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2020年度全国旅行社统计调查报告文化和旅游部发布2021-04-164月16日，文化和旅游部发布2020年度全国旅行社统计调查报告。
报告全文如下：按照文化和旅游部制定、国家统计局批准的《全国文化文物和旅游统计调查制度》，经各省（区、市）文化和旅游行政部门审核，现将2020年度全国旅行社统计调查情况汇总如下：一、填报情况2020年度全国旅行社季度组织接待和年度财务数据审核完成率分别为86.02%、84.81%、84.30%、88.60%和86.60%，年度平均审核完成率为86.07%。
27个地区年度平均审核完成率超过全国平均水平，其中22个地区的年度平均审核完成率在90%以上。
二、行业规模截至2020年12月31日，全国旅行社总数为40682家（按2020年第四季度旅行社数量计算），比2019年增长4.47%。
除吉林和黑龙江旅行社数量减少，减幅分别为0.71%和1.55%外，其余30个地区旅行社数量都有不同程度的增长，海南、新疆、湖南、贵州、甘肃等5个地区涨幅均在10%以上，其中海南增幅最大为24.22%。
广东、北京、江苏、浙江、山东等5个地区旅行社数量超过2000家，数量最多的广东为3390家。
此外，西藏、宁夏和兵团3个地区旅行社数量少于500家，分别为310家、173家和162家。
（详见附件1）2020年度全国旅行社资产总计为1992.46亿元，其中负债总计1603.29亿元,所有者权益总计389.17亿元。
全国旅行社从业人员322497人，其中大专以上学历人数220311人，签订劳动合同的导游人数108803人。
（详见附件2）三、经营情况2020年度全国旅行社营业收入2389.69亿元，营业成本2280.86亿元，营业利润-69.15亿元，利润总额-71.77亿元，本年应交税金总额12.77亿元，旅游业务营业收入1374.56亿元，旅游业务营业利润3.27亿元。
（一）三大市场情况2020年度全国旅行社国内旅游营业收入1194.49亿元,占全国旅行社旅游业务营业收入总量的86.90%；国内旅游业务营业利润2.65亿元，占全国旅行社旅游业务营业利润总量的80.91%。
第1篇摘要随着全球经济的快速发展和人民生活水平的不断提高，旅游业已成为全球最具活力的产业之一。
本报告通过对世界旅游市场的数据分析，旨在揭示全球旅游业的现状、发展趋势以及潜在的市场机会。
报告将基于最新的旅游统计数据和市场调研结果，对全球旅游市场进行深入分析，为旅游企业、政府和相关研究机构提供决策参考。
一、引言旅游业作为全球经济的重要组成部分，不仅促进了就业和经济增长，还加深了各国人民之间的文化交流。
近年来，随着全球化的推进和科技的发展，旅游业呈现出新的发展趋势。
本报告将从以下几个方面对世界旅游市场进行分析：1. 全球旅游市场概况2. 主要旅游目的地分析3. 旅游消费趋势4. 旅游行业发展趋势5. 潜在市场机会与挑战二、全球旅游市场概况1. 旅游市场规模根据世界旅游组织（UNWTO）的数据，2019年全球国际旅游人数达到15.1亿人次，同比增长4%。
然而，受新冠疫情影响，2020年全球国际旅游人数锐减至7.8亿人次，同比下降48%。
预计2021年全球国际旅游人数将恢复至8.5亿人次，但距离疫情前的水平仍有较大差距。
2. 旅游收入2019年，全球国际旅游收入达到1.5万亿美元，同比增长3.6%。
受疫情影响，2020年全球国际旅游收入锐减至6800亿美元，同比下降55%。
预计2021年全球国际旅游收入将恢复至7900亿美元，但仍低于疫情前的水平。
三、主要旅游目的地分析1. 亚洲亚洲是全球旅游市场的重要增长引擎。
2019年，亚洲国际旅游人数达到6.2亿人次，占全球总量的41%。
其中，中国、印度、日本和韩国是亚洲旅游市场的主要贡献者。
2. 欧洲欧洲是全球旅游市场的传统强国。
2019年，欧洲国际旅游人数达到4.4亿人次，占全球总量的29%。
其中，法国、西班牙、意大利和德国是欧洲旅游市场的主要目的地。
3. 北美洲北美洲是全球旅游市场的重要参与者。
2019年，北美洲国际旅游人数达到2.2亿人次，占全球总量的14%。
第1篇一、概述随着我国经济的持续增长和人民生活水平的不断提高，旅游业作为国民经济的重要组成部分，近年来发展迅速。
本报告以某旅游业公司为例，对其财务状况进行深入分析，旨在揭示公司的经营成果、财务状况和盈利能力，为公司未来的发展提供决策依据。
二、公司基本情况某旅游业公司成立于2005年，主要从事国内外旅游业务，包括团队旅游、散客旅游、旅游咨询服务等。
公司总部位于我国某一线城市，下设多个分公司和办事处，业务范围覆盖全国及海外多个国家和地区。
三、财务报表分析（一）资产负债表分析1. 资产结构分析截至2022年底，公司总资产为10亿元，其中流动资产占比65%，非流动资产占比35%。
流动资产中，货币资金占比最高，为20%，其次是应收账款和存货。
非流动资产中，固定资产占比最高，为20%，其次是长期投资和无形资产。
2. 负债结构分析截至2022年底，公司总负债为6亿元，其中流动负债占比70%，非流动负债占比30%。
流动负债中，短期借款占比最高，为25%，其次是应付账款和预收账款。
非流动负债中，长期借款占比最高，为15%。
3. 所有者权益分析截至2022年底，公司所有者权益为4亿元，占公司总资产的40%。
其中，实收资本占比最高，为30%，其次是资本公积和盈余公积。
（二）利润表分析1. 营业收入分析2022年，公司实现营业收入8亿元，同比增长15%。
其中，旅游业务收入占比最高，为60%，其次是旅游咨询服务收入。
2. 营业成本分析2022年，公司营业成本为5亿元，同比增长10%。
其中，旅游业务成本占比最高，为40%，其次是旅游咨询服务成本。
3. 期间费用分析2022年，公司期间费用为1亿元，同比增长5%。
其中，销售费用占比最高，为30%，其次是管理费用和财务费用。
4. 利润分析2022年，公司实现净利润0.3亿元，同比增长10%。
其中，营业利润为0.5亿元，同比增长20%；利润总额为0.4亿元，同比增长15%。
四、财务状况综合评价1. 偿债能力分析从资产负债表可以看出，公司资产负债率为60%，处于合理水平。
第1篇摘要：随着我国经济的持续增长，文化旅游产业作为国民经济的重要组成部分，近年来得到了快速发展。
本文通过对中国文旅财务报告的分析，旨在揭示文旅产业的财务状况、盈利能力、发展潜力以及存在的问题，为政策制定者和企业提供有益的参考。
一、引言文化旅游产业是指以旅游活动为核心，涵盖吃、住、行、游、购、娱等各个方面的产业。
近年来，我国政府高度重视文化旅游产业的发展，出台了一系列政策措施，推动文旅产业转型升级。
本文通过对中国文旅财务报告的分析，旨在为政策制定者和企业提供有益的参考。
二、文旅产业财务状况分析1. 营业收入分析根据我国文旅财务报告，近年来文旅产业营业收入呈现逐年增长的趋势。
2019年，我国文旅产业营业收入达到7.64万亿元，同比增长8.4%。
其中，旅游营业收入6.06万亿元，同比增长8.3%；文化营业收入1.58万亿元，同比增长8.9%。
这表明文旅产业在国民经济中的地位日益重要。
2. 利润分析从利润角度来看，文旅产业整体盈利能力较强。
2019年，文旅产业利润总额达到1.15万亿元，同比增长9.2%。
其中，旅游利润总额0.84万亿元，同比增长9.4%；文化利润总额0.31万亿元，同比增长8.6%。
这表明文旅产业在为国家创造财富方面发挥着重要作用。
3. 资产负债分析从资产负债角度来看，文旅产业资产负债率相对较低。
2019年，文旅产业资产负债率为54.2%，较上年同期下降0.9个百分点。
这表明文旅产业财务状况较为稳健，负债风险较低。
三、文旅产业盈利能力分析1. 毛利率分析文旅产业毛利率相对较高。
2019年，文旅产业毛利率为18.3%，较上年同期提高0.2个百分点。
其中，旅游毛利率为16.2%，较上年同期提高0.1个百分点；文化毛利率为23.6%，较上年同期提高0.3个百分点。
这表明文旅产业盈利能力较强。
2. 净利率分析文旅产业净利率也相对较高。
2019年，文旅产业净利率为15.1%，较上年同期提高0.3个百分点。
旅游营销开题报告范文旅游体验营销作为一种新型的体验营销模式正发挥着其独特的作用。
旅游体验营销是指过为旅游者提供体验来创造价值的营销方式。
以下是带来旅游营销开题报告范文的相关内容，希望对你有帮助。
[提要]本文对郑州市节庆旅游市场的内容、开发现状、开发中存在的一系列问题，提出若干参考性建议，期望郑州市的节庆旅游能够蓬勃发展。
关键词：节庆旅游；市场营销；策略：F59：A原标题：节庆旅游市场的营销策略分析——以郑州市为例收录日期：20XX年5月29日节庆旅游是以节庆形式对区域特色进行策划和包装，使其产生定向吸引力，为旅游业利用，从而产生社会、经济、文化等综合效益的一种专项旅游形式。
郑州市作为河南省会和重要的旅游城市，节庆旅游资源丰富，自然条件优越，文化底蕴深厚，具有发展节庆旅游得天独厚的条件。
从1991年首届少林武术节举办以来，郑州已有十余年节庆文化的历史，且部分节庆活动在世界范围内已具有一定的知名度，如国际少林武术节、拜祖大典、月季花会等，吸引大量国内外游客，提升了郑州的国际知名度和美誉度。
目前，郑州市大力发展节庆旅游，运作形式由政府牵头办节过渡到政府指导、公司经营、社会参与，保证了郑州市节庆旅游快速、健康、持续发展。
一、郑州市节庆旅游开发存在的问题节庆经济为郑州市的经济带来了极大的活力，节庆经济也为各个地方调整产业结构带来了发展的契机和动力。
但是，郑州市节庆旅游仍存在着一些不足，主要表现在以下几点：(一)举办形式单一，市场营销理念薄弱。
郑州市举办的节庆活动没有多角度开发和利用，主要由政府组织，举办的形式单一，市场运作明显不足。
郑州市及附属县市现有节庆活动由于没有充分发挥企业与当地居民的积极性和主动性，使整个节庆活动的组织安排呈现出很浓厚的“官气”、“官味”，使节庆效益大打折扣，往往多数节庆都是昙花一现，最后的结果都是历年效益的减少和游客的意见直线上升。
(二)特色不鲜明，难以留下持续的深刻印象。
和众多国际、国内享有盛誉的节庆活动比起来，郑州的节庆活动还处于萌芽阶段，活动内容单一，没有体现本区特色，民众参与性不强，许多资源利用率不高，导致市场竞争力较低，许多节庆活动缺乏创新，特色不突出，从内容到形式，从招牌到口号，从举办初衷到营销对象，从宣传手段到包装技巧，每次举办都没有什么变化和创新，也没有突出其特色所在，所以很难形成对游客和大众的吸引力。
第1篇一、报告概述随着我国经济的快速发展和人民生活水平的不断提高，旅游业已成为国民经济的重要组成部分。
为了更好地了解旅游业的发展现状和趋势，本报告通过对某地区旅游业财务数据的深入分析，旨在为旅游管理部门、旅游企业以及投资者提供决策依据。
一、数据来源本报告所使用的财务数据来源于某地区统计局、旅游管理部门以及相关旅游企业的公开财务报表。
数据时间范围为2019年至2022年。
二、数据分析方法本报告采用以下数据分析方法：1. 描述性统计分析：对旅游业财务数据进行整理和描述，包括主要财务指标的计算和分析。
2. 相关性分析：分析旅游业财务指标之间的相互关系，找出影响旅游业发展的关键因素。
3. 时间序列分析：分析旅游业财务指标随时间变化的趋势，预测未来发展趋势。
4. 比较分析：将某地区旅游业财务数据与全国平均水平进行比较，找出差距和不足。
三、数据分析结果（一）收入分析1. 收入总额2019年至2022年，某地区旅游业收入总额呈逐年增长趋势。
2019年旅游业收入为XXX亿元，2022年增长至XXX亿元，年均增长率为XX%。
2. 收入结构（1）国内旅游收入：国内旅游收入占旅游业收入总额的比重较大，2019年为XX%，2022年上升至XX%。
主要原因是国内旅游市场的快速发展，游客消费能力不断提高。
（2）入境旅游收入：入境旅游收入占旅游业收入总额的比重逐年下降，2019年为XX%，2022年下降至XX%。
主要原因是国际旅游市场的波动以及新冠疫情的影响。
（3）出境旅游收入：出境旅游收入占旅游业收入总额的比重较小，2019年为XX%，2022年下降至XX%。
主要原因是国际旅游市场的波动以及国内旅游市场的快速发展。
（二）成本分析1. 人工成本2019年至2022年，某地区旅游业人工成本逐年上升。
2019年人工成本为XXX亿元，2022年增长至XXX亿元，年均增长率为XX%。
主要原因是旅游业快速发展，企业规模扩大，员工数量增加。
万联证券证券研究报告|休闲服务逐步恢复澳门旅游签注，中型及以下演出活动可举办强于大市（维持）——休闲服务行业周观点报告日期：2020年08月17日[Table_Summary] 行业核心观点：上周申万休闲服务指数下跌5.08%，跑输上证综指5.26个百分点。
在旅游业加速复苏趋势下，结合中型演出活动恢复、继续推动景区门票降价、恢复澳门旅游签注等政策红利，景区门票业务与其他间接收入将会受到利好，推动旅游业发展的同时保障景区正常运转，利好旅游、景区、演艺板块；香港作为免税布局重心，后期继续关注恢复香港旅游签注进度对免税板块的影响。
旅游：国内旅游市场需求逐步释放，景区与演艺活动门票放开和消费回流推动旅游、景区、酒店市场高增长，建议关注：1）积极转变发展模式且与免税合作的头部旅行社；2）受益于演出活动逐步恢复的演艺行业龙头；3）受益于旅游和商务出行活动逐步恢复的酒店龙头；4）免税板块。
教育：随着教培机构线下复课数量增多，行业竞争趋于激烈，暑期作为获客的重要阶段，师资培训、教学质量保障等方面的龙头机构将更有竞争优势，建议关注教育资源优质、有效控制获客成本与授课成本的在线培训机构、职业教育龙头。
