚拟语气5. What do you think of Tom’s proposal that we put on the play at tonight’s English7. These is a real possibility that these animals could be frightened, a sudden loud8. For my own part, the main requirement of an international language is that it easily9. At the last committee meeting, the motion that the club open until midnight was12. Patients with influenza must be separated from the residential quarter the disease13. I wish that you such a bad headache because I’m sure that you would have15. The final recommendation was that the employee on probation a special night17. It is politely requested by the hotel management that radios after 11 o’clock at18. Jane doesn’t want to work right away because she thinks that if she a job she20. Total care means that the ill adult requires a complete bed bath, occupied bed making,and that all procedures, such as change of dressings and placement of intravenous3. 独立主格结构2. The article opens and closes with descriptions of two new reports, each one major6. With production up steadily, the factory needs an ever-increasing supply of7. , a man who expresses himself effectively is sure to succeed more rapidly than a man whose command of language is poor.4.强调结构和强调句式2. All science students, , should have a good foundation in basic sciences.A.whether they are future physicists and chemistsB.they are future physicists or chemistsC.they should be future physicists or chemistsD.be they future physicists or chemists3. Adam Smith’s The wealth of Nations that Jim Green became fascinated by the5.It was not until she had arrived home she remembered her appointment with the5. 非谓语形式3.The Women’s Volleyball Team acknowledged in the World Championship4. The girl tried many times to sneak across the border to a neighboring country, each5. Booker T. Washington, acclaimed as a leading educator at the turn of the century,6. The International Law of the Sea Conference is an attempt major differences8. mainly for the invention of the telephone, Alexander Graham Bell devoted his life13. There are not very much experimental data to make a decision between the two15. A foreign language in serving the people, we should do our best to have a good22. The pressure causes American to be energetic, but it also puts them under a25. The economy at the turn of the century was due in large part to the influx of27. On the bus I saw a strange – looking man who wore an ill – fitting coat and sat in29. There is nothing to do but for his coming back.30. Since you changed lanes without signaling, you are as much for the accident as we6.倒装句1. the 18th century did man realize that the whole that the whole of the brain was3. would the captain of the vessel allow the passengers to remain on deck during the7. 反意疑问句2. It is the first time that Princess of Wales has been to the United states, ?3. You seem to be dissatisfied with your present post. I don’t think you judged your4. People cannot but feel ,for they simply cannot understand how he could have made8. 连词1. Most electronic devices of this kind, manufactured for such purposes, are tightly2. He great grandfather was among the first to settle in is now the famous mountain4. astrology and alchemy may be regarded as fundamental aspects of thought is5. The very essence of civil liberty consists in the right of every individual to claim the7. Across the river there is a small village, cannot be reached except by a very long8. through choice or obedience I don’t know, but he certainly did all the work very10. In a sense, tennis and shadowboxing are similar they both require your full attention and take your mind off daily problems and preoccupations.11. I felt somewhat disappointed and was about to leave something occurred that12. TV’s influence should be measured not only in terms of immediate change in14. Organisms regulate their movements positions in response to environmental20. The code that the computer understood was normally put onto cards or paper tape,21. simple machines do not meet the dictionary definition that a machine must have22. His thesis, the last hundred pages are absolutely nonsense, will probably win him24. It is common knowledge just for the purpose of blinding you to the truth.A.there are people who do nothing but talk.B.That there are people who do nothing but to talk.C.There are people who do nothing but to talkD.That there are people who do nothing but talk.27. One cannot be really happy if he enjoys doing is regarded by society to be of my28. I have kept that portrait I can see it every day, as it always reminds me of my29. Cars, radios, clothes, cigarettes and refrigerators are consumers goods, machines30. Harness racing which was popular in the ancient Olympic Games is different from33. The archaeologist knew, he saw it, that he had found the actual place where the35. is often the case with a new idea, much preliminary activity and optimistic36. Anthony ,Jason, Louis succeeded in the experiment, was a friend of mine.37. Criticism and self – criticism is necessary it helps us to find and correct our mistakes.38. “Peter says that we should have asked the union leaders for help.” “But I am not sure39. This is an ideal site for the factory it is close to the sources of supply of the raw41. the human body can overcome the lack of vital oxygen, it will sicken and die in42. When a man has done something in his life he is not proud of , he is said to have a44. In selection a material, the engineer’s interest is in its properties which determine how9. 情态动词5. Mary’s score on the test is the highest in her class; she have studied very hard.10. 指代词1.Even if they are on sale, these refrigerators are equal in price to , if not more expensive than,2. Williamsbury has now been restored so that it looks as it during the eighteenth3. We haven’t found any evidence so far to show that the new vehicles w ill pollute the5. Although the art of sand painting originated with neighboring Pueblo Indians, the6. Law requires that a husband have to pay the debts of his wife until formal notice is11. 形容词和副词1. Any preexisting illness, even the common cold, increases the chances of6. A body weighs from the surface of the Earth.8. This new disease can be called “future shock, ” and knowledge of its sources and12. We cannot be careful in performing the experiment as it is such a critical link in12. 固定搭配5. “The Film Festival is drawing near. ” “Next week, .”13. 并列成分2. Research into the dynamics of storms is directed toward improving the ability to4. Bricks are made from clay that is processed into a workable consistency, to6. He wants the good opinion of his fellow workers, trying to show that he is really a7. In the future, the discovery which will most change the lives of people, most affect the14. 主谓单复数15. 同位语短语和从句1. John Aaron Lewis pioneered in the development of “third stream music, ” a blend16. 介词（短语）1. In the United States, Thanksgiving, its religious association, often has a distinctly2. history the making of fine books has been an art requiring much skill and4. advent of the First World war, the United States because the dominant force in the第二部分 Vocabulary and Structure1. The news currency will get into _______ soon.A. circuitB. circulationC. circularD. circle2. Shortage of capital is the main factor that _______ economic development.A. holds outB. holds on toC. holds backD. holds on3. The captain of the ship _______ the passengers that there was no danger.A. assuredB. ensuredC. securedD. insured4. Many old people in the cities find themselves unable to get used to the rapid _______ of city life.A. rateB. speedC. stepD. pace5. The first Olympiad is said to have consisted ___of a 200-yard foot race near the small city of Olympia.A. nearlyB. completelyC. merelyD. identically6. The issue _______ at the conference is very important and it will create a sensation nationwide.A. discussedB. being discussedC. is being discussedD. has been discussed7. The extensive survey suggested that their assumptions _______ totally wrong.A. wereB. beC. wasD. would be8. Undoubtedly, _______ wins the election is going to have a tough job getting theeconomy back on its feet.A. anyoneB. whoC. whoeverD. everyone9. If they had sent a check to the telephone company last week, their telephone____ out of service at this moment.A. will not beB. will not have beenC. would not beD. would not have been10. Millions of Americans flock to their drugstores to buy vitamins and minerals, that these pills can help prevent serious illnesses.A. convincingB. convincedC. to convinceD. to be convinced11. The bird flew upward and dropped the shellfish onto the rock to ___ it open.A. cutB. pressC. breakD. shake12. People who walk on the grass are ___ to a fine of $5.A. possibleB. likelyC. liableD. reliable13. People do not always recall events as they ___ actually.A. are happeningB. will happenC. happenedD. would happen14. The Mona Lisa,___ in Italy, is now in the Louvre, a museum in Paris.A. who paintedB. who was paintedC. which paintedD. which was painted15. Dr. Hawking has made much contribution to the theories of modern physics at the __ of his health.A. costB. disposalC. mercyD. expenditure16. John Smith, being a diligent student, never refuses to ___ more responsibilities that are assignedto him.A. take upB. take inC. take offD. take on17. Effective prevention against physical harms has never been ___ urgently needed, especially inschools.A. moreB. asC. suchD. quite18. A recent survey suggested that if money were not an issue, most mothers ____ not to work at all.A. should preferB. preferC. would preferD. preferred19. The ATMs enable bank customers to access their money 24 hours a day and seven days a week_____ ATMs are located.A. whereverB. wheneverC. howeverD. whatever20. Becoming aware of our mother’s age, not just in numbers of years but _____ her psychologicaland physical state, often helps us to understand her better.A. in spite ofB. on account ofC. in terms ofD. by means of21. To speed ____ your entry, please bring your Admission Card with you.A. upB. onC. cutD. down22. More thunderstorms ____ in summer than any other time of the year.A. happenedB. have happenedC. happenD. will happen23. Experts say the space rock is probably ____ more than U.S.$30,000.A. weightyB. costlyC. valuableD. worth.24. Susan will come to watch him ____ at Wimbledon this week.A. playedB. playC. to playD. playing25. Children don’t ___ understand what are reciting, but gradually it will have in impact on thinking.A. playedB. playC. to playD. playing26. Every year, thousands of college students apply for the CCTV Cup English Speech____.A. ArgumentB. QuarrelC. DebateD. Contest27. _____ shall we forget the day when we received the admission into Harvard University.A. No timeB. NeverC. No soonerD. Nonetheless28. The newly released movie was ____ as to arouse so much sensation among the young people.A. No timeB. NeverC. No soonerD. Nonetheless29. Today’s popular clothing chains ____C____ teenagers, who can be counted upon to changetheir tastes every 30 days.A. resort toB. attend toC. appeal toD. apply to30. There is going to be ___A_____ time for people to assess whether or not we have made theright decision in this time of urgency.A. sufficientB. additionalC. efficientD. consequent第三部分Reading ComprehensionElephants who pant aren’t new . Paintings by Ruby , an Asian elephant who lived at the Phoenix Zoo in Arizona, sold for up to 5,000 in the late 1980s, said Dick George, a consultant with the zoo.“Ruby was about seven months old when the first came to the zoo,” said George. “She lived with a goat and some chickens, but she didn’t have an elephant companion for a number of years. She spent a lot of time drawing in the dirt with a stick to make her days more stimulating. Her keeper bou ght her some art supplies.”George said ,”Ruby was excited about painting right from the beginning.”The elephants at the art academies in southeast Asia are taught to hold a paintbrush with the tip their trunks .Initially, the keeper guides the elepha nt’s trunk over the canvas (画布)and offers rewards for good performance.“It only takes a few hours to a day to teach them,” said Mia Fineman , an art historian whose book When Elephants Paint is an illustrated history of the Asian Elephant Art and Conservation Project.1.Ruby was an Asian elephant .A. who was sold for a price as high as 5,000B. who was famous for being the first painting elephantC. whose paintings sold for as high as 5,000D. who started painting in the late 1980s2.Why did Ruby start painting according to Dick George?A. Because she was seven years old.B. Because she was the first to come to the zoo.C. Because she learned a lot from the goat and the chickens.3.How did Ruby paint at the very beginning?A. She used a stick to draw in the dirt.B. She spent much time in the dirt.C. She stimulated herself every day.D. She painted with her keeper’s art supplies.4.To encourage the elephants to paint well, the keeper .A. bought them a lot of art suppliesB. made them excited at the beginningC. taught them to hold a paintbrush with their trunksD. reinforced the desired behaviors with rewards5.when Elephants Paint is a bookA. on the history of artsB. about the painting elephants in AsiaC. explaining how to teach elephants to paintD. chiefly theorizing about elephant artWhile it is true that Americans believe climbing the educational ladder leads to success, they are less certain that intellectual achievement is the only important factor leading to success . A competitive personality is seen as important to success , especially in men . The development of social and political skills are also considered to be very important.To help Americans develop these other important skills , schools have added a large number of extracurricular (课程外) activities to daily life at school . This is especially true of high schools and colleges and extends down into elementary schools as well . Athletics , frequently called “competitive sports ,”are perhaps the most important in teaching students , particularly boys ,the “winning spirit ,” At times , athletic teams seem to become more important to some students and their parents than the academic programs offered by the schools .6. Americans believe that education isA. the only way to successB. the main purpose of the schoolsC. just like climbing laddersD. important to success7.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as important to success?A. intellectual achievementB. competitive personalityC. social backgroundsD. social and political skills8. A variety of extracurricular activities are added in American schoolsA. to help students climb the education ladderB. to enrich students’ dull life at schoolC. to help students become more successful in later lifeD. to extend college education down into elementary schools9. Athletic activities are designed .A. to make boys strongerB. to teach students winning spiritC. to develop students’ social and political skillsD. to improve the academic programs10. Which of the following can be the best title for this passage ?A. Education and SuccessB. Extracurricular Activities at SchoolC. Athletic SportsD. Intellectual Achievementdiscovery of what appeared to be geometric designs cut across the surface was taken as evidence. The lines were thought to have been a system of canals that had been built to irrigate the surface. It is now clear that the “canals” ---perhaps the most spectacular geologic features of Mars – are natural valleys where ancient rivers once flowed.Another fragme nted idea concerns the planet’s seasonal changes in color. Once attributed to the rapid spread of some life-form, these shifts are now known to develop from the movement of fine dust in the atmosphere.By the close of the 20thcentury none of the many experiments conducted by spacecraft had ever found persuasive evidence of life. Nevertheless, speculation continued over the existence of some form of life ,in either the present of past. In 1996 scientists discoveredorganic compounds and minerals in a meteorite （陨石），consisting of Martian rock,that collided with Earth around 11,000 B.C. These compounds suggest that Mars may have been inhabited by organisms more than three billion years ago.11. Why did people in the 19th century believe the existence of intelligent life on mars ?A. Because the surface of Mars seemed to be geometric.B. Because the lines were drawn across the surface of the planet.C. Because a system of canals was thought to be there.D. Because it was the Martians that built the canals.12. The “canals” on Mars have proved to be according to the passage.A. the minor geologic characteristics of MarsB. natural valleys on the surface of MarsC. rivers that have kept flowing since ancient timesD. a system that irrigates the whole surface13.What are the Mars’ seasonal changes in color believed to be ?A. The natural changes on the planet.B. The seasonal cycles .C. The movement of some life form .D. The storm of dust in its atmosphere.14. How is the 1996 discovery related to the possible existence of organisms on Mars?A. The meteorite containing organic compounds is part of Mars.B. A Martian rock struck Earth about 11,000 years ago.C. The organisms came back to life after the collision with Earth.D. The inhabiting organisms appeared more than three billion years ago.15. How many arguments in this passage lead to the belief of the existence of life on Mars?A. TowB. ThreeC. FourD. FiveA tlanta:Mostly fair. 88-700F. Minneapolis:Mostly cloudy. 68-500F.Boston:Partly cloudy. 78-610F. New Orleans:Mostly fair. 92-730F.Chicago:Thunderstorms likely. 82-670F. Philadelphia:Hazy and warm. 90-680F.Cleveland:Mostly cloudy. 84-680F. Phoenix:Sunny and warm. 99-660F.Dallas:Thunderstorms likely.91-750F. Pittsburgh:Partly cloudy. 81-640F.Denver:Rain likely.53-430F. St. Louis:Thunderstorms likely. 86-700F.Houston:Partly cloudy. 90-780F. San Francisco:Mostly fair. 73-600F.Kansas City:Thunderstorms likely. 73-600F. Seattle:Mostly fair. 74-500F.Las Vegas :Sunny and warm. 93-560F. Toronto:Rain likely. 83-680F.Los Angeles:Mostly sunny. 88-600F. Washington:Partly cloudy. 88-720F.Miami:Partly cloudy. 88-790F.16. According to the forecast,A. Kansas City will be warmer than TorontoB. Temperatures will be the lowest in Seattle and Minneapolis.C. The weather will be fine in most of the listed cities.D. More than half of the listed cities are cloudy or rain likely17. Among the following four cities. The difference between the afternoon high and the evening low is smallest inA. Kansas CityB. MiamiC. AtlantaD. Seattle18. Which of the following cities is closest to Miami in weather conditions?A. Boston.B. Atlanta.C. Washington.D. Houston.19. The difference between the afternoon high and the evening low is greatest in .A. SeattleB. Los AngelesC. Las VegasD. Phoenix20. The differences between the afternoon high and the evening low are the samein 。

