2020考研英语阅读“一词多义”：a系列(2).doc

2020年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语一试题Text1(第一段)A group of labour MPs, among them Yvette Cooper, are bringing in the new year with a call to institute a UK “town of culture” award.The proposal is that it should sit alongside the existing city of culture title, which was held by Hull in 2017 and has been awarded to Coventry for 2021.Cooper and her colleagues argue that the success of the crown for Hull, where it brought in ￡220m of investment and an avalanche of arts, ought not to be confined to cities.Britain’town, it is true are not prevented from applying, but they generally lack the resources to put together a bid to beat their bigger competitions.A town of culture award could, it is argued，become an annual event, attractingfunding and creating jobs.(第二段)Some might see the proposal as a booby prize for the fact that Britain is no longer be able to apply for the much more prestigious title of European capital of culture，a sought-after award bagged by Glasgow in 1990 and Liverpool in 2008.A cynic might speculate that the UK is on the verge of disappearing into an endless fever of self-celebration in its desperation to reinvent itself for the post-Brexit world：after town of culture, who knows that will follow—village of culture? Suburb of culture? Hamlet of culture?(第三段)It is also wise to recall that such titles are not a cure-all. A badly run “year of culture” washes in and out of a place like the tide, bringing prominence for a spell but leaving no lasting benefits to the community.The really successful holders of such titles are those that do a great deal more than fill hotel bedrooms and bring in high-profile arts events and good press for a year.They transform the aspirations of the people who live there; they nudge the self-image of the city into a bolder and more optimistic light.It is hard to get right, and requires a remarkable degree of vision, as well as cooperation between city authorities, the private sector, community groups and cultural organisations.But it can be done: Glasgow’s year as European capital of culture can certainly be seen as one of complex series of factors that have turned the city into the power of art, music and theatre that it remains today.(第四段)A “town of culture” could be not just about the arts but about honouring a town’s peculiarities-helping sustain its high street, supporting local facilities and above all celebrating its people and turn it into action.21.Cooper and her colleagues argue that a “town of culture” award could___.[A]consolidate the town-city ties in Britain.[B]promote cooperation among Britain’s towns.[C]increase the economic strength of Britain’s towns.[D]focus Britain’s limited resources on cultural events.22.According to Paragraph 2，the proposal might be regarded by some as__.[A]a sensible compromise. [B]a self-deceiving attempt[C]an eye-cotching bonus. [D]an inaccessible target23.The author suggests that a title holder is successful only if it__.[A]endeavours to maintain its image. [B]meets the aspirations of its people[C]brings its local arts to prominence [D]commits to its long-term growth24.Glasgow is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to present__.[A]a contrasting case [B]a supporting example.[C]a background story [D]a related topic25.What is the author’s attitude towards the proposal？[A]Skeptical [B]Objective [C]Favourable [D]CriticalText2(第一段)Scientific publishing has long been a licence to print money. Scientists need journals in which to publish their research, so they will supply the articles without monetary reward.Other scientists perform the specialised work of peer review also for free, because it is a central element in the acquisition of status and the production of scientific knowledge.(第二段)With the content of papers secured for free, the publisher needs only find a market for its journal.Until this century, university libraries were not very price sensitive. Scientific publishers routinely report profit margins approaching 40% on their operations, at a time when the rest of the publishing industry is in an existential crisis.(第三段)The Dutch giant Elsevier, which claims to publish 25% of the scientific papers produced in the world, made profits of more than ￡900m last year, while UK universities alone spent more than ￡210m in 2016 to enable researchers to access their own publicly funded research: both figures seem to rise unstoppably despite increasingly desperate efforts to change them.(第四段)The most drastic, and thoroughly illegal, reaction has been the emergence of Sci-Hub, a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers, set up in2012, which now claims to offer access to every paywalled article published since 2015.The success of Sci-Hub, which relies on researchers passing on copies they have themselves legally accessed，shows the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among its users and must be transformed so that it works for all participants.(第五段)In Britain the move towards open access publishing has been driven by funding bodies.In some ways it has been very successful. More than half of all British scientific research is now published under open access terms: either freely available from the moment of publication, or paywalled for a year or more so that the publishers can make a profit before being placed on general release.(第六段)Yet the new system has not worked out any cheaper for the universities. Publishers have responded to the demand that they make their product free to readers by charging their writers fees to cover the costs of preparing an article.These range from around ￡500 to $5,000. A report last year pointed out that the costs both of subscriptions and of these “article preparation costs”had been steadily rising at a rate above inflation.In some ways the scientific publishing model resembles the economy of the social internet: labour is provided free in exchange for the hope of status，while huge profits are made by a few big firms who run the market places. In both cases,we need a rebalancing of power.26.Scientific publishing is seen as “a licence to print money” partly because___.[A]its content acquisition costs nothing[B]its marketing strategy has been successful[C]its payment for peer review is reduced[D]its funding has enjoyed a steady increase27.According to Paragraphs 2 and 3, scientific publishers Elsevier have____.[A]financed researchers generously[B]gone through an existential crisis[C]revived the publishing industry[D]thrived mainly on university libraries28. How does the author feel about the success of Sci-Hub?[A] Relieved [B] Concerned [C] Puzzled [D]Encouraged29. It can be learned from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that open access terms____[A] free universities from financial burdens[B] render publishing much easier for scientists[C]reduce the cost of publication substantially[D] allow publishers some room to make money30. Which of the following characterises the scientific publishing model?[A] Trial subscription is offered [B] Labour triumphs over status[C] The few feed on the many [D] Costs are well controlledText3(第一段)Progressives often support diversity mandates as a path to equality and a way to level the playing field.But all too often such policies are an insincere form of virtue-signaling that benefits only the most privileged and does little to help average people.(第二段)A pair of bills sponsored by Massachusetts state Senator Jason Lewis and House Speaker Pro Tempore Patricia Haddad, to ensure “gender parity” on boards and commissions, provide a case in point.