研究生英语(人大版第三版)u12background

研究生英语（提高级第三版）课后习题复习资料汇集一、选择题Lesson 11. The Car Connectivity Consortium was founded under U.S. law as a limited lia bility corporation.A. assetsB. BusinessC. ResponsibilityD. investment2. His wife set about upbraiding him for neglecting the children.A. encouragingB. criticizingC. UnderstandingD. hating3. Do you look forward to old age, or do you dread frailty, loss of memory and dependence on others?A. lonelinessB. povertyC. weaknessD. illness4. About 1-2% of the population are affected by temporary loss of smell: drugs, pollution and pregnancy can all distort the senses.A. work withB. interfere withC. associate withD. come with5. Humans have trouble evaluating risks that are not salient.A. noticeableB. UniqueC. AcceptableD. real6. Sales are reminiscent of the 2008 holiday season when merchandise was marked down 50% to 80%.A. back fromB. different fromC. better thanD. similar to7. You agree to waive the claim, which speaks well for your friendly attitude and close cooperation .A.startB. continueC. changeD. Quit8. I greatly enjoy these meetings unless I have to make a speech, in which case I’m in a state of dreadful anxiety.A. unexpectedB. naturalC. UnderstandableD. terrible9. Suffering was easier to bear than the bitterness he felt corroding his spirit.A. inspiringB. revealingC. destroyingD. releasing10. For the would-be online criminals, the likelihood of theirgetting caught and punished is vanishingly small, yet the profits are great.A. ExtremelyB. probablyC. unfortunatelyD. slightly1. The story about the Brothers Grimm may evoke warm memories of story ti me in the comforting arms of a parent.A. recallB. createC. releaseD. collect2. One of the secrets of successful travel lies in always turning adversity to your advantage.A. unfamiliarityB. explorationC. pleasureD. difficulties3. The claws of bears may be used to climb trees, rip open nests and beehiv es, or catch prey.A. clearB. tearC. throwD. dig4. The analysts are dissecting intrusions and other attacks that have breached their computer systems.A. interceptingB. fightingC. analyzingD. discussing5. He spent whole days in his room, headphones on lest he disturb anyone.A. unlessB. whenC. so thatD. in case6. As the unemployment lines lengthened and factories closed, there was talk of apocalypse.A. emergencyB. uncertaintyC. disasterD. reduction7. The odor of the hospital was so unforgiving that every so often she would bring the cloud of white flowers to her nose.A. unexpectedB. uniqueC. impressiveD. terrible8. Critics argue that the lavish park itself is incongruous a country where aro und half the population lives below the poverty line.A. inappropriateB. creativeC. unnecessaryD. enjoyable9. Many believed optimistically the news would soothe markets, but it seems to have had the opposite effect.A. pushB. misleadC.calmD. discourage10. A stoical person tends to show admirable patience and endurance in the f ace of adversity without getting upset.A. confidentB. uncomplainingC. unconventionalD. reliable①1. During the lecture all the audience listened to China's first astronaut with ra pt admiration.A. obscureB. obviousC. obligedD. obsessed2. Most of her colleagues didn't like her because she was adept at the fine art of irritating people.A. ambitiousB. annoyingC. skillfulD. scornful3. In the schools today we need, more than ever, the training of deft hands, q uick eyes and ears, and above all the broader, deeper, higher culture of gifted minds and pure hearts.A. skillfulB. cleverC. delicateD. elegant4. At last the judge decided to give the custody of the child to his father.A. supervisionB. cateringC. raisingD. fostering5. Denver residents continued to dig out from what was called the worst blizz ard in nearly a century.A. catastropheB. disasterC. snowstormD. landslide6. After all, the candidate was endorsed governor's board and many of the loc al party members.A. ignoredB. rejectedC. sponsoredD. supported7. His expression gave temporary meaning to a set of features but it was nond escript．A. unclearB. distinctiveC. impliedD. ambiguous8. She came home spouting off about the subjects she was taught at school and basked in her teacher's praise.A. pridedB. enjoyedC. criticizedD. narrated9. It was evident that the administrative officials did not believe the excuse th at he held forth for the delayed delivery.A. liedB. toldC. emphasizedD. compiled10. When Frank heard that the war had started, it didn't sink in for a long time until his father was drafted into the army.A. be understoodB. be acceptedC. be takenD. be illustrated ②1. Plants will lose their when they are heavily trimmed.A. voyageB. vitalityC. vogueD. virgin2. It was generally conceded that the net result of the incident was calculated to make Eisenhower mad enough to force him to re-electionA. run forB. compete inC. apply toD. line up with3. Mick entered the V ocational High School, and in order to get to know her new classmates, she ______ a partyA. castB. launchedC. flungD. threw4. Alice Moore refused to learn what they required. Shecouldn't see the neces sity of ______ for those that would only appear in the examinations.A. clappingB. crammingC. clashingD. creeping5. The listeners were _______ by his magic eloquence and ready to stand by him in his boldest flights.A. agonizedB. thrilledC. disturbedD. interfered6. We remained until our ship was repaired, and after that, we set sail for En gland, our ________ port being London.A. doomedB. denotedC. despairedD. destined7. Seeds of various types-wheat grains, beans, and nuts-form the bulk of hum an food. But not all seeds are ______ to either humans or insects; many conta in toxins.A. palatableB. primitiveC. peculiarD. permanent8. Continuing violence could ________ the progress towards reform.A. hold on B .hold up C.hold down D.hold off9. A bill passed _______ by both houses in August requires states to set up s ystems for withholding child support paymentsfrom the wages and state tax re funds of those persons.A.anonymously B .autonomously C.unanimouslyD.enormously10. After about an hour all the participants ________ with the regulations and each other.A.warmed up B .made up C.mixed up D.wound up Lesson 51. The king dubbed Laurence a name of knight for his outstanding accomplishme nt in performance.A. HonoredB. praisedC. calledD. granted2. In order to entice people to travel to Hawaii, hotels have lowered room rates.A. convinceB. ExpectC. temptD. support3. These two fences intersect at the creek.A. disappearB. EndC. MeetD. cross4. The result is an overly complicated and somewhat arbitrary system, but still m uch better than nothing.A. IrrationalB. incredibleC. intangibleD. intricate5. We are going to render them economic assistance.A. SendB. awardC. issueD. give6. One hallmark of a good politician is his ability to influence people.A. characteristicB. strongpointC. capacityD. talent7. They proposed that premium gasoline should be sold at a premium price.A. maximumB. high-gradeC. costlyD. pure8. It’s rather cumbersome having to carry all these cases around.A. wearisomeB. AwesomeC. troublesomeD. toilsome9. The evening was crowned by her dazzling performance.A. perfectB. veridicalC. splendidD. vivid10. On the stage of Academy Award, there’s nothing like a little golden statuette on the mantelpiece to burnish a fragile ego.A. CommendB. outstandC. exhibitD. polishLesson 71. Upon hearing these critical remarks, he was in a complete state of bewilder ment and did not know what to do next.A. astonishmentB. frustrationC. depressionD. perplexity2. For many women, the harrowing prospect of giving evidence in a rape case can be too much to bear.A. promisingB. embarrassingC. hauntingD. upsetting3. The company's disappointing sales figures are an ominous sign of worse thi ng to come.A. disgracefulB. disgustingC. scandalousD. threatening4. He said that people are too obsessed with utopian visions that will never co me, instead of thinking of the quality of life now.A. promisingB. unrealisticC. unbelievableD. unprecedented5. We eliminated the possibility that it could have been an accident because it was so well timed.A.elicitedB.despisedC.removedD.elevated6. Things would never change if people weren't prepared to experiment with n ew teaching methods.A. endeavorB. campaignC. swerveD. try7. The national interest is more important than the sectional and personal inter ests of individual politicians.A. segregatedB. factionalC. inviolableD. dismantled8. Despite differences in background and outlook, their partnership was based on mutual respect, trust and understanding.A. unilateralB. reciprocalC. obligatoryD. optional9. Desirous of knowing something about the operations, I stood and watched t he spectacle with great interest.A. Desperate forB. Desirable ofC. Detached fromD. Deprived of10. He spoke eloquently with the self-effacing humor thathas endeared him to the American press.A. elegantlyB. persuasivelyC. arrogantlyD. Expressively Lesson 8。

