大型纪录片电影《HOME》的英文字幕

Listen to me, please.You're like me, a homo sapiens, a wise human.Life, a miracle in the universe, appeared around 4 billion years ago.And we humans only 200,000 years ago.Yet we have succeeded in disrupting the balance so essential to life.Listen carefully to this extraordinary story, which is yours, and decide what you want to do with it.These are traces of our origins.At the beginning, our planet was no more than a chaos of fire, a cloud of agglutinated dust particles,like so many similar clusters in the universe.Yet this is where the miracle of life occurred.Today, life, our life, is just a link in a chain of innumerable living beings that have succeeded one another on Earth over nearly 4 billion years.And even today, new volcanoes continue to sculpt our landscapes.They offer a glimpse of what our Earth was like at its birth, molten rock surging from the depths,solidifying, cracking, blistering or spreading in a thin crust, before falling dormant for a time.These wreathes of smoke curling from the bowels of the Earth bear witness to the Earth's original atmosphere.An atmosphere devoid of oxygen.A dense atmosphere, thick with water vapor, full of carbon dioxide.A furnace.The Earth cooled.The water vapor condensed and fell in torrential downpours.At the right distance from the sun, not too far, not too near, the Earth's perfect balance enabled it to conserve water in liquid form.The water cut channels.They are like the veins of a body, the branches of a tree, the vessels of the sap that the water gave to the Earth.The rivers tore minerals from rocks, adding themto the oceans' freshwater.And the oceans became heavy with salt.Where do we come from?Where did life first spark into being?A miracle of time, primitive life formsThey give them their colors. They're called archeobacteria.They all feed off the Earth's heat.All except the cyanobacteria, or blue-green algae.They alone have the capacity to turn to the sun to capture its energy.They are a vital ancestor of all yesterday's and today's plant species.These tiny bacteria and their billions of descendants changed the destiny of our planet.They transformed its atmosphere.What happened to the carbon that poisoned the atmosphere?It's still here, imprisoned in the Earth's crust.Here, there once was a sea, inhabited by micro-organisms.They grew shells by tapping into the atmosphere's carbon now dissolved in the ocean.These strata are the accumulated shells of those billions and billions of micro-organisms.Thanks to them, the carbon drained from the atmosphere and other life forms could develop.It is life that altered the atmosphere.Plant life fed off the sun's energy, which enabled it to break apart the water molecule and take the oxygen.And oxygen filled the air.The Earth's water cycle is a process of constant renewal.Waterfalls, water vapor, clouds, rain,springs, rivers, seas, oceans, glaciers...The cycle is never broken.There's always the same quantity of water on Earth.All the successive species on Earth have drunk the same water.The astonishing matter that is water.One of the most unstable ofall.It takes a liquid form as running water, gaseous as vapor, or solid as ice.In Siberia, the frozen surfaces of the lakes in winter contain the trace of the forces that water deploys when it freezes.Lighter than water, the ice floats.It forms a protective mantle against the cold, under which life can go on.The engine of life is linkage.Everything is linked.Nothing is self-sufficient.Water and air are inseparable, united in life and for our life on Earth.Sharing is everything.The green expanse through the clouds is the source of oxygen in the air.70% of this gas, without which our lungs cannot function,comes from the algae that tint the surface of the oceans.Our Earth relies on a balance, in which every being has a role to play and exists only through the existence of another being.A subtle, fragile harmony that is easily shattered.Thus, corals are born from the marriage of algae and shells.Coral reefs cover less than 1% of the ocean floor, but they provide a habitat for thousands of species of fish, mollusks and algae.The equilibrium of every ocean depends on them.The Earth counts time in billions of years.It took more than 4 billion years for it to make trees.In the chain of species, trees are a pinnacle, a perfect, living sculpture.Trees defy gravity.They are the only natural element in perpetual movement toward the sky.They grow unhurriedly toward the sun that nourishes their foliage.They have inherited from these miniscule cyanobacteria the power to capture light's energy.They store it and feed off it, turning it into wood and leaves,which thendecompose into a mixture of water, mineral, vegetable and living matter.And so, gradually,soils are formed.Soils teem with the incessant activity of micro-organisms, feeding, digging, aerating and transforming.They make the humus, the fertile layer to which all life on land is linked.What do we know about life on Earth?How many species are we aware of? A tenth of them?What do we know about the bonds that link them?The Earth is a miracle.Life remains a mystery.Families of animals form, united by customs and rituals that are handed down through the generations.Some adapt to the nature of their pasture and their pasture adapts to them.And both gain.The animal sates its hunger and the tree can blossom again.In the great adventure of life on Earth, every species has a role to play,every species has its place.None is futile or harmful.They all balance out.And that's where you, homo sapiens, wise human,enter the story.You benefit from a fabulous 4-billion-year-old legacy bequeathed by the Earth.You are only 200,000 years old, but you have changed the face of the world.Despite your vulnerability, you have taken possession of every habitat and conquered swathes of territory, like no other species before you.After 180,000 nomadic years, and thanks to a more clement climate,humans settled down.They no longer depended on hunting for survival.They chose to live in wet environments that abounded in fish, game and wild plants.There where land, water and life combine.Even today, the majorityof humankind lives on the continents' coastlines or the banks of rivers and lakes.Across the planet, one person in four lives as humankind did 6,000 years ago, their only energy that which nature provides season after season.It's the way of life of 1.5 billion people, more than the combined population of all the wealthy nations.But life expectancy is short and hard labor takes its toll.The uncertainties of nature weigh on daily cation is a rare privilege.Children are a family's only asset as long as every extra pair of hands is a necessary contribution to its subsistence.Humanity's genius is to have always had a sense of its weakness.The physical strength, with which nature insufficiently endowed humans, is found in animals that help them to discover new territories.But how can you conquer the world on an empty stomach?The invention of agriculture turned our history on end.It was less than 10,000 years ago.Agriculture was our first great revolution.It resulted in the first surpluses and gave birth to cities and civilizations.The memory of thousands of years scrabbling for food faded.Having made grain the yeast of life, we multiplied the number of varieties and learned to adapt them to our soils and climates.We are like every species on Earth.Our principal daily concern is to feed ourselves.When the soil is less than generous and water becomes scarce, we are able to deploy prodigious efforts to extract from the land enough to live on.Humans shaped the land with the patience and devotion the Earth demands in an almost sacrificial ritualperformed over and over.Agriculture is still the world's most widespread occupation.Half of humankind tills the soil, over three-quarters of them by hand.Agriculture is like a tradition handed down from generation to generation in sweat, graft and toil, because for humanity it is a prerequisite of survival.But after relying on muscle-power for so long, humankind found a way to tap into the energy buried deep in the Earth.These flames are also from plants. A pocket of sunlight.Pure energy. The energy of the sun, captured over millions of years by millions of plants more than 100 million years ago.It's coal. It's gas.And, above all, it's oil.And this pocket of sunlight freed humans from their toil on the land.With oil began the era of humans who break free of the shackles of time.With oil, some of us acquired unprecedented comforts.And in 50 years, in a single lifetime, the Earth has been more radically changed than by all previous generations of humanity.Faster and faster. In the last 60 years, the Earth's population has almost tripled.And over 2 billion people have moved to the cities.Faster and faster.Shenzhen, in China, with hundreds of skyscrapers and millions of inhabitants,was just a small fishing village barely 40 years ago.Faster and faster.In Shanghai, 3,000 towers and skyscrapers have been built in 20 years. Hundreds more are under construction.Today, over half of the world's 7 billion inhabitants live in cities.New York.The world's first megalopolis is the symbol of the exploitation of the energy the Earth supplies to human genius.The manpower of millions of immigrants, the energy of coal, the unbridled 没有约束力的power of oil.America was the first to harness the phenomenal, revolutionary power of "black gold".In the fields, machines replaced men.A liter of oil generates as much energy as 100 pairs of hands in 24 hours.In the United States, only 3 million farmers are left.They produce enough grain to feed 2 billion people.But most of that grain is not used to feed people.Here, and in all other industrialized nations, it is transformed into livestock feed or biofuels.The pocket of sunshine's energy chased away the specter of drought that stalked farmland.No spring escapes the demands of agriculture, which accounts for 70% of humanity's water consumption.In nature, everything is linked.The expansion of cultivated land and single-crop farming encouraged the development of parasites.Pesticides, another gift of the petrochemical revolution, exterminated them.Bad harvests and famine became a distant memory.The biggest headache now was what to do with the surpluses engendered by modern agriculture.But toxic pesticides seeped into the air, soil, plants, animals, rivers and oceans.They penetrated the heart of cells similar to the mother cell shared by all forms of life.Are they harmful to the humans they released from hunger?These farmers in their yellow protective suits probably have a good idea.Then came fertilizers, another petrochemical discovery. They produced unprecedented results on plots of land thus far ignored.Crops adapted tosoils and climates gave way to the most productive varieties and easiest to transport.And so, in the last century, three-quarters of the varieties developed by farmers over thousands of years have been wiped out.As far as the eye can see, fertilizer below, plastic on top.The greenhouses of Almeria, Spain, are Europe's vegetable garden.A city of uniformly sized vegetables waits every day for hundreds of trucks，that will take them to the continent's supermarkets.The more a country develops, the more meat its inhabitants consume.How can growing worldwide demand be satisfied without recourse to concentration camp-style cattle farms?Faster and faster.Like the life cycle of livestock, which may never see a meadow.Manufacturing meat faster than the animal has become a daily routine.In these vast foodlots, trampled by millions of cattle, not a blade of grass grows.A fleet of trucks from every corner of the country brings tons of grain, soy meal and protein-rich granules that will become tons of meat.The result is that it takes 100 liters of water to produce 1 kilogram of potatoes, 4,000 liters for 1 kilo of rice and 13,000 liters for 1 kilo of beef.Not to mention the oil guzzled in the production process and transport.Our agriculture has become oil-powered.It feeds twice as many humans on Earth, but has replaced diversity with standardization.It gives many of us comforts we could only dream of, but it makes our way of life totally dependent on oil.This is the new measure of time.Our world's clock now beats to the rhythm of indefatigable<fatigue:疲倦> machinestapping into the pocket of sunlight……The whole planet is attentive to these metronomes of our hopes and illusions.The same hopes and illusions that proliferate along with our needs, increasingly insatiable desires and profligacy.We know that the end of cheap oil is imminent, but we refuse to believe it.For many of us, the American dream is embodied by a legendary name.Los Angeles.In this city that stretches over 100 kilometers, the number of cars is almost equal to the number of inhabitants.Here, energy puts on a fantastic show every night.The days seem no more than a pale reflection of nights that turn the city into a starry sky.Faster and faster.Distances are no longer counted in miles, but in minutes.The automobile shapes new suburbs, where every home is a castle, a safe distance from the asphyxiated city centers,and where neat rows of houses huddle around dead-end streets.The model of a lucky-few countries has become a universal dream preached by TVs all over the world.Even here in Beijing, it is cloned, copied and reproduced in these formatted houses that have wiped pagodas off the map.The automobile has become the symbol of comfort and progress.If this model were followed by every society, the planet wouldn't have 900 million vehicles, as it does today,but 5 billion.Faster and faster.The more the world develops, the greater its thirst for energy.Everywhere, machines dig, bore and rip from the Earth the pieces of stars buried in its depths since its creation...Minerals…….As