(第三段)Haddad and Lewis are concerned that more than half the state-government boards are less than 40 percent female. In order to ensure that elite women have more such opportunities.they have proposed imposing government quotas. If the bills become law, state boards and commissions will be required to set aside 50 percent of board seats for women by 2022.(第四段)The bills are similar to a measure recently adopted in California, which last year became the first state to require gender quotas for private companies.In signing the measure. California Governor Jerry Brown admitted that the law, which expressly classifies people on the basis of sex, is probably unconstitutional.(第五段)The US Supreme Court frowns on sex-based classifications unless theyare designed to address an “important” policy interest, Because the California law applies to all boards, even where there is no history of prior discrimination, courts are likely to rule that the law violates the constitutional guarantee of “equal protection”.(第六段)But are such government mandates even necessary? Female participation on corporate boards may not currently mirror the percentage of women in the general population. but so what?(第七段)The number of women on corporate boards has been steadily increasing without government interference.According to a study by Catalyst, between 2010 and 2015 the share of women on the boards of global corporations increased by 54 percent.(第八段)Requiring companies to make gender the primary qualification for board membership will inevitably lead to less experienced private sector boards.That is exactly what happened when Norway adopted a nationwide corporate gender quota.(第九段)Writing in The New Republic, Alice Lee notes that increasing the number of opportunities for board membership without increasing the pool of qualified women to serve on such boards has led to a “golden skirt” phenomenon, where the same elite women scoop up multiple seats on a variety of boards.(第十段)Next time somebody pushes corporate quotas as a way to promote gender equity，remember that such policies are largely self-serving measures that make their sponsors feel good but do little to help average women.31.The author believes that the bills sponsored by Lewis and Haddad will____[A]help little to reduce gender bias[B]pose a threat to the state government[C] raise women’s position in politics[D]greatly broaden career options32.Which of the following is true of the California measure？[A]It has irritated private business owners[B]It is welcomed by the Supreme Court[C]It may go against the Constitution[D]It will settle the prior controversies33.The author mentions the study by Catalyst to illustrate____[A]the harm from arbitrary board decision[B]the importance of constitutional guarantees[C]the pressure on women in global corporations.[D]the needlessness of government interventions34.Norway’s adoption of a nationwide corporate gender quota has led to___.[A]the underestimation of elite women’s role.[B]the objection to female participation on boards.[C]the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.[D]the growing tension between labor and management.35. Which of the following can be inferred from the text？[A]Women’s need in employment should be considered.[B]Feasibility should be a prime concern in policymaking.[C]Everyone should try hard to promote social justice.[D]Major social issues should be the focus of legislation.Text4(第一段)Last Thursday，the French Senate passed a digital services tax，which would impose an entirely new tax on large multinationals that provide digital services to consumers or users in France.Digital services include everything from providing a platform for selling goods and services online to targeting advertising based on user data，and the tax applies to gross revenue from such services.Many French politicians and media outlets have referred to this as a “GAFA tax,”meaning that it is designed to apply primarily to companies such as Google, Apple, Facebook and Amazon—in other words，multinational tech companies based in the United States.(第二段)The digital services tax now awaits the signature of President Emmanuel Macron，who has expressed support for the measure，and it could go into effect within the next few weeks.But it has already sparked significant controversy, with the Unite Sates trade representative opening an investigation into whether the tax discriminates against American companies, which in turn could lead to trade sanctions against France.(第三段)The digital services tax now awaits the signature of President Emmanuel Macron, who has expressed support for the measure, and it could go into effect within the next few weeks.But it has already sparked significant controversy, with the Unite Sates trade representative opening an investigation into whether the tax.discriminates against American companies, which in turn could lead to trade sanctions against France.(第四段)The French tax is not just a unilateral move by one country in need of revenue.Instead, the digital services tax is part of a much larger trend, with countries over the past few years proposing or putting in place an alphabet soup of new international tax provisions.These have included Britain’s DPT (diverted profits tax), Australia’s MAAL (multinational antiavoidance law), and India’s SEP (significant economic presence) test, to name but a few.At the same time, the European Union, Spain, Britain and several other countries have all seriously contemplated digital services taxes.(第五段)These unilateral developments differ in their specifics, but they are all designed to tax multinationals on income and revenue that countries believe they should have a right to tax, even if international tax rules do not grant them that right.In other words, they all share a view that the international tax system has failed tokeep up with the current economy.(第六段)In response to these many unilateral measures, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) is currently working with 131 countries to reach a consensus by the end of 2020 on an international solution.Both France and the United States are involved in the organization’s work, but France’s digital services tax and the American response raise questions about what the future holds for the international tax system.(第七段)France’s planned tax is a clear warming:Unless a broad consensus can be reached on reforming the international tax system，other nations are likely to follow suit，and American companies will face a cascade of different taxes fromdozens of nations that will prove burdensome and costly.36.The French Senate has passed a bill to_____.[A]regulate digital services platforms.[B]protect French companies’ interests[C]impose a levy on tech multinationals[D]curb the influence of advertising37.It can be learned from Paragraph 2 that the digital services tax____.[A]may trigger countermeasures against France[B]is apt to arouse criticism at home and abroad[C]aims to ease international trade tensions[D]will prompt the tech giants to quit France38.The countries adopting the unilateral measures share the opinion that____.[A]redistribution of tech giants’ revenue must be ensured.[B]the current international tax system needs upgrading.[C]tech multinationals’ monopoly should be prevented.[D]all countries ought to enjoy equal taxing rights.39.It can be learned from Para 5 that the OECD’s current work____.[A] is being resisted by US companies[B] needs to be readjusted immediately[C]is faced with uncertain prospects[D]needs to in involve more countries40.Which of the following might be the best title for this text？[A] France Is Confronted with Trade Sanctions[B]France leads the charge on Digital Tax[C]France Says “NO” to Tech Multinationals[D] France Demands a Role in the Digital Economy。