Unit12Tourism ManagementText AnalysisI.Background information1.About the authorDiane Engelhardt has been an ESL instructor for more than20years.She has taught conversational and business English to a wide variety of students in Canada and Germany.She also has prepared students for TOEFL,Cambridge First Certificate,and London Chamber of Commerce.She currently teaches at Royal Roads University International Student Centre in Victoria,Canada.2.About the textThe text first appeared in Practice Makes Perfect:Advanced English Reading and Comprehension,a textbook intended to help ESL students develop their essential English reading and critical reading skills.II.General analysis of the textThe text focuses on the major theme of ecotourism and the challenges facing the new branch of tourism.Instead of directly introducing the theme,the author first paints for us an overview of tourism as a whole.As a fast-developing industry,tourism have done great contributions.However,some negative impacts of some practices in traditional tourism have surfaced and already taken a heavy toll on the natural balance of some tourist destinations.The author then asks a series of questions in order to provoke readers into thinking seriously about the issues and introduce ecotourism.After mentioning the origin of ecotourism,the author continues to enumerate and illustrate the principles of ecotourism.Yet ecotourism itself faces two challenges:It is being cashed in on by a traditional tourist agency in disguise and the popularity of ecotourism may ultimately defeat its own purpose.Finally,the author discusses some measures already taken to overcome the challenges.The layout of the text is as follows.III.Detailed study of the text1.Exotic places that people used to only dream of or read about in books are as close as the nearest travel agency or online booking service.◆exotic:adj.from or in another country,especially a tropical one;seemingexciting and unusual because it is connected with foreign countriesbrightly-colored exotic flowers/plants/birdsShe travels to all kinds of exotic locations all over the world.◆exotically:adv.rainbows of exotically colored blooms Part Sub-partParagraph(s)Main Idea Introduction IntroducingTourism1-3The author talks about the affordability and rapid growth of tourism and stresses its contribution to GDP.Negative Impacts ofTraditionalTourism4The author mentions the negative impacts of traditional tourism by citing specific examples.IntroducingEcotourism5The author attempts to introduce the theme of the text—ecotourism by raising a series of questions.Body The Rise ofEcotourism 6The author introduces the rise of ecotourism.Principles ofEcotourism 7-8The author mentions such principles of ecotourismas environmental protection,energy conservation,respect for tradition,etc.and then cites theexample of Maquipucuna Reserve and Madagascarto illustrate the benefits of adhering to suchprinciples.Challenges ofEcotourism9-10The author refers to two major challenges of ecotourism,namely cashing in on the label of ecotourism and popularity of ecotourism.ConclusionSolutions to theChallenges 11-12The author argues that both organizations andindividuals can help overcome the challenges.2.Cultural immersion experiences for sightseers and globetrotters are available...◆globetrotter:n.(informal)sb who spends a lot of their time traveling to manydifferent countriesHe said he is not very widely traveled and does not describe himself as a globetrotter.◆globetrotting:adj.a globetrotting journalist环球工作的记者3.In France and the United States,international tourism’s top two destinations, tourism accounts for6percent and2.7percent,respectively,of those countries’GDP.◆respectively:adv.in the same order as the things you have just mentionedThe cups and saucers cost£5and£3respectively.◆respective:ed before a plural noun to refer to the different things thatbelong to each separate person or thing mentionedWe all went back to our respective homes to wait for news.the respective roles of teachers and students4.The future of the fourth-largest global export activity(after fuels,chemicals, and automotive products)looks bright for travelers,airlines,commercial tour operators,hotel chains,hospitality businesses,and governments...◆hospitality:n.services such as food and drink that an organization provides forguests at a special eventthe use of a yacht for corporate hospitalityThere was a reception in the hospitality suite before the game.5.The red flags are already appearing:quaint fishing villages turned into sprawling tourist playgrounds,shorelines ribboned with high-rise hotels, agricultural fields plowed under and converted into golf courses,coastal waters polluted with sewage,beaches littered with garbage,and noisy streets plagued by traffic congestion.◆litter:v.[T](also litter up)if things litter an area,there are a lot of them in thatplace,scattered in an untidy wayClothes littered the floor.◆litter sth with sthThe desk was littered with papers.◆be littered with sth:if sth is littered with things,there are a lot of those things initRecent business news has been littered with stories of companies failing.6.To make way for airports,roads,and tourist complexes,forests have been cleared,fragile ecosystems destroyed,wildlife dispersed or decimated,and indigenous peoples displaced and dispossessed.◆decimate:v.[T]to destroy a large part of sthThe population has been decimated by disease.◆decimation:n.decimation of a tribe◆displace:v.[T]to make a group of people or animals have to leave the placewhere they normally liveFifty thousand people have been displaced by the fighting.◆displacement:n.the forcing of people away from the area or country where theylivethe gradual displacement of the American Indian7.An offshoot of the environmental movement of the1970s,ecotourism has come into its own over the past two decades.