a privilege of power, 80% of thismineral wealth is consumed by 20% of the world's population.Before the end of this century, excessive mining will have exhausted nearly all the planet's reserves.Faster and faster.Shipyards churn out oil tankers, container ships and gas tankers to cater for the demands of globalized industrial production.Most consumer goods travel thousands of kilometers from the country of production to the country of consumption.Since 1950, the volume of international trade has increased 20 times over.90% of trade goes by sea.500 million containers are transported every year.Headed for the world's major hubs of consumption, such as Dubai.Dubai is a sort of culmination of the Western model, a country where the impossible becomes possible.Building artificial islands in the sea, for example.Dubai has few natural resources, but with money from oil it can bring in millions of tons of material and workers from all over the planet.Dubai has no farmland, but it can import food.Dubai has no water, but it can afford to expend immense amounts of energy to desalinate seawater and build the world's highest skyscrapers.Dubai has endless sun, but no solar panels……..It is the totem to total modernity that never fails to amaze the world……Dubai is like the new beacon for all the world's money.Nothing seems further removed from nature than Dubai, although nothing depends on nature more than Dubai.Dubai is a sort of culmination of the Western model.We haven't understood that we're depleting what natureprovides.Since 1950, fishing catches have increased fivefold from 18 to 100 million metric tons a year.Thousands of factory ships are emptying the oceans.Three-quarters of fishing grounds are exhausted, depleted or in danger of being so.Most large fish have been fished out of existence since they have no time to reproduce.We are destroying the cycle of a life that was given to us.At the current rate, all fish stocks are threatened with exhaustion.Fish is the staple diet of one in five humans.We have forgotten that resources are scarce.500 million humans live in the world's desert lands, more than the combined population of Europe.They know the value of water.They know how to use it sparingly.Here, they depend on wells replenished by fossil water, which accumulated underground back when it rained on these deserts.25,000 years ago.Fossil water also enables crops to be grown in the desert to provide food for local populations.The fields' circular shape derives from the pipes that irrigate them around a central pivot.But there is a heavy price to pay.Fossil water is a non-renewable resource.In Saudi Arabia, the dream of industrial farming in the desert has faded.As if on a parchment map, the light spots on this patchwork show abandoned plots.The irrigation equipment is still there.The energy to pump water also.But the fossil water reserves are severely depleted.Israel turned the desert into arable land.Even though these hothouses are now irrigated drop by drop, water consumption continues to increase along with exports.The once mighty River Jordan isnow just a trickle.Its water has flown to supermarkets all over the world in crates of fruit and vegetables.The Jordan's fate is not unique.Across the planet, one major river in ten no longer flows into the sea for several months of the year.Deprived of the Jordan's water, the level of the Dead Sea goes down by over one meter per year.India risks being the country that suffers most from lack of water in the coming century.Massive irrigation has fed the growing population and in the last 50 years, 21 million wells have been dug.In many parts of the country, the drill has to sink every deeper to hit water.In western India, 30% of wells have been abandoned.The underground aquifers are drying out.Vast reservoirs will catch monsoon rains to replenish the aquifers.In the dry season, local village women dig them with their bare hands.Thousands of kilometers away, 800 to 1,000 liters of water are consumed per person per s Vegas was built out of the lions of people live there.Thousands more arrive every month.Its inhabitants are among the biggest water consumers in the world.Palm Springs is another desert city with tropical vegetationand lush golf courses.How long can this mirage continue to prosper?The Earth cannot keep up.The Colorado River, which brings water to these cities, is one of those rivers that no longer reaches the sea.Water levels in the catchment lakes along its course are plummeting.Water shortages could affect nearly 2 billion people before 2025.The wetlands represent6% of the surface of the planet.Under their calm waters lies a veritable factory, where plants and micro-organisms patiently filter the water and digest all the pollution. These marshes are indispensable environments for the regeneration and purification of water.They are sponges that regulate the flow of water.They absorb it in the wet season and release it in the dry season.In our race to conquer more land, we have reclaimed them as pasture for livestock,or as land for agriculture or building.In the last century, half the world's marshes were drained.We know neither their richness nor their role.All living matter is linked.Water, air, soil, trees.The world's magic is right in front of our eyes.Trees breathe groundwater into the atmosphere as light mist.They form a canopy that alleviates the impact of heavy rains.The forests provide the humidity that is necessary for life.They store carbon, containing more than all the Earth's atmosphere.They are the cornerstone of the climatic balance on which we all depend.The primary forests provide a habitat for three-quarters of the planet's biodiversity, that is to say, of all life on Earth.These forests provide the remedies that cure us.The substances secreted by these plants can be recognized by our bodies.Our cells talk the same language.We are of the same family.But in barely 40 years, the world's largest rainforest, the Amazon, has been reduced by 20%.The forest gives way to cattle ranches or soybean farms.95% of these soybeans are used to feed livestock and poultry inEurope and Asia.And so, a forest is turned into meat.Barely 20 years ago, Borneo, the 4th largest island in the world, was covered by a vast primary forest.At the current rate of deforestation, it will have disappeared within 10 years.Living matter bonds water, air, earth and the sun.In Borneo, this bond has been broken in what was one of the Earth's greatest reservoirs of biodiversity.This catastrophe was provoked by the decision to produce palm oil, one of the most productive and consumed oils in the world, on Borneo.Palm oil not only caters to our growing demand for food, but also cosmetics, detergents and, increasingly, alternative fuels.The forest's diversity was replaced by a single species, the oil palm.For local people, it provides employment.It's an agricultural industry.Another example of massive deforestation is the eucalyptus.Eucalyptus is used to make paper pulp.Plantations are growing as demand for paper has increased fivefold in 50 years.One forest does not replace another forest.At the foot of these eucalyptus trees, nothing grows because their leaves form a toxic bed for most other plants.They grow quickly, but exhaust water reserves.Soybeans, palm oil, eucalyptus trees...Deforestation destroys the essential to produce the superfluous.But elsewhere, deforestation is a last resort to survive.Over 2 billion people, almost one third of the world's population,still depend on charcoal.In Haiti, one of the world's poorest countries,charcoal is one of the population's main consumables.Once the"pearl of the Caribbean", Haiti can no longer feed its population without foreign aid.On the hills of Haiti, only 2% of the forests are left.Stripped bare, nothing holds the soils back.The rainwater washes them down the hillsides as far as the sea.What's left is increasingly unsuitable for agriculture.In some parts of Madagascar, the erosion is spectacular.Whole hillsides bear deep gashes hundreds of meters wide.Thin and fragile, soil is made by living matter.With erosion, the fine layer of humus, which took thousands of years to form, disappears.Here's one theory of the story of the Rapanui, the inhabitants of Easter Island,that could perhaps give us pause for thought.Living on the most isolated island in the world, the Rapanui exploited their resources until there was nothing left.Their civilization did not survive.On these lands stood the highest palm trees in the world.They have disappeared.The Rapanui chopped them all down for lumber.They then faced widespread soil erosion.The Rapanui could no longer go fishing. There were no trees to build canoes.Yet the Rapanui formed one of the most brilliant civilizations in the Pacific.Innovative farmers, sculptors, exceptional navigators, they were caught in the vise of overpopulation and dwindling resources.They experienced social unrest, revolts and famine.Many did not survive the cataclysm.The real mystery of Easter Island is not how its strange statues got there, we know now.It is why the Rapanui didn't react in time.It's only one of a number of theories, but ithas particular relevance today.Since 1950, the world's population has almost tripled.And since 1950, we have more fundamentally altered our island, the Earth,than in all of our 200,000-year history.Nigeria is the biggest oil exporter in Africa, yet 70% of the population lives under the poverty line.The wealth is there, but the country's inhabitants don't have access to it.The same is true all over the globe.Half the world's poor live in resource-rich countries.Our mode of development has not fulfilled its promises.In 50 years, the gap between rich and poor has grown wider than ever.Today, half the world's wealth is in the hands of the richest 2% of the population.Can such disparities be maintained?They are the cause of population movements whose scale we have yet to fully realize.The city of Lagos had a population of 700,000 in 1960.That will rise to 16 million by gos is one of the fastest growing megalopolises in the world.The new arrivals are mostly farmers forced off the land for economic or demographic reasons, or because of diminishing resources.This is a radically new type of urban growth, driven by the urge to survive rather than to prosper. Every week, over a million people swell the populations of the world's cities.1 human in 6 now lives in a precarious, unhealthy, overpopulated environment without access to daily necessities, such as water, sanitation, electricity.Hunger is spreading once more.It affects nearly 1 billion people.All over the planet, the poorest scrabble to survive, while we continue to dig for resources that we can nolonger live without.We look farther and farther afield in previously unspoilt territory and in regions that are increasingly difficult to exploit.We're not changing our model.Oil might run out?We can still extract oil from the tar sands of Canada.The biggest trucks in the world move thousands of tons of sand.The process of heating and separating bitumen from the sand requires millions of cubic meters of water.Colossal amounts of energy are needed.The pollution is catastrophic.The most urgent priority, apparently, is to pick every pocket of sunlight.Our oil tankers are getting bigger and bigger.Our energy requirements are constantly increasing.We try to power growth like a bottomless oven that demands more and more fuel.It's all about carbon.In a few decades, the carbon that made our atmosphere a furnace and that nature captured over millions of years, allowing life to develop, will have largely been pumped back out.The atmosphere is heating up.It would have been inconceivable for a boat to be here just a few years ago.Transport, industry, deforestation, agriculture...Our activities release gigantic quantities of carbon dioxide.Without realizing it, molecule by molecule, we have upset the Earth's climatic balance.All eyes are on the poles, where the effects of global warming are most visible.It's happening fast, very fast.The north-west passage that connects America, Europe and Asia via the pole, is opening up.The arctic ice cap is melting.Under the effect of global warming, the ice cap has lost 40% of its thickness in 40 years.Its surfacearea in the summer shrinks year by year.It could disappear in the summer months by 2030.Some say 2015.The sunbeams that the ice sheet previously reflected back now penetrate the dark water, heating it up.The warming process gathers pace.This ice contains the records of our planet.The concentration of carbon dioxide hasn't been so high for several hundred thousand years.Humanity has never lived in an atmosphere like this.Is excessive exploitation of resources threatening the lives of every species?Climate change accentuates the threat.By 2050, a quarter of the Earth's species could be threatened with extinction.In these polar regions, the balance of nature has already been disrupted.Around the North Pole, the ice cap has lost 30% of its surface area in 30 years.But as Greenland rapidly becomes warmer, the freshwater of a whole continent flows into the salt water of the oceans.Greenland's ice contains 20% of the freshwater of the whole planet.If it melts, sea levels will rise by nearly 7 meters.But there is no industry here.Greenland's ice sheet suffers from greenhouse gases emitted elsewhere on Earth.Our ecosystem doesn't have borders.Wherever we are, our actions have repercussions on the whole Earth.Our planet's atmosphere is an indivisible whole.It is an asset we share.In Greenland, lakes are appearing on the landscape.The ice cap is melting at a speed even the most pessimistic scientists did not envision 10 years ago.More and more of these glacier-fed rivers are merging together and burrowing though the surface.It was thought the water would freeze。