........................优质文档..........................2020年英语（二）考研真题及参考答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)Being a good parents is of course,what every parent would like to be.But defining what it means to be a good parent is undoubtedly very_____(1),particularly since children respond differently to the same style of parenting.A calm, rule-following child might respond better to a different sort of parenting than_____(2), a younger sibling._____(3),There's another sort of parent that s a bit easier to_____(4)a patient parent.Children of every age benefit from patient parenting.Still,_____(5)every parent would like to be patient,this is no easy_____(6).Sometimes parents get exhausted and frustrated and are unable to maintain a _____(7)and composed style with their kids.I understand this.You're only human,and sometimes your kids can_____(8)you just a little too far.And then the_____(9)happens:You lose your patience and either scream at your kids or say something that was a bit too_____(10)and does nobody any good.You wish that you could_____(11)the clock and start over,we've all been there._____(12),even though it's common,it's important to keep in mind that in a single moment of fatigue.you can say something to your child that you may _____(13)for a long time.This may not only do damage to your relationship with. your child but also_____(14)your child's self-esteem.If you consistently lose your_____(15)with your kids.then you are inadvertently modeling a lack of emotional control for your kids.We are all becoming increasingly aware of the_____(16)of modeling tolerance and patience for the younger generation. This is a skill that will help them all throughout life.In fact,the ability to emotionally regulate or maintain emotional control when_____(17)by stress is one of the most important of all life's skills.Certainly,it's incredibly_____(18)to maintain patience at all times with your children.A more practical goal is to try to the best of your ability,to be as tolerant and composed as you can when faced with_____(19)situations involving your children.I can promise you this:As a result of working toward this goal.you and your children will benefit and_____(20)from stressful moments feeling better physically and emotionally.1.A tedious B pleasant C instructive D tricky2.A in addition B for example C at once D by accident3.A fortunately B occasionally C accordingly D eventually4.A amuse B assist C describe D train5.A while B because C unless D once6.A answer B task C choice D access7.A tolerant B formal C rigid D critical8.A move B drag C push D send9.A mysterious B illogical C suspicious D inevitable10.A boring B naive C harsh D vague11.A turn back B take apart C set aside D cover up12.A overall B instead C however D otherwise13.A like B miss C believe D regret14.A raise B affect C justify D reflect15.A time B bond C race D cool16.A nature B secret C importance D context17.A cheated B defeated C confused D confronted18.A terrible B hard C strange D wrong19.A trying B changing C exciting D surprising20.A hide B emerge C withdraw D escapeSectionⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40points)Text1Rats and other animals need to be highly at tuned to social signals from others so that can identify friends to cooperate with and enemies to avoid.To find out if this extends to non-living beings,Loleh Quinn at the University of California,San Diego, and her colleagues tested whether rats can detect social signals form robotic rats.They housed eight adult rats with two types of robotic rat-one social and one asocial for5our days.The robots rats were quite minimalist,resembling a chunkier version of a computer mouse with wheels-to move around and colorful markings.During the experiment,the social robot rat followed the living rats around, played with the same toys,and opened caged doors to let trapped rats escape. Meanwhile,the asocial robot simply moved forwards and backwards and side to side Next,the researchers trapped the robots in cages and gave the rats the opportunity to release them by pressing a lever.Across18trials each,the living rats were52percent more likely on average to set the social robot free than the asocial one.This suggests that the rats perceived the social robot as a genuine social being.They may have bonded more with the social robot because it displayed behaviours like communal exploring and playing.This could lead to the rats better remembering having freed it earlier,and wanting the robot to return the favour when they get trapped,says Quinn.The readiness of the rats to befriend the social robot was surprising given its minimal design.The robot was the same size as a regular rat but resembled a simple plastic box on wheels.“We'd assumed we'd have to give it a moving head and tail,facial features,and put a scene on it to make it smell like a real rat,but that wasn’t necessary,”says Janet Wiles at the University of Queensland in Australia,who helped with the research.The finding shows how sensitive rats are to social cues,even when they come from basic robots.Similarly,children tend to treat robots as if they are fellow beings, even when they display only simple social signals.“We humans seem to be fascinated by robots,and it turns out other animals are too,”says Wiles.21.Quin and her colleagues conducted a test to see if rats can________[A]pick up social signals from non-living rats[B]distinguish a friendly rat from a hostile one[C]attain sociable traits through special training[D]send out warning messages to their fellow22.What did the social robot do during the experiment?[A]It followed the social robot.[B]It played with some toys.[C]It set the trapped rats free.