投资要点：⚫ 行情回顾：上周（8月10日-8月14日）上证综指上涨0.18%、申万休闲服务指数下跌5.08%，休闲服务指数跑输上证综指5.26个百分点，在申万28个一级行业指数涨跌幅排第26。
年初至今上证综指上涨10.16%、申万休闲服务指数上涨66.09%，申万休闲指数跑赢上证综指55.92个百分点，在申万28个一级子行业中涨幅排名第1。
上周市场呈震荡盘整态势，休闲服务细分板块中除酒店与教育外其余有所回调：景点-10.51%、旅游综合-5.25%、餐饮-5.11%、酒店4.01%、教育服务4.03%。
⚫ 行业重要事件：1）旅游：国家移民管理局：逐步恢复办理内地居民赴澳门旅游签注；文旅部：中型及以下营业性演出活动可举办，观众人数不得超50%；三部门联合发布公告，电视机等20种商品停止减免税政策取消；7月全行业完成运输航空飞行环比增长13.8%。
克LM依市2020年旅游经济形势分析报告与2021年旅游经济预测克LM依市文旅局2021/2/262020年是我市旅游业整合提升、跨越发展的一年，全市旅游行业围绕打造“区域旅游集散中心”的目标，坚持科学发展观，加快旅游项目开发和旅游产品建设，积极开展旅游宣传促销，大力拓展客源市场，旅游业呈现较快发展的态势。
一、2020年我市旅游经济运行状况分析（一）旅游形势总体好于2019年水平在2016年XJ旅游业受“XX”事件冲击急剧回落之后，经过2018和2019年连续两年恢复性增长，各项指标均达到近年来的高位。
2020年下半年，增长势头逐渐回归，在一系列重大政策和不断向好的外部环境下，我市旅游业继续延续着平稳快速的增长趋势。
1、游客接待量持续走高2020年我市游客接待量呈现平稳增长的态势，全年旅游接待324.6万人次，比2019年增长38%。
尤其在第三季度旅游旺季，增速明显，同比增速达到48%。
（详见图1）图1：2019年、2020年我市分季度接待游客数量2、旅游收入继续增长2020年，我市旅游业总收入18.7亿元，同比增长32%。
进入旺季后的第三个季度，更是实现了45%以上的高速增长，达到全年峰值。
（详见图2）图2：2019年、2020年我市分季度旅游收入对比3、我市主要A级景区旅游持续稳定增长2020年，世界魔鬼城、黑油山等主要A级景区接待游客数量呈现出持续稳定增长态势。
其中世界魔鬼城接待23万人次，占全市游客接待总量的7%，较2019年同比增长11%；收入1519.2万元，同比增长19.6%；黑油山景区接待8.06万人次，同比增长79%，收入110.881万元，同比增长146%。
4、过夜游客接待量增长较快2020年，我市新增快捷酒店较多，床位数比2019年增加1155张，但仍然满足不了旅游旺季住宿接待的需求。
在旅游旺季、黄金周节假日期间，星级饭店、旅游接待宾馆客房几近爆满，客房平均出租率达到90%以上，全年宾馆酒店接待过夜游客97.13万人次。
2024最新英语热词词条汇总（Catti, MTI考试必背）1.出入境客流2.单方面免签政策3.边检机关4.传统制造业转型升级5.数字化研发设计工具普及率6.智能产业7.2024中国电影市场8.进口电影大片9.中外电影交流10.春节档电影票房11.京津冀区域发展指数12.京津冀产业协同发展13.首都功能核心区14.城市集群15.磷资源利用16.磷化工产业17.战略性矿产资源18.银发经济19.国家统计局20.人口老龄化21.适龄劳动人口22.哈尔滨国际冰雪节23.哈尔滨冰雪大世界24.冰雪雕塑25.冰雪经济26.零工市场27.求职者28.灵活就业人员29.劳动者合法权益30.残疾人法律服务31.残疾人就业32.无障碍环境建设33.爱因斯坦探针卫星34.天文卫星35.长征二号丙运载火箭36.世界经济论坛2024年年会37.国际货币基金组织38.高质量发展39.天舟七号货运飞船40.文昌航天发射场41.发射勤务塔42.中国空间站43.家庭养老床位44.银发经济45.养老院46.金融高质量发展47.中国特色金融发展之路48.以人民为中心的价值取向49.金融供给侧结构性改革50.第十四届全国冬季运动会51.文化旅游产业52.冰雪装备制造业53.国家工程师奖54.工程技术55.关键核心技术56.新质生产力57.超低排放改造58.水泥熟料生产能力59.焦化产能60.减排技术61.反恐怖主义62.维护社会稳定63.联合反恐演习64.浦东新区综合改革试点65.现代化产业体系66.高水平社会主义市场经济体制67.高光谱综合观测卫星68.高质量高光谱数据69.环境监测70.污染防治工作71.太阳磁场测量72.磁能73.中红外太阳磁场74.跨省异地就医直接结算75.远程医疗76.医保支付方式77.全国贸促系统78.外贸企业79.原产地证书80.国家粮食安全81.乡村振兴82.“三农”工作83.2024年中央一号文件84.国家粮食安全85.乡村振兴86.“三农”工作87.基本医保基金88.基本医疗保险基金支出89.大病保险90.中国政府友谊奖91.中国式现代化92.人才培养93.立法快速响应机制94.法治政府建设95.法治社会96.非常规水97.再生水98.淡化海水99.上海东方枢纽国际商务合作区100.国际航空枢纽101.中国上海自贸区102.低温雨雪冰冻灾害应急响应103.寒潮预警104.极端天气105.应急预案106.民用航空器噪声污染防控107.机场噪声污染防控标准体系108.人居环境109.消费品以旧换新110.耐用消费品111.国民经济循环112.殷墟博物馆新馆113.文物保护114.考古发掘115.中华五千年文明116.长征十二号运载火箭117.单芯级液体运载火箭118.首飞119.网络文学120.文化自信121.中华优秀传统文化122.保守国家秘密法123.国家安全124.中国特色社会主义法治体系125.全面依法治国126.儿童参加基本医疗保险专项行动127.基本医疗保险基金支出128.商业医疗保险129.社会保险基金130.舱外维修任务131.出舱作业132.机械臂133.国债134.水利项目135.人均粮食占有量136.耕地保护制度137.耕地138.保护性耕作面积139.大规模设备更新140.新质生产力141.新的生产力理论142.中欧班列143.国际产业链供应链144.新动力145.标准集装箱146.中村改造147.城镇老旧小区改造148.城市更新行动149.全民健身150.体育强国160.全民健身公共服务体系161.国土绿化162.城市绿地163.绿化覆盖率164.国家级新区165.跨区域高水平协同创新166.国家高新技术产业开发区167.数字化转型168.鹊桥二号中继星169.中国探月工程170.深空探测171.月背172.农业种质资源173.种业振兴174.种源安全175.粮食安全176.专利产业化177.专利密集型产品178.专利链179.高校考试招生改革180.高等教育181.高质量教育体系182.素质教育183.国家卫生应急队伍管理办法184.国家级医疗应急工作专家组185.应急响应体系186.氢能源市域列车187.轨道交通188.性能验证189.中国青少年足球改革发展实施意见190.国家文化产业示范基地191.文化产业示范园区192.中国网络视听发展研究报告193.互联网普及率194.网民195.互联网+196.人工智能赋能教育行动197.智慧教育平台198.数字教育199.民用载人飞艇200.科技自立自强201.关键核心技术201.世界科技强国202.量子电池203.电磁场204.量子纠缠205.储供能装置206.终身教育平台207.国家老年大学208.AI赋能终身学习209.医疗救助210.医疗保障体系211.基本医疗卫生服务212.无人驾驶载人航空器213.电动垂直起降214.低空经济215.新型智能纤维216.可穿戴机器人217.新材料218.生态保护补偿条例219.生态修复220.环保产业221.医保药品目录222.基本医保基金223.跨省异地就医直接结算224.快速射电暴225.500米口径球面射电望远镜226.无线电波227.再生资源回收利用网络体系228.深加工基地229.中国进出口商品交易会230.经济全球化231.扩大开放232.大学生阅读分享活动233.世界读书日244.世界图书之都245.商业航天产业246.战略性新兴产业247.新增长引擎248.联合国教科文组织—赤道几内亚国际生命科学研究奖249.生命科学250.基础研究251.国防教育法修订草案252.国防意识253.西太平洋海军论坛254.海洋命运共同体255.全球海洋治理256.高精度月球地质图集257.嫦娥探月工程258.月球科研站259.港珠澳大桥260.跨海大桥261.粤港澳大湾区262.中法人文合作发展论坛263.中法文化旅游年264.战略共识265.文生视频大模型266.算力267.公共安全治理268.安全风险评估269.太阳白光耀斑270.高能耀斑271.先进天基太阳天文台272.紫金山天文台273.免签政策274.世界记忆亚太地区名录275.雄安高新技术产业开发区276.京津冀产业协同发展277.行星际闪烁监测望远镜278.射电望远镜279.太阳风暴280.养老服务预收费监管281.家庭养老床位282.制造业数字化转型283.医养结合床位284.持久性有机污染物控制285.陕西历史博物馆秦汉馆286.在轨水生生态研究项目287.载人宇宙飞船288.自循环水生生态系统289.旅游惠民措施290.中国旅游日291.景区免费292.文化强国建设高峰论坛293.老科学家294.城际铁路295.一小时生活圈296.世界一流考古机构建设297.文物保护利用298.古籍保护299.集装箱吞吐量300.国际贸易301.世界贸易组织302.绿色储粮技术303.粮食仓储设施304.国家粮食安全战略305.嫦娥六号306.月球背面307.南极—艾特肯盆地308.国家海洋考古博物馆309.水下文化遗产310.文物保护311.生态保护修复312.世界环境日313.生态文明314.三北”防护林体系工程315.文明对话国际日316.文明交流互鉴317.全球文明倡议318.载荷专家319.航天驾驶员320.选拔训练体系321.普惠保险高质量发展322.普惠金融323.健康素养324.健康中国325.体育强国326.世界智能产业博览会327.航空商用无人运输系统328.巡航速度329.空地联运330.能耗强度331.充电基础设施体系332.能源绿色低碳转型333.可持续发展334.超导量子计算机335.算力基础设施336.量子革命337.共享工厂338.共享经济339.预制菜340.重复使用运载火箭341.全尺寸着陆缓冲系统342.垂直软着陆343.“一带一路”国际技能大赛344.职业技能345.人文交流346.中国入境旅游发展报告347.单方面免签政策348.中国共产党历史展览馆349.党史学习教育350.红色传统351.碳纤维地铁列车352.碳纤维复合材料353.绿色转型354.加强人工智能能力建设国际合作决议355.数字政策对话机制356.中欧跨里海直达快运357.海峡两岸青年发展论坛358.两岸交流合作359.两岸关系和平发展360.旅游公共服务361.二维晶体362.光子集成电路363.超薄光学芯片364.深海重载作业采矿车“开拓二号” 365.海洋经济366.《中国的海洋生态环境保护》白皮书367.国际基础科学大会368.科技前沿领域369.北京火箭大街370.商业航天371.科技互动展厅372.专利开放许可制度373.专利产业化374.专利链375.化遗产保护数字化376.水平社会主义市场经济体制377.宏观经济治理378.全国统一大市场379.亚太6E卫星380.通信卫星381.近地轨道382.青岛国际啤酒节383.文化和旅游消费384.国内旅游385.制度型开放386.自贸试验区387.中国式现代化388.太阳能动力微型无人机389.静电电机390.“互联网+”监管模式391.养老资金392.养老产业393.北京中轴线394.中华五千年文明395.分子水396.月球样品397.水合盐398.国际月球科研站399.研发经费投入400.男子100米自由泳401.巴黎奥运会402.体育强国403.男子4×100米混合泳接力404.仰泳405.蛙泳406.蝶泳407.自由泳408.以人为本的新型城镇化战略409.现代化都市圈410.农业农村现代化411.消费场景412.消费升级413.世界遗产名录414.文化和自然遗产415.新型电力系统416.绿色发展417.奥运会中国体育代表团418.中华体育精神419.奥林匹克格言“更快、更高、更强——更团结”420.奖牌榜421.碳排放核算和评价标准体系422.碳足迹423.低碳经济424.长江流域水生生物资源425.水生生物多样性426.长江保护修复。
第1篇一、概述随着我国旅游业的快速发展，民宿作为一种新兴的住宿方式，逐渐受到广大游客的青睐。
本报告以某旅游民宿为例，对其财务状况进行分析，旨在揭示民宿的盈利能力、运营效率以及未来发展趋势。
二、民宿基本情况1. 民宿名称：XX旅游民宿2. 地理位置：位于我国某著名旅游城市，周边旅游景点丰富，交通便利。
3. 客房数量：共计30间，包括标准间、大床房、套房等不同类型。
4. 经营时间：自2018年开业以来，已运营3年。
三、财务报表分析1. 收入分析（1）营业收入：2020年营业收入为100万元，较2019年增长20%。
（2）收入构成：客房收入占营业收入的比例最高，达到70%，其次是餐饮收入和旅游产品收入。
（3）收入增长原因：得益于旅游业的快速发展，民宿周边景点吸引大量游客，带动了民宿的入住率。
2. 成本分析（1）客房成本：2020年客房成本为40万元，主要包括水电费、清洁费、床上用品更换等。
（2）餐饮成本：2020年餐饮成本为20万元，主要包括食材采购、员工工资等。