◆offshoot:n.sth such as an organization which has developed from a larger orearlier oneThe company was originally an offshoot of Bell Telephones.8.Synonymous with“green”tourism,ecotourism promotes cultural sensitivity and respect for traditions and customs in order to avoid the kind of exploitation that has turned tribal ceremonies into sideshows and relics into souvenirs.◆exploitation:n.an attempt to get as much as you can out of a situation,sometimes unfairlyThey are working to control the exploitation of the rain forests.◆exploit:v.[T]to try to get as much as you can out of a situation,sometimesunfairlyThe violence was blamed on thugs exploiting the situation.9.Because tourism is the least regulated industry with no universal standards or formal accreditation programs,any company can slap a“green”label onto its operation and cash in on the trend.◆accreditation:n.official approval given by an organization stating that sb or sthhas achieved a required standardThe initial Government proposal for a single accreditation system for advocates was the correct approach.◆accredit:v.[T]to officially approve sth or sb as being of an accepted quality orstandardInstitutions that do not meet the standards will not be accredited for teacher training.10.The original ecotourists were small in number,deeply committed to conservation and actively engaged in cultural exchange.◆commit:v.[I,T]to say that sb will definitely do sth or must do sthHe has clearly committed his government to continuing down the path of economic reform.The banks have committed themselves to boosting profits by slashing costs.11.In the process,nature,once an honored treasure,has become a commodity and a photo opportunity.◆commodity:n.a product that is bought and soldCrude oil is the world’s most important commodity.Key to the ExercisesPre-Class Tasks1Mini-Research1.Ecotourism is an industry that promotes responsible travel to natural areas.It canprovide income and promote conservation—rather than exploitation—of natural resources.It is seen as a solution to a lack of political will or general apathy toward conservation issues.It is intended to enhance the conservation of wild spaces and species in an ecosystem through the promotion of natural resources as tourist attractions.2.The fundamental difference between traditional tourism and ecotourism is theinvolvements with nature.Traditional tourism is not much concerned about the well-being of local people and environment while ecotourism tries to create a minimal impact on the people and the environment.2Co-LearningOpen-ended question.3PresentationOpen-ended question.1.Maquipucuna Reserve is the closest and largest cloud forest reserve close toQuito.Besides guided tours to watch hundreds of birds,insects,orchid species and Yumbo culture vestiges,it’s a unique site that offers easy to moderate trails to access forests where the endangered Andean Spectacled Bears congregate around mass fruiting of wild avocadoes.Andean bear season in2019is expected to happen sometime between October and December.Past visitors have sighted up to14different bears in two days.Maquipucuna is a birdwatcher paradise too—during the last world bird-count day,people sighted157species.Internationally awarded Maquipucuna Ecolodge within a15,000acres Maquipucuna Reserve located only2hours away from Quito.Maquipucuna is a private biodiversity haven for10%of Ecuador’s plant diversity and4%of all thebird species known for the entire planet.Maquipucuna is an Important Bird Area heart of the Choco Andino Biosphere Reserve as designated by UNESCO.2.Agenda21for the Travel and Tourism Industry is a program of action agreedby182governments at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development,the Earth Summit,on14June1992,to provide a sustainable future for the planet.It outlines practical steps that governments and private tourism companies can take to implement the goals of the Rio Earth Summit and make the future of the tourism sector and our entire planet more sustainable.It is packed with examples of good environmental practice and provides the guidelines needed to convert well-meaning theories about sustainability into reality.(paras.11-12)organizations,governments and tourists can help overcome the challenges.1.The first paragraph is arranged in a conclusion-solution pattern.Sentence1is aconclusion and sentences2-6all serve as evidence to prove the viewpoint presented in the conclusion.2.Because the author hopes to draw readers’attention to the appalling adverseimpacts of tourism on nature and environment.3.An increasing awareness of environmental issues,and a high demand forunspoiled locations,authentic cultural experiences,and recreational challenges.4.It refers to a situation in which the revenues from ecotourism help boost localeconomy and employment while maintaining and even better conserving nature.5.Because the very distinguishing features of ecotourism make it impossible toaccommodate large numbers of tourists.Therefore,tourists swarming to ecotourism-oriented destinations could be detrimental.6.It is an open-ended question.7.It means that organizations within the industry should cooperate with each otherand develop certain policies and programs as well as rules and regulations that are applicable to and binding on all participants.8.Tourists can choose travel destinations and tour operators that help promoteecotourism.They can try to reduce their personal impact on the environment, practice cultural sensitivity toward local peoples,participate in volunteer conservation projects,and even pressure governments to pass and enforce laws that protect the environment.1.respective;2.sprawled/sprawls;3.decimation;4.displaced;5.adherence;6.accredited;7.affordable;8.implementation;9.emit;10.proactively1.As long as there is a travel agency or booking service is available online,peoplecan now travel to foreign places that they used to only dream of or read about. 2.Is there a different kind of tourism that can both satisfy people’s growing travelneeds and help preserve the world’s natural treasures?3.Besides those popular tourist resorts,ecotourism finds distant places where localenvironment is strictly protected and then receive small numbers of tourists. 