《Home》⼀部震撼⼼灵的纪录⽚法国著名纪录⽚导演 Yann Arthus-Bertrand，让2000个⼈坐在镜头前，讲出他们⾃⼰⼀⽣中最隐秘的故事，并以此拍摄了⼀部震撼⼈⼼的电影——《⼈类》！这是⼀部筹备15年，跨越50多个国家，动⽤88000名员⼯，21个⽉拍摄完成，已被翻译成14种语⾔，中⽂由周迅配⾳的，⾮常美、⾮常棒的记录⽚。

周迅说：“这是⼀部震撼⼈⼼的纪录⽚，我在配⾳的过程⾥哭了好⼏次。

第⼀次看完这个纪录⽚，我就觉得⼀定要为这个电影做些什么，⼀定要让这个纪录⽚被更多的⼈看到。

”△美国黄⽯公园⼤棱镜温泉你可曾见过视觉如此唯美震撼的地球？澳⼤利亚⼤堡礁地球，是宇宙的奇迹，⽣命的摇篮，⼈类共同的家园。

她给⼈类提供⽣存的空间和资源，使⼈类在这⾥⽣息繁衍。

史上投资最⼤的环保纪录⽚——《Home》的导演，是著名法国摄影师、⽣态学家、环境保护者Yann Arthus-Bertrand (扬·阿尔蒂斯-贝特朗)，Yann Arthus-Bertrand专门从事空中摄影已超过30年，极具声望。

他的空中摄影作品集《Earth from Above（鸟瞰地球）》被翻译成24种语⾔，销售量超过3百万册；同名的免费摄影展在全球110个城市展出，观众达1.2亿⼈次。

⽽《Home》，便是Yann Arthus-Bertrand 30年空中摄影和环保⼯作的⼀次动态精华荟萃。

法国著名导演吕克·贝松 ( Luc Besson, 《这个杀⼿不太冷》、《第五元素》导演) 则担任《Home》的制⽚。

贝特朗和他的团队耗费了⼀年半时间，遍历整个地球，才得以完成此⽚。

来⾃五⼗多个国家的影像给⼈类带来了这样⼀个信息：我们应当认识到⼈类对地球的残酷掠夺，应当改变我们的消费模式。

演员周迅为了将本⽚引进中国颇费周折，她为该⽚的中⽂版进⾏了旁⽩配⾳。

拍摄幕后经过四⼗亿年的漫长演变，地球变成⼀个物种繁多、资源丰富、奇特美丽的蓝⾊星球。

生态翻译学视角下纪录片的字幕翻译大型英文纪录片《伟大工程巡礼》（Megastructure）在美国国家地理频道（National Geographic）开播以来，受到了国内外观众的强烈关注。

但由于语言障碍，大多数中国观众需借助字幕翻译才能更好地理解此纪录片。

与影视剧的字幕翻译不同，纪录片的内容具有较强的专业性和知识性，所提出的翻译要求也高于影视剧字幕翻译，因而探讨纪录片的字幕翻译十分必要。

生态翻译学最早是由胡庚申教授提出，近十几年来，取得了诸多令人瞩目的研究成果。

以生态翻译学为理论支撑，采用理论探讨和实例剖析相结合的方法，着重分析了译者在语言维度、文化维度和交际维度所作出的“适应”与“选择”，从而验证了生态翻译学理论对纪录片字幕翻译的指导意义，并对纪录片字幕翻译的理论研究视角有所补充。

标签：生态翻译学纪录片字幕翻译《伟大工程巡礼》三维转换在众多的影視作品当中，纪录片作为一种特殊的影视形式，向观众呈现了出生动形象的画面，为中外文化交流起到了不可忽视的作用。

中西方有着不同的语言，语言中又蕴含着不同的文化、思维和语言习惯等。

大多数中国观众若想更透彻地了解纪录片的内容，不得不借助字幕翻译。

不仅如此，中西文化差异较大，英文纪录片所蕴含的文化因素以及中西语言表达方式的异同，会使中国观众在理解上遇到障碍。

《伟大工程巡礼》在CCTV（中国中央电视台）、爱奇艺、优酷等播放平台播出之后，受到了国内观众的热捧。

究其原因，除了该系列纪录片所选题材独特、拍摄画面精彩之外，也离不开其高质量的字幕翻译。

译者所面对的翻译生态环境有别于其他文学翻译和影视剧字幕翻译。

因而，从生态翻译学的视角探讨《伟大工程巡礼》的字幕翻译意义重大。

一、生态翻译学简述生态翻译学最早是由胡庚申教授提出，近十几年来，取得了诸多令人瞩目的研究成果。

生态翻译学理论以达尔文进化论中的“自然选择”与“适者生存”学说以及华夏生态文明智慧为理论基石，从“生态整体主义”的视角系统地探究翻译的过程。

法国09记录大片《家园Home》中英文对照字幕和影评本文来源：/shuimu%5Fqing该电影用了18个月时间在50多个国家进行拍摄，2009年6月5日全球电影院、电视台、DVD、互联网首映，免费无版权方式。

官方网站：/us/index.html影评：Mtime一句话影评，wires：超唯美的纪录片，每一分钟的定格都是美丽至极，有的是自然之美、远古之美，但更多的是脆弱之美、邪恶之美、贪欲之美、即将消失之美。

(豆瓣)xoxo:花费15年拍摄的记录片，WOW!片子由我最崇拜的法籍摄影师Yann Arthus-Bertrand拍的，采集了地球上最美的北极、西伯利亚、南极、格陵兰岛、乞力马扎罗山、喜马拉雅山脉、世界大城市上空鸟瞰之景（迪拜、洛杉矶、东京、北京、上海、班加罗尔）、非洲大草原、亚马逊河、马尔代夫等等，以极致诗意化的记录描述，阐释20世纪以来的现代人，是如何打破这一切完美的生态平衡的。

再过50年，我们的地球将面临生态灾难，而这不是科幻小说的情节，因为切切实实地极地冰盖层在加速地消失着，希望大家都能看看这部片子。

(豆瓣)Iris☪(loathe)来，我们给自己写下墓志铭没有完整看简介，看到说导演用了15年，走了50个国家进行拍摄，也好奇豆瓣9.3的高分，于是下了这部《家园》。

影片开头的十几分钟，绚丽的色彩、开阔的俯瞰以及那些自然景观形成的抽象图形和线条让我误以为这是一部歌颂地球和谐美好，大自然鬼斧神工的风光片——我完全错了。

航拍画面平稳推进，背景音乐散发着神秘气息，旁白用第二人称描述人类的时候，仿佛有一种神明的视角与口吻。

当然我们多数人早就被打造成坚定的无神论者了，被问及信仰的时候可以轻蔑地讪笑对方。

没有信仰，于是也没有忌惮，相信人定胜天，相信无限的主观能动性。

即使偶尔搬出神仙们来，也多是为了些自己的琐碎小事。

我们的专注力相当有限，专注于积敛财富，经营舒适生活，追求幸福人生。

当场景从自然变作乡村，变作城镇，最终变成摩天大楼林立的钢筋森林的时候，我一时错觉，仿佛看到科幻片里邪恶力量切入的铺垫。

[06.16][法国][家园/卢贝松抢救地球(加长)][BD-RMVB/1.22G][中英双字][1024分辨率][06.16][法国][家园/卢贝松抢救地球(加长)][BD-RMVB/1.22G][中英双字][1024分辨率]【家园/卢贝松之抢救地球(加长版)】【BD-RMVB/中英双字】【1024分辨率】QUOTE:蓝光版比原来的DVD版本长出大约30分钟的内容。