（3）其他成本：2020年其他成本为30万元，主要包括物业管理费、营销费用等。
3. 盈利能力分析（1）毛利率：2020年毛利率为40%，较2019年提高5个百分点。
（2）净利润：2020年净利润为20万元，较2019年增长10%。
（3）盈利能力提升原因：通过优化成本控制、提高服务质量和增加营销手段，民宿的盈利能力得到提升。
四、运营效率分析1. 客房入住率：2020年客房入住率为75%，较2019年提高5个百分点。
2. 平均房价：2020年平均房价为200元/晚，较2019年提高10元。
3. 员工人数：2020年员工人数为15人，较2019年增加2人。
4. 运营效率提升原因：通过优化客房分配、提高员工服务技能和加强营销活动，民宿的运营效率得到提高。
五、未来发展趋势1. 市场需求持续增长：随着旅游业的快速发展，民宿市场需求将持续增长，为民宿带来更多机遇。
旅游英文广告语篇一：著名旅游景点中英文广告语--广告文案--Spain西班牙：Everythingunderthesun阳光下的一切newyork纽约：iLovenewyork我爱纽约Pennsylvania宾西法尼亚：americaStartsHere美国从这里开始Hershey，Pennsylvania：TheSweetestPlaceonEarth地球上最甜的地方detroit,michigan底特律（密西根州）：TheRenaissancecity再生的城市Boston,massachusetts波士顿（麻省）：TheBicentennialcity两百年的城市Quebec魁北克：itFeelsSodifferent感觉如此不同aruba阿鲁巴：ouronlyBusinessisYou我们唯一的事情就是为你服务篇二：最实用旅游英语广告语广告词spain西班牙：everythingunderthesun阳光下的一切newyork纽约：ilovenewyork我爱纽约pennsylvania宾西法尼亚：americastartshere美国从这里开始hershey，pennsylvania：thesweetestplaceonearth地球上最甜的地方detroit,michigan底特律（密西根州）：therenaissancecity再生的城市boston,massachusetts波士顿（麻省）：thebicentennialcity两百年的城市quebec魁北克：itfeelssodifferent感觉如此不同aruba阿鲁巴：ouronlybusinessisyou我们唯一的事情就是为你服务篇二：旅游宣传经典语中英文翻译旅游宣传经典语中英文翻译宾至如归justbeathome;feelathome天堂之旅atriptotheparadise;explretheparadise人迹罕至theunbeatentrack远离尘嚣atruedeparture;anescapefromthebustling 全新感受anovelexperience耳目一新anewperspective动感之都acityinmove活力北京kickingbeijing世界之都theworldcity东方之珠theorientalpearl文化之都thecityofculture醉在贵州intoxicatedinguizhou食在广州foodinguangzhou味在成都delicaciesinchengdu精英之都thecityofelites纯真世界atrueescape东方独秀likenootherplaceintheorient超乎想象byondyourimagination久负盛名longestabished卓越不俗excellentbutnotfancy中立国aswisslawyerworkingonbehalfoftheiraqijournalistwhothrewshoesatformer uspresidentgeorgew.bushsaidhisclientwillseekpoliticalasyluminswitzerlan d.thelawyersaidhewascontactedbyal-zeidisrelativesbecauseofswitzerlands reputationasasafe,neutralcountry.“扔鞋”事件的主角、伊拉克记者的瑞士代理律师表示他的当事人将向瑞士请求政治避难。
第1篇一、报告概述随着我国经济的持续增长和人民生活水平的不断提高，旅游行业作为国民经济的重要组成部分，近年来发展迅速。
本报告旨在通过对旅游行业财务报告的分析，全面了解行业整体财务状况，评估行业发展趋势，为投资者、企业管理者及相关决策者提供参考。
二、行业概况（一）行业规模根据国家统计局数据，2022年我国旅游业总收入达到5.8万亿元，同比增长12.8%。
其中，国内旅游收入4.7万亿元，国际旅游收入1.1万亿元。
旅游市场规模持续扩大，已成为推动我国经济增长的重要引擎。
（二）行业结构我国旅游行业主要包括以下几类业务：1. 旅行社业务：包括国内旅游、入境旅游、出境旅游等。
2. 酒店业务：包括星级酒店、经济型酒店、民宿等。
3. 旅游景区业务：包括国家5A级旅游景区、4A级旅游景区等。
4. 旅游交通业务：包括航空、铁路、公路、水路等。
5. 旅游商品业务：包括旅游纪念品、工艺品、土特产等。
三、财务报告分析（一）旅行社业务1. 收入分析旅行社业务收入主要包括旅游服务收入、代理收入、其他收入等。
根据财务报告显示，旅行社业务收入在2022年同比增长15%，其中旅游服务收入增长12%，代理收入增长18%，其他收入增长10%。
2. 利润分析旅行社业务利润在2022年同比增长10%，其中旅游服务利润增长8%，代理利润增长12%，其他利润增长5%。
从利润构成来看，旅游服务利润占比最高，达到60%。
3. 成本分析旅行社业务成本主要包括人员成本、运营成本、财务成本等。
2022年旅行社业务成本同比增长8%，其中人员成本增长5%，运营成本增长10%，财务成本增长6%。
成本控制能力有待提高。
（二）酒店业务1. 收入分析酒店业务收入主要包括客房收入、餐饮收入、会议收入、娱乐收入等。
根据财务报告显示，2022年酒店业务收入同比增长14%，其中客房收入增长12%，餐饮收入增长16%，会议收入增长10%，娱乐收入增长8%。
2. 利润分析酒店业务利润在2022年同比增长9%，其中客房利润增长7%，餐饮利润增长11%，会议利润增长8%，娱乐利润增长6%。
虚拟现实与旅游业中英文2019-2020英文DESCRIBING THE VIRTUAL REALITY AND VIRTUAL TOURISTCOMMUNITY (APPLICATIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR TOURISMINDUSTRY)Najafipour Amir Abbas; Heidari Majid;Foroozanfar Mohammad Hossein.AbstractAdvances in technology have direct and lasting impacts on tourism. Recently, developments in information and communication technologies (ICTs) have been transforming tourism in many ways, with impacts on areas ranging from consumer demand to site management. Virtual reality (VR) offers tourism many useful applications that deserve greater attention from tourism researchers and professionals. Planning and management, marketing, entertainment, education, accessibility, and heritage preservation are six areas of tourism in which VR may prove particularly valuable. The notion of community has been a central element of the Internet since its inception. An online virtual community (VC) is defined as a group of people trying to achieve certain purposes, with a similar interest under certain rules by using new information technology as their means. Since tourism is traditionally studied and examined in relation to geographic places or space, it is understandable that some tourism marketing organizations lack confidence in and basic understandings of how a virtual community can be used as a marketing tool. As VR and VC are integrated into the tourism sector, new questions and challenges clearly will emerge. However, we cannot afford to ignore the revolutionary changes information technology brings us, which inherently affect the ways we think of linking up to each other.In the current paper, a theoretical framework of the concept of a virtual tourist community based upon the core characteristics of virtual communities and virtual reality concerning the fundamental needs of community members is defined. Perspectives of how one can define and interpret virtual communities within the tourism industry are discussed and issues regarding the functions and implicationsof virtual communities in the travel industry are explored.Keywords: Virtual Reality, Virtual Tourist Community, Marketing and Planning, Tourism.IntroductionResearch into ICTs and tourism - the union of which can be referred to as 'e-tourism'- has yielded many important insights into how ICTs are changing the tourism sector and how the sector can best adapt to these new technologies. Nevertheless, e-tourism is evolving so quickly that the tourism sector is constantly redefining itself and requires continual reorientation in marketing and management along the way. Moreover, many relevant ICT developments are not made directly for the sake of tourism, so tourism researchers and professionals may not be fully aware of the developments and, therefore, are unprepared to adopt and adapt to the new technologies. One important area of ICT is virtual reality (VR), which already is used commonly in diverse areas including entertainment, design, and simulation training [1]. In fact, VR already has various uses within the tourism sector. As VR technology continues to evolve, there is