[D]It moved around alone.23.According to Quinn,the rats released the social robot because they________[A]tried to practice a means of escape[B]expected it to do the same in return[C]wanted to display their intelligence[D]considered that an interesting game24.James Wiles notes that rats________[A]can remember other rat's facial features[B]differentiate smells better than sizes[C]respond more to cations than to looks[D]can be scared by a plastic box on wheels25.It can be learned from the text that rats________[A]appear to be adaptable to new surroundings[B]are more socially active than other animals[C]behave differently from children in socializing[D]are more sensitive to social cues than expectedText2It is true that CEO pay has gone up-top ones may make300times the pay of typical workers on average,and since the mid-1970s CEO pay for large publicly traded American corporations has,by varying estimates,gone up by about500%The typical CEO of a top American corporation now makes about S18.9million a year.The best model for understanding the growth of CEO pay is that of limited CEO talent in a world where business opportunities for the top firms are growing rapidly. The efforts of America's highest-earning1%have been one of the more dynamic elements of the global economy.It's not popular to say,but one reason their pay has gone up so much is that CEOs really have upped their game relative to many other workers in the U.S.economy.Today's CEO,at least for major American firms,must have many mere skills than simply being able to“run the company"CEOs must have a good sense of financial markets and maybe even how the company should trade in them.They also need better public relations skills than their predecessors,as the costs of even a minor slipup can be significant.Then there's the fact that large American companies are much more globalized than ever before,with supply chains spread across a larger number of countries.To lead in that system requires knowledge that is farly mind-boggling plus,virtually all major American companies are beyond this major CEOs still have to do all the day-to-day work they have always done.The common idea that high CEO pay is mainly about ripping people off doesn't explain history very well.By most measures,corporate governmance has become a lot tighter and more rigorous since the1970s.Yet it is principally during this period of stronger govemnance that CEO pay has been high and rising.That suggests it is in the broader corporate interest to recruit top candidates for increasingly tough jobs.”Furthermore,the highest CEO salaries are paid to outside candidates,not to the cozy insider picks,another sign that high CEO pay is not some kind of depredation at the expense of the rest of the company.And the stock market reacts positively when companies tie CEO pay to,say,stock prices,a sign that those practices build up corporate value not just for the CEO.26.Which of the following has contributed to CEO pay rise?[A]The growth in the number of corporations[B]The general pay rise with a better economy[C]Increased business opportunities for top firms[D]Close cooperation among leading economiespared with their predecessors,today's CEOs are required to______[A]foster a stronger sense of teamwork[B]finance more research and development[C]establish closer ties with tech companies[D]operate more globalized companies28.CEO pay has been rising since the1970s despite______[A]continual internal opposition[B]strict corporate governance[C]conservative business strategies[D]Repeated government warnings29.High CEO pay can be justified by the fact that it helps______[A]confirm the status of CEOs[B]motivate inside candidates[C]boost the efficiency of CEOs[D]increase corporate value30.The most suitable title for this text would be______[A]CEOs Are Not Overpaid[B]CEO Pay:Past and Present[C]CEOs'challenges of Today[D]CEO Traits:Not Easy to DefineText3Madrid was hailed as a public health beacon last November when it rolled out ambitious restrictions on the most polluting cars.Seven months and one election day later,a new conservative city council suspended enforcement of the clean air zone,a first step toward its possible demise.Mayor Jose Luis Martinez-Almeida made opposition to the zone a centrepiece of his election campaign,despite its success in improving air quality.A judge has now overruled the city's decision to stop levying fines,ordering them reinstated.But with legal battles ahead,the zone's future looks uncertain at best.Among other weaknesses,the measures cities must employ when left to tackle dirty air on their own are politically contentious,and therefore vulnerable.That s because they inevitably put the costs of cleaning the air on to individual drivers一who must pay fees or buy better vehicles一rather than on to the car manufacturers whose cheating is the real cause of our toxic pollution.It's not hard to imagine a similar reversal happening in London.The new ultra-low emission zone(Ulez)is likely to be a big issue in next year's mayoral election.And if Sadiq Khan wins and extends it to the North and South Circular roads in2021as he intends,it is sure to spark intense opposition from the far larger number of motorists who will then be affected.It's not that measures such as London's Ulez are useless.Far from it.Local officials are using the levers that are available to them to safeguard residents'health in the face of a serious threat.The zones do deliver some improvements to air quality, and the science tells us that means real health benefits-fewer heart attacks,strokes and premature births,less cancer,dementia and asthma.Fewer untimely deaths.But mayors and councillors can only do so much about a problem that is far bigger than any one city or town.They are acting because national governments一Britain s and others across Europe-have failed to do so.Restrictions that keep highly polluting cars out of certain areas-city centres,。

