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艾滋病的全球流行状况艾滋病（Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome，简称AIDS）是由人类免疫缺陷病毒（Human Immunodeficiency Virus，简称HIV）感染引起的一种全球性传染病。
本文将对艾滋病的全球流行状况进行介绍。
一、全球流行情况自20世纪80年代艾滋病首次被发现以来，其感染范围逐渐扩大，已成为全球卫生领域的重点关注对象。
根据世界卫生组织（World Health Organization，简称WHO）的数据显示，截至2020年底，全球艾滋病感染人数超过3800万，其中近九成感染者生活在发展中国家。
一些地区的艾滋病疫情尤为严重。
撒哈拉以南非洲是全球艾滋病感染率最高的地区，约占全球感染人数的70%。
此外，东欧、亚洲和拉丁美洲等地区的感染人数也有不断增加的趋势。
二、传播途径艾滋病主要通过以下途径传播：1.性传播：性行为是最主要的传播途径，其中不安全的性行为（如无保护性行为、多次性伴侣等）是主要风险因素之一。
2.血液传播：血液传播主要是通过注射毒品使用、输血或血制品感染、医疗操作不当等途径。
3.垂直传播：孕妇感染艾滋病病毒可能通过妊娠、分娩或母乳喂养将病毒传给婴儿。
三、防控措施防控艾滋病需要采取多种综合措施，包括以下几个方面：1.宣传教育：加强对公众的艾滋病知识宣传，提高公众的艾滋病防范意识和行为变化。
2.安全措施：推广安全性行为知识，鼓励使用安全套，降低性传播风险；加强血液安全管理，确保输血安全。
3.艾滋病筛查：加强艾滋病病毒的筛查，早期发现感染者并及时进行干预和治疗，阻断病毒传播链。
4.禁毒宣传：加强对非法毒品的宣传教育，减少毒品滥用行为与艾滋病的关联。
5.社会支持：提供社会支持和心理辅导，帮助艾滋病感染者和病患者更好地融入社会，减少歧视和偏见。
四、全球合作艾滋病的防控任重道远，需要全球各国共同努力，加强合作。
1.国际组织合作：世界卫生组织等国际组织在艾滋病防控方面发挥着重要作用，推动各国制定相关政策，并提供技术支持和援助。
71U.S. to Train Up to 5,000 Air Marshals美国将增加5000名空中警察Tue Sep 2, 7:10 AM ET Tue Sep 2,10:33 PM ETWASHINGTON - The Homeland Security Department will train as many as 5,000 customs and immigration agents to serve as air marshals when U.S. airliners are especially threatened by terrorists, officials said Tuesday.美国官员本周二表示，国家安全部门将从海关和移民局培训5000名人员，在航班受到恐怖威胁时作为航班的武装空中警卫。
★marshal,A military officer of the highest rank in some countries.元帅，最高指挥官某些国家最高军衔的军队官员.这里air marshals指的是空中警察,空中警卫.The Bush administration is shuffling its homeland security operation to make available more armed agents for airliner protection. According to a plan being unveiled Tuesday, the reorganization will combine the federal air marshal's program with the customs and immigration security programs so agents in both can be cross-trained and used for aviation security, officials said.布什政府目前正对一些国内安全部门进行调整，以使更多的武装人员能够胜任航空保护。
国内外艾滋病流行现状及防控研究进展一、本文概述Overview of this article艾滋病（Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome，DS）是一种由人类免疫缺陷病毒（Human Immunodeficiency Virus，HIV）引起的严重传染病，对全球公共卫生构成了巨大挑战。
自上世纪80年代初首次被报道以来，艾滋病在全球范围内迅速传播，成为全球性的健康问题。
本文旨在综述国内外艾滋病的流行现状以及防控研究的最新进展，以期为制定有效的防控策略提供科学依据。
AIDS is a serious infectious disease caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which poses a great challenge to global public health. Since it was first reported in the early 1980s, AIDS has spread rapidly worldwide and become a global health problem. The purpose of this article is to review the current situation of AIDS epidemic at home and abroad, as well as the latest progress in prevention and control research, in order to provide scientific basis for formulating effective prevention and control strategies.本文将概述国内外艾滋病的流行现状，包括感染人数、流行趋势、高危人群分布以及地区差异等方面。
双语新闻学英语：《致命病毒——流感感染2600万美国人》A deadly virus is spreading from state to state and has infected26 million Americans so far. It's the flu一种致命的病毒正在各州传播，迄今已感染了2600万美国人，这就是流感There's another virus that has infected at least 26 million Americans across the country and killed at least 14,000 people this season alone. It's not a new pandemic -- it's influenza.今年的这个季节存在着另一种病毒，已经在全国感染了至少2600万美国人并造成至少14,000人死亡。
这不是新的疾病大流行——这是流感。
The 2019-2020 flu season, which began September 29, is projected to be one of the worst in a decade, according to the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. At least 250,000 people have been hospitalized with complications from the flu, and that number is predicted to climb as flu activity swirls.据美国国家过敏和传染病研究所预测，自9月29日开始的2019-2020年流感季节将是十年来最严重的流感季节之一。
至少有25万人因流感并发症住院，而且随着流感活动的波动预计这个数字还会攀升。
30There was no fanfare on May 20, 1983 whenScience published what is undoubtedly among the most important medical papers of the 20th century.1、1983年5月，当《科学》杂志发表了这篇毫无疑问被认为20世纪最重要的论文时，并没有引起很大的关注。
2、在一如既往的枯燥的文章里，来自法国巴斯德研究所得研究者描述了一个新型的逆转录病毒，与这个病毒相关的疾病被称为淋巴结病，简写为LAV。
It was, they reported, a "typical type-C RNA tumor virus" with a tropism for T-lymphocytes and was similar to -- but clearly distinct from -- human T-cell leukemia viruses, which had recently been discovered.3、他们报道说，最近研究发现，这个病毒是T淋巴细胞趋向的典型的C型RNA肿瘤病毒，并且与人类T细胞白血病病毒很相似（但是也有很明显的不同）。