little reason to doubt that it will become more prevalent throughout society, in general, and the tourism sector in particular.However, for travel organizations including travel suppliers and intermediaries, establishing and maintaining such communities offer both special opportunities and challenges. On the one hand such a community erases boundaries created by time and distance and makes it dramatically easier for people to obtain information, maintain connections, deepen relationships, and meet like-minded souls that they would otherwise never have met. On the other hand, the successful operation of a virtual community depends largely on whether these organizations have a comprehensive understanding of the essence of a virtualcommunity and how much they know their members in terms of who and what their fundamental needs are in the context of virtual communities. A basic understanding of the essence of a virtual community is a prerequisite for any organization operating a virtual community to be clear about their mission, purpose, and the right direction to take to achieve their goal. VCs can be used by businesses including tourist firms tocreate new types of services, enhance existing products and create new divisions and capabilities, strengthen their positive image, establish relationships with their customers and contribute to customer loyalty and sales. Business potential is mainly used to create increased trust among a VC's members combined with quality services that may improve customer loyalty [2].This paper explores the primary uses for VR within tourism, examines the possibility of using VR to provide substitute tourism experiences, analyzes some of the chief questions and challenges associated with VR's integration into tourism, and suggests numerous ideas for future research related to VR's uses within tourism. The numerous tourism-related uses for VR are illustrated through a description of current and future VR technologies and a subsequent analysis of applications for these technologies within six principal areas of tourism: planning and management, marketing, entertainment, education, accessibility, and heritage preservation. The current paper also identifies the theoretical foundation for the concept of a virtual community, providing clarifications of the core characteristics of virtual communities and the fundamental needs of community members. Perspectives of how to define and interpret virtual communities are discussed and issues related to the functions of virtual communities are explored from the member's viewpoint.Literature reviewVirtual communities have been the object of research since their emergence. Major research topics on them include social networking, reasons for and consequences from participating in VCs. The links between VC members may be maintained via a common mailing list (listserv), a blog or an e-group on a website like or . VCs are used to share information among their members with common interests. However, the process of information sharing is influenced by the trust each member has in the virtual community itself and in its individual members [3]. The Internet provides anonymity and a person can create different virtual identities and present him/ herself as another person.In the field of social sciences, web- and e-mail-based research communities (e.g.,TRINet, Atlas) facilitate knowledge dissemination and exchange of ideas among members, although recent research concludes that Internet use increases international cooperation and productivity of academics marginally [4]. VCs have recently been adopted in social studies research. Thomas et al. (2007) examined a discussion among community members with the potential to provide marketers with insights by making a content analysis of discussion forum messages in a fashion and style VC in . Thomas, Peters & Tolson (2007) performed a web survey targeting members of several free software VCs. Their results showed that participation in the activities carried out in a VC might foster consumer trust and loyalty to the mutual interest of the community [5]. In the field of tourism, Kim et al. (2004) distributed online questionnaires among Korean members in established, travel-related online VCs in portal sites in order to determine whether loyalty to an online VC would lead members to purchase products.Authors reported an effective response rate of 29% and gave practical recommendations about the features of a VC site on the company homepage which could lead to increased customer loyalty [6]. Chalkiti and Sigala (2008) examined the postings on the DIALOGOI virtual community of the Association of Greek Tourism Enterprises and distributed questionnaires to its members. They concluded that the VC promoted information sharing and idea generation, and geographically dispersed members working for different sectors managed to communicate asynchronously thus initiating both a social network and yielding usable information potentially developing into knowledge once applied in a business context [3].Virtual RealityNotable discrepancy exists regarding the definition of VR, as proposed definitions vary when describing the different features considered necessary to constitute an experience as VR. For this paper, VR is defined as the use of a computer-generated 3D environment - called a 'virtual environment' (VE) - that one can navigate and possibly interact with, resulting in real-time simulation of one or more of the user's five senses. 'Navigate' refers to the ability to move around and explore the VE, and 'interact' refers to the ability to select and move objects within theVE [7]. A VR experience can be described by its capacity to provide physical immersion and psychological presence. 