GCT英语核心词汇解析(二) 41．collapse基本含义及用法1、倒坍；坍陷The unexpected rainstorm caused the collapse of the roof.突然来临的暴风雨把屋顶刮塌了。

The roof of the old house collapsed.这座旧房子的房顶坍了。

2、突然病倒；突然失败；（价格等）暴跌the collapse of plans 计划失败3、衰竭；衰弱；突然体力不支a state of near collapse 体力近乎崩溃The old man collapsed in the street.ncollapse复习提醒:未见于历年真题42．collide with基本含义及用法vi.(车等)碰撞；(意志等)冲突，抵触（with）In running round the corner, he collided with another man.在跑过拐角时，他撞上另一个人。

If the aims of two countries collide，there may be war.如果两国的目标冲突，就可能发生战争。

复习提醒:1、关注该短语中的介词搭配：with2、2003年阅读理解中曾经出现于正文43．commerceN. 商业、贸易domestic commerce 国内贸易foreign commerce 对外贸易词性转化：commercial:1、商业的commercial depression商业萧条commercial company贸易公司2、商品化的；商用的commercial iron 商品铁以获利为目的的；质量低劣的commercial artist: 受大众欢迎的艺术家commercialismn.商业主义，商业精神，商业习惯；商业文体［用语］commercialistn.商业家，商业主义者；营利主义者44．comfortN.1、安乐；舒适；安逸He lived in comfort. 他过得很舒服。

GCT考试英语辅导教材--词汇（六）第四节词汇考试中的解题思路及对策语言中词汇，犹如建造摩天大楼的砖瓦，是构成语言的基础。

掌握好这一部分不仅有利于做好词汇试题，也对答好全套试卷中的其它试题起着至关重要的作用，当然，对于能否学好一门语言，词汇的重要性自是不言而喻。

但是，掌握词汇乃至它们的用法并非一日之功，需要日积月累，方能见效。

一、优选法词汇试题中都有一些题型无需仔细研读或分析就能直接选出正确答案，比如说熟悉的词语，固定搭配词语，习语等。

考试中遇到这类题型时，只需找到题干中的信息词语，即能快速、准确地选定答案。

如(1). The students _________ to the new environment shortly after they came to the university.A. adoptedB. adaptedC. suitedD. regulated【答案】B。