Today, we know it simply as HIV.4、今天，我们都知道这个病毒就被简单成为HIV。
That paper made very little immediate impression, according to Françoise Barré-Sinoussi, PhD, of the Pasteur institute, who was the lead author and who later shared the 2008 Nobel prize in medicine for the discovery with the senior author Luc Montagnier, PhD.5、根据巴斯德研究所的医学博士Françoise Barré-Sinoussi说，那篇论文当时没有给人留下太深的印象Françoise博士同时也是这个病毒发现的首席作者，并且与资深作者及医学哲学博士Luc Montagnier因此病毒的发现分享了2008年的诺贝尔医学奖Partly that was because HIV/AIDS -- although mysterious and deadly -- was not yet seen as a global threat.6、部分原因是因为尽管HIV/ARDS很神秘和具有致死性，但是并没有被视为全球的威胁。
金融常用语：1. air pocket 气囊：指一种股票的显而易见的极其虚弱性。
2. backdoor listing 后门上市：一家公司因其自身未能符合交易所上市规定，便买进一个上市公司，将自身并入其中而使自己能够上市。
3. basket purchase 一篮子购买：以一种价格购买一组资产。
然而在记帐时，每件物品可以单独记入，并对每件资产指定一个成本。
4. bear trap 空头陷阱：当股票下跌时，引起大量抛售，然后价格又上涨。
5. bed and breakfast deals 床头和早餐交易：卖空骗局。
个人或公司根据事先安排的交易，先卖出股票，继而在第二天买回，以此形成一个抵消资本收益的税损。
本做法仅存于英国。
6. bottom fisher 底部钓鱼人：寻找那些价格已跌至最底点，即将发生转机的商品或股票投资者。
在有些情况下指购买破产或濒临破产组织的股票或债券的人们。
7. butterfly spread 蝴蝶差：同时在相同或不同的市场上买或卖三种期货合同，产生利润和借贷权。
8. Chinese Wall 中国墙：不可逾越的障碍物，用以阻止华尔街商行的交易区不公正地使用投资银行家们从客户那里秘密获得的信息。
9. fallen angle 下坠天使：大公司的高价证券因某些不利的负面消息而使价格突然下跌。
10. golden handcuffs 金手铐：将经纪人和经纪人事务所连结起来的合同；是经纪业对经纪人从一个公司到另一个公司频繁变动的反应。
一般包括将其受雇时接受的大部分报酬返还原公司的协议。
11. gold brick 假金砖：毫无价值的带有欺诈特点的证券。
12. gray knight 灰骑士：公司收购中并非收购对象所寻求的投机性二次投标者，只想利用收购对象和原投标者之间的问题而牟利。
13. graveyard market 墓地市场：一种在其中的不能出来，在外面的不能进去的证券市场。
新闻英语特点新闻报道与其他文体相比，其具有自身的独特风格。
从新闻报道的结构看，通常有两种形式：一种是依照事件发生的先后，也就是按照时间顺序的写法，通常用于报道体育新闻或犯罪新闻；另一种是依照事实的重要性来陈述的新闻导语法。
VOA 和BBC 英语新闻通常采用的都是第二种方法。
新闻导语是每条新闻的重心要点内容，它概要的表达每条新闻的主要内容，是整条新闻的核心所在。
通常新闻的第一句话就是导语，简明扼要、开门见山的概括新闻的主题，回答了5个W（what had happened; when did it happen; where did it happen; who are the main characters; why did it happen）和1个H(how did it happen)重要问题。
这种新闻陈述方式也被称之为倒金字塔模式，也就是将新闻中最重要的信息置于首位，随后再做具体阐述和介绍，介绍事件发生的背景及其相关的次要事实情况。
新闻背景新闻背景不是新闻听力音频中出现的内容，也不是考试大纲中所要求掌握的内容，但确是会对学生新闻听力理解产生重大的影响。
根据近几年的英语专业四级考试试题,不难发现,每一年的国际政治热点问题基本上都会出现。
常见的国名、地名，主要国家的州名，主要的大洲、大洋，各国主要首脑及主要头衔等，如：Secretary of State, the Prime Minister, Ambassador, Foreign Minister, Counselor…；各国主要行政机构，如：State Department, House of Representatives, CPPCC (Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference)；主要的世界性组织机构，如：UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization), NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization), OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries), APEC (The Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation), PLO (Palestine Liberation Organization), OAU (The Organization of African Unity), ASEAN (The Association of Southeast Asian Nations). . . 等等，这些名词都是最基本的，须掌握。
艾滋病艾滋病，即获得性免疫缺陷综合症（又译：后天性免疫缺陷症候群），英语缩写AIDS （Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome）的音译。
1981年在美国首次注射和被确认。
曾译为“爱滋病”、“爱死病”。
分为两型：HIV-1型和HIV-2型，是人体注射感染了“人类免疫缺陷病毒”（HIV - human immunodeficiency virus）（又称艾滋病病毒）所导致的传染病。
艾滋病被称为“史后世纪的瘟疫”，也被称为“超级癌症”和“世纪杀手。
艾滋病，是种人畜共患疾病，由感染"HIV"病毒引起。
HIV是一种能攻击人体免疫系统的病毒。
它把人体免疫系统中最重要的T4淋巴组织作为攻击目标，大量破坏T4淋巴组织，产生高致命性的内衰竭。
这种病毒在地域内终生传染，破坏人的免疫平衡，使人体成为各种疾病的载体。
HIV本身并不会引发任何疾病，而是当免疫系统被HIV破坏后，人体由于抵抗能力过低，丧失复制免疫细胞的机会，并感染其它的疾病导致各种疾病复合感染而死亡。
艾滋病病毒在人体内的潜伏期平均为9年至10年，在发展成艾滋病病人以前，病人外表看上去正常，他们可以没有任何症状地生活和工作很多年。
科学研究发现，艾滋病最初是在西非传播的，是某慈善组织做了一批针对某流行病疫苗捐给非洲某国，但他们不知道做疫苗用的黑猩猩携带有艾滋病毒。
美国加利福尼亚大学戴维斯分校研究人员２９日说，艾滋病病毒可以在人体肠内的黏膜组织中藏匿以躲过药物治疗。
这一发现将可能使艾滋病疗法发生革命性变化。
研究人员发表新闻公报说，艾滋病患者接受抗逆转录病毒药物治疗后，即使血样检验表明治疗有效，但实际上艾滋病病毒仍能够在人体肠内的黏膜组织中藏匿，继续复制并抑制免疫系统发挥作用。
这项研究的负责人萨蒂亚·丹德卡尔教授说，这表明现有的艾滋病疗法虽然在减少病毒数量、增加血液中Ｔ细胞数量方面大有效果，但没有能力对付肠黏膜中的艾滋病病毒。