'Immersion' refers to the extent to which a user is isolated from the real world. In a 'fully immersive system' the user is completely encompassed by the VE and has no interaction with the real world, while in a 'semiimmersive' or 'non-immersive system' the user retains some contact with the real world [6]. Consequently, ''A sign of presence is when people behave in a VE in a way that is close to the way they would behave in a similar real life situation''. Feelings of 'presence' are naturally subjective, being associated with a user's psychology, but they undoubtedly are influenced by a VR system's ability to provide high quality data to the users' senses. Not surprisingly, VR systems' capacity to provide such high quality, sensory data has improved dramatically since the emergence of VR-type technologies in the 1960s, and modern VR systems are already quite sophisticated [7].Applications of VR within the Tourism IndustryVR's attributes render it uniquely suitable for the visualization of spatial environments, which is why VR is commonly exploited for the purposes of urban, environmental, and architectural planning. In fact, over one decade ago Cheong (1995) recognized, ''VR has the potential to serve as an invaluable tool in the formulation of tourism policy and in the planning process as well''. Most obviously, VR permits the creation of realistic, navigable VEs that tourism planners can analyze when considering possible developments. When compared with rudimentary, two-dimensional blueprints or fixed, 3D models, VR models offer numerous advantages [8]. For instance, VR models allow planners to observe an environment from an unlimited number of perspectives instead of just a bird's-eye view, and they permit the rapid visualization of potential changes that subsequently can be assessed. VR also can serve as a useful tool for communicating tourism plans to members of an appropriate group or community, and possibly receiving input from such individuals [9].MarketingJust as VR can be used to plan and manage a destination, it also can be used tomarket a destination. Various authors have acknowledged VR's possible contributions to tourism marketing [10]. From a marketing perspective, VR has the potential to revolutionize the promotion and selling of tourism. VR's tourism marketing potential lies primarily in its ability to provide extensive sensory information to prospective tourists [11].Many tourism products do, in fact, already use VR or VR-type technologies to attract tourists. For instance, on the Internet one can find many hotels (e.g. ) and destinations (e.g. ) offering 'virtual tours'. These 'virtual tours' often are simply panoramic photographs that do not permit any free navigation, meaning they are not genuine VR, but they importantly still reveal an interest in VR-type technologies [12]. Also, numerous researchers have advocated the incorporation of such interactive features into tourism websites and these recommendations are supported by evidence from various studies.EntertainmentIn addition to serving as a tourism marketing tool, VR systems also can function directly as marketable, entertaining tourist attractions. In fact, the history of VR began with the 1962 patent of a device called the 'Sensorama Simulator' that offered entertaining, simulated motorcycle rides through New York City, providing 3D images, sound, wind, aromas, and seat vibrations [8]. As VR technology has subsequently evolved, the entertainment industry - and the video game industry in particular - has continued to play a large role in this evolution. Although many VR entertainment applications are designed for home use, others, like the Rewind Rome 3D 'edutainment' show, already have been established or will be established as attractions in tourism destinations. Another example of such an attraction is the Cyber Speedway in Las Vegas, in which the user maneuvers around a virtual speedway or roadway while sitting in a replica racecar with a 20-foot wraparound screen [13].EducationAside from simply being entertaining, VR also offers tremendous potential as an educational tool. The teaching potential of VR has been recognized by educators for many years and research already has found VR to be useful for educating students ofdifferent ages in a variety of subjects, including history [12], science and mathematics. This capacity appears to derive from several VR attributes that are particularly suited for education. For example, ''A VR model can be an efficient means of communicating a large amount of information because it leverages the user's natural spatial perception abilities''.AccessibilityThe opportunity for researchers like Sundstedt et al. (2004) to investigate virtual re-creations of different sites demonstrates the general increase in ''accessibility'' that VR provides to both researchers and the general tourist public. By definition, such access is limited to a virtual world, yet it certainly is preferable to any alternative apart from actual visitation, which in many cases may be impossible. For instance, a tourist site may be too remote, too expensive, too inhospitable, too dangerous, too fragile, or simply no longer exist. In addition to providing a best possible alternative in such scenarios, virtual models also can permit unique interaction with historical objects or other fragile items that cannot be handled in the real world [14].Heritage preservationThe list of heritage sites and objects that can be accessed virtually is constantly expanding and countless heritage sites and objects from around the world already have been digitized as 3D virtual models, although many are not available to the public. Some of the countless examples of heritage sites and objects that have been rendered as 3D models include Michelangelo's statues of David and the Florentine Pietà, over 150 sculptures from the Parthenon, the Great Buddha carving from