【解析】在该题中，只要看题干中有哪一个动词能和介词to搭配，就能顺利地选出正确答案了。

除了选项B之外，意为“使…适应”，A的意思是“采纳，收养”；C倒是符合题意，但它是个及物动词，其后不能用介词；选项D的意思为“调节，校准”，均与题意不合。

(2). With his funny performance, Charlie Chaplin __________ the Little Tramp successfully in the film.A. discoveredB. inventedC. madeD. created【答案】D。

【解析】这四个选项意思较为接近，但属于一种习惯表达法。

(3). Facing the present economic depression, he kept worrying about the future, not knowing what was to __________him.A. become ofB. become toC. become withD. happen【答案】A。

GCT考试英语词汇表AA,anart.一(个);任何一个;每,每一件abandonv.放弃;抛弃abilityn.能力,智能;才能,才干ablea.有能力的,能干的,显示出才华的able to inf. 能,会aboardad.在船(飞机,车)上,上船（飞机,车）prep.在（船,飞机,车）上,上（船,飞机,车）abortionn.流产，夭折aboutad.在周围,附近,到处;大约,差不多prep.关于,对于;在…周围,在…附近a.准备be about to+inf.即将aboveprep.在…上面,超过,高于a.上面的,上述的ad.在上面,以上above all首要,尤其abroadad.到国外,在国外;到处absencen.缺席,不在场;缺乏,没有absenta.(from)缺席,不在场;缺乏的漫不经心的absolutea.绝对的,完全的absorbv.吸收;吸收,使专心be absorbed in专心于abusen.滥用，虐待，辱骂；陋习，弊端V 滥用，虐待，辱骂academica.学院的;学术的acceptv.接受,认可;同意,认可acceptablea.可接受的acceptancen.接受,验收;承认,认可accessn.接近,进入;入口,通道,入口;接近（或进入）的方法have/gain access to可以获得accidentn.事故;意外的事,偶然的事by accident偶然accompanyv.陪同,伴随;为…伴奏accomplish v.完成according to按照,根据accountn.账（目,户）;叙述,说明v.说明,解释account for说明（原因等）on account of因为,由于take …into account考虑accuratea.精确的,准确的accusev.（of）控告,谴责accustomeda.惯常的,习惯的be accustomed to习惯于achev.痛n.疼痛,酸痛achievev.完成;达到,达成,获得achievementn. 完成;达到, ,获得acidn.酸a.酸的acquirev.取得,获得;学到acren.英亩acrossprep.横过,穿过;在...对面,与...交叉ad.横过,穿过,横断;宽,阔actv.行动,做事;(on)起作用;表演n.行为,动作;(一)幕;法令,条例actionn.行动,行为;动作,活动;(on)作用activea.有活力的,活跃的,敏捷的,在活动中的activistn.积极分子，活动分子actorn.男演员actressn.女演员actuala.实际的,现实的ActuallyAd.事实上ad=advertisementn.广告adaptv.(to)(使)适应,适合;改编,改写addv.(to)加,增加;补充说,又说add up to合计,总计additionn.(增)加,加法;附加(物)in addition另外in addition to除...之外addressn.地址,通讯处,致词v.致函,写姓名地址;向...讲话adequatea.足够的,充分的,恰当的v.毗连,靠近adjustv.调节,调整,校正)administrationn.管理,经营;行政(机关,部门);政府admirev.钦佩,赞赏,羡慕admitv.让...进入,接纳;承认adoptv.采用,采纳,通过;收养adultn.成(年)人a.成年人的,已成熟的advancev.前进,进展;推进,促进;提出(建议等);提前n.前进,进展;预付,预支in advance提前,预先advanceda. 高级的,先进的,前进的advantagen.优点,长处,有利条件;利益,好处gain/have an advantage over胜过,优于take advantage of利用adventuren.冒险,冒险活动;奇遇advertisev.做广告advertisementn.广告advicen.劝告,忠告,(医生等的)意见advisablen.可取的,适当的advisev.劝告,忠告;建议;通知v.提倡,鼓吹aeroplane/airplanen.飞机aerospacen.太空,宇宙空间affairn.事,事情,事件affectv.影响;感动affectionn.爱,慈爱,感情;影响affordv.担负得起,买得起,花得起(时间);供给,给予afraida.(of)怕,害怕的;恐怕,担心的African.非洲Africana.非洲(人)的n.非洲人afterprep.在…以后,在...后面conj.在...后ad.以后,后来afternoonn.下午,午后againad.又,再(次),重新againstprep.对(着),逆;反对;违反;靠近,倚在;对比agen.年龄;时期,时代v.变老,老化agoad.以前,...前agonyn.苦恼,痛苦agreev.(to,with)同意,赞成;一致,适合agreementn.同意,一致;协定,协议agriculturen.农业aheadad.在前,向前,提前,前头ahead of在...前面,先于aidv.援助,救援,帮助n.援助,救护;助手,辅助物,辅助设备aimv.(at)目的在于,旨在;瞄准,针对n.目标,目的airn.空气,大气,天空;神气,架子v.使通风in the air在流行中,在传播中aircraftn.航空器,飞机airlinen.航线;航空公司airplanen.飞机airportn.机场,航空站alarmn.警报;惊恐,惊慌v.使惊恐,惊动,惊吓;向...报警alcoholn.酒精,乙醇alikea.相同的,想像的alivea.活着着;活跃的,热闹的alla.所有的,全部的pron.一切,全部ad.完全,都,十分above all首要,尤其after all终于,毕竟;虽然这样all but几乎,差一点;除...之外其余都all out全力以赴,竭尽全力all over遍及,到处all right行,可以;顺利,良好at all完全,根本in all总共,共计not at all一点也不allowv.允许,准许;承认;让...得到allow for考虑到allowancen.津贴,补助(费)make allowance(s) for考虑到,顾及;体谅,原谅almostad.几乎,差不多alonea.单独,独立,独一无二的ad.仅仅,只;单独地,独自leave/let...alone听其自然,不要去管let alone更不用说alongprep.沿着ad.向前along with与...一起aloudad.出声地,大声地alphabetn.字母表alreadyad.已,已经alsoad.也,同样;而且,还alterv.改变,变更althoughconj.尽管,虽然,即使altogetherad.完全,全部地;总共;总之aluminum/aluminiumn.铝alwaysad.永远,始终;总是,一直amazev.使惊奇,使惊愕,使惊叹amazinga.令人惊讶的,令人吃惊的,ambitionn.雄心,野心ambitiousa.有雄心的,野心勃勃的ambulancen.救护车American.美洲;美国Americana.美洲(人)的;美国(人)的n.美国人;美国人among(st)prep.在…之中,在...中间amountn.数量,总额v.(to)合计,总共达,等于amusev.逗...笑,给...以娱乐(消遣)analysisn.分析,分解analyze/analysev.分析,分解ancestorn.祖宗,祖先anchorn.锚v.抛锚,停泊ancienta.古代的,古老的andconj.和,与,而且;那么;接连,又angeln.天使angern.(愤)怒,气愤v.使发怒,激怒anglen.角;角度,方面,观点angrya.愤怒的;生气的;(风雨等)狂暴的animaln.动物,野兽,牲畜a.动物的,野兽的anklen.踝announcev.宣布,发表,通行;报告...的来到annoyv.使恼怒,使生气,打搅annuala.每年的,年度的n.年刊,年鉴anothera.另一,再一;别的,不同的pron.另一个,类似的一个one after another一个接一个one another互相answerv.回答,答复,响应;(for)负责,保证;(to)符合,适合n.回答,答复,答案antarctica.南极(区)的n.[the Antarctic]南极洲,南极(圈)antennan.天线anxietyn.挂念,焦虑,焦急,忧虑;渴望,热望anxiousa.(about)忧虑的,担心的,焦急的;渴望的anya.[否定,疑问,条件句中]什么,一些;任何的,任一的pron.无论哪个,无论哪些;一个,一些ad.稍,丝毫anybodypron.任何人,无论谁;重要人物anyhowad.不管怎样,无论如何;不论用何种办法anyone=anybodypron.任何人,无论谁anythingpron.无论什么事(物),一切;什么事(物),任何事(物)anything but除...以外任何事(物),根本不anyway=anyhowad.无论如何anywheread.在什么地方,无论哪里apartad.撇开;分开,分离;相距,相隔apart from除去apologyn.道歉,歉意,认错apparatusn.器械,设备,仪器,装置apparenta.(to)明显的,显而易见的;表面的,貌似的appealv.(to)呼吁,要求;对...有吸引力;申述,上诉n.(to)呼吁,要求;吸引力;申诉,上诉appearv.出现,显露;出场,问世;来到;好像是,仿佛appearancen.出现,出场,露面;外表,外貌,外观appetiten.食欲,胃口;欲望,爱好,要求applen.苹果(树)appliancen.用具,器具appliantn.申请者applicationn.请求,申请(书,表);应用,运用;施用,敷用applyv.(for)申请,请求;(to)适用,应用,运用appointv.任命,委任;约定,指定appointmentn.任命,委任;约定,指定appreciatev.感谢,感激;正确评价,欣赏,赏识approachv.靠近,接近,邻近n.方法,途径;探讨appropriatea.(to)适当的,恰如其分的approvaln.赞成,同意;认可,批准approvev.(of)赞成,满意,同意;批准,审定,通过approximatelyad.近似地,大约Apriln.四月Arabn.阿拉伯人a.阿拉伯的Arabiann.阿拉伯人a.阿拉伯(人)的archaeologyn.考古学architecturen.建筑(式样,风格);建筑学arctica.北极(区)的n.[the Arctic]北极,北极圈arean.面积;地区,区域;范围,领域arguev.争论,辩论;主张,论证;说服argumentn.争论,辨认;论据,论点arisev.出现,发生;(from)由…引起,由...产生arithmeticn.算术armn.(手)臂,臂状物;扶手,衣袖;[pl.][总称]武器,武装v.武装,装备armyn.军(队),陆军;大群aroundad.各处,到处;周围,在附近;大约prep.在...周围,在...附近,在...各地arousev.唤醒,唤起;激起,引起arrangev.整理,排列,布置;安排,筹备arrangementn.安排，准备工作；整理，布置arrestv./n.逮捕,拘留arrivaln.到来,到达;到达的人或物arrivev.到达,来到arrive at达到,得出arrown.箭;箭头(符号),箭状物artn.艺术,美术;技术,技艺;[pl.]文科,人文学科articlen.文章,论文;物品,商品;项目,条款;冠词artificiala.人工的,人造的;人为的,娇揉造作的artistn.艺术家,美术家artistica.艺术(家)的,美术(家)的asad.一样,同样conj.像...一样;由于;正当;以致;虽然,尽管prep.作为,如同ashn.灰(烬)ashameda.(of)羞耻,惭愧,害臊Asian.亚洲Asiana.亚洲(人)的n.亚洲人asidead.在旁边,到旁边aside from除...以外askv.(询)问;请求,要求;(邀)请,约请asleepa.睡着的aspectn.样子,外表,面貌;(问题等的)方面assemblev.集合,集会,会议;装配assemblyn.集合,集会,会议;装配assessv.估价,评价assetn. （pl.）资产，财产；有用的资源，宝贵的人/物；优点，益处assignv.分配,委派;指定(时间,地点等)assignmentn.分配,委派;任务,(课外)作业assistv.帮助,援助,协助assistantn.助手,助教a.辅助的,助理的associatev.(with)使联系,使联合;交往,结合n.合作人,伙伴,同事,同行a.副的associationn.协会,团体;联合,联系,交往;联想assumev.假装;假定,设想;采取,承担;呈现assurev.使确信,使放心;保证,担保astonishv.使惊讶,使吃惊astronautn.宇航员astronomyn.天文学atprep.[表示地点,位置,场合]在,于,到...处;[表示时刻,时节,年龄]在...时,当;[表示目标,方向]对着,向;[表示速度,价格等]以,在...