没有“剧本”只有“真实”你知道吗？地球经历了40亿年的光阴，而人类只出现了20万年，但是人类却在这20万年将地球的资源几乎消耗殆尽！身为地球的一份子，你愿意好好呵护它吗？地球的美丽与哀愁等你一起来探索...◎译名家园/地球很美有赖你/卢贝松之抢救地球◎片名Home◎年代2009◎国家法国◎类别纪录片◎语言英语◎字幕中英双字◎IMDB评分8.4/10(797votes)◎文件格式BD-RMVB◎视频尺寸1024X576◎文件大小1CD◎片长93Mins◎导演扬恩·亚瑟YannArthus-Bertrand....(asYannArthus)◎主演格伦·克洛斯GlennClose...Narrator(voice)◎简介导演扬恩·亚瑟花了15年时间筹备，走访50个国家拍摄，由澳洲海底的大堡礁到非洲肯亚高原的乞力马扎罗山；亚玛逊热带雨林到戈壁沙漠；美国德萨斯州连绵不断的棉花田到中国上海的工业城镇。

如诗如画的美景唤醒世人，乐观地珍视我们仍然保有的50％雨林，而非只着眼那失去的一半；更重要是地球60亿人类都应该醒觉，我们的责任所在……卢贝松首度监制，国际名摄影师杨亚祖贝特杭执导的纪录片。

以客观的角度阐述地球的诞生，演变以及地球现今所面临的种种问题！以一幕幕自然漂亮的画面带观众认识美丽的地球，并借此宣扬环保的重要以及迫切性。

自人类出现在地球上的二十万年以来，这个星球历经近四十亿年演化所建立起的平衡，不再井然有序。

我们为此付出的代价太过高昂，但现在不是悲观的时刻--人类还有十年能扭转这股趋向，了解过去我们巧取豪夺地球丰饶资源的完整真相，并改变人类的消耗模式。

美食纪录片字幕的英文翻译研究
李丹
【期刊名称】《中国食品》
【年(卷),期】2024()8
【摘要】美食纪录片不仅记录了我国丰富多样的美食文化,也承载着深厚的历史和文化内涵。

做好美食纪录片字幕的英文翻译,能够广泛传播本国饮食文化,提升文化软实力。

本文首先分析了美食纪录片字幕英文翻译的重要意义,然后提出了翻译过程中的难点问题,最后提出了翻译对策。

【总页数】3页(P131-133)
【作者】李丹
【作者单位】信阳农林学院
【正文语种】中文
【中图分类】J95
【相关文献】
1.中原美食文化纪录片字幕翻译研究
2.中国美食文化对外传播中的英文翻译——《用英语介绍中国美食》评述
3.媒体融合背景下美食纪录片空间重构探析——基于美食纪录片《圈粉食刻》创作讨论
4.生态翻译学视角下美食短视频字幕英译研究——以贵州美食短视频字幕英译为例
因版权原因，仅展示原文概要，查看原文内容请购买。

纪录片英语发展史字幕英文回答：The history of English documentary films is afascinating journey that showcases the evolution and development of the medium. From its early beginnings in the late 19th century to the present day, English documentaries have played a significant role in capturing real-life events, exploring social issues, and providing a platformfor storytelling.One of the earliest examples of English documentaryfilms is "Nanook of the North" (1922), directed by Robert J. Flaherty. This groundbreaking film depicted the life of an Inuit family in the Canadian Arctic and introduced the concept of the documentary as a form of storytelling. It showcased the challenges faced by the Inuit community and shed light on their way of life, making it a compelling and educational experience for viewers.Another notable milestone in the history of English documentary films is the emergence of the British Documentary Movement in the 1930s. Filmmakers such as John Grierson and Humphrey Jennings pioneered a new approach to documentary filmmaking, focusing on social issues and advocating for social change. Films like "Night Mail" (1936) and "Listen to Britain" (1942) captured the spirit of the times and provided a voice for the working class, highlighting their struggles and aspirations.In the post-war era, English documentary filmscontinued to evolve, reflecting the changing social and political landscape. The 1960s and 1970s witnessed a surgein observational documentaries, where filmmakers like Frederick Wiseman and Albert and David Maysles adopted afly-on-the-wall approach to capture real-life situations. Films like "Titicut Follies" (1967) and "Grey Gardens" (1975) offered an unfiltered glimpse into the lives of individuals in institutional settings, challenging societal norms and raising awareness about important issues.The advent of digital technology in the late 20thcentury revolutionized the documentary filmmaking process.It made filmmaking more accessible and allowed filmmakersto experiment with new storytelling techniques. For example, Michael Moore's "Bowling for Columbine" (2002) used a blend of interviews, archival footage, and personal narration to explore the causes and consequences of the 1999 massacre at Columbine High School. This film not only entertained and informed audiences but also sparked a nationwide debate on gun control in the United States.In recent years, English documentary films have embraced a wide range of subjects and styles. From environmental documentaries like "An Inconvenient Truth" (2006) to true crime series like "Making a Murderer" (2015), the genre has expanded to cater to diverse interests and tastes. Documentaries have also found a new home on streaming platforms like Netflix and Amazon Prime, reaching a global audience and further blurring the lines between traditional filmmaking and television.中文回答：英语纪录片的发展史是一段迷人的旅程，展示了这一媒介的演变和发展。