2020考研英语阅读“一词多义”：c系列(1) 考研英语有许多题目组成，方便大家及时了解，下面由我为你精心准备了“2020考研英语阅读“一词多义”：c系列(1)”，持续关注本站将可以持续获取更多的考试资讯!2020考研英语阅读“一词多义”：c系列(1)26.foster, nurture, cultivate培养27.careful,cautious, attentive, prudent谨慎的28.carry,convey, transfer, transport运输29.catch, seize,grasp, grip, capture, hold抓住30.cause, bring about, give rise to, evoke,lead to, result in导致31.cease, pause,stop, halt, quit停止32.change, alter,modify, remold, reshape, vary, convert, transform改变33.chaos,disorder, confusion混乱34.characteristic,feature, mark, trait特点35.charge, cost, expense, expenditure, fare, fee,price费用36.chase, pursue,seek追求37.cheat,deceive, trick, fool欺骗38.cheerful,glad, happy, joyful开心的39.chief, principal, main, major, leading, foremost,primary 主要的40.choice,alternative, option, selection, election选择41.circumstance,context, situation情况42.cite, quote引用43.citizen, civilian, inhabitant, resident市民，居民44.civilization,culture文化，文明45.embrace, include, encompass包含46.climate,weather天气，气候47.clothes,clothing, coat, dress, garment, robe, gown, uniform, costume, suit衣服48.collaborate,cooperate合作49.collapse,fall坍塌50.connect, join, link, acquire, merger,consolidation, concentration, integration, combination合并2020考研英语阅读“一词多义”：b系列1.belief,faith, confidence, conviction, credit, trust信任，信念2.below,beneath, under, underneath, down在...之下3.beneficial,advantageous, profitable, favorable有益的4.besides, but,except for, 除了...5.bewilder, confuse, embarrass,puzzle, perplex迷惑6.biased, partial, prejudiced偏见的7.bind, tie,fasten系紧8.bit, piece,sheet, slice, fragment, scrap一片9.blame, accuse, condemn, reproach, scold, denounce责备10.blank, empty,vacant空11.block, bar,hinder, obstruct, prevent, hamper阻碍12.blunder,mistake, error, slip, fault错误13.bold, brave, courageous, daring, heroic,fearless,agressive勇敢的14.boring,tedious, tiresome无聊的15.bother, disturb, trouble, annoy, irritate打扰16.boundary,border, frontier边界17.break, burst, crack, crush, fracture, smash,destroy, ruin, wreck, damage, spoil破坏18.bright,brilliant,clever, wise, intelligent, ingenious, smart, shrewd聪明的19.brittle, fragile, vulnerable, feeble, weak, besusceptible to, besubject to脆弱的20.bruise, hurt,injury, wound, injure, impair受伤21.build,construct, found, erect, establish, fabricate建立22.bump, clash,collide, conflict冲突23.busy,engaged, occupied忙碌的24.but, however, , yet, nevertheless, while, whereas然而25.calculate, compute, count, estimate计算2020考研英语阅读“一词多义”：a系列(3)61. 祖先ancestor, forefather, predecessor62. 痛苦anger, indignation, temper, rage, fury,outrage,grievance ,irritated, annoy64. 焦虑anxiety,worry, care, concern, upset, depressed,65. 设备apparatus, instrument, device,equipment, tool, implement, appliance66. 明显的apparent, evident, obvious, clear, distinct, plain,conspicuous67. 出现appear, emerge, turn up, come being, loom68. 应用application, usage, utilize, employ, take advantage of69. 合适的appropriate, fit, proper, suitable70. 争论argue,debate, dispute, quarrel, discuss, reason, controversy72. 抓住arrest, capture, catch, seize,trap73. 假的，人造的artificial, false, synthetic, man-made, fake, unnatural75. 屈辱，丢人的ashamed, shameful, humiliated79. 同伴companion, company, colleague, fellow,partner80. 认为assume, deem,hold, deduce, suppose, presume86. 律师attorney, lawyer88. 增加augment, expand, increase, surge,soar, go up, rocket, sky-rocket89. 自治autonomous, independent, self-governing90. 可利用的available, accessible100. 重要的essential, fundamental, radical, vital, significant,crucial, critical, important, significant 104. 开始begin, commence, start, initiate, launch。