方面athleten.运动员Atlantica.大西洋的n.[the Atlantic]大西洋atmospheren.大气(层);空气;气氛,环境;大气压(压力单位)atomn.原子;微粒,微量atomica.原子的，原子能的attachv.(to)缚上,系上,贴上;使依附,使隶属,使依恋attached to附属于,隶属于attackv./n.攻击,进攻,抨击;着手,开始n.(病)发作attemptv.尝试,试图n.(at)企图,努力attendv.出席,参加;(to)照顾,护理attentionn.注意(力),留心;立正pay attentin to注意attituden.(to,towards)态度,看法;姿势attorneyn.律师attractv.吸引,招引,引诱,引起(注意等) attractionn.吸引,吸引力attractivea.有吸引力的,引起兴趣的,动人的attributen.属性,品质,特征v.(to)把…归于;认为...是...所为auctionn.拍卖vt.拍卖audiencen.听众,观众,读者;谒见,会见audion./a.声音（的），听觉(的)；音频（的），音响（的）Augustn.八月auntn.伯母,婶母,姑母,舅母,姨母Australian.澳大利亚,澳洲Australiana.澳洲的;澳大利亚(人)的n.澳大利亚人authorn.作者;创始人authorityn.权力,威信,权威;权威者,有权威性的典籍;[pl.]当局,官方auton.汽车automaticn.自动机构a.自动的,无意识的,机械的automobilen.汽车autumnn.秋(季)auxiliarya.辅助的,补助的availablea.可用的,可得到的;可以见到的,随时可来的avenuen.林荫道,大街;途径,手段averagen.平均(数)a.平均的;通常的,一般的avoidv.避免,回避,逃避awakea.醒着的,警觉的v.唤醒,唤起;醒,觉醒,醒悟到,认识到awardn.奖(品)v.授予,奖给awarea.(of)知道的,意识到的awayad.离开,远离;…去,...掉;不断...下去right away立即,马上awfula.极度的,极坏的,糟糕的;威严的,可怕的ad.十分,极度地awkwarda.笨拙的,不灵活的;棘手的,尴尬的;使用不便的ax/axen.斧(子)axisn.轴(线);构图中心线Bbabyn.婴儿,孩子bachelorn.单身汉;[亦作B-]学士(学位)backn.背(面),后面a.后面的ad.在后,向后;回,回复;以前v.后退;支持backgroundn.背景,经历backwarda.向后的,倒行的,落后的;迟钝的ad.(also backwards)向后,朝反方向bacterium([pl.]bacteria)n.细菌bagn.袋,包baggagen.行李balancev.称,(使)平衡n.天平,称;平衡,均衡;差额,结余,余款balln.球,球状物;舞会balloonn.气球bananan.香蕉bandn.条,带;乐队;波段;一群,一伙v.缚,绑扎bankn.岸,堤;银行,库v.存入银行bankern. 银行家bankrupta.破产的barn.条,杆,棒,棍,闩;酒吧,餐柜;栅,栏,障碍(物)v.闩上,阻拦,拦住,妨碍barbern.理发师barea.赤裸的,光秃的,空的;稀少的,仅有的v.露出,暴露bargainn.廉价货;交易,契约,合同v.议价,成交barkv.吠叫,咆哮n.吠声,狗叫声barreln.桶;枪管,炮管barriern.栅栏,屏障;障碍(物)basen.基础,底部;基地,根据地v.(on)把...基于,以...为根据baseballn.棒球basementn.建筑物的底部,地下室,地窖basica.基本的,基础的Basicallyad.基本地，根本地basinn.盆,脸盆;内海,盆地basisn.基础,根据on the basis of根据,在...的基础上basketn.篮(子),篓basketballn.篮球bathn.沐浴,洗澡;浴室(池,盆)v.(给...)洗澡batteryn.电池(组);炮兵连,炮组battlen.战役,战斗;斗争v.战斗,斗争,搏斗bev.(就)是,等于;(存)在;到达,来到,发生beachn.海滩,湖滩,河滩beamn.(横)梁,桁条;(光线的)束,柱v.微笑;发光beann.豆;菜豆,蚕豆bearn.熊v.忍受,容忍;负担,负荷;结果实,生子女beardn.胡须beastn.兽,牲畜;凶残的人,举止粗鲁的人beatn.敲打,敲击声,节拍;(心脏等)跳动,搏动v.打,敲;打败,战胜;(心脏等)跳动,搏动beautifula.美(好)的beautyn.美(丽);美人,美丽的东西becauseconj.因为becomev.成为,变得;适宜,同...相称bedn.床(位);苗床,圃,花坛;河床,矿床,海底been.(蜜)蜂beefn.牛肉beern.啤酒beforeprep.在…以前;在...前面,当着...的面conj.在...之前ad.前面,从前,早些时候begv.乞求,乞讨;请求,恳求beggar n.乞丐，穷人beginv.开始beginningn.开始,开端behalfn.利益on behalf of代表,为了behavev.举止,举动,表现;运转,开动behavior/behaviourn.行为,举止;(机器的)特性behindprep.在…后面,落后于ad.在后,向后,落后beingn.生物,人;存在,生存beliefn.信仰,信条;相信,信念believev.(in)相信,信仰;认为belln.钟,铃belongv.(to)属于,附属,隶属;应归入(类别,范畴等)beloveda./n.受爱戴的,敬爱的;爱人,被心爱的人belowprep.在...下面,在...以下ad.在下面,向下beltn.(皮)带,腰带;地带benchn.长凳,条凳;(工作)台,座bendv.(使)弯曲;屈从,屈服n.弯曲(处),曲折处beneathprep.在…下边,在...之下ad.在下方beneficiala.(to)有利的,有益的benefitn.利益,好处,恩惠v.有益于;(from,by)受益benta.弯曲的besideprep.在…旁边,在...附近;与...相比besidesprep.除...之外ad.而且,还有besta.最好的ad.最,最好(地)betv.赌,打赌n.打赌,赌注bettera.较好的,更好的ad.更好(地)v.改良,改善n.较佳者,较优者betweenprep.在(两者)之间ad.当中,中间beyondprep.在(或向)...的那边,远于;迟于;超出ad.在那边,在远处Biblen.圣经bicyclen.自行车bidv.祝愿;命令,吩咐;报价,投标n.出众,投标biga.大的,巨大的;重大的,重要的biken.自行车billn.账单;招贴,广告;单子,清单,(人员,职称等的)表;钞票billionnum./n.[美]十亿,[英]万亿bindv.捆,绑,包括,束缚biographyn.传记biologyn.生物学birdn.鸟,禽birthn.出生,分娩;出身,血统birthdayn. 生日biscuitn.饼干,点心bitn.一点,一片,一些bitev./n.咬,叮n.一口bittera.(有)苦(味)的;痛苦的,厉害的blacka.黑(色)的,黑暗的n.黑人,黑色blackboardn.黑板bladen. 刀刃，刀片；叶片；翼blamev.责备;怪,怨,把…归咎于n.责任,过错;责备blanka.空白的,空着的;失色的,无表情的n.空白;表格blanketn.毛毯,毯子blastn.一阵(风),一股(气流);爆炸冲击波;管乐器或汽笛声v.爆炸,爆破bleedv.出血,流血blinda.瞎的;盲目的v.使失明;蒙蔽n.百叶窗blockn.大块木料(或石料,金属);一排房屋,街区;阻塞v.阻塞,拦阻,封锁bloodn.血(液);血统,宗族,门第;血气,气质bloomn.花(朵);开花(期)v.开花blowv.吹(气),充气,打气;吹响(乐器,号角等),吹风;爆炸,爆裂n.打,殴打,一击,打击bluea.(天)蓝色的,青的;伤心的,沮丧的,忧郁的n.蓝色boardn.板,木板,纸板;全体委员,委员会,部门;伙食;船舷v.上船(车,飞机)on board在船(车,飞机)上boastv.(of,about)自夸,夸耀n.自夸,大话boatn.小船,艇bodyn.身体,躯体,本体;主体;尸体;物体;(一)群,批,堆boilv.(使)沸腾,煮(沸)bolda.大胆的,勇敢的;冒失的;黑体的,粗体的boltn.螺栓,(门,窗的)插销v.闩(门),关窗,拴住bombn.炸弹v.投弹于,轰炸bondn.结合(物),粘结(剂),联结;公债,债券,契约bonen.骨(骼)bookn.书(籍);卷,篇,册v.预定,订(票,房间等)boomv.迅速发展,兴旺;发出隆隆声bootn.(长统)靴boothn.电话亭,货摊bordern.边界,国界;边(沿)v.交界,与...接壤;接近borev.钻(孔),挖(洞),打眼,钻探;烦扰,使厌烦n.讨厌的人,麻烦事boringa.令人厌烦的n. 钻孔borna. 出生的；天生的，生来的n.(心)胸borrowvt. 借，借用bossn.工头,老板,上司v.指挥,支配,发号施令bothpron.二者,双方a.两,双both...and既...又...,两个都botherv.打扰,烦扰;烦恼,操心n.麻烦bottlen.瓶(子)v.装瓶bottomn.底(部);基础,根基;海底,湖底,河床boundv./n.跳(跃)a.被束缚的,理应...的,必定的,一定的;准备(或正在)到...去的,开往...的boundaryn.分界线,边界bowv./n.鞠躬,点头n.弓(形);蝴蝶结bowln.碗(状物),钵boxn.箱(子),盒(子);包厢v.拳击,打耳光boxingn. 拳击boyn.男孩;男服务员,男仆brainn.(大)脑,骨髓;[pl.]脑力,智能brakev./n.制动(器),闸,刹车branchn.(树)条,分支;分部,分店;(学科)分科,部门;支流,支脉,支线brandn.商标,标记,牌子v.使铭记;打火印,打烙印bravea.勇敢的breadn.面包breadthn.宽度,幅breakv.打破,折断,破碎;使中止,打断;破坏,违反n.打断,中止;休息时间breakdownn.垮,衰竭;损坏,故障,倒塌breakfastn.早饭,早餐v.吃早饭breastn.胸膛,乳房breathn.呼吸,气息breathev.呼吸,吸入breedv.(使)繁殖,生殖;产生,引起;教养,抚养,饲养n.品种,种类breezen.微风,和风brickn.砖(状物)briden.新娘bridgen.桥(梁)v.架桥,建桥briefa.简短的,简洁的v.简短介绍,简要汇报brighta.明亮的,辉煌的;聪明的,伶俐的;欢快的,美好的brillianta.光辉的,灿烂的;卓越的,有才华的bringv.带来,拿来;引起,导致Britisha.不列颠的;英国(人)的brittlea.易碎的,脆(弱)的broada.宽的,广阔的;广大的,广泛的;宽宏的,豁达的bronzen.青铜(色),青铜制品brothern.兄弟;同胞;教友brown.眉(毛);额browsev./n.浏览brownn./a.褐色(的),棕色(的)brushn.刷(子),毛刷;画笔v.刷,擦,掸,拂;擦过,掠过bubblen.泡,水泡,气泡v.冒泡,起泡,沸腾bucketn.水桶,吊桶budgetn.预算v.做预算buildv.造,建筑,建设,建立build up积累,堵塞;树立,逐步建立;增进,锻炼buildingn.建筑(物),房屋,大楼bulkn.体积,容积;主体,大批,大量,大块in bulk散装;大批,大量bulletn.子弹,枪弹bunchn.(一)簇,束,捆,串bundlen.捆,包,束burdenn.担子,负担,重担bureaun.署,局,司,处burnv.燃烧,烧毁,烧伤n.烧伤,灼伤burn out烧掉burstv.爆裂,炸破;突然发生,突然发作n.突然破裂,爆发buryv.埋(葬),安葬;埋藏,遮盖busn.公共汽车trolley bus无轨电车bushn.灌木(从)businessn.商业,生意;事务,业务,职责on business因公,因事busya.忙的,繁忙的;(with)忙于...的v.使忙于butconj.可是,但是,而;除...外prep.除...外ad.只,仅仅,不过but for除...以外,倘没有,除非butchern.屠夫,卖肉者buttern.黄油,奶油v.涂黄油于...上butterflyn.蝴蝶buttonn.纽扣,按钮(开关)v.扣紧;扣上纽扣buyv.(购)买n.购买,买卖byprep.在...旁,靠近;被,由;经,沿,通过;不迟于,到...时为止;根据,按照;[表示方法,手段]靠,用,通过ad.在近旁,经过byeint. 再见CCabn.出租车cabbagen.洋白菜,卷心菜cabinn.客舱,机舱;小(木)屋cabinetn.橱柜;内阁cablen.电报;电缆;缆,索,钢丝绳v.拍电报cagen.鸟笼caken.饼,(蛋)糕calciumn. 钙calculatevt. 计算，推算；估计，推测；计划，打算calculatorn. 计算器calendarn.日历,月历calln.叫喊,呼声;(电话)通话v.叫(喊),招呼;把...叫做,称...为;(on,at)访问,拜访;打电话calma.(天气,海洋等)静的,平静的;镇静的,沉着的n.平静,风平浪静v.(使)平静;(使)镇定cameln.骆驼cameran.照相机,摄影机campn.野营,营地;帐篷,阵营v.设营,宿营campaignn.战役;运动campusn.(大学)校园canaux.v.能,会;可以;可能n.罐头v.装罐头Canadiana.加拿大的n.加拿大人canaln.运河;(沟)渠cancelv.取消,把...作废;删去,划掉cancern.癌candidaten.候选人,候补者;报考者candlen.蜡烛candyn.糖果n.帆布;油画布,油画capn.便帽,军帽;盖,罩,套v.覆盖于...顶端capabilityn. 能力，才能；性能，容量capablea.有本领的,有能力的;(of)可以...的,能...的capacityn.