__________HOME.____By Sprawling.Listen to me, please. You’re like me, a homo sapiens. A wise human.Life, a miracle in the universe, appeared around four billion years ago, and we humans only 200,000 years ago. Yet we have succeeded in disrupting the balance that is so essential to life on Earth.Listen carefully to this extraordinary story, which is yours, and decide what you want to do with it.These are traces of our origins. At the beginning, our planet was no more than a chaos of fire, formed in the wake of its star, the sun. A cloud of agglutinated dust particles, similar to so many similar clusters in the universe. Yet this was where the miracle of life occurred.Today, life-our life-is just a link in a chain of innumerable living beings that have succeeded one another on Earth over nearly four billion years. And even today, new volcanoes continue to sculpt our landscapes. They offer a glimpse of what our Earth was like at its birth---molten rock surging from the depths, solidifying, cracking, blistering or spreading in a thin crust, before fabling dormant for a time.These wreaths of smoke curling from th e bowels of the Earth bear witness to the Earth’s original atmosphere. An atmosphere devoid of oxygen. A dense atmosphere, thick with water vapor, full of carbon dioxide. A furnace.But the Earth had an exceptional future, offered to it by water. At the right distance from the sun---not too far, not too near, the Earth was able to conserve water in liquid form. Water vapor condensed and fell in torrential downpours on Earth, and rivers appeared.The rivers shaped the surface of the Earth, cutting their channels, furrowing out valleys. They ran toward the lowest places on the globe to form the oceans. They tore minerals from the rocks, and gradually the freshwater of the oceans became heavy with salt.Water is a vital liquid. It irrigated these sterile expanses. The paths it traced are like the veins of a body, the branches of a tree, the vessels of the sap that it brought to the Earth.Nearly four billion years later, somewhere on Earth can still be found these works of art, left by the volcanoes’ ash, mi xed with water from Iceland’s glaciers. There they are- matter and water, water and matter-soft and hard combined, the crucial alliance shared by every life-form on our planet.Minerals and metals are even older than the Earth. They are stardust. They provide the Earth’s colors. Red from iron, black from carbon, blue from copper, yellow from sulfur.Where do we come from?Where did life first spark into being?A miracle of time, primitive life-forms still exist in the globe’s hot springs. They give them their colors. They’re called archaeobacteria. They all feed off the Earth’s heat all except the c yanobacteria, or blue-green algae. They alone have the capacity to turn the sun to capture its energy. They are a vital ancestor of all yesterday’s and toda y’s plant species. These tiny bacteria and their billions of descendants changed the destiny of our planet. They transformed its atmosphere.What happened to the carbon that poisoned the atmosphere?It’s still here, imprisoned in the Earth’s crust.We can read this chapter of the Earth’s history nowhere better than on the walls of Colorado’s Grand Canyon. They reveal nearby two billion years of the Earth’s history. Once upon a time, the Grand Canyon was a sea inhabited by microorganisms. They grew their shells by tapping into carbon from the atmosphere dissolved in the ocean. When they died, the shells sank and accumulated on the sealed. These strata are the product of those billions and billions of shells.Thanks to them, the carbon drained from the atmosphere, and other life-forms could develop.It is life that altered the atmosphere. Plant life fed off the sun’s energy, which enabled it to break apart the water molecule and take the oxygen. And oxygen filled the air.The Earth’s water cycle is a proces s of constant renewal. Waterfalls, water, vapor, clouds, rain, springs, rivers, seas, oceans, glaciers. The cycle is never broken. There’s always the same quantity of water on Earth. All the successive species on Earth have drunk the same water. The astonishing matter that is water. One of the most unstable of all. It takes a liquid form as running water, gaseous as vapor or solid as ice.In Siberia, the frozen surfaces of the lakes in winter contain the traces of the forces that water deploys when it freezes. Lighter than water, the ice floats, rather than sinking to the bottom. It forms a protective mantle against the cold, under which life can go on.The engine of life is linkage. Everything is linked. Nothing is self-sufficient. Water and air are inseparable, united in life and for our life on Earth. Thus, clouds form over the oceans and bring rain to the landmasses, whose rivers carry water back to the oceans.Sharing is everything.The green expanse peeking through the clouds is the source of oxygen in the air. Seventy percent of this gas, without which our lungs cannot function, comes from the algae that tint the surface of the oceans.Our Earth relies on a balance in which every being has a role to play and exists only through the existence of another being. A subtle, fragile harmony that is easily shattered. Thus, corals are born from the marriage of algae and shells. The Great Barrier Reef, off the coast of Australia, stretches over 350,000 square kilometers and is home to 1,500 species of fish, 4000 species of mollusks and 400 species of coral. The equilibrium of every ocean depends on these corals.The Earth counts time in billions of years. It took more than four billion years for it to make trees. In the chain of species, trees are a pinnacle, a perfect living sculpture. Trees defy gravity. They are the only natural element in perpetual movement toward the sky. They grow unhurriedly the sun that nourishes their foliage. They have inherited from those minuscule cyanobacteria the power to captur e light’s energy. They store it and feed off it, turning it into wood and leaves, which then decompose into a mixture of water, mineral, vegetable and living matter.And so, gradually, the soils that are indispensable to life are formed. Soils are the factory of biodiversity. They are a word of incessant activity where microorganisms feed, dig, aerate and transform. They make the humus, the fertile layer to which all life on land is linked.What do we know about life on Earth? How many species are we aware of? A10th of them? A hundredth perhaps? What do we know about the bonds that link them?The Earth is a miracle. Life remains a mystery.Families of animals form, united by customs and rituals that survive today. Some adapt to the nature of their pasture, and their pasture adapts to them. And both gain. The animal sates its hunger, and the tree can blossom again.In the great adventure of life on Earth, every species has a role to play, every species has its place. None is futile or harmful. They all balance out.And that’s where you, Homo sapiens-“wise human”-enter the story. You benefit from a fabulous four-billion-year-old legacy bequeathed by the Earth. You’re only 200,000 years old, but you have changed the face of the world. Despite your vulnerability, you have taken possession of every habitat and conquered swaths of territory like no other species before you. After 180,000 nomadic years, and thanks to a more clement climate, humans settled down. They no longer depended on hunting for survival. They chose to live in wet environments that abounded in fish, game and wild plants. There, where land, water and life combine.Human genius inspired them to build canoes, an invention that opened up new horizons and turned humans into navigators.E ven today, the majority of humankind lives on the continents’ coastlines or the banks of rivers and lakes.The first towns grew up less than 600 years ago. It was a considerable leap in human history. Whytowns? Because they allowed humans to defend themselves more easily. They became social beings, meeting and sharing knowledge and crafts, blending their similarities and differences. In a word, they became civilized.But the only energy at their disposal was provided by nature and the strength of their bodies. It was the story of humankind for thousands of years. It still is for one person in four—over one and a half billion human beings—more than the combined population of all the wealthy nations.Taking from the Earth only the strictly necessary. For a long time, the relationship between humans and the planet was evenly balanced. For a long time, the economy seemed like a natural and equitable alliance. But life expectancy is short, and hard labor takes its toll. The uncertainties of nature weigh on dai ly life. Education is a rare privilege. Children are a family’s only asset, as long as every extra pair of hands is a necessary contribution to its subsistence. The Earth feeds people, clothes them and provides for their daily needs. Everything comes from the Earth.Towns change humanity’s nature, as well as its destiny. The farmer becomes a craftsman, trader or peddler. What the Earth gives the farmer, the city dweller buys, sells or barters. Goods change hands, along with ideas.Humanity’s genius is to have always had a sense of its weakness. Humans tried to extend the frontiers of their territory, but they knew their limits. The physical energy and strength with which nature had not endowed them was found in the animals they domesticated to serve them.But how can you conquer the world on an empty stomach? The invention of agriculture transformed the future of the wild animals scavenging for food that were humankind. Agriculture turned their history on end. Agriculture was their first great revolution. Developed barely 8,000 to 10,000 years age, it changedtheir relationship to nature. It brought an end to the uncertainty of hunting and gathering. It resulted in the first surpluses and gave birth to cities and civilizations. For their agriculture, humans harnessed the energy of animal species and plant life from which they at last extracted the profits. The memory of thousands of years scrabbling for food faded. They learned to adapt the grains that are the yeast of life to different soils and climates. They learned to increase the yield and multiply the number of varieties.Like every species on Earth, the principal daily concern of all humans is to feed themselves and their family. When the soil is less generous and water becomes scarce, humans deploy prodigious efforts to mark a few arid acres with the imprint of their labor. Human shaped the land with the patience and devotion that the Earth demands, in an almost sacrificial ritual performed over and over.Agriculture is still t he world’s most widespread occupation. Half of humankind tills the soil, over three-quarters of them by hand. Agriculture is like a tradition handed down from generation to generation in sweat, graft and toil, because for humanity it is a prerequisite of survival.But after relying on muscle power for so long, humankind found a way to tap into the energy buried deep in the Earth.These flames are also from plants. A pocket of sunlight. Pure energy—the energy of the sun captured over millions of years by millions of plants more than a hundred million years ago. It’s coal. It’s gas. And above all, it’s oil. And this pocket of sunlight freed humans from their toil on the land. With oil began the era of humans who break free of the shackles of time. With oil, some of us acquired unprecedented comforts. And in 50 years, in a single lifetime, the Earth has been more radically changed than by all previous generations of humanity.Faster and faster. In the last 60 years, the Earth’s population has almost tripled, and over two billon people have moved to the cities. Faster and faster. Shenzhen, in China, with its hundreds of skyscrapers and millions of inhabitants, was just a small fishing village barely 40 years ago. Faster and faster. In Shanghai, 3,000 towers and skyscrapers have been built in 20 years. Hundreds more are under construction.Today, over half of the world’s seven billion inhabitants live in cities. New York. The world’s first megalopolis is the symbol of the exploitation of the energy the Earth supplies to human genius. The manpower of millions of immigrants, the energy of coal, the unbridled power of oil. Electricity resulted in the invention of elevators, which in turn permitted the invention of skyscrapers. New York ranks as the 16th–largest economy in the world.American was the first to discover, exploit and harness the phenomenal revolutionary power of black gold. With its help, a country of farmers became a country of agricultural industrialists. Machines replaced men. A liter of oil generates as much energy as 100 pairs of hands in 24 hours, but worldwide only three percent of farmers have use of a tractor. Nonetheless, their output dominates the planet.In the United States, only three million farmers are left. They produce enough grain to feed two billion people. But most of that grain is not used to feed people. Here, and in all other industrialized nations, it’s transformed into livestock feed or biof uels.The pocket of sunshine’s energy chased away the specter of drought that stalked farmland. No spring escapes the demands of agriculture, which accounts for 70% of humanity’s water consumption.In nature, everything is linked. The expansion of cultivated land and single-crop farming encouraged the development of parasites. Pesticides, another gift of the petrochemical revolution, exterminated them. Bad harvests and famine became a distant memory. The biggest headache now was what to do with thesurpluses engendered by modern agriculture.But toxic pesticides seeped into the air, soil, plants, animals, rivers and oceans. They penetrated the heart of cells similar to the mother cell that is shared by all forms of life. Are they harmful to the humans that they released from hunger? These farmers, in their yellow protective suits, probably have a good idea.The new agriculture abolished the dependence on soils and seasons. Fertilizers produced unprecedented results on plots of land thus far ignored. Crops adapted to soils and climates gave way to the most productive varieties and the