4.Ecotourism increases people’s sensitivity to cultures and respect for traditionsand customs in order not to view tribal ceremonies as sideshows or relics as souvenirs.5.When ecotourism abides by its principles,it can be good to all parties involvedin it.6.The island of Madagascar boasts the rare and unique lemur.It conserves itsbiodiversity and reduces poverty with the money from the tourist industry.At the same time,it keeps the number of tourists small enough to not to threaten its environment.7.Tourists used to be willing to go without the usual comforts and conveniencesand take those less-traveled paths.Nowadays,however,so-called ecotourists travel in large numbers and hope to enjoy the comforts of home in a pretty landscape.8.As it spreads to places where environment is more fragile and susceptible tohuman activities,ecotourism could ultimately invalidate what it originally tries to achieve.1.disperse;2.make way for;3.dispossessed;4.indigenous;5.fit in with;6.offshoot;7.unspoiled;8.turmoil;9.quaint;10.plagued1.to;2.on;3.into;4.for;5.to;6.among/with;7.on;8.to;9.to1-5:D A H N E6-10:B L F K G1.is made up of2.account for3.constitute4.is composed of5.accounts for6.constitute7.account for8.made up1.One of the ancient towns in China,Lijiang is full of natural beautiful sceneriesand varied cultures.2.A popular idea,using a dishwasher is still not well received by the oldergenerations.3.Cold and hungry,he went straight back home after work without delay.4.Severely injured,she was rushed to hospital.5.Turning the corner,we saw the hospital in front of us.6.Whether walking or sleeping,he always thinks of the subject.7.Having been annoyed by her words,he refused to talk to her again.8.Given enough time,the engineers will be able to find the fault.1.The company has been hammered by the downturn in the construction and motorindustries.2.Most lakes in this region are still in a pristine state,with the quality of waterwithin the state’s standards.3.The theme of this tourist trail is natural scenery and exotic flavors,which attractmany experience-hungry travelers.4.The floor is littered with piles of books and newspapers.5.Wealth is not necessarily synonymous with generosity.6.The recording company was trying to cash in on her fame by releasing earlyteenage recordings.7.When Wang Yang was a kid,he would devour every book that he could get hishands on.8.When faced with a crisis,one needs to stay especially calm and make informedchoices.Open-ended questions.One version for reference:One of the most fruitful industries,tourism is also one of the most harmful for the environment in the form of environmental destruction and loss of animal habitats. In response to the need to minimize the impact of traditional tourism on tourist destinations,ecotourism has gained increasing popularity among tourists.Despite its advantages,ecotourism is very unlikely to replace traditional tourism for two reasons.First,it is impossible for ecotourism to cope with the ever-increasing number of tourists craving for fresh experiences.Ecotourism is destined to be a select branch of tourism only for small crowds.It is usually in the form of small groups of people traveling to areas of ecological interest with such goals as environmental conservation, wildlife observation,and minimal impact on nature in mind.However,as one of the prosperous industries,tourism is still fast developing,and more and more people come to accept traveling as a fashionable way of passing their time.This puts an enormous strain on the tourist industry.Therefore,once people swarm to an area,the goals of ecotourism will be undermined.Second,the revenue from ecotourism is not likely to support a whole range of professionals working in this sector.As mentioned in the first point,ecotourism is anaturally small-crowd type of tourism.Tourist professionals will have to struggle to be able to stay in ecotourism with meagre incomes.But this may not be the only option.They can still turn back to traditional tourism and stay highly paid.This means that ecotourism can only remain a relatively small part of tourism.In conclusion,it is impossible for ecotourism to replace traditional tourism because it cannot meet the demands of mounting numbers of tourists or support professionals who hope to stay in it.Text B Sustainable Tourism Gains TractionWorking with Words and Expressions1.water-hungry having a huge demand for water对水的需求量极大的2.ABTA the U.K.travel trade association for tour operators and travel agents英国旅行社协会3.digital detox a period of time when a person voluntarily refrains from usingdigital devices such as smartphones,computers,and social media platforms克制自己，避免使用电子产品的一段时间4.off the grid without reliance on one or more public utilities未使用公共事业服务的（尤指未用电的）5.put sb in good stead very useful to sb when needed对……很有用；对……很有利6.carbon footprint the amount of carbon dioxide that a person or organizationproduces by the things they do,used as a way of measuring the amount of harm they do to the environment碳足迹；碳耗用量7.provenance the place of origin of something起源；出处8.short-haul that involves transporting people or goods over short distances,especially by plane短程的；短途运输的Understanding the Text1.As a senior sustainability adviser,Armstrong is well aware of tremendousnegative impacts of the tourism industry on tourism destinations.And if it were not for the concerted efforts,80%of the coral reef could have been lost forever.2.Poorly-managed tourist destinations will have to be adversely impacted,andtheir products may not be welcomed by consumers.3.High volumes and low margins are the features that render it impossible to investin sustainable tourism.4.This example mainly serves to illustrate the fact that the sustainability challengesfacing the tourism sector can only be solved with concerted efforts.5.This is an open-ended question.1.并非如此，真正原因在于其核心商业模式的可行性已经受到了威胁。