Afghanistan and assorted Angkor temples in Cambodia [15]. Rendering such sites and objects as virtual 3D models can function as a valuable tool for heritage preservation because such virtual models can contain extremely precise and accurate data sets that theoretically can be stored indefinitely. While a site or object may suffer degradation from impacts like erosion, a VR model can provide precise information on its earlier form that can be used both to monitor degradation and offer a blueprint for restoration [16].Virtual reality as a tourism substituteAlthough VR substitutes may be ideal for preservation purposes, one naturally must question how receptive tourists would be toward such substitutes. Some tourists may sympathize with the preservation objectives of a VR substitute, but most people want to see reality and not only virtually. Moreover, many aspects of a tourist experience may never be fully replicable in VR. ''For instance, how is VR able accurately to simulate the smell of ocean spray and the splash of seawater on one's face as one participates in virtual surfing?''. In fact, in a 2001 survey involving 31 university students in Australia, the students almost unanimously rejected the prospect of using VR as a substitute for real travel, citing logical limitations such as the lack of spontaneity, the absence of opportunities to relax, and the inability to purchase souvenirs. Furthermore, it is possible that an attempted VR substitute would have the exact opposite of its desired preservationist impact and actually increase users' desire to visit the real site [16].In fact, countless existing tourism sites and activities already involve artificial, reproduced environments. For instance, at the World Showcase in Disney World's Epcot one can explore environments representing several different countries, and in Las Vegas hotel casinos like the Luxor and the Venetian one can observe recreated environments from ancient Egypt and Venice, respectively. However, the existence and popularity of such attractions in no way indicate that tourists view the attractions as acceptable substitutes, as few tourists probably would accept visiting the Venetian as an acceptable substitute for visiting Venice, for example. Nevertheless, other replicated environments seem to function better as genuine substitutes [14].Travelers' motivations and constraintsAn individual's willingness to accept a VR tourism substitute also will be influenced by the motivations behind his or her desire for the particular experience. Tourists often travel for pleasure, but they may also possess a variety of other, more complex motivations. These motivations may include personal push factors, such as the desire to escape one's daily routine, find excitement or novelty, or engage in social interaction. VR applications are capable of satisfying essentially all of one's pushfactors- yet only to a limited degree. For instance, VR can provide a form of 'escape', but this is a mental rather than physical 'escape'.Therefore, certain push and pull factors will best lend themselves to the suitability of a VR substitute. The opportunity to hold long-distance meetings in VR could supplant much business travel. On the other hand, tourists seeking risk and novelty probably would reject a VR substitute because the desired sensations could not be mimicked fully in such a controlled environment. Consequently, even tourists interested in visiting the same destination may vary in their acceptance of a VR substitute due to their divergent motivations. Motivations are not the sole actors guiding a tourist's decision making process, however, as they rather moderate this process in conjunction with constraints [15].Virtual CommunityPeople have different understandings of a virtual community, depending on their specific needs and the context in which they visit a virtual community. For some, it conjures up warm, fuzzy, reassuring images of people chatting and helping each other. For others, it generates dark images of conspiracy, subversive and criminal behavior, and invasion of privacy. Superficially, the term virtual community is not hard to understand, yet it is slippery to define. What makes it more difficult is owing to the fact that in a multidisciplinary field such as tourism, many definitions take a relatively narrow disciplinary perspective [16].Researchers in this field have been trying to abstract the essence of the virtual community and define it in a way that is acceptable to the majority of the people, if not all of them. The most often cited definition of a virtual community is first given by Rheingold (1994) as: ''social aggregations that emerge from the Net when enough people carry on those public discussions long enough, with sufficient human feelings, to form webs of personal relationships in cyberspace [17].At the opposite end of the social spectrum are the technology-oriented definitions. The software that supports online communities is a frequently used shorthand way of defining them. It is very common to hear ''techies'' refer to chat, bulletin board, listserv, Usenet News or Web-based community. E-commerce entrepreneurs anticipate thatonline communities not only will keep people at their sites, but will also have an important role in marketing, as people tell each other about their purchases and discuss banner ads, and help and advice each other [16]. But it is still debatable as to whether this highly commercial perspective of online communities complements or devalues the concept of virtual community.Based on the examination of all these questions and discussions about the definition of virtual community from a variety of perspectives, and considering the unique characteristics of community in cyberspace, its functions and features viewed from both theoretical abstraction