easiest to transport. And so, in the last century, three-quarters of the varieties developed by farmers over thousands of years have been wiped out. As far as the eye can see, fertilizer below, plastic on top.The greenhouses of Almeria in Spain are Europe’s vegetable garden. A city of uniformly sized vegetables waits every day for the hundreds of trucks that will take them to the continent’s supermarkets.The more a country develops, the more meat its inhabitants consume. How can growing worldwide demand be satisfied without recourse to concentration camp-style cattle farms? Faster and faster. Like the life cycle of livestock which may never see a meadow, manufacturing meat faster than the animal has become a daily routine. In these vast food lots, trampled by millions of cattle, not a blade of grass grows.A fleet of trucks from every corner of the country brings in tons of grain, soy meal and protein-rich granules that will become tons of meat. The result is that it takes 100 liters of water to produce one kilogram of potatoes, 4,000 for one kilo of rice and 13,000 for one kilo of beef. Not to mention the oil guzzled in the production process and transport.Our agriculture has become oil-powered. It feeds twice as many humans on Earth but has replaceddiversity with standardization. It has offered many of us comforts we could only dream of, but it makes our way of life totally dependent on oil.This is the new measure of time. Our world’s clock now beats to the rhythm of these indefatigable machines tapping into the pocket of sunlight. Their regularity reassures us. The tiniest hiccup throws us into disarray. The whole planet is attentive to these metronomes of our hopes and illusions. The same hopes, and illusions that proliferate along with our needs, increasingly insatiable desires and profligacy. We know that the end of cheap oil is imminent, but we refuse to believe it.For many of us, the American dream is embodied by a legendary name: Los Angeles. In this city that stretches over 100 kilometers, the number of cars is almost equal to the number of inhabitants.Here, energy puts on a fantastic show every night. The day seems to be no more than the pale reflection of nights that turn the city into a starry sky. Faster and faster. Distances are no longer counted in miles but in minutes. The automobile shapes new suburbs where every home is a castle, a safe distance from the asphyxiated city centers, and where neat rows of houses huddle round dead-end streets.The model of a lucky few countries has become a universal dream, preached by televisions all over the world. Even here in Beijing, it is cloned, copied and reproduced in these formatted houses that have wiped pagodas off the map.The automobile has become the symbol of comfort and progress. If this model were followed by every society, the planet wouldn’t have 900 million vehicles, as it does today, but five billion.Faster and faster. The more the world develops, the greater its thirst for energy. Everywhere, machines dig, bore and rip from the Earth, the pieces of stars buried in its depths since its creation:minerals.In the next 20 years, more ore will be extracted from the Earth than in the whole of humanity’s history. As a privilege of power, 80% of this mineral wealth is consumed by 20% of the world’s population. Before the end of this century, excessive mining will have exhausted nearly all the planet’s reserves.Faster and faster. Shipyards churn out oil tankers, container ships and gas tankers to cater for the demands of globalized industrial production. Most consumer goods travel thousands of kilometers from the country of production to the country of consumption. Since 1950, the volume of international trade has increased 20 times over. Ninety percent of trade goes by sea. 500 million containers are transported every year, headed for the world’s major hubs of consumption, such as Dubai.Dubai is one of the biggest construction sites in the world—a country where the impossible becomes possible. Building artificial islands in the sea, for example. Dubai has few natural resources, but with the money from oil, it can bring millions of tons of material and people from all over the world. It can build forests of skyscrapers, each one taller than the last, or even a ski slope in the middle of the desert. Dubai has no farmland, but it can import food. Dubai has no water, but it can afford to expend immense amounts of energy to desalinate seawater and build the highest skyscrapers in the world. Dubai has endless sun but no solar panels. It is the city of more is more, where the wildest dreams become reality. Dubai is a sort of culmination of the Western model, with its 800-meter high totem to total modernity that never fails to amaze the world. Excessive? Perhaps.Dubai appears to have made its choice. It is like the new beacon for all the world’s money. Nothing seems further removed from nature than Dubai, although nothing depends on nature more than Dubai. The city merely follows the model of wealthy nations. We haven’t understood that we’re depleting whatnature provides.What do we know of the marine world, of which we see only the surface, and which covers three-quarters of the planet? The ocean depths remain a secret. They contain thousands of species whose existence remains a mystery to us.Since 1950, fishing catches have increased fivefold, from18 to 100 million metric tons a year. Thousands of factory ships are emptying the oceans. Three-quarters of fishing grounds are exhausted, depleted or in danger of being so. Most large fish have been fished out of existence, since they have no time to reproduce. We are destroying the cycle of a life that was given to us.On the coastlines, signs of the exhaustion of stocks abound. First sign: Colonies of sea mammals are getting smaller. Made vulnerable by urbanization of the coasts and pollution, they now face a new threat: famine. In their unequal battle against industrial fishing fleets, t hey can’t find enough fish to feed their young. Second sign：Seabirds must fly ever greater distances to find food. At the current rate, all fish stocks are threatened with exhaustion.In Dakar, traditional net fishing boomed in the years of plenty, but today, fish stocks are dwindling. Fish is the staple diet of one in five humans.Can we envision the inconceivable? Abandoned boats, seas devoid of fish?We have forgotten that resources are scarce. 500 million humans live in the world’s desert lands, more than the combined population of Europe. They know the value of water. They know how to use it sparingly. Here, they depend on wells replenished by fossil water, which accumulated underground in the days when it rained on these deserts, 25,000 years ago.Fossil water also enables crops to be grown in the desert to provide food for local populations. The fields’ circular shape derives from the pipes that irrigate them around a central pivot. But there is a heavy price to pay. Fossil water is a nonrenewable resource. In Saudi Arabia, the dream of industrial farming in the desert has faded. As if on a parchment map, the lights spots on this patchwork show abandoned plots. The irrigation equipment is still there. The energy to pump water also. But the fossil water reserves are severely depleted.Israel turned the desert into arable land. Even though these hothouses are now irrigated drop by drop, water consumption continues to increase along with exports. The once mighty river Jordan is now just a trickle. Its water has flown to supermarkets all over the world in crates of fruit and vegetables.The Jordan’s fate is not unique. Across the planet, one major river in10 no longer flows into the sea for several months of the year. The Dead Sea derives its name from its incredibly high salinity that makes all life impossible. Deprived of the Jordan’s water, its level goes down by over one meter per year. Its salinity is increasing. Evaporation, due to the heat, produces these fine islands of salt evaporates—beautiful but sterile.In Rajasthan, India, Udaipur is a miracle of water. The city was made possible by a system of dams and channels that created an artificial lake. For its architects, was water so precious that they dedicated a palace to it? India risks being the country that suffers most from the lack of water in the coming century. Massive irrigation has fed the growing population, and in the last 50 years, 21 million wells have been dug. The victory over famine has a downside, however. In many parts of the country, the drill has to sink ever deeper to hit water. In western India, 30% of wells have been abandoned. The underground aquifers are drying out.Vast reservoirs will catch the monsoon rains to replenish the aquifers. In dry season, women from local village dig them with their bare hands.Thousands of kilometers away, 800 to 1,000 liters of water are consumed per person per day. Las Vegas was built out of the desert. Millions of people live there. Thousands more arrive every month. The inhabitants of Las Vegas are among the biggest consumers of water in the world. Palm Spring is another desert city with tropical vegetation and lush golf courses.How long can this mirage continue to prosper? The Earth cannot keep up. The Colorado River, which brings water to these cities, is one of those rivers that no longer reaches the sea. Even more alarmingly, its flow is diminishing at source. Water levels in the catchment lakes along its course…are plummeting. Lake Powell took 17 years to reach high-water mark. Its level is now half of that. Water shortages could affect nearly two billion people…before 2050.Yet water is still abundant in unspoiled regions of the planet. The wetlands.These wetlands are crucial to all life on Earth. They represent six percent of the Planet. Marshes are sponges that regulate the flow of water. They absorb it in the wet season and release it in the dry season. The water runs off the mountain peaks, carrying with it the seeds of the regions it flows through. This process gives birth to unique landscapes, where the diversity of species is unequaled in its richness. Under the calm water lies a veritable factory where this ultimately linked richness and diversity, patiently filters the water and digests all the pollution. Marshes are indispensable environments for the regeneration and purification of water.These wetlands were always seen as unhealthy expanses, unfit for human habitation. In our race to conquer more land, we have reclaimed them as pasture for our livestock, or as land for agriculture orbuilding. In the last century, half of the world’s marshes were drained. We know neither the ir richness nor their role.All living matter is linked. Water, air, soil, trees. The world’s magic is right in front of our eyes.Trees breathe groundwater into the atmosphere as light mist. They form a canopy that alleviates the impact of heavy rains and protects the soil from erosion. The forests provide the humidity that is necessary for life. They are the mother and father of rain. The forests store carbon. They contain more than all the Earth’s atmosphere. They are the cornerstone of the climatic b alance on which we all depend.Trees provide a habitat for three-quarters of the planet’s biodiversity—that is to say, of all life on Earth. Every year, we discover new species we had no idea existed—insects, birds, mammals. These forests provide the remedies that cure us. The substances secreted by these plants can be recognized by our bodies. Our cells talk the same language. We are of the same family.Mangroves are forests that step out onto the sea. Like coral reefs, they are a nursery for the oceans. Their roots entwine and form a shelter for the fish and mollusks that come to breed. Mangroves protect the coasts from hurricanes, tidal waves and erosion by the sea. Whole peoples depend on them. Yet, they were reduced by half during the 20th century. One of the reasons for the ongoing disaster is these shrimp farms installed on the mangroves’ rich waters. Ventilators aerate pools full of antibiotics to prevent the asphyxiation of the shrimps, not that of the mangroves.Since the 1960s, deforestation has constantly gathered pace. Every year, 13 million hectares of tropical forest an area the size of Illinois—disappear in smoke and as lumber. The world’s largest rainforest, the Amazon, has already been reduced by 20%. The forest gives way to cattle ranches or soybean farms. Ninety-five percent of these soybeans are used to feed livestock and poultry in Europe and Asia. And so, a forest is turned into meat.When they burn, forests and their soils release huge quantities of carbon, accounting for 20% of the greenhouse gases emitted across the globe. Deforestation is one of the principal causes of global warming. Thousands of species disappear forever. With them, one of the links in a long chain of evolution snaps. The intelligence of the living matter from which they came is lost forever.Barely 20 years ago, Borneo, the fourth-largest island in the world, was covered by a vast primary forest. At the current rate of deforestation, it will have totally disappeared within 10 years. Living matter bonds water, a ir, earth and the sun. In Borneo, this bond has been broken in what was one of the Earth’s greatest reservoirs of biodiversity.This catastrophe was provoked by the decision to produce palm oil, the most consumed oil in the world, on Borneo. Palm oil not only caters to our growing demand for food, but also cosmetics, detergents and, increasingly, alternative fuels. The forest diversity was replaced by a single species—the oil palm. Monoculture is easy, productive and rapid. For local people, it provides employment. It is an agriculture industry.Another example of massive deforestation is the eucalyptus. Eucalyptus is used to make paper pulp. Plantations are growing, as demand for paper has increased fivefold in 50 years. Monoculture of trees are gaining ground all over the world. But a monoculture is not a forest. By definition, there is little diversity. One forest does not replace another forest. At the foot of these eucalyptus trees, nothing grows, because their leaves form a bed that is toxic for most other plants. They grow quickly, but exhaust water reserves.。