Unit 12Film and DramaLearning ObjectivesAt the end of the unit, students will be able to:1.Have a general knowledge about film and drama;2.know about the well-known figures in films such as Charlie Chaplin, Tomhanks, etc:3.talk about their favorite film genre;4.master the words and expressions concerning film and drama.Part I Warm-up ActivitiesA Directions: Below are three famous film stars and their works of art. Match the film stars and their films.1.Charlie Chaplin2. Vivien Leigh3. Tom HanksA.Forrest GumpB. Modern TimesC. Gone with the WindB Directions: The following are the posters of three famous plays. Read theintroductions and fill in the missing information with the words given in the chart.A B CFrench American British a dventure fantasy musical1. The Harry Potter film series is a British-American film series based on the Harry Potter novels by the British author J. K. Rowling. The series is distributed by Warner Bros. and consists of eight fantasy films beginning with Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone(2001) and culminating with Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2 (2011). It is the highest-grossing film series of all-time in inflation unadjusted dollars, with $7.7 billion in worldwide receipts. Each film is in the list of fifty highest-grossing films of all-time in inflation unadjusted dollars and is a critical success.2. The Phantom of the Opera is a musical by Andrew Lloyd Webber, based on the French novel Le Fantôme de l'Opéra by Gaston Leroux. It is considered by many to be the most successful musical of all time and is also the longest running show in Broadway history.3. Ice Age is a 2002 American computer-animated comedy-drama adventure film created by Blue Sky Studios and released by 20th Century Fox. It was directed by Carlos Saldanha and Chris Wedge from a story by Michael J. Wilson. The film was nominated at the 75th Academy Awards for best animated feature. The film was met with mostly positive reviews and was a box office success, starting a series with three sequels, Ice Age: The Meltdown, Ice Age: Dawn of the Dinosaurs, and Ice Age: Continental Drift.Useful Words and Expressionsmotion picture 电影trailer 预告片visual effect 视觉效果film studio 电影制片厂dubbing 配音subtitles 字幕Broadway 百老汇props 道具medium 媒体protagonist 主角costumes 戏装antagonist 反面主角score 配乐tragic hero 悲剧英雄a reel of film 一卷胶片chorus 合唱团film adaptation 电影改编(a play) in three acts and five scenes 三幕五场（剧）scenario 剧本climax 戏剧高潮soundtrack 电影原声音乐musical 音乐剧box office 票房playwright 剧作家premier 电影首映式stuntman 特技演员blockbuster 商业大片stand-in 替身talent scout 星探sorcerer 巫师Part II Listening1. BFM International Film FestivalDirections:L isten to a dialogue between Yvonne and William and then answer the following questions.1) What does the BFM Festival stand for?I t’s the Black Film Makers’ International Film Festival.2) What is the meaning of “stereotype” according to William?It means a very strong, fixed idea about how people will behave.3) What is the purpose of the BFM Festival?It is to showcase the stories of groups and communities which otherwise would go unnoticed.4) How long is the shortest film ever made?One second.Tapescript:Yvonne: Hello, I’m Yvonne Archer - and thanks to William Kremer for joining me today.William: Hello – it's a pleasure!Yvonne: For fifty-two years, the Times BFI - British Film Institute’s London Film Festival has shown the best new films from around the world. And for thefirst time, the BFM International Film Festival has also been based at the BFI.William, do you know about the BFM Festival?William: Umm – I know that it's the Black Film Makers’ International Film Festival. Yvonne: That's right and to celebrate its tenth anniversary, the emphasis of the 2008 BFM has been on films made by Black people - who are based here inBritain. Well, I was lucky enough to get an invitation to the BFM ShortsAwards - but before we find out which short film won the award and aboutthe idea behind this festival –I've a question for you. Yes, are you readyWilliam?William: Yes.Yvonne: How long is the shortest film that was ever made? Was ita) one secondb) one minute ORc) five minutesWilliam: I’m gonna go for a) – one second because even though that sounds too short, sounds very silly, I think the silly answers are usually correct. That's mytactic so I'm gonna go for one second.Yvonne: And we’ll find out whether William was right or wrong later on. Now in today’s interview we’ll come across the word ‘stereotyped’. William, whatdoes it mean?William: Well if someone is ‘stereotyped’, other people who don't know them have a very strong, fixed idea about how they will behave. They’re ‘stereotyped’perhaps because of the country they come from, or (from) the colour of theirskin or their religion, for example.Yvonne: And what are ‘platforms for expression’?William: ‘Platforms for expression’ in this case, refers to ways and places that artistic people can use to share their work and messages. So for example, a cinemascreen or a novel are ‘platforms for expression’.Yvonne: Great! Now as we hear from Nadia Denton, the Director of the BFM International Film Festival, try to catch the verb she uses to mean ‘highlight’or ‘to draw attention to’. I asked Nadia: why is there a separate section forBlack film makers within the London Film Festival each year?NADIA DENTONBecause it’s important for us to showcase the stories of groups andcommunities which otherwise would go unnoticed, which don't get thecorrect representation in the mainstream, who perhaps are stereotyped, whoperhaps don't have many other platforms for expression.Yvonne: William, which verb did Nadia use to mean ‘to highlight’or ‘to draw attention to’?William: ‘To showcase’– Nadia explained that it's important ‘to showcase’ the stories of communities and groups which we don't usually see or hear.Yvonne: So the BFM Festival is a chance for people who are often stereotyped and not considered or noticed by mainstream cinema to have their work seen.Now at the BFM Shorts Awards, we saw five new films and voted for thebest one. And the winner was “Win, Lose or Draw”directed by LawrenceCoke. It was a wonderful blend of story-telling and interviews withCaribbean people who’d arrived in Britain from the 1950s, like my ownfather. And after the awards, Lawrence explained just how important makingthe film had been to him...LAWRENCE COKEThe whole thing was a very cathartic experience on one level because, Ialways say that the young people of today don't understand that they'restanding on the shoulders of giants.Yvonne: Making “Win, Lose or Draw” was very cathartic for Lawrence – it allowed him to express some really deep emotions. But it was cathartic for many ofus in the audience too – and educational.William: And hopefully lots of young people will see the film because Lawrence sees it as a way to help them understand that they and their parents are animportant part of Britain's history.Yvonne: Yes – and Lawrence describes our grandparents and parents as 'giants'. Their lives were really difficult but they still tried to help England and make thingseasy for us and their families back in the Caribbean.LAWRENCE COKEThey were children themselves and they came over to help the mothercountry because they felt it was the right thing to do –leaving childrenbehind, wives, and… I just…I'm in awe of that.William: Yes, they were an awesome- amazing group of young people.Yvonne: They certainly were. My father travelled to England – at the time, known by Caribbean people as 'the mother country' – and he came here at the age oftwenty-one. And like many others from the Caribbean, my father simplywanted to work hard and earn money. He wanted his parents to have whatthey needed and he especially wanted his younger brothers and sisters to goto school.William: So education was really important to them.Yvonne: Definitely because most of them left school and started work when they