容量,容积;能量,能力;接受力capitaln.首都,首府;大写字母;资本,资金a.首位的,最重要的,基本的captainn.首领,队长;船长;上尉v.做...的首领,指挥capturev./n.捕获,俘虏v.夺得,攻占carn.车(辆),汽车;(火车)车厢carbonn.碳carbon dioxide二氧化碳cardn.卡片,名片;纸牌;纸片ID card身份证credit card信用卡caren.小心,谨慎,注意;关怀,操心,照料v.(about)关心,介意,计较careern.生涯,经历;专业,职业carefula.小心的,仔细的;细致的,精心的cargon.船货,货物carpetn.地毯carriagen.(四轮)马车;(火车)客车厢carriern.搬运人;载体carrotn.胡罗卜carryv.运送,搬运;传送,传播;领,带cartoonn.漫画,幽默画;动画片casen.箱,盒,容器;情况,事实;病例;案件in any case无论如何,总之in case假如,以防(万一),免得in case of假使,万一in no case决不cashn.现金,现款v.兑现,付(或收)现款castv.投,扔,掷,抛;铸造n.演员表castlen.城堡casuala.偶然的,碰巧的;临时的,非正式的catn.猫catalog/cataloguen.目录(册)v.编目(录)catchv.捕捉,捕获;赶上;感染;理解,听到categoryn.种类,类目catchvt.捕，捉；赶上；感染，染上病；听清楚cattlen.牛;牲口,家畜causen.原因,理由;事业,事件,奋斗目标v.使产生,引起caven.洞,穴ceilingn.天花板celebratev.庆祝celln.细胞;小房间;蜂房;电池Celsiusa.摄氏的cementn.水泥;胶泥,胶接剂v.胶合;巩固,加强centn.分(币);百per cent百分之center/centren.中心(区),中央v.集中centigraden./a.摄氏温度计(的);百分度(的) centimetre/centimetren.厘米centrala.中心的,中央的,中枢的;主要的centuryn.世纪,(一)百年ceremonyn.典礼,仪式;礼节,礼仪certaina.某,某一,某些;(of)一定的,确信的,可靠的certificaten.证(明)书,执照chainn.链(条);[pl.]镣铐;一连串,一系列,连锁v.用链条拴住chairn.椅子;主席(职位)chairmann.主席,议长,会长,董事长challengen.挑战(书);艰巨任务,难题v.向...挑战chambern.房间,室championn.冠军,得胜者;拥护者,斗士chancen.机会;可能性,或然性;偶然性,运气v.碰巧,偶然发生changen.改变,变化;零钱,找头v.更换,调换,交换,互换;改变,变化channeln.海峡,水道;信道,波道;路线,途径chaptern.章(节),回charactern.性格,品质,特性,特征;人物,角色;字符,(汉)字characteristica.(of)特有的,独特的n.特征,特性characterize/characterisev.表示...的特性;描述...特性chargev.索(价),要(人)支付,收费;控告,指控;充电n.[pl.]费用,代价;电荷,负荷in charge (of)负责,主管take charge of担任,负责chartn.图,图表chasev./n.追逐,追求chatv./n.闲谈,聊天cheapa.便宜的;低劣的,不值钱的cheatv.欺骗;作弊n.骗子;欺诈,欺骗行为checkv.检查,核对;制止,控制;(凭票)托运或寄存n.(=cheque)检查,核对;方格图案,格子织物check/chequen.支票cheekn.面颊,脸cheerv.(使)振奋,(使)高兴v./n.喝彩,欢呼cheerfula.愉快的,高兴的cheesen.干酪,乳酪chemicala.化学的n.[pl.]化学制品,化学药品chemistn.化学家;药剂师chemistryn.化学cheque/checkn.支票,空白支票;总收入chessn.棋chestn.胸腔,胸膛;箱,柜chewv.咀嚼;思量chickenn.小鸡,小鸟;鸡(肉)chiefa.主要的,首要的n.首领,领袖child([pl.]children)n.小孩,儿童,儿女childhoodn.幼年,童年chilln.寒冷,寒气,寒战v.使寒冷chillya.寒冷的chimneyn.烟囱chinn.下巴,颏chinan.瓷器Chinan.中国Chinesen.中国人;中国话;中文,汉语a.中国(人)的,中国话的,汉语的chipn.切屑,碎片;(土豆等的)薄片;集成电路块chocolaten.巧克力(糖),赭色choicen.选择(机会),抉择;供选择的种类,选择项;入选者,精华a.精选的,上等的,优等的choosev.选择,挑选;甘愿chopv.砍,劈,斩n.排骨,肉块Christiann.基督教徒a.基督教徒的Christmasn.圣诞节churchn.教堂;[C-]教会cigarette/cigaretn.香烟,纸烟,卷烟cineman.电影院;电影,影片circlen.圆,圆周;圈子,集团;周期,循环v.环绕,旋转circuitn.环行,周线,巡回;电路,线路circulara.圆(形)的,环形的;循环的n.传单,通报circulatev.(使)循环,(使)流通circumstancen.[pl.]情况,形势,环境;经济情形,境况citizenn.公民;市民,居民cityn.城市,都市civila.公民的,市民的;国内的,民间的;民用的;有礼貌的,文明的;文职的civilization/civilisationn.文明,文化civilize/civilisev.使文明,开化claimv.要求;声称,主张;索赔n.要求;主张,断言;索赔;权利,要求权,所有权clarifyv.澄清,阐明clarityn.清晰,明晰classn.班级,年级;(一节)课;阶级,阶层;等级,类别v.把...分类(或分等)classicn.[pl.]杰作,名著a.第一流的,不朽的,古典的classicala.经典的,古典(文学)的classificationn.分类,分级classifyv.分类,分等(级)classmaten.同班同学classroomn.教室,课堂clausen.(正式文件或法律文件的)条款;从句,分句clawn.爪,脚爪clayn.粘土,泥土cleana.清洁的,干净的;洁白的v.打扫,使干净cleara.清晰的,明白的;清朗的;清澈的,明亮的;畅通的,无阻的ad.清楚地,清晰地,明白地v.澄清,清除,扫清;使清澈,使清楚变晴clerkn.职员,办事员;店员clevera.聪明的,伶俐的,机敏的,精巧的Clickn. 一击clientn.顾客;(诉讼)委托人cliffn.悬崖;峭壁climaten.气候;风气,社会思潮climbv./n.攀登,爬clingv.(to)粘住;依附;坚持clinicn.诊所clinicala. 门诊的，临床的clockn.钟clonen.克隆v.克隆coden.代码，代号，密码，编码closev.关,闭;结束,了结n.结束,了结a.(to)近的,接近的;关闭着的;秘密的,不公开的;严密的,紧密的ad.接近地,紧密地clothn.(一块)布,织物,衣料clothev.(给…)穿衣,供给...衣服clothesn.衣服clothingn.服装,被褥cloudn.云(状物);遮暗物,阴影;一大群cloudya.多云的,阴(天)的;混浊的,模糊的clubn.俱乐部,夜总会;社团;棍棒,球棒cluen.线索,暗示coachn.(铁路)客车,长途汽车,大客车;辅导员,教练,私人教师v.教练,辅导,指导coaln.煤,煤块coarsea.粗糙的,粗劣的;粗鲁的,粗俗的coastn.海岸,海滨coatn.外套,上衣;皮毛,表皮,涂层v.涂上,盖上,包上cockn.公鸡,雄鸡;龙头,开关coden.代码,代号,密码;法典,法规,规划coffeen.咖啡(色)coilv.卷,盘绕n.(一)卷,(一)圈;线圈,绕组coinn.硬币,货币v.铸造(硬币),创造(新词)colda.寒冷的;冷淡的n.感冒;寒冷collapsev./n.倒坍,崩溃,垮台collarn.衣领;环状物colleaguen.同事,同僚collectv.收集,搜集;领取,接走;收(税等);聚集,堆积collectionn.收藏(品),收集(物)collectiven.集体a.集体的,共同的collegen.学院,高等专科学校,大学collidev.碰撞,冲突;(with)抵触collisionn.碰撞,冲突colonyn.殖民地color/colourn.颜色,彩色;颜料;肤色v.给...着色,染colorfula. 多彩；丰富多彩的columnn.圆柱,柱状物;列;(报刊中的)专栏combinationn.结合,联合,合并;化合(物)combinev.(with)(使)结合,联合;(使)化合comev.来,来到;出现于,产生;是,成为;开始,终于come off实现,成功,奏效come on请,来吧,跟着来,快点;开始,来临;进展,发展;出场,上演come out出版,刊出;出现,显露,长出;结果是,结局是;被解出come round/around来访,前来;苏醒,复原come through经历,脱险come to总计,达到;苏醒,复原come true实现,达到come up走近,上来;发生,被提出come up to达到,符合come up with提出,提供comfortn.舒适,安逸;安慰,慰问v.安慰,使舒适comfortablea.舒适的,自在的commandn.命令,指令;统帅,指挥(权);掌握,运用能力v.命令;指挥,统帅commandern.司令官，指挥官commentn.注释,评论,意见v.(on)注释,评论commercen.商业,贸易commerciala.商业的,商务的,贸易的commissionn.委员会;委任,委托(书),代办;佣金,手续费commitv.把...交托给,提交;犯(错误),干(坏事)committeen.委员会,全体委员commodityn.商品,物品commona.普通的,平常的;(to)共同的,公共的in common共用,共有,共同communicatev.传达,传送;交流;通讯,通话communicationn.通讯,传达,传送,交流;[pl.]通讯系统;[pl.]交通(工具)communismn.共产主义communista.共产主义的communityn.同一地区的全体居民,社会,社区;共同体companionn.同伴,共事者;伴侣companyn.公司,商号;陪伴,同伴;宾客,客人;连(队),(一)群,(一)队,(一)伙keep company with与...交往,与...结伴comparablea.(with,to)可比较的,比得上的comparativea.比较的,相当的comparev.(with,to)比较,相比,对比;比作compare...to把...比作comparisonn.比较,对比,比喻,比拟by comparison比较起来compelv.强迫,迫使compensatev.(for)补偿,赔偿competev.比赛;竞争competenta.有能力的,胜任的competitionn.比赛;竞争competitorn.竞争者,敌手complainv.(about,of)抱怨;申诉complaintn.抱怨,诉苦;申诉;疾病completea.完全的,圆满的v.完成,结束,使完满complexa.复杂的;合成的,综合的n.联合体complicateda.错综复杂的,麻烦的,难解的complicationn.复杂,纠纷;并发症componentn.组成部分,成分,元件,部件a.组成的,合成的composev.组成,构成;(of)由...组成;创作(作曲,诗歌等)composern.作曲家;创作者compositionn.作品,作文,乐曲;写作,作曲;结构,组成,成分compoundn.混合物,化合物a.混合的,化合的,复合的comprehensiona.理解(力),领悟computern.计算机,电脑;计算者concealv.隐藏,隐瞒,隐蔽concentratev.(on)集中,专心;浓缩n.浓缩物concentrationn.专注，专心；集中；浓度conceptn.概念,观念,思想concernv.涉及,关系到v./n.关心,挂念n.(利害)关系as/so far as...be concerned就...来说be concened with关心,挂念,从事于concertn.音乐会,演奏会;一齐,一致concludev.结束,终止;断定,下结论;缔结,议定conclusionn.结束,终结;结论,推论in conclusion最后,总之concretea.具体的,有形的,实质性的n.混凝土v.用混凝土修筑,浇混凝土condemnv.谴责,指责;判刑,宣告有罪conditionn.状况,状态;[pl.]环境,形势,条件on condition that在...条件下conditionern.调节装置，空调conductn.行为,举动,品行v.引导,带领;处理,管理;指挥(乐队);传导,传(热,电等)conductionn.传导conductorn.领队,(乐队)指挥;(电车等的)售票员,列车员;导体,导线conferencen.会议,讨论会confidencen.(in)信任;信心,自信;秘密,机密confidentn.(of,in)确信的,自信的confirmv.使更坚固,使更坚定;(进一步)证实;确认,批准conflictn.战斗,斗争;抵触,冲突v.(with)抵触,冲突confusev.使混乱,混淆confusionn.混乱,混淆congratulatev.(on)祝贺,向...致贺词congratulationn.(on)祝贺,[pl.]祝贺词congressn.(代表)大会;[Congress](美国等国的)国会,议会connectv.(with)连接,连结connection/connexionn.联系,连接conquerv.征服,战胜,占领;克服,破除(坏习惯等)consciencen.良心,良知conscious。