目前艾滋病在全球的流行情况英语作文全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1The Current Situation of HIV/AIDS Pandemic WorldwideIntroductionHIV/AIDS (Human Immunodeficiency Virus / Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) has been one of the biggest challenges facing the global health community for decades. Despite significant progress in treatment and prevention, the disease continues to impact millions of people around the world. In this essay, we will discuss the current situation of HIV/AIDS pandemic worldwide, including prevalence, treatment, prevention efforts, and challenges ahead.Prevalence of HIV/AIDSAccording to the World Health Organization (WHO), as of 2021, there were approximately 37.7 million people living with HIV/AIDS globally. Sub-Saharan Africa remains the most affected region, accounting for nearly two-thirds of all people living with HIV/AIDS. Countries in Eastern and Southern Africa have thehighest prevalence rates, with an estimated 68% of the global total.In addition to Africa, other regions also face significant challenges in addressing the HIV/AIDS pandemic. Asia and the Pacific region have the second-largest number of people living with the virus, while the Caribbean and Latin America also have high prevalence rates.Treatment and Prevention EffortsDespite the challenges posed by HIV/AIDS, significant progress has been made in both treatment and prevention efforts. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has transformed the lives of people living with HIV/AIDS, allowing them to live longer and healthier lives. The global coverage of ART has increased steadily over the years, with an estimated 28.7 million people receiving treatment in 2021.Prevention efforts have also played a crucial role in reducing the spread of HIV/AIDS. Strategies such as condom distribution, voluntary medical male circumcision, and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) have been effective in preventing new infections. In addition, programs focusing on HIV testing and counseling have helped to identify people living with the virus and link them to care and treatment.Challenges AheadDespite the progress made in addressing the HIV/AIDS pandemic, significant challenges remain. One of the biggest barriers to ending the epidemic is stigma and discrimination, which continue to hinder efforts to reach key populations such as sex workers, men who have sex with men, and people who inject drugs. Lack of awareness and education about HIV/AIDS also contributes to the spread of the virus.In addition, funding for HIV/AIDS programs remains a challenge, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. The COVID-19 pandemic has further strained health systems and diverted resources away from HIV/AIDS services, threatening progress made in recent years. It is essential for governments, donors, and NGOs to prioritize funding for HIV/AIDS programs to ensure continued progress in the fight against the virus.ConclusionIn conclusion, the HIV/AIDS pandemic remains a significant global health challenge, with millions of people living with the virus worldwide. Despite progress in treatment and prevention efforts, challenges such as stigma, discrimination, and funding constraints continue to hinder efforts to end the epidemic. It is crucial for governments, donors, and the global healthcommunity to work together to address these challenges and ensure that all people living with HIV/AIDS have access to quality care and treatment. Only through collective action and commitment can we hope to achieve an AIDS-free generation.篇2HIV/AIDS, a global health crisis that emerged in the late 20th century, continues to pose a significant threat to public health worldwide. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), an estimated 37.9 million people globally were living withHIV/AIDS at the end of 2018. While significant progress has been made in the prevention and treatment of HIV/AIDS, there are still many challenges that must be addressed in order to effectively control the spread of the virus and provide care to those living with the disease.The global HIV/AIDS epidemic is characterized by significant geographic and demographic disparities. Sub-Saharan Africa remains the most severely affected region, with an estimated 25.7 million people living with HIV/AIDS in 2018. This