were fourteen years old. But now, it's time for you to educate us, William! William: Surely not!Yvonne: Yes! What was your answer to today's question: how long is the shortest film that was ever made?William: I went for the silly one which was one second.Yvonne: And you were correct to be silly because you were absolutely right!2. "The Back-Up Plan"A Directions：In this section you will hear a news report about the 2010 film TheBack-Up Plan. Listen and answer the following questions.1)What does a “back-up plan” mean for Zoe?It means to become a single mother with the help of modern science.2)Why did Jennifer Lopez say that “We used a lot of the stuff from real life”?Because she gave birth to twins a couple of years ago.3) According to the director Alan Poul, what was his challenge in making this movie? His challenge was to balance the expectations audiences have for this film genre.B Directions: Listen to the report again and decide whether the following descriptions are true for Zoe or Stan. Write Z for Zoe, S for Stan and N for Neither if the description describes neither of them.1) Z running a pet store 2) Z having an extended family3) S a dairy farmer 4) N scared by the coming parenthood5) N giving birth to twins 6) Z having insatiable hunger7) S strong and muscular 8) N a single parentTapescript:New Yorker Zoe is successful in business running her thriving pet store. She also has good friends and a loving extended family; but she has not had the best of luck in the romance department and, with her biological clock ticking away, she has decided the "right guy" may never show up. So "The Back-Up Plan" is to become a single mother with the help of modern science. Naturally, the very day she undergoes the in-vitro fertilization procedure, she meets the "right guy."His name is Stan and he, too, is a successful entrepreneur: a farmer who makes cheese that he sells at farmer's markets around New York. At about the same time she realizes she is pregnant with twins, Zoe also figures out that she's falling in love with Stan. Will he be scared away by the impending parenthood if she tells him? How long can she keep it a secret, anyway?Jennifer Lopez gave birth to twins a couple of years ago and drew on her own experiences to play Zoe."So many of the things in this movie were art imitating life for me," she said. "Because I had just gone through the pregnancy it was really fresh in my mind. We used a lot of the stuff from real life."That insight into the funnier side of pregnancy includes the sudden and insatiable hunger that, in the film, strikes Zoe when she spies a pot of stew bubbling on the stove in Stan's kitchen. With no utensils in sight, she resorts to scooping it up (and scarfing it down) directly from the pot with hunks of bread."You feel so hungry, it's crazy; and you feel so sleepy in a way that you never have before," Lopez said. "Because I had just gone through it, I knew how that was going to ring true for so many women."The pregnancy humor may be drawn from real life, but the romantic storyline is pure Hollywood. For instance, Stan is shirtless and ripples with muscles as he tends the goats on his dairy farm. As the love interest, Alex O'Loughlin joins a growing legion of hunky stars from Australia making it big on American screens."Look, I don't know mate … maybe it's something in the water back home; but I did get kind of fit for the film because every cheese farmer is ripped and buff … and I wanted to be true to character because I'm [a] 'method' [actor]," he said."The Back-Up Plan" marks the feature film directing debut of Alan Poul, an award -winning television producer and director on shows including "Six Feet Under," "Rome" and "Big Love." Poul says his challenge was to balance the expectations audiences have for this film genre."Because it is a romantic comedy and you know how it is going to end up, so on a certain level the story has to be predictable because you know they are going to end up together," he said. "So it is within that general framework of a romantic comedy that is going to end happily, we create the little moments that catch people by surprise."3. Drive-in Theaters in USAand answer the following questions.1) When did the first drive-in theater open in USA?On June 6, 1933.2) Why did the teenagers like drive-in theaters at that time?They adored the romantic privacy of a dark automobile3) What kept people home despite the attraction of drive-in theaters?The advent of color television and video rentals.Directions: Listen to the passage again and try to summarize the whole report in no more than 5 sentences.The first drive-in movie theater was opened On June 6, 1933 I new York. By 1950, there were 4,000 of these “movies under the stars” across the country. people could bring your cranky baby along without disrupting anyone and teenagers adored the romantic privacy of a dark automobile. The spread of daylight saving time cut into drive-in attendance. The advent of color television and video rentals kept people home as well. It brings people a nostalgic feeling.TapescriptNext Monday would mark a nostalgic anniversary. On June 6, 1933, the world’s first drive-in movie theater opened in Camden, New Jersey.By 1950, there were 4,000 of these “movies under the stars” across the country. Only a couple hundred survive.At the drive-in - or what some of us called “the drive-in picture show” to distinguish it from drive-in restaurants - instead of wedging yourself into a theater seat next to talkative strangers, crying babies and large people blocking your view, you watched a movie on a huge screen from the comfort of your car, side by side with dozens of other autos in a sprawling parking lot.You could bring your cranky baby along without disrupting anyone. Teenagers adored the romantic privacy of a dark automobile, to the point that some media referred to drive-ins as “passion pits.”The movies themselves mostly ranged from family fare to second-rate monster science-fiction, and action thrillers. The sound that squawked out of the little speaker that you attached to your car window was tinny at best.But the concession stand at the “Starlite” or “Hi-Way” or “Sunset” Drive-In did offer a full and fattening menu of fried food, popcorn and sodas. A lot of people smuggled in stronger drinks as well, and it wasn’t unheard of to sneak in a person or two in the trunk, to avoid paying for more tickets.The spread of daylight saving time cut into drive-in attendance, since dusk came late on balmy summer nights and the movie couldn’t start until 9 p.m. or later. The advent of color television and video rentals kept people home as well.When some drive-in owners sought to boost revenue by showing risquémovies, neighbors, parents and police drove them out of business. Other owners sold out to housing and shopping-center developers.Many U.S. cities have tried to recapture the nostalgic feeling of outdoor movies by showing films in parks and pedestrian malls. But patrons sit on blankets, not in their ’54 Chevys.And no one’s writing tunes like the Beach Boys’ "Drive-In" song, which goes, in part: Every time I have a date there's only one place to goThat's to the drive-inIt's such a groovy place to talk and maybe watch a show4. Award-Winning Film Explores Meaning of LifeA Directions: You will hear a report about an award-winning movie. While listeningto it for the first time, write down some key words in the notes column.B Directions: Listen to the report again and decide whether the following statementsare true or false.1) The filmmaker of The Tree of Life, the award-winning film at Cannes, is a formerprofessor of history. ( F ) 2) The father in the movie was proud and oppressive since he has not succeeded in theworld. ( T )3) Jack, the boy in the family, admires his father and loves him. ( F )4) The mother in the film, played by Jessica Chastain, embodies many virtues likegrace, kindness, and