请听我说1.Listen to me, please.你跟我一样，是智人2.You're like me, a Homo sapiens.一个有智慧的人3.A wise human.生命是宇宙的奇迹4.Life, a miracle in the universe,出现于约四十亿年前5.appeared around four billion years ago,而我们人类只有二十万年历史6.and we humans only 200,000 years ago.但是我们却破坏了7.Yet we have succeeded in disrupting the balance...地球生命赖以生存的平衡8.that is so essential to life on Earth. 请细听这个不寻常的的故事，你的故事9.Listen carefully to this extraordinary story, which is yours,然后决定你应该做什么10.and decide what you want to do with it.这是我们的起源的轨迹11.These are traces of our origins.最初，我们的星球不过是一个浑沌的火球12.At the beginning, our planet was no more than a chaos of fire,伴随它的恒星--太阳诞生而形成的13.formed in the wake of its star, the sun.一团粘聚的尘埃颗粒14.A cloud of agglutinated dust particles,就像宇宙里面许多类似的星云15.similar to so many similar clusters in the universe.然而生命的奇迹就在此诞生16.Yet this was where the miracle of life occurred.今天，我们的生命17.Today, life- our life-是地球上无数生物形成的生命链中的一环18.is just a link in a chain of innumerable living beings...在近40亿年里，这些生物被彼此继承取代19.that have succeeded one another on Earth over nearly four billion years. 即使到了今天，新的火山继续改变我们的景观20.And even today, new volcanoes continue to sculpt our landscapes.它们让我们目睹了盘古初开时地球的样子21.They offer a glimpse of what our Earth was like at its birth熔石从深处涌出22.molten rock surging from the depths,开始凝固，裂开23.solidifying, cracking,冒着泡，或摊开形成薄的外壳24.blistering or spreading in a thin crust,然后再休眠一段时间25.before fabling dormant for a time. 这些从地球内部吐出缭绕的烟圈26.These wreaths of smoke curling from the bowels of the Earth... 是地球原始大气层的见证27.bear witness to the Earth's originalatmosphere.一个没有氧气的大气层28.An atmosphere devoid of oxygen.稠密的大气层，充满水蒸气和二氧化碳29.A dense atmosphere, thick withwater vapor,30.full of carbon dioxide.一个熔炉31.A furnace.因为有水，地球有了一个与众不同的未来32.But the Earth had an exceptionalfuture, offered to it by water.地球与太阳之间的距离适中不太远，不太近33.At the right distance from thesun—not too far, not too near因此地球上的水能够处于液体状态34.the Earth was able to conservewater in liquid form.水蒸气凝结后形成滂沱大雨降落在地球上35.Water vapor condensed and fell intorrential downpours on Earth,河流出现了36.and rivers appeared.河流改变了地球表面37.The rivers shaped the surface ofthe Earth,刻削着河道38.cutting their channels,并冲刷出山谷39.furrowing out valleys.它们流向地球上最低洼的地方形成海洋40.They ran toward the lowest placeson the globe to form the oceans.水溶解了岩石的矿物质41.They tore minerals from the rocks,渐渐的，海洋中的淡水42.and gradually the freshwater of theoceans...变成了咸水43.became heavy with salt.水是生命必需的液体44.Water is a vital liquid.它灌溉了这些广阔的不毛之地45.It irrigated these sterile expanses.水流就像人体的血管46.The paths it traced are like theveins of a body,树木的枝丫，是让大地苏醒的液体导管47.the branches of a tree, the vesselsof the sap that it brought to the Earth.40亿年后48.Nearly four billion years later,地球上的某些地方还能找到这样的艺术创作49.somewhere on Earth can still befound these works of art,火山灰混合着来自冰岛冰川的水50.left by the volcanoes' ash, mixedwith water from Iceland's glaciers.就是它们，物质和水51.There they are- matter and water,水和物质52.water and matter-软硬组合，这对地球上所有生物都是至关重要的53.soft and hard combined, thecrucial alliance shared by everylife-form on our planet.金属矿物元素比地球还要古老54.Minerals and metals are even olderthan the Earth.它们是星尘55.They are stardust.它们让地球五彩斑斓56.They provide the Earth's colors.红色是铁，黑色是碳57.Red from iron, black from carbon,蓝色是铜，黄色则是硫58.blue from copper, yellow from sulfur.我们来自什么哪里？59.Where do we come from?生命火花从哪里迸发？60.Where did life first spark intobeing?一个时光奇迹61.A miracle of time,地球上的温泉仍然有原始的生命存活62.primitive life-forms still exist in theglobe's hot springs.它们赋予温泉颜色63.They give them their colors.它们叫做“古细菌”64.They're called archaeobacteria.它们都依靠地球热能生存65.They all feed off the Earth's heat除了蓝细菌，或是蓝绿藻以外66.all except the cyanobacteria, orblue-green algae.只有它们可以向着太阳来吸取其能量67.They alone have the capacity toturn to the sun to capture its energy.它们是古今所有植种的最重要的祖先68.They are a vital ancestor of allyesterday's and today's plant species.这些微小的细菌69.These tiny bacteria...及其数以亿计的后代70.and their billions of descendants...改变了地球的命运71.changed the destiny of our planet.是它们改造了地球的大气层72.They transformed its atmosphere.毒害大气层的碳去了哪里？73.What happened to the carbon thatpoisoned the atmosphere?它还存在，只是被“囚禁”在地壳74.It's still here, imprisoned in theEarth's crust.想要了解地球历史的这一篇章75.We can read this chapter of theEarth's history...卡罗拉多大峡谷的峭壁是最好的选择76.nowhere better than on the walls ofColorado's Grand Canyon.它们展现了地球近20亿年的历史77.They reveal nearby two billionyears of the Earth's history.大峡谷曾经是一个聚居着微生物的海洋78.Once upon a time, the GrandCanyon was a sea inhabited bymicroorganisms.它们汲取从大气层溶解到海洋里的碳79.They grew their shells by tappinginto carbon from the atmosphere...并长出外壳80.dissolved in the ocean.它们死后81.When they died, the shells sank...外壳沉到海床堆叠起来82.and accumulated on the sealed.这些地层就是它们无数的外壳构成的83.These strata are the product of those billions and billions of shells.因为有了它们，碳从大气层中排出84.Thanks to them, the carbon drained from the atmosphere,其他生物才能得以发展85.and other life-forms could develop. 生命改变了大气层86.It is life that altered the atmosphere.植物靠太阳能存活87.Plant life fed off the sun's energy, 这能量使植物分离水分子88.which enabled it to break apart the water molecule...并释放出来氧气89.and take the oxygen.空气因而充满氧气90.And oxygen filled the air.地球的水不断更新循环91.The Earth's water cycle is a process of constant renewal.瀑布，水蒸气，92.Waterfalls, water vapor,云、雨、泉93.clouds, rain, springs,河流、海洋、冰川94.rivers, seas, oceans, glaciers.这个循环从未间断95.The cycle is never broken.地球的水量恒久不变96.There's always the same quantity of water on Earth.历来的生物都喝同样的水97.All the successive species on Earth have drunk the same water.水是令人惊叹的物质98.The astonishing matter that is water.是最不稳定的一种99.One of the most unstable of all.它可以是液态的流水100.It takes a liquid form as running water,气态的蒸汽101.gaseous as vapor...或是固态的冰102.or solid as ice.在西伯利亚，冬季结冰的湖面103.In Siberia, the frozen surfaces of the lakes in winter...蕴含着水在结冰时展现的力量104.contain the traces of the forces that water deploys when it freezes.冰比水轻因而浮于水面105.Lighter than water, the ice floats, 不会沉到湖底106.rather than sinking to the bottom. 它形成御寒的保护罩107.It forms a protective mantle against the cold,冰下的生命可以延续108.under which life can go on.生命的引擎连锁结合109.The engine of life is linkage.一切都连结起来110.Everything is linked. 没有东西是自给自足的111.Nothing is self-sufficient.水和空气不可分割112.Water and air are inseparable,为了地球上的生命而结合113.united in life and for our life on Earth.于是，形成于海洋上的云给陆地带来降雨114.Thus, clouds form over the oceansand bring rain to the landmasses,河流再将水带回海洋115.whose rivers carry water back tothe oceans.分享就是一切116.Sharing is everything.从云层窥望的大片绿色是空气中的氧气117.The green expanse peekingthrough the clouds is the source ofoxygen in the air.七成氧气来自海藻118.Seventy percent of this gas, withoutwhich our lungs cannot function,这些海藻给海洋表面染上了颜色es from the algae that tint thesurface of the oceans.地球要依赖120.Our Earth relies on a balance...万物各司其职121.in which every being has a role toplay...互相依存的生态平衡122.and exists only through theexistence of another being.一种敏感而脆弱的和谐，极易破碎123.A subtle, fragile harmony that iseasily shattered.于是海藻和贝壳的结合形成了珊瑚124.Thus, corals are born from themarriage of algae and shells.澳大利亚沿海的大堡礁125.The Great Barrier Reef, Off thecoast of Australia,绵延三十五万平方公里126.stretches over350,000 squarekilometers...哺育着一千五百种鱼类，127.and is home to 1,500 species of fish,四千种软体动物128.4,000 species of mollusks...和四百种珊瑚129.and 400 species of coral.每个海洋的生态平衡都依靠这些珊瑚130.The equilibrium of every oceandepends on these corals.地球计算时间以十亿年计131.The Earth counts time in billionsof years.它花了四十多亿年创造了树木132.It took more than four billion yearsfor it to make trees.在物种的链条中133.In the chain of species,树木是至高无上的134.trees are a pinnacle,是完美的活的雕塑135.a perfect living sculpture.它们蔑视地心吸力136.Trees defy gravity.它们是唯一永恒地朝向天空的自然元素137.They are the only natural elementin perpetual movement toward the sky.它们的枝叶不疾不徐地向着太阳生长138.They grow unhurriedly toward thesun that nourishes their foliage.它们从微小的古细菌继承了139.They have inherited from thoseminuscule cyanobacteria...吸收光线能量的能力140.the power to capture light's energy.它们储存并利用此能量141.They store it and feed off it,并使其变成木材和树叶142.turning it into wood and leaves,然后又分解成水，矿物，植物143.which then decompose into amixture of water,和生命物质的混合体144.mineral, vegetable and livingmatter.就这样145.And so, gradually,生命不可或缺的土壤逐渐形成146.the soils that are indispensable tolife are formed.土壤是生物多样性的工厂147.Soils are the factory ofbiodiversity.它们是不断活动的世界148.They are a world of incessantactivity...微生物觅食，挖掘，透气，蜕变149.where microorganisms feed, dig,aerate and transform.它们制造腐植土，在这肥沃的土层上所有生命互相紧扣150.They make the humus, the fertilelayer to which all life on land is linked.地球上的生命我们知道什么？151.What do we know about life onEarth?我们认识多少品种？152.How many species are we aware of?十分之一？还是百分之一？153.A10th of them? A hundredthperhaps?对于它们之间的相互关系我们知道什么？154.What do we know about the bondsthat link them?地球是个奇迹155.The Earth is a miracle.生命仍是个谜156.Life remains a mystery.动物的家族得以形成157.Families of animals form,至今仍存的习惯和仪式使它们凝聚158.united by customs and rituals thatsurvive today.有些适应了环境159.Some adapt to the nature of theirpasture,有些是环境适应它们160.and their pasture adapts to them.双方都受益161.And both gain.动物得到食物，而树木能够开花结果162.The animal sates its hunger, andthe tree can blossom again.在地球上生命的伟大的历险中163.In the great adventure of life onEarth,每种生物各司其职164.every species has a role to play,各有其位165.every species has its place.