able 有能力的again 再and 和artist 艺术家basis 基础about 关于against 靠、反对animal 动物angry 动气的basket 篮above 在…上面angel 天使another 另一、别的ashamed惭愧的basketball 篮球accident 事故、意外的事Asia 亚洲admire 羡慕、赞赏announce宣布ache 疼痛agree 同意answer 答案；回答ask问bathe 洗澡Asian 亚洲attract 吸引ant 蚂蚁airmail 航空邮件beg 请求achieve vt完成、达到agreeable 令人愉快的、适合的anxiety n 焦急asleep睡着的across 横越agriculture 农业anxious 担忧的assist vi帮忙beach 海滩act 行为、动作aim 目标；针对attack 解决assistance 帮忙become vi 变成active 活动的、踊跃的aircraft 飞机attend 参加assistant 助手bear 负担忍受actor 演员attain 达到、取得anything 任何事attendant 出席者beat 打actress 女演员anyhow 不管如何anyway 不管如何allow 许诺beauty 美airport 飞机场advertisement(ad)- 广告admit 许诺进入、承认attention注意because 因为address 地址alike 相似的apology 道歉anywhere 任何地址begin 开始allocate 分派alive 活着的appear vi 显现apologize vi 道歉baby 婴儿advance 推动、提高almost 几乎April 四月author 作者behalf 代表adventure 冒险alone独自的Arabian 阿拉伯人（的）average平均的behind在。