考研英语一词多义总结前言大家虽然费了很大力气才记住一些单词，在考试中却往往起不到作用。

其实，任何人如果能够多了解一些英语语言学的基础知识，便可以对这种情况有比较清楚的认识。

英语语义学将一个单词的含义划分为七个层面，普通英汉词典中给出的往往只是单词的概念意义（ conceptual meaning ），或者至多也不过是供参考和选择的潜在语意，即脱离了使用场合后的基本含义，其目的只是为了方便学习者对单词进行记忆。

但大家都很明白，单词一旦脱离使用环境就不再具有任何实际意义了。

另外，从词源学角度讲，每个单词在特定时期通常只有一个主导含义。

考研英语考试中选取的语篇基都是最新材,因此词汇含义当然也是最新的，有些甚至市面上通行的词典还未来得及收录。

针对这种情况，笔者特意为考生编制了这个一词多义总结。

名为多义，实际上除了个别意义确实较多的单词外，大部分还是一义，即这些单词在近年考试真题中出现时的最主要含义（有些条目指的是注释中带有下划线的部分）。

当然，如果某些单词的常用含义确实不止一个，我们也基于语用学的基本原则为大家指出这些含义所使用的场合（为使考生理解得更加准确，个别单词甚至附上其英语解释）。

例子:1.If you then examined the European national youth teams that feed the World Cup and professional ranks,you would find this strange phenomenon to be even more pronounced.2.There are upsetting parallels today, as scientists in one wave after another try to awaken us to the growingthreat of global warming3.The wear-and-tear that comes from these longer relationships can be quite devastating.4.Managers have been more than willing to adjust team uniforms to fit the growing numbers of bigger, longerframes.5.Thomas Jefferson had fathered at least one child with his slave Sally Hemings.6.Works by Gore Vidal, Henry Wiencek, and Garry Wills reveal the fragile nature of the country's infancy.7.This “ added-worker effect” could support the safety net to help families weather bad times.8.trading much or all of their guaranteed payments for payments depending on investment9.bosses and boards have finally sorted out their worst accounting and compliance troubles.10.For younger families, the picture is not any better.11.This is “t he democratizing uniformity of dress and discourse12.The large, slow-growing animals were easy game.13.A bill by Democratic Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia is a promising start.14.Americans no longer expect public figuresto command the English language with skill and gift.15.On the day after we send our messages, we see a sharp increase in our traffic.正文部分•above / beyond: 介词，后面接抽象而不是具体名词时表示“无法做到”，例如：“ above comprehension ”的意思是“无法理解”。

考研英语阅读常见一词多义act, appeal, assume, claim, discipline, fair, figure, feature, issue, note1) Actn. ①法案, 法令②动作, 举动③节目, (戏剧的) 幕v. ①行动, 产生...的效果②担当③表演, 表现, 见效(07-01) this success, coupled with later research showing that memory itself is not genetically determined, led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one. （名）行为这一成功，连同后来证明的记忆本身不是遗传决定的研究，使得埃里克森得出结论，即记忆过程是一种认知练习，而不是一种本能练习。

(07-04) Regulators will act if firms fail to provide adequate data security.（动）行动如果公司没有提供适当的信息安全保护措施，那么监管人员就会采取行动。

(06-01) this turned shopping into a public and democratic act. （名）行为这使得购物成为一种大众的、民主的行为(96-02) The commercial TV channels — ITV and Channel 4 — were required by the Thatcher Government's Broadcasting Act to become more commercial, competing with each other for advertisers, and cutting costs and jobs. （名）法案商业电视频道——ITV和第四频道——应撒切尔政府广播法案的要求进行商业化，彼此竞争广告业务，降低成本，裁减员工。