region accounts for more than two-thirds of the global burden ofHIV/AIDS. In other regions, such as Eastern Europe and Central Asia, the epidemic is driven primarily by injection drug use andsexual transmission among key populations such as men who have sex with men and sex workers.In recent years, there has been increased recognition of the importance of addressing the social determinants of health in the response to HIV/AIDS. Poverty, stigma, discrimination, and gender inequality all play a role in driving the spread of the virus and limiting access to care and treatment for those living with HIV/AIDS. In many countries, laws and policies that criminalize certain populations or behaviors, such as sex work and drug use, have been shown to fuel the epidemic by driving marginalized populations underground and away from essential health services.Prevention remains a critical component of the global response to HIV/AIDS. While there is no cure for the virus, antiretroviral therapy (ART) has been shown to be highly effective in reducing viral load and preventing transmission of HIV. In recent years, there has been increased focus on the use of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) as a preventive measure for individuals at high risk of HIV infection. However, access to these medications remains limited in many parts of the world, particularly in low- and middle-income countries.In order to achieve the goal of ending the HIV/AIDS epidemic by 2030, a comprehensive and multi-faceted approach is needed. This includes scaling up access to HIV testing and treatment, promoting evidence-based prevention strategies, addressing the social and structural drivers of the epidemic, and eliminating stigma and discrimination against those living with HIV/AIDS. It also requires increased investment in research and innovation to develop new and more effective tools for the prevention and treatment of HIV/AIDS.Despite the many challenges that remain, there have been significant achievements in the global response to HIV/AIDS in recent years. The number of new HIV infections has declined by 16% since 2010, and the number of AIDS-related deaths has fallen by 33% over the same period. However, much more needs to be done in order to achieve the goal of ending the epidemic by 2030. With continued political will, increased funding, and a commitment to addressing the social and structural determinants of health, it is possible to finally bring an end to the HIV/AIDS epidemic and ensure a future free of this devastating disease for all people around the world.篇3The current situation of HIV/AIDS globally is a complex and challenging issue that continues to impact millions of people around the world. The HIV virus, which causes AIDS, has spread rapidly over the past few decades, affecting individuals of all ages, genders, and backgrounds.As of 2021, an estimated 38 million people worldwide are living with HIV/AIDS, with approximately 680,000 people dying from AIDS-related illnesses each year. Despite significant progress in the treatment and prevention of HIV/AIDS, many challenges remain in efforts to control the epidemic and provide care and support to those affected.Sub-Saharan Africa remains the most affected region in the world, with over two-thirds of all people living with HIV/AIDS residing in this area. High rates of poverty, limited access to healthcare, and stigma surrounding the illness have contributed to the spread of HIV/AIDS in the region.In addition to Africa, other regions such as Asia and Eastern Europe have also seen significant increases in HIV/AIDS prevalence in recent years. Factors such as injection drug use, unprotected sex, and limited access to healthcare have fueled the epidemic in these areas.Despite these challenges, there have been significant advancements in the treatment and prevention of HIV/AIDS. Antiretroviral therapy has been widely adopted as a means to control the virus and improve