altruism. ( T ) 5) In searching the meaning of life, this movie is like all the other movies TerrenceMalick made before. ( F ) Tapescript:The Tree of Life is about the quest to find balance between one's spiritual self and human nature.Filmmaker Terrence Malick, a former professor of philosophy, presents this innate struggle through characters in a suburban American household of the 1950s. The father is proud and oppressive. He struggles inwardly because he has not succeeded in the world. Because of his feelings of inadequacy, he tries to mold his sons to his ideal.Jack is still a boy, but he carries the world on his shoulders. He admires his father but also resents him.For Terrence Malick, the struggle between father and son reflects both the cruelty and beauty of nature. In a twenty minute sequence, the director offers shots of the universe at work, an awesome struggle among natural forces.But there is also grace, kindness and altruism. The mother in the story, played by Jessica Chastain, embodies them.The boy grows up to be a successful, but also conflicted man played by Sean Penn. He struggles as he deals with the loss of his younger brother and the loss of innocence.Brad Pitt's performance is a tour de force. At the Cannes Film Festival, he spoke of the film's spiritual message."And then there is the bigger questions of the impermanence of life that I think we all go through," said Pitt. "I grew up being told that God's going to take care of everything and it doesn't always work out that way, and when it doesn't work out that way then we're told it's God's will. "Religion aside, the film is a treatise on the meaning of life. Its extraordinary visuals, minimal dialogue and meditative music have a subliminal impact on the viewer and allow the audience to search and come to its own conclusion.Some critics have spoken against the film's drawn-out sequences on the evolution of the universe. But Tree of Life won the Palme D'Or at Cannes for good reason. It offers daring cinematography and an excellent cast. And although it carries Terrence Malick's signature, it's unlike anything we've seen before.Part III WatchingDirection: The extract is taken from the 1997 movie Titanic. Watch the video clip and answer the questions.1) Why did Mr. Andrews refuse to make a try to leave the sinking Titanic?Because he felt sorry for he didn’t build a stronger ship.2) Why did Mr. Guggenheim refuse to take the life jacket?Because he was determined to go down as gentlemen clothed in full dress.3) What can you say about the orchestra who played music while others passengers struggled for their lives?The orchestra members played music, intending to calm the passengers, for as long as they possibly could until all went down with the ship. They should be memorized for their heroism.Videoscript—Wait, wait, wait. Mr. Andrews...—Rose.—Won't you even make a try for it?—I’m sorry that l didn't build you a stronger ship, young Rose.—Lt’s going fast. We have to move.—Wait. Good luck to you, Rose.—And to you.—Mr. Guggenheim...These are for you, Mr. Guggenheim.—No, thank you. We are dressed in our best and are prepared to go down as gentlemen. But we would like a brandy.—Capitan. Capitan, where should l go? Please...—(Crewman) Captain!—Captain... Sir.(Orchestra still playing)—Right... That's it, then.—Goodbye, Wally. Good luck.—So long, old chap.(Starts playing “Nearer My God to Thee”)—And so they lived happily together for 300 years in the land of Tir Na Nog. Land of eternal youth and beauty.—There's no t ime! Cut those falls! Cut ’em! Cut ’em if you have to!—I need a knife! I need a knife!—Cut her loose!—Cut those bloody falls!—Gentlemen, it has been a privilege playing with you tonight.Part IV Oral PracticePair workDirections: What kind of movie would you expect to watch in your spare time? What do you want to get from watching such a movie? Work with your partner to talk about your favorite type of movie and offer some examples to illustrate your point. You may follow the dialogue given below or you may just make your own dialogue.Film GenresAction adventure comedy crime historical documentary horror thriller musical sci-fiWar western romance disaster sportsA: Did you watch Saw last night? It was just awesome! I couldn’t help walking into the cinema when I first saw its poster.B: You mean you like that trash? I hate thrillers. They make my hair stand on end all the time. I like romantic movies, especially those with beautiful girls and handsome boys.A: Romances are just silly. I can’t stand those stock love stories…Enrichment readingHollywoodIf a single place-name encapsulates theLA dream of glamour, money andovernight success, it's Hollywood.Millions of tourists arrive on pilgrimages;millions more flock here in pursuit ofriches and glory. Hollywood is a weirdcombination of insatiable optimism andtotal despair. It really does blur the edgesof fact and fiction, simply because somuch seems possible - and yet so little, for most people, actually is. Those who do strike it rich here get out as soon as they can, just as they always have; the big film companies, too, long ago relocated well away, leaving Hollywood in isolation, with prostitution, drug dealing and seedy bookstores as the reality behind the fantasy.The myths, magic, fable and fantasy splattered throughout the few short blocks of Central Hollywood would put a medieval fairytale to shame. A rich sense of nostalgia pervades the area, giving it an appeal no measure of tourists or souvenir postcard stands can diminish. Although you're much more likely to find a porno theater than spot a real star, the decline which blighted Hollywood from the early 1960s is fast receding. Nevertheless the place still gets hairy after dark, withadolescents cruising Hollywood Boulevard in customized cars and occasional petty criminals on the prowl for the odd pocketbook.The natural place to begin exploring Hollywood Boulevard is the junction of Hollywood and Vine - the classic location for budding stars to be “spotted” by big-shot directors and whisked off to fame and fortune. At 6608 Hollywood Blvd., the purple and pink Frederick's of Hollywood has been (under-) clothing Hollywood's sex goddesses since 1947, as well as mortal bodies all over the world via mail order. Inside, the lingerie museum (free) displays some of the company's best corsets, bras and panties, donated by happy big-name wearers ranging from Lana Turner to Cher.A little further on, the Egyptian Theater at No. 6708 was financed by impresario Sid Grauman, in a modest attempt to re-create the Temple of Thebes. The very first Hollywood premiere (Robin Hood) took place here in 1922. Now owned by the city, Grauman's Thebes is currently closed for renovations as part of a three-year plan to restore the fake mummies and hieroglyphics of this temple of cinema to their former glory and remake the theater into a center for film study. No Hollywood visitor will want to miss the mundane yet magical foot and hand prints in the concrete concourse of the 1927 Chinese Theatre at 6925 Hollywood Blvd. Actress Norma Talmadge (supposedly by accident) trod in wet cement while visiting the construction site, and the practice has continued ever since, starting with Mary Pickford and Douglas Fairbanks Sr., at the opening of King of Kings, and recently involving stars such as Al Pacino. Through the halcyon decades, this was the spot for movie first-nights. As for the building, it's an odd western version of a classical Chinese temple, replete with dodgy Chinese motifs and upturned dragon tail flanks.The Roosevelt Hotel opposite was movieland's first luxury hotel, its Cinegrill restaurant hosting the likes of W. C. Fields and F. Scott Fitzgerald, not to mention hangers-on like Ronald Reagan. In 1929 the first Oscars were presented here, beginning the long tradition of Hollywood rewarding itself in the absence of honors from elsewhere.。