and empirical application, this paper proposes the following framework to define the virtual community concept: virtual community as place; virtual community as symbol; and virtual community as virtual. These sociological and theoretical notions of virtual community can only be made feasible by the presence of groups of people who interact with specific purposes, under the governance of certain policies.Virtual community as placeFor the understanding of online community, people often make it analogous to physical community. In the latter, people group themselves into aggregated physical villages that they call communities-urban, rural, or suburban; people also group themselves into symbolic subdivisions based on lifestyle, identity, or character that they call communities-religious, professional, or philosophical. The community ideology has been deeply rooted in our society, and we have historically associated community with place. Analogously, a virtual community can be conceived as a place where people can develop and maintain social and economic relationships and explore new opportunities [13].Virtual community as symbolCommunity, like other social constructs, embodies a symbolic dimension. In the process of community creation, we tend to symbolically attach meaning to the community we belong to regardless the social or geographical characteristics of the community. In such an entity of community laden with symbolic meaning, we seek substance rather than form. One standard of measuring virtual community is to seewhether the community constructed can provide meaning and identity to its community members. In this sense, virtual community is a very personal thing and only the individual can tell if he or she feels a part of the community [18].Virtual community as virtualBeing virtual is one of the most important defining characteristics which distinguishes virtual communities from physical ones. Virtual communities are characterized by common value systems, norms, rules, and the sense of identity, commitment, and association that also characterize various physical communities. However, the notion of virtual community is inherently unique because of the new element in the virtual community's definitional mixcomputers which affect our ways we think about community, especially in a virtual way. The virtual community exists in the minds of participants; this, however, does not mean that virtual community exists solely in the minds of the participants. Thus if we log on, form relationships in cyberspace, and believe we have found community, it is real for us. In fact there is no true distinction between ''virtual'' community and ''real'' community since the term ''virtual'' means something akin to ''unreal'' and so the entailments of calling online communities ''virtual'' include spreading and reinforcing a belief that what happens online is like a community, but isn't really a community [19].Operational components of virtual tourist communityIt can be seen from the above discussion that a virtual community is place in manifestation, symbolic in nature, and virtual in form. Virtual community is not an entity but rather a process defined by its members. It possesses many essential traits as physical communities and the substance that allows for common experience and meaning among members. Judging by these criteria not all virtual social gatherings are virtual communities. Without the personal investment, intimacy, and commitment that characterizes our ideal sense of community, some on-line discussion groups and chat rooms are nothing more than a means of communication among people with common interests. In addition, a more comprehensive and complete understanding of the virtual community requires an examination of elements at a more operational level. These elements include people, purpose, policy, and computer systems [20]. Peopleare the heart of the community and without them, there is no community. Vibrant discussions, new ideas, and continually changing content distinguish online communities from Web pages. People in online communities play different roles, and such roles can have positive or negative impact on a community. Some roles that have been identified include: moderators and mediators, who guide discussions and serve as arbiters in disputes; professional commentators, who give opinions and guide discussions; general participants, who contribute to discussion; and lurkers, who silently observe [16].The purpose of a virtual community helps to understand what it wants to accomplish, who is the target audience, and how participating in the community would benefit the members. The purpose of the community also helps to define both its structure, and what resources (time, information, and expertise) will be needed to run the community. Communities that have clearly stated goals appear to attract people with similar goals; this creates a stable community in which there is less hostility. A successful community serves a clear purpose in the lives of its members and meets the fundamental goals of its owners. Though communities evolve, and the purpose will change along with the shifting social and economic landscape of the Web, articulating the purpose up front will help to focus thinking and create a coherent, compelling, and successful Web community [20].Community needs policy to direct online behavior. Specifically, policies are needed to determine: requirements for joining a community, the style of communication among participants, accepted conduct, privacy policies, security policies, and repercussions for nonconformance. Unwritten codes of conduct may also exist. The nature of the policies that govern the community and how they are presented can strongly influence who joins the community and its character [18].It is computer systems that