2011GCT辅导讲义Vocabulary and grammar词汇：短语搭配（动词与介副词搭配/动词与名词/介词短语）Hold/get/go/come/put/get/pull/speed形近词变析Insure/ensure/assure/secureObserve/conserve/preserve/reserveOmit/submit/permit/emitConfident/confidentialSign/signal/signature近义词变析Question/problem/issueWorth/worthy/worthwhileHistorical/historicContinual/continuousSign/signal/mark/gesture语法：1．时态By 引导的时间状语与用于完成时，如果接过去的时间点用过去完成时，如果接将来的时间点用将来完成时。

自然规律，客观规律用一般现在时现在完成时（for/since）It’s (about/high) time that + 一般过去时It’s the first time that + 现在完成时It was the first time that + 过去完成时时间状语从句，条件句的将来时用一般现在时表示。

If I have a bike, I’ll lend it to you.If I had a bike, I would have lend it to you.Before long 用于将来时/long before用于一般过去时2．非谓语动词See sb. Do/doingFor there to beFoe there being动名词与现在分词同作定语的区别A sleeping dog/a writing table非谓语动词的否定在前面加notIs said to do/is said to have done独立分词结构The rain being over, we went on with our work.Her eyes dimmed with tears, she didn’t see him enter.3．从句（定从）as/which; that /which/thanThat/which(1)先行词是形容词最高级或者它的前面有形容词最高级时,或是序数词,或它的前面有一个序数词时This is the best that has been used against air pollution(反对空气污染) in cities.English is the most difficult subject that you will learn during these years.He is the last person that I want to see.(2) 主句中已有疑问词时或先行词是whoWhich is the bike that you lost?(3) 先行词既有人又有物时The bike and its rider that had run over (撞倒了)an old man were taken to the police station.(4) 先行词是all,much,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,the one等不定代词时Y ou should hand in all that you have.We haven’t got much that we can offer you.I mean the one that you talked about just now.Is there anything else that you want to say for this party?(5) 先行词前面有only,any,few,little,no,all,one of,the same,the very等词修饰时As I mentioned in the last letter, I’ll be back in OhiO in June.More and more people are beginning to learn English, which is becoming popular here.4．倒装Only +状语置于句首So, neither, nor 引起的半倒装否定副词提前So + adj/adv/ 置于句首为了叙述生动全部倒装Up went the rocket.Away they hurried.If 省略had/were 提前Hardly/scaecely…when/no sooner ….than5．虚拟语气三种基本形式表命令，建议，要求的词后should + do表主观意愿，见解的adj. (6)Necessary/essential/important/vital/desirable/advisableIf only/wish/as if/though 后的宾从用一般过去时或过去完成时(if only/only if)含蓄虚拟语气（otherwise, but, or, but for, without, if not for, under other circumstances, to do）It would be a mistake not to help him.Would rather + do (do/have done); would rather + that ( did/had done)表示吃惊惊讶，should (不能省)+ do .6. 主谓一致With, as well as 引出的词不算主语Neither…nor/either….or/not……but…/not only…. But also 谓语就近原则集合名词（三大类）Family/crew/class/audience/committeePeople/police/cattleMerchandise/machinery表示时间/距离/价值/重量名词作主语+单谓Many a ,more than one修饰名词+单谓表种类，数量，单位的名词+of 修饰名词时，谓语动词与表种类，数量，单位的名词一致7.特殊用法Always 与进行体连用，表达一定的感情色彩Need doingIs to blame/blame sb. With sth./blame sth. On sbMake sb. DoFind it+adj. + to doIt’s no use doingProvided that=if 引导的条件句Can’t too…..But that/in that/except that/now that/all thatHave no alternative/choice but to doCan’t choose/help but doI can do nothing but doCannot but doWhy not + doOnly + to do 表结果状语For all/much as1.By the end of this term , the girls _______ the basic rules of dinner partyconversation.A. will learnB. will have learnedC. have learnedD. are learning2. Darwin proved that natural selection _______ the chief factor in the development of species.A. has beenB. had beenC. wasD. is3. It’s been a long time since I _______. How are you?A. had last seen youB. saw you lastC. have last see youD. last was seeing you4. This is the first time I ______this kind of refrigerator.A. sawB. have beenC. am seeingD. see5. Hardly_____ the people ran toward it.A. had the plane landed whenB. had the plane landed thanC. the plane landed beforeD. the plane was landing that6. ______ no gravity, there would be no air around the earth, hence no life.A. If there wasB. if there had beenC. were thereD. had there been7. ______ that the pilot couldn’t fly through it.A. The storm so severe wasB telephone company lastC. so the storm was severeD. such was the storm severe8. If they had sent a check to the telephone company last week, their telephone______ Out of service at this moment.A. will not beB. will not have beenC. wouldn’t beD. wouldn’t have been9. Millions of Americans flock to their drug stores to buy vitamins and minerals, ______ that these pills can help to prevent serious illness.A. convincingB. convincedC. To convinceD. to be convinced10. A recent survey suggested that if money were not an issue, most mothers ______ not to work at all.A. should preferB. preferC. would preferD. preferredReading Comprehension说明性文章多，兼有议论文，一篇应用文。

2011年GCT英语基础班考前辅导——语法张丽艳一、大纲中语法要部分需要掌握的内容✓动词的时态、语态（主动、被动）；✓非谓语动词（doing、done、to do）；✓形容词比较级、最高级；✓名词、代词的数和格（主谓一致）；✓从句；✓虚拟语气；✓强调句型；✓倒装句型；✓常用连词、冠词的词义及用法。

GCT （03---10年）语法考点汇总见附录2010年语法真题2010GCT01: Making energy use completely harmless to the environment____________ very difficult and usually economically expensive.A. isB. areC. have beenD. shall be2010GCT02: ___________ no gravity, there would be no air around the earth, hence no life.A. If there had beenB. If there wasC. Had there beenD. Were there2010GCT03: Some members of the committee suggested that the meeting .A. being postponedB. to be postponedC. be postponedD. postponed2010GCT04: Is there anything else ___________ you want to get ready for the party this evening?A. whichB. whoC. thatD. what2010GCT07: By the end of this term, the girls ____________ the basic rules of dinner party conversation.A. will learnB. will have learnedC. have learnedD. are learning词一、动词动词的基本分类基本助动词：have；do；be（1）助动词情态助动词will would ;may might; can could; must; need; shall should; ought to; dare注意：特殊情态动词：would rather, would sooner; would (just) as soon; had better, had sooner; can not but; may (just) as well.情态动词在虚拟语气中的含义及其用法。

