diction修辞学学习

Diction (选词法)What is diction?In order to make an accurate and smooth translation, a translator should consider how to find a word or words by which the original idea may be most aptly expressed. Diction, the choice of words and phrases to express meaning, is therefore one of the basic techniques. Diction must be based on the accurate comprehension of the original. The meaning of a word is its use in the language, not only its definitions in the dictionary. A dictionary does not require or forbid a particular sense of a word but records the uses that have beeen found for it. Now and then a word is in the process of acquiring a new sense or somewhat altering its usual one. The dictionary definiton is for the most part a record of the denotation of a word and often cannot give its connotation. Lexicograghers or dictionary compilers agree that in many cases two corresponding words of different language do not always convey exactly the same idea. Words do not have meanings; people have meanings for words. Each word when used in a new context is a new word. Beginners often rigidly adhere to the verbal consistency of words in two languages, while neglecting their contextural consistency. Care should therefore be taken in translating to determine from the context the exact shade of meaning of a word or an expression in the source text and the choice of an appropriate one to express the meaning in the target version.Choice of affective meanings(选择情感意义)Choice of grammatical meaning (选择语法意义)Choice of contextual meaning （选择语境意义）Choice of collocative meaning (选择搭配意义)Choice of stylistic meaning （选择文体意义）Choice of extended meaning (选择引申意义)1.Choice of affective meanings(选择情感意义)Affective meaning refers to what is communicated of the feelings and attitudes of the writer towards the reader. There are basically there types of affective meanings: positive（褒义）, neutral （中性）, and derogatory(贬义).1. Aggressive nations threathen world peace.侵略成性的国家威胁世界和平。

Lesson 4 Diction一、Diction选词Diction means proper choice of words in translation on the basis of accurate comprehension of the original. 二、Polysemy一词多义It means that one word has various parts of speech and various meanings.Faith said, “Each word when used in a new context is a new word.” E.g. runHeavy:～weather , ～crops , ～fog , ～traffic, ～soil恶劣的天气，大丰收，浓雾，拥挤的交通，难耕的土地～sky , ～storm, ～ice, ～road, ～fire阴沉的天空，大风暴，厚冰，泥滑难走的路，猛烈的炮火～heart, ～food, ～sea ～hand, ～bread沉重的心情，难消化的食物，汹涌的大海，严厉的手段，不好的面包～applause, ～look, ～tongue, ～money, ～drinking热烈的鼓掌，忧愁的面容，笨嘴笨舌大笔的钱，狂饮～fighting, ～market ～sound , ～news, ～scene猛烈的进攻，萧条的市场，低沉的声音，令人忧愁的消息，尴尬的场面三、选词的方法1.根据词性确定词义Your account of what happened is not quite right.你对于发生的事情的叙述不太正确。

Go right on until you reach the church.一直往前走，直到你叨叨教堂为止。

It’s my right of way, so that lorry must stop or slow down until I’ve passed it.我有优先通行权。

Use specific words should go along with providing details, and
then there will be effective and impressive writing. Study the following examples:
General It is often windy and dusty here in spring.
“scientists, doctors, teachers, lawyers, journalists”, etc., all of which are more specific. with “physicists or chemists”, which, in turn, is more general than “biochemists”.
If Robert Burns had written “O my love’s a red rose” with the word “like”
omitted he would have used a metaphor instead of a simile. In the changed line, “my love” is also compared to a red rose, but there is no word to indicate the comparison; hence rose is a metaphor.
A student learning to write should learn to use the words
that are most useful and most often used to express him.

❖ 4. Equivalents Interwoven with One Another say, speak, talk, tell 说、讲、谈、诉
❖ 5. Words Without Corresponding Equivalents teenager: 13至19岁的青少年 cyberslacker: 利用工作时间在公司上网、做与工作 无关的事情的雇员
❖ The tasks carried out by them are praiseworthy. ❖ 他们进行的事业是值得赞扬的。
❖ I always considered him calculating and mercenary and did my best to avoid him.
❖ 我一向认为他这个人工于心计又唯利是图，所以总 是尽力设法避开他。
❖ propaganda ： false or partly false information used by a government or political party to make people agree with them.
❖ Publicize: If you publicize a fact or event, you make it widely known to the public.
❖ 词语的选择是指在翻译过程中，基于对源语文 本的精确理解，在目的语中选择恰当的词语或 表达法，使之符合译文语境的表达需要。
Diction (Choice of Words)
❖ “The meaning of a word is its use in the language.” ❖ “Each word, when used in a new context, is a new