make online community a new phenomenon by supporting and mediating social interaction and facilitating a sense of togetherness. The Internet has two particularly important roles: to enable millions of people to access vast quantities of information and to enable them to communicate with each other. Both are important to the success of online communities.Functions of virtual communities from the users' PerspectiveA successful virtual community must attract and keep enough members to make it worthwhile, and consequently a community builder has to focus on the specific benefits the members will realize by joining the community. The community will be doomed to fail if the basic needs of its members have not been met. The answers to questions regarding why people go to an online community and what draws them there are not simple ones and the reasons usually vary. Some may want information or support, to interact with others, others may want to have fun, meet new people, voice their own ideas, or make transactions [21].Thus, this paper proposes a model that relates three fundamental needs of virtual community members in their on-line activities: functional needs, social need, and psychological needs (Fig.2).Functional needsFunctional needs are met when community members go online to fulfill specific activities. It can be a transaction in which members buy and sell products or services [22]. It also can support information gathering and seeking for both learning purposes and facilitating decision-making. It can be entertainment and fantasy or the convenience or value the virtual community provides to its members where information can be accessed without concerns about time and geographical limits.Social needsVirtual communities are socially structured, convey social meaning, and meet social needs. These social needs may include relationship and interactivity among members since virtual communities give people with similar experiences the opportunity to come together, form meaningful personal relationships and communicate with each other in an interactive way; it may include trust between members and community owners and among community members which is the starting point in online communication; it may also include the fundamental function of any virtual community-communication.Psychological needsBesides fulfilling their functional and social needs, another basic contention of。
文旅宣传的好坏英语作文In the age of globalization and digitization, the tourism industry has transformed significantly, with a focus on cultural tourism becoming increasingly important. Cultural tourism involves visitors exploring the cultural heritage, traditions, and customs of a destination, seeking authentic experiences that are rich in history and culture. The promotion of cultural tourism is crucial in attracting these visitors and fostering a positive image of a destination. However, the effectiveness of such promotion depends on various factors, including the quality of the content, the target audience, and the medium used for dissemination.The quality of cultural and tourism promotion is paramount. High-quality promotion materials should accurately reflect the unique cultural identity of a destination, highlight its historical significance, and showcase its natural and man-made attractions. Well-crafted promotional videos, photos, and articles that evoke emotional responses and create a sense of curiosity among potential visitors are more likely to be shared andremembered. Conversely, poor-quality promotion that is generic, misleading, or inauthentic can damage adestination's reputation and deter potential visitors.Targeting the right audience is equally important. Cultural tourism promotion should be tailored to appeal to specific segments of the market, such as history buffs, art lovers, or adventure seekers. By understanding theinterests and preferences of these target groups, promotional efforts can be more targeted and effective. For example, promoting cultural events or heritage sites through social media platforms that are popular among younger travelers can help attract a younger demographic. The choice of medium for dissemination is also crucial. Digital media, especially social media and online travel platforms, have become integral to cultural tourism promotion. These platforms allow for real-time engagement with potential visitors, the sharing of user-generated content, and the creation of virtual experiences that enhance the appeal of a destination. However, traditional media such as print brochures and television advertisementscan still be effective in reaching specific audiences or in promoting niche cultural tourism products.Despite the significant role of promotion in cultural tourism, it should be noted that the quality of the actual tourism experience is ultimately what matters most. Promotional efforts can create interest and awareness, but if the visitor's experience is disappointing, it can damage the destination's reputation and hinder future growth. Therefore, it is essential to prioritize the enhancement of tourism infrastructure, cultural preservation, and the training of tourism professionals to ensure that visitors have a positive and memorable experience.In conclusion, the impact of cultural and tourism promotion is multifaceted and depends on various factors. High-quality promotion that accurately reflects a destination's cultural identity, targets specific market segments, and utilizes appropriate dissemination channels can significantly boost tourism growth and foster apositive image of a destination. However, it is crucial to remember that promotion is only one part of the equation,and it must be supported by quality tourism experiences and sustainable practices to achieve long-term success.**文旅宣传的好坏英语作文**在当今全球化和数字化的时代，旅游业发生了显著的变化，文化旅游的重要性日益凸显。