Unitone你认为自己是什么样的人，那你就是什么样的人如果你改变想法——从悲观变为乐观——你就可以改变自己的生活卡勒普-撒弗兰[1]你看酒杯是半杯有酒而不是半杯空着的吗?你的眼睛是盯着炸面圈，而不是它中间的孔吗?当研究者们自细观察积极思维的作用时，这些陈辞滥调突然问都成了科学问题。

[2]迅速增多的大量研究工作——迄今已有104个研究项目，涉及大约15000人——证明乐观的态度可以使你更快乐、更健康、更成功。

与此相反，悲观则导致无望、疾病以及失败，并与沮丧、孤独及令人苦恼的腼腆密切相关。

位于休斯敦莱斯大学的心理学家克雷格·A·安德森说：“如果我们能够教会人们更积极地思考，那就如同为他们注射了预防这些心理疾病的疫苗。

”[3]“你的能力固然重要，”匹兹堡的卡内基一梅降大学的心理学家迈克尔·F·沙伊尔说，“但你成功的信念影响到你是否真能成功，”在某种程度上，这是由于乐观者和悲观者以截然不同的方式对待同样的挑战和失望。

[4]以你的工作为例。

宾夕法尼亚大学的心理学家马丁·E·P·塞利棉曼与同事彼得·舒尔曼在一项重要研究中对大都市人寿保险公司的推销员进行了广泛调察。

他们发现，存工龄较长的推销员中，积极思考比消极思考者要多推销37％的保险额。

机新雇用的推销员中，乐观主义者则多销了20％。

[5]公司受到了触动，便雇用了100名虽未通过标准化企业测试但在态度乐观一项得分很高的人。

这些本来可能根本不会被雇用的人售出的保险额高出推销员的平均额10％。

[6]他们是如何做的呢？据塞利格曼说，乐观主义者成功的秘诀就在于他的“解释方式”。

出了问题之后，悲观主义者倾向于自责。

他说：“我不善于做这种事，我总是失败。

”乐观主义者则寻找漏洞，他责怪天气、抱怨电话线路、或者甚至怪罪别人。

他认为，是那个客户当时情绪不好。

当一切顺利时，乐观主义者居功自傲而悲观主义者只把成功视为侥幸。

Unit12A Red Light for scofflawsFrank Trippett弗兰克特里皮特（1926.6.1-1998.6.18）美国纪实小说家，记者，毕业于密西西比大学，其主要作品有《The States, United They Fell 》、《The First Horsemen》、《Child Ellen 》、《Hymning & Hawing About America 》，曾获得全国头条新闻俱乐部，全国律师协会和美国政治学协会的奖项。

•5 parts•（1）Riesman suspects that a majority of Americans have blithely taken to committing supposedly minor derelictions as a matter of course.•(2)Some evidence supporting Riseman.•(3-5)introduce the most flagrant scofflaw -red-light runner.•(6-7)It has always been because ordinary law-abiding citizens took to striking the law •(8)The scofflaw spirit should be controled•It is painfully apparent that millions of Americans who would never think of themselves as lawbreakers,let alone criminals,are taking increasing liberties with the legal codes that are designed to protect and nourish their society.•令人烦恼的是数以百万计的美国人尽管从没有认为自己会违反法律，更不用说是犯罪却正在越来越随意的对待那些专门为保护和造福设计的法律。