2020考研英语阅读试题常见“一词多义”：a系列很多考研考生表示英语词汇不认识，其实并不是真正意义上不认识而是考查的英语词汇并不是常用的意义。

所以同学们在日常复习不要死记硬背英语词汇，一定要在理解的基础上掌握英语词汇。

1.放弃abandon,desert,leave,discard,give up2.压缩，缩写abbreviate,compress,condense,shorten3.遵守abide,comply,follow,obey4.能力ability,capacity,capability,genius,talent,faculty,gift，able, capable,qualified6.不规律abnormal,irregular,unusual7.废除abolish,cancel,delete,eliminate,terminate,doawaywith8.吸收absorb,fascinate,attract9.荒谬的absurd,foolish,ridiculous10.充足的abundant,plentiful,rich,adequate enough sufficient11.滥用abuse,curse,insult12.接受，采纳accept,admit adopt13.途径access,approach14.事故accident,incident,event,occurrence,happening15.欢呼acclaim,applaud,cheer,clap17.陪伴accompany,follow,escort,go with18.完成accomplish,achieve,finish,complete,fullfill20.结果accordingly,consequently,hence,so,therefore,thus22.积累accumulate,assemble,collect,gather,heap,pile23.精确accurate,exact,precise,correct24.控诉accuse,charge,condemn,prosecute27.承认acknowledge,accept,admit,confess,recognize29.获得acquire,obtain,gain,get,win,earn,secure,attain30.行动，行为act,action,deed,operation,performance behavior31.活跃的active,energetic,vigorous33.真的actual,positive,real,true34.额外的additional,extra,supplementary35.演讲，讲话address,speech,lecture,report,talk37.改变alter,modify,change,shift,transform,switch,ajust,revise,vary38.管理administer,control,govern,manage,rule,supervise39.崇拜admire,adore,appreciate,worship,honour,respect,40.成人adult,grown-up,mature42.有点advantage,benefit,interest,favor,profit,gain43.建议advice,opinion,suggestion,propose,recommendation,view48.害怕afraid,fearful,awful,dreadful,frightful,terrible,horrible, terrific,appalling,timid,scared52.痛苦agony,anguish,pain,suffering,grief,misery,distress,sorrow54.恐慌alarm,fright,horror,panic,terror,dread,startle,terrify,scare, intimidate56.相似alike,similar,identical,assimilating58.常常always,often,usually,frequently,repeatedly,regularly61.祖先ancestor,forefather,predecessor62.痛苦anger,indignation,temper,rage,fury,outrage,grievance,irritated, annoy64.焦虑anxiety,worry,care,concern,upset,depressed,65.设备apparatus,instrument,device,equipment,tool,implement,appliance66.明显的apparent,evident,obvious,clear,distinct,plain,conspicuous67.出现appear,emerge,turn up,come being,loom68.应用application,usage,utilize,employ,take advantage of69.合适的appropriate,fit,proper,suitable70.争论argue,debate,dispute,quarrel,discuss,reason,controversy72.抓住arrest,capture,catch,seize,trap73.假的，人造的artificial,false,synthetic,man-made,fake,unnatural75.屈辱，丢人的ashamed,shameful,humiliated79.同伴companion,company,colleague,fellow,partner80.认为assume,deem,hold,deduce,suppose,presume86.律师attorney,lawyer88.增加augment,expand,increase,surge,soar,go up,rocket,sky-rocket89.自治autonomous,independent,self-governing90.可利用的available,accessible100.重要的essential,fundamental,radical,vital,significant,crucial, critical,important,significant104.开始begin,commence,start,initiate,launch。

2020考研英语阅读基本词汇解析patent ['pt()nt] 本文中作名词“专利权”n. 专利权执照专利品adj. 专利的新奇的显然的vt. 授予专利取得…的专利权grant sb. a patent for 授予……专利权“one-click” online payment system一键式在线支付系统allocation [l'ke()n]n. 分配，配置安置asset allocation 资产配置patent a technique for sth. 授予一项技术专利权(注：本句中patent作动词“授予专利”)top patent court 高专利法庭ready to 准备好做scale back相对应缩减按比例缩减缩小规模controversial [kntr'v()l]adj. 有争议的有争论的authorize ['：&thetaraiz]vt. 批准，认可授权给委托代替move 本文中作名词“举动，举措”have sb. sth.使某人…intellectual-property 知识产权abuzz ['bz] 本文中指律师们“议论纷纷”adj. 嗡嗡的嘁嘁喳喳的表现忙碌状况(的)议论纷纷(的)U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit 美国联邦巡回上诉法院conduct ['kndkt] 本文中作动词“展开，实行”n. 实行行为实施vi. 导电带领vt. 管理引导表现review [r'vju] 本文中作名词“复审”n. 回顾复习评论检讨检阅vt. 回顾检查复审vi. 回顾复习功课写评论conduct a broad review 展开广泛的复审as … is known正如人们所知道的a very big deal一件非常重要的事情have the potential to do有可能会eliminate ['lmnet]vt. 消除排除an entire class of 一整类business-method claims 商业方法专利申请dramatic [dr'mtk] 本文中引申为“巨大的，突然的”adj. 戏剧的急剧的引人注目的激动人心的about-face ['baut,feis] 本文中作名词“大转变，彻底改变”n. 向后转转回原来方向(立场、观点等)彻底改变vi. 向后转改变主张so-called [,s'k：ld]adj. 所谓的号称的State Street Bank case道富银行案approving a patent 经过一项专利pool [pul] 本文中作动词“集中(资金)”n. 联营撞球水塘共同资金vt. 合伙经营vi. 联营，合伙经营mutual-fund assets共有基金资产ruling ['rul] 本文中作名词“裁决，裁定”n. 统治，支配裁定adj. 统治的主要的支配的流行的，普遍的explosion [k'spl()n] 本文中作名词“激增”n. 爆炸爆发激增filing n.存档归案，归档记录initially ['n()l]adv. 最初，首先开头emerging [i'm：di]adj. 新兴的出现的形成的stake out 宣布exclusive [k'sklusv] 本文中作形容词“独有的”n. 新闻经营的项目排外者adj. 独有的排外的专一的stake out exclusive rights to 宣布对……的独占权transaction [trn'zk()n]n. 交易事务办理会报，学报established companies 老牌公司race to 争相做defensive move against 针对……的防卫措施rival n.竞争对手beat sb. to the punch抢在别人之前，先下手为强issue patents授予专利question v.质疑legal basis 法律依据practice n.惯例，做法hedge [hed]v. 用树篱笆围住避免作正面答复n. 对冲，套期保值树篱障碍hear a case听审(审理)案件a panel of three三人听审团evaluate ['vljet]vt. 评价估价求…的值vi. 评价估价reconsider [rikn'sd]vt. 重新考虑重新审议vi. 重新考虑in the wake of 随着……之后到来a series of 一系列patent holders专利持有者signal ['sgn()l] 本文中作动词“表达，表示”n. 信号暗号导火线adj. 显著的作为信号的vt. 标志用信号通知表示vi. 发信号uphold [p'hld] 本文中指“法院维持原判”vt. 支撑鼓励赞成举起react to 作出反应anti-patent trend 反专利趋势attorney ['tn]n. 律师代理人检查官restriction [r'strk()n]n. 限制约束束缚comply with符合dismiss [ds'ms]vt. 解散解雇开除让...离开不予理会、不予考虑vi. 解散be immune to对…有免疫力不受…的影响esteem for为…而尊敬(某人)the incidence of……的发生率looming ['lum]adj. 隐隐约约的正在逼近的prevailing trend主要趋势，流行趋势，潮流。