GCT词汇导入班讲义马鹏一、背单词的误区1.只记住了容易记忆的意思，忽略常考意思（1）addressThose trying to address issues of racial inequality need to constantly remind people of the inequalities that still exist to counteract the Obama's effect, she says.“Most men get their cars serviced more regularly than they service their bodies,” Cartmill says .He believes most diseases that commonly affect men could be addressed by preventive check-ups.This will safeguard your existing email box in the event someone you don’t know gets hold of your email address and shares it with others.（2）chargeSome savings come free of charge: you can boost fuel efficiency by 6 percent simply by keeping your car’s tires properly inflated (充气).They may feel the need to recharge their batteries with a new challenge.The new CEO are in charge of Human Resources Department particularly.It is unreasonable to charge someone without evidence.（3）institute, institutionThe institution has a highly effective program which helps first-year students make a successful transition into college life.Since the change of management, some strange institutions have been established in the company which annoy everyone.（4）liableThe sportsman first of all obeys the fish and game laws, not because he is liable to be punished as a violator, but because he know that in the main these laws are made for his best interests.（5）courseThe course of nature will not be changed by human interference.I have also witnessed a player reacting to his opponent’s international and illegal blocking by deliberately hitting him with the ball as hard as he could during the course of play.2.只记住了排列考前的意思，忽略重要意思（1）commitHe committed suicide for unknown reasons.There’s a one-in-a-million chance a child will be taken by a stranger, according to the Justice Department. And 90 percent of sexual abuse cases are committed by someone the child knows.Commitment to being who you are, not who or what someone wants you to be.Before she ever gets the chance to commit to a cause, charity or foundation as First Lady, her most urgent and perhaps most complicated duty may be simple to be herself.（2）launchEach spacecraft requires millions of pounds of fuel to take off into space, which makes them expensive to launch.Angry politicians launched an attack on the Princess in the press. They described her as very ill-informed and a loose cannon (乱放炮的人).The university has launched a research center to develop new ways of combating bacteria which have become resistant to drug treatments.（3）machine, machanical, machanismAlthough nominated as the actor of the year, his acting in latest movie was criticized being machanical.Like animals, humans evolved with an elaborate mechanism for processing information about potential threats.There is no mechanism to ensure that they make the required effort.（4）appealTelevision is an attractive advertising medium in that it appeals to housewives“Unauthorized”biographies also have their appeal, however, since they can suggest an independence of mind in the biographer.（5）orientSixty-two percent of the more individually oriented(强调个性发展的) Americans listed group experience as one of their top three choices.In Japan, fewer women have jobs or buy cars —the Japanese society is still very much male—oriented.3.只记住了表面含义（具体），忽略引申含义（抽象）（1）latitude (range, spectrum)Your teacher's grading system may be unwise, but it is not unethical. A teacher deserves widelatitude in selecting the method of grading that best promotes learning in her classroom; that is, after all, the prime function of grades.（2）contributeSome $36,000 has been raised in donations from Safeway. A Chevrolet dealership donated $10,000 and forgave the district’s $10,750 bill for renting the driver educating cars. IBM contributed 4,500 packs of paper.Older people must be given more chances to learn if they are to contribute to society rather than be a financial burden, according to a new study on population published recently.Viewing abnormally large amounts of violent television and video games may well contribute to violent behavior in certain individuals.Laura Hillenbrand is an example cited to show how emotional energy can contribute to one’s success in life.（3）caterThe service industry, by definition, exists to cater to others’ needs.Freedom-of-speech advocates accused the societies of catering to politicians, and even disputed the number of studies（4）stick toWhen families gather for Christmas dinner, some will stick to formal traditions dating back to Grandma's generation.（5）immuneThe new pills help patients immune from infection.Because of the smuggling, the customs claim that imported appliances will be no more immune for taxation.（6）dissolveFrom January Ist, 2008, all public companies in Norway are obliged to ensure that at least 40% of their board directors are women. Most firms have obeyed the law, which was passed in 2003.But about 75 out of the 480 or so companies it affects are still too male for the government’s liking. They will shortly receive a letter informing them that they have until the end of February to act , or face the legal consequences---which could include being dissolved.42. A public company that fails to obey the new law could be forced to .A. pay a heavy fineB. close down its businessC. change to a private businessD. sign a document promising to act（7）cultivateRegardless of how it’s sold, the popularity of bottled water taps into our desire for better health, our wish to appear cultivated, and even a longing for lost purity.61. According to passage, why is bottled water so popular?A. It is much cheaper than wine.B. It is considered healthier.C. It appeals to more cultivated people.D. It is more widely promoted in the market.（8）tailorShe asks them to tell her what they think they are supposed to do. She also provides take-home sheets which are computer printouts tailor ed to the patients’ situation.二、MBA\MPA\MPAcc单词对词汇的要求——音形义用音：增强语感，拆文解字AmbulanceAmpleAmbitioncareer形: 形象记忆，辨析形近词PeepLimbLimpSootheprosperous, prosperity, prospect, prospective, perspective义: 表面含义与引申含义，常考含义与特殊含义special, especial, particular, peculiarSuspect, suspicous, sceptical, skeptical, doubt, doubtable, questional用：不同语境下的含义用法与翻译Benjaming Franklin was known as a philosopher, scientist, educator and a great politican. What a versatile man he is!Scientists have designed a versatile weapon used in night combat and underwater fight.三、单词的记忆方法1. 词根词缀记忆法ImportantPresidentTransparentTractor（1）Prefix +RootForehead______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______Expose______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______（2）Root+SuffixActorScholarDrawer（3）Prefix +Root+SuffixConcentrateCollaborateCorrepondent（4）elseReinforce2. 形近字记忆法Attain————————————————————3.近义反义记忆法天生后天吸引4.一词多义记忆法Raise5.故事情境记忆法警察逮小偷情境主人公：警察、小偷、受害者、律师、法官、陪审团确认目标——实施犯罪——警察追捕——羁押——审讯——起诉——证人证词——定罪——上诉——驳回——入狱——越狱6.拆文解字记忆法TenantHandicapAlienationInnocentCargoGroomBroom7.中文谐音记忆法StingyAdmireSpousePestTrubulent四、常用词根1. act=to do , to drive,表示“行动，做”activityactivateactualizeenactexactInteractreacttransactcounteract2. tract =draw，表示“拉，拖”abstractattractattractionattractivecontractcontractiondistractdistractedextractextractiontractor3. Spect, spic= look, see,表示“看”circumspectcircumspectionexpectationinspectinspectionperspectiveprospect nprospectiverespectrespectablerespectfulrespectiveretrospectsuspectsuspiciousspectacularspectatorspeculatespeculation4. Sist= stand, 表示“站立”assistassistantconsistconsistenceinsistinsistencepersistpersistentresistresistance5. rupt=break, 表示“断裂”" abruptbankruptbankruptcycorruptcorruptiondisruptdisruptionerupteruptioninterruptinterruption6. Pos, posit=put, 表示“放”"posecomposedisposedisposedexposeimposepurposepositionpositive7. cap, capt, cept ,ceive, cip, cup=take, hold, seize, 表示“拿，抓，握住”capacitycaptivecaptureacceptconceptiondeceivedeceptiveinterceptconceiveconceivableperceivereceivereceiptanticipateoccupyoccupation8. ced, ceed, cess=go,表示“行走，前进”antecedeantecedentancestorconcessionintercedeprecedeprecedentprocedureexcessexcessiveproceedprocessaccessaccessiblesucceedsuccesssuccessionsuccessiverecessrecession9. cept=take,表示“拿取”except.exceptionexceptionalacceptacceptableinterceptinterceptionconcept10.dict,dic=say,assert, 表示“说话，断言”" dictatedictatordictionarycontradictpredictabdicatededicateindicateaddictaddiction11.duc,duct=lead,bring,表示“引导，带来”" Educateeducationabductdeducedeductioninduceinducementintroduceproduceproductproductiveproductivityreduceconductconductorseduceseduction12.fer=bring,carry,表示“带来，拿来”" conferenceofferdeferdifferdifferencedifferentiateinferpreferpreferencereferreferencesuffertransfer13.gress=.go,walk,表示“行走”" aggressionaggressivecongressprogressprogressivebor=labor,表示“劳动”" laboratoryelaboratecollaborate15. Port=carry,表示“拿，运”" portableexportimportimportancesupporttransport16. Press= press, 表示“挤压”" pressingpressurecompressdepressdepresseddepressionexpressexpressionimpressimpressionimpressivesuppresssuppression17. Sens, sent =feel, 表示“感觉”"sensesensiblesensitivesentimentsentimentalassentconsentconsensusresentresentment18. Sid=sit,表示“坐”"resideresidencepresidepresidentsubsidiary19. St, sta, stat, stan, stant, stin = stand, 表示“站，立”" stablestabilitystabilizationobstaclecircumstanceinstanceinstantsubstancesubstantialsubstantiateconstantdistant20. tain ten tin= hold。