the quality of life for those living with HIV/AIDS. Additionally, efforts to promote safe sex practices, expand access to testing and treatment, and reduce stigma and discrimination have been successful in many parts of the world.However, there is still much work to be done in the fight against HIV/AIDS. Access to treatment remains a major issue for many individuals, particularly in low and middle-income countries where healthcare resources are limited. Additionally, stigma and discrimination continue to prevent people from seeking testing and treatment, further exacerbating the spread of the virus.Moving forward, it will be crucial for governments, international organizations, healthcare providers, and communities to work together to address the challenges ofHIV/AIDS. Efforts to increase access to treatment, promote prevention strategies, and reduce stigma and discrimination will be essential in controlling the epidemic and improving the health and well-being of those affected by HIV/AIDS.In conclusion, the global prevalence of HIV/AIDS remains a significant public health concern that requires ongoing attention and resources. By working together and prioritizing efforts to prevent, treat, and support those affected by HIV/AIDS, we can make progress towards ending the epidemic and creating a healthier, more equitable world for all.。
国际英语新闻:Gene therapy shows promise for HIV control without drugs: study
W ASHINGTON, March 5 (Xinhua) -- U.S. researchers said Wednesday they have used gene therapy involving genetically engineered T- cells to successfully decrease the amount of the AIDS virus in several patients taken off antiretroviral drug therapy (ADT) entirely, including one patient whose levels became undetectable.
The study, published in the U.S. journal New England Journal of Medicine, is the first published report of any gene editing approach in humans, the researchers said. "This study shows that we can safely and effectively engineer an HIV patient's own T cells to mimic a naturally occurring resistance to the virus, infuse those engineered cells, have them persist in the body, and potentially keep viral loads at bay without the use of drugs," senior author Carl June, professor of the University of Pennsylvania, said in a statement.
"This reinforces our belief that modified T cells are the key that could eliminate the need for lifelong ADT and potentially lead to functionally curative approaches for HIV/AIDS," June said.
In their study, the researchers used a technology called the zinc finger nuclease (ZFN) to modify the T cells in 12 patients with the AIDS virus
in order to mimic the CCR5-delta-32 mutation that can provide a natural HIV resistance. Only one percent of the general population carries that rare mutation.
They then infused the modified cells known as SB-728-T into two groups of patients, all treated with single infusions of about 10 billion cells, between May 2009 and July 2012.
Six were taken off antiretroviral therapy altogether for up to 12 weeks, beginning four weeks after infusion, while six patients remained on treatment.
The researchers found that the amount of HIV dropped in four patients whose treatment was interrupted for 12 weeks.
One of those patients' viral loads dropped below the limit of detection before reinstitution of ADT and the patient was later found to be "heterozygous" for the CCR5-delta-32 gene mutation, they said.
"This case gives us a better understanding of the mutation and the body's response to the therapy, opening up another door for study," co-author Bruce Levine, associate professor of the University of Pennsylvania said. Therapies based on the CCR5 mutation have gained steam over the last six years, particularly after a man known as the Berlin Patient was
"functionally" cured. Diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia, the man received a stem cell transplant from a donor who had the CCR5 mutation and has remained off ADT since 2008.。