2020考研英语一阅读text2Title: Analysis of 2020 Postgraduate English Reading Text 2Text 2 of the 2020 postgraduate English exam reading section is a coherent and well-structured scientific article discussing the relationship between emotion, cognition, and perception. The text delves into the concept of emotion-induced blindness, where strong emotions can hinder perception and cognition.The article begins by introducing the phenomenon of emotion-induced blindness and the impact it has on individuals' cognitive processes. It highlights the dual nature of emotion, pointing out how emotions can enhance or impair cognitive functions depending on the situation.The text then goes on to discuss the underlying mechanisms of emotion-induced blindness, highlighting how emotional arousal can influence attentional control and reduce the processing of peripheral stimuli. The article emphasizes the role of the amygdala in modulating attention and how heightened emotional states can lead to a narrowed focus on central stimuli.Furthermore, the text explores the implications of emotion-induced blindness on everyday life, suggesting thatemotional states play a crucial role in shaping perception and cognitive processing. It discusses how individuals' emotional states can impact their ability to focus on important tasks and make decisions effectively.In conclusion, Text 2 of the 2020 postgraduate English exam reading section provides valuable insights into the complex interplay between emotion, cognition, and perception. It sheds light on the ways in which emotions can both enhance and impair cognitive functions, offering a nuanced understanding of human behavior.Overall, this article serves as a thought-provoking piece that encourages readers to consider the influence of emotions on their cognitive processes and decision-making abilities. It underscores the importance of emotional regulation in maintaining optimal cognitive performance and highlights the need for further research in this area.。

2020 年研究生入学统一考试试题（英语一）答案及解析Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)今年完形填空的难度较前两年略难，虽然话题不难理解，但不易把握上下文的线索。

需要对文章内容有全面和精准的把握才能做好。

主要内容讲的是虽然烤肉之类的食品是会对健康带来危害，我们对这些健康方面的危言耸听也不可过度恐慌。

属于比较生活的话题。

下面我们一起来看一下答案及解析。

1.【答案】C On【解析】此处考察介词词义辨析。

On a cold winter's day 意思是在一个寒冷冬日。

介词on 后加具体的某一天；in 后加一段时间，例如in winter，in 2002；toward 表方向，不与时间搭配；till 意思是直到，例如till tomorrow，till next week，与句意不符。

故正确答案为on。

2.【答案】A match【解析】此处考察动词词义辨析。

文章的首段首句提到：即使家庭成员不太可能经常坐下来一起吃饭，但数百万英国人将在这个周末参加这个国家最伟大的传统活动之一：星期日烤肉。

On a cold winter's day, few culinary pleasures can 2 it. 在一个寒冷的冬日，很少有什么乐趣与之匹配。

match 匹配。

express 表达。

satisfy 满足，满意；确信；符合。

influence 影响。

3.【答案】B enjoyment【解析】此处考察上下文逻辑关系。

上文说到星期日烤肉是一项开心的活动。

后文Yet 进行语义转折：然而正如现在报道的那样，食品卫生部门认为这种 3 会导致另一种有罪的快乐 4 损害我们的健康。