没有多余或有害166.None is futile or harmful.它们互相抵消167.They all balance out.然后你们168.And that's where you,这些聪明的人类169.Homo sapiens- "wise human'-进入剧情170.enter the story.你们得益于171.You benefit from a fabulous...地球四十亿年的遗产172.four-billion-year-old legacy bequeathed by the Earth.你们只有二十万年历史173.You're only 200,000 years old,但你们已经改变了世界的面貌174.but you have changed the face of the world.尽管你们脆弱175.Despite your vulnerability,但你们占据了所有的栖息地176.you have taken possession of every habitat...征服了所有土地177.and conquered swaths of territory...之前任何生物都未曾做过178.like no other species before you.经过十八万年的游牧岁月179.After180,000 nomadic years,气候变得温和，人类开始定居下来180.and thanks to a more clement climate, humans settled down.他们不再依靠打猎为生181.They no longer depended on hunting for survival.他们定居于充满渔猎182.They chose to live in wet environments...和野生植物的潮湿环境183.that abounded in fish, game and wild plants.这里土地，水和生命结合184.There, where land, water and life combine.人类的天赋让他们发明了独木舟185.Human genius inspired them to build canoes,用于开拓新的视野186.an invention that opened up new horizons...人类变成了航海家187.and turned humans into navigators.即使今天，大部分人类188.Even today, the majority of humankind...都居住在大陆的海岸线189.lives on the continents' coastlines... 或是河边和湖畔190.or the banks of rivers and lakes.最初的城镇出现在6000多年前191.The first towns grew up less than 600 years ago. 这是人类历史的一大步192.It was a considerable leap inhuman history.为什么呢？因为这能使人类更容易的保护自己193.Why towns? Because they allowedhumans to defend themselves moreeasily.他们变成了社会人194.They became social beings,在一起分享他们的知识和手艺195.meeting and sharing knowledgeand crafts,融合他们的共性和不同196.blending their similarities anddifferences.简而言之，他们文明化了197.In a word, they became civilized.但他们可用的能量只是双臂198.But the only energy at theirdisposal was provided by nature...和大自然赋予的东西199.and the strength of their bodies.这是人类数千年来的故事200.It was the story of humankind forthousands of years.也是现今四分之一人类201.It still is for one person in four-即十五亿人的故事202.over one and a half billion humanbeings-比富裕国家人口的总和还多203.more than the combinedpopulation of all the wealthy nations.他们只从地球获取必须的用品204.Taking from the Earth only thestrictly necessary.很长一段时间，人类和地球的关系205.For a long time, the relationshipbetween humans and the planet...平衡对等206.was evenly balanced.很长一段时间，经济看起来是自然公正的联盟207.For a long time, the economyseemed like a natural and equitablealliance.但人类寿命短暂，艰苦劳动大行其道208.But life expectancy is short, andhard labor takes its toll.大自然的不可预知加重日常负担209.The uncertainties of nature weighon daily life.教育是罕有特权cation is a rare privilege.子女是家庭唯一资产211.Children are a family's only asset,每双手212.as long as every extra pair of hands...对家庭的生存都要作出贡献213.is a necessary contribution to itssubsistence.地球为我们提供食物和衣物214.The Earth feeds people, clothes them...以及日常所需215.and provides for their daily needs.一切来自地球216.Everything comes from the Earth.城镇改变人类本质和命运217.Towns change humanity's nature,as well as its destiny.农夫变成了工匠、商人和小贩218.The farmer becomes a craftsman,trader or peddler.农夫收获，城镇居民购买，或是物物交换219.What the Earth gives the farmer,the city dweller buys, sells or barters.商品交易220.Goods change hands,伴随思想交流221.along with ideas.人类的天份在于经常洞悉自已的弱点222.Humanity's genius is to havealways had a sense of its weakness.他们很想扩张领土223.Humans tried to extend thefrontiers of their territory,但明白自身局限224.but they knew their limits.大自然不曾赋予他们的能量和气力225.The physical energy and strengthwith which nature had not endowedthem...他们在动物身上找到，并驯养它们为己服务226.was found in the animals theydomesticated to serve them.空着肚子怎去征服世界？227.But how can you conquer theworld on an empty stomach?农业的发明228.The invention of agriculture...彻底改变了到处觅食的野兽本质229.transformed the future of the wildanimals scavenging for food...成为真正的人230.that were humankind.农业改写了人类历史231.Agriculture turned their history onend.农业是人类的第一场伟大革命232.Agriculture was their first greatrevolution.八千至一万年前开始233.Developed barely8,000 to10,000years ago,农业改变了人类与自然的关系234.it changed their relationship tonature.它终结了人类不稳定的狩猎和采集时代235.It brought an end to theuncertainty of hunting and gathering.第一次有了盈余236.It resulted in the first surpluses...这催生了城市和文明237.and gave birth to cities andcivilizations.为了农业生产238.For their agriculture,人类利用动物或植物的能量239.humans harnessed the energy ofanimal species and plant life,并从中受益240.from which they at last extractedthe profits.数千年艰苦觅食的记忆逐渐淡忘241.The memory of thousands of yearsscrabbling for food faded.他们学会将谷类适应242.They learned to adapt the grainsthat are the yeast of life...不同的土壤和气候243.to different soils and climates.他们学会增加农作物的收成和种类244.They learned to increase the yield and multiply the number of varieties.像地球上所有动物245.Like every species on Earth,人类每天的首要任务246.the principal daily concern of all humans...是喂饱自已和家人247.is to feed themselves and their family.当土瘠水稀的时候248.When the soil is less generous and water becomes scarce,人类要为一点干燥土地249.humans deploy prodigious efforts to mark a few arid acres...而拼命劳作250.with the imprint of their labor.人类以极大的耐性和专注去模塑土地251.Humans shaped the land with the patience and devotion that the Earth demands,近乎祭神仪式般不停地重复252.in an almost sacrificial ritual performed over and over.农业仍然是世界上最普遍的职业253.Agriculture is still the world's most widespread occupation.一半人类仍在耕种土地254.Half of humankind tills the soil,超过四分之三仍是手工操作255.over three-quarters of them by hand.农业像传统般一代接一代256.Agriculture is like a tradition handed down...有血有汗地薪火相传257.from generation to generation in sweat, graft and toil,因为它是人类生存的先决条件258.because for humanity it is a prerequisite of survival.人类依赖人力日久259.But after relying on muscle power for so long,开始发掘地球深处的能量260.humankind found a way to tap into the energy buried deep in the Earth.这些火焰也来自植物261.These flames are also from plants. 一束阳光262.A pocket of sunlight.纯粹的能量，太阳量263.Pure energy—the energy of the sun于一亿年前被数以百万计的树木264.captured over millions of years by millions of plants...俘虏了超过数百万年265.more than a hundred million years ago.那是煤，是天然气266.It's coal. It's gas.最重要的是石油267.And above all, it's oil.这束阳光把人类从辛劳的耕种解放出来268.And this pocket of sunlight freed humans from their toil on the land.石油令人类解除了时间的束缚269.With oil began the era of humans who break free of the shackles of time. 石油令一部分人得享从未有过的舒适270.With oil, some of us acquiredunprecedented comforts.五十年里，仅仅一代人的时间271.And in 50 years, in a single lifetime,地球发生根本性的改变272.the Earth has been more radicallychanged...是前人从未做过的273.than by all previous generations ofhumanity.越来越快274.Faster and faster.过去六十年，人类人口倍增275.In the last60 years, the Earth'spopulation has almost tripled,超过二十亿人移居城市276.and over two billion people havemoved to the cities.越来越快277.Faster and faster.深圳四十年前只是偏僻渔村278.Shenzhen, in China, with itshundreds of skyscrapers and millions ofinhabitants,现在拥有数以百计的摩天大楼和数百万人口279.was just a small fishing villagebarely 40 years ago.越来越快280.Faster and faster.二十年来281.In Shanghai, 3,000 towers andskyscrapers...上海建了三千座高楼大厦282.have been built in 20 years.另有数百座正在建设中283.Hundreds more are underconstruction.今天，地球上七十亿人口有一半住在城市284.Today, over half of the world'sseven billion inhabitants live in cities.纽约，世界上第一个超级城市285.New York. The world's firstmegalopolis...是人类无止境地286.is the symbol of the exploitation ofthe energy...剥削地球资源的像征287.the Earth supplies to humangenius.数百万移民的人力资源288.The manpower of millions ofimmigrants,煤的能量289.the energy of coal,及无约束的石油力量290.the unbridled power of oil.电的出现发明了电梯291.Electricity resulted in the inventionof elevators,而电梯使得摩天大厦成为可能292.which in turn permitted theinvention of skyscrapers.纽约在全球经济排名中位列16293.New York ranks as the 16th-largesteconomy in the world.美国最先发现和开发利用294.America was the first to discover,exploit and harness...珍贵而具革命性的能量“黑金”295.the phenomenal revolutionarypower of black gold.借助它296.With its help,农夫变成了农业企业家297.a country of farmers became acountry of agricultural industrialists.机器取代人力298.Machines replaced men.一升石油等于299.A liter of oil generates as muchenergy...一百双手在24小时产生的能量300.as 100 pairs of hands in 24 hours,但在全球只有3%的农民使用拖拉机301.but worldwide only three percentof farmers have use of a tractor.尽管如此，他们的粮食产出还是支配着地球302.Nonetheless, their outputdominates the planet.美国只剩下三百万农民303.In the United States, only threemillion farmers are left.他们出产的谷物可以养活二十亿人口304.They produce enough grain to feedtwo billion people.但大部分谷物并非用作食粮305.But most of that grain is not usedto feed people.就像其他工业国306.Here, and in all otherindustrialized nations,谷物用来喂牲口或作生化燃料307.it's transformed into livestock feedor biofuels.这束阳光的能量308.The pocket of sunshine's energy...赶走了令土地干旱的幽灵309.chased away the specter of droughtthat stalked farmland.所有泉水都用于农业310.No spring escapes the demands ofagriculture,它占人类水消耗量的70%311.which accounts for70% ofhumanity's water consumption.大自然的一切都互相连系312.In nature, everything is linked.耕地的拓张和单一品种的种植313.The expansion of cultivated landand single-crop farming...增加了害虫的肆虐314.encouraged the development ofparasites.石油化工革命带来的杀虫剂315.Pesticides, another gift of thepetrochemical revolution,把它们杀光316.exterminated them.农作欠收和饥荒成为邀远回忆317.Bad harvests and famine became adistant memory.眼前最头痛是318.The biggest headache now...如何处理现代农业带来的残留319.was what to do with the surplusesengendered by modern agriculture.有毒的杀虫剂渗进空气320.But toxic pesticides seeped into the air,泥土、动植物、河流和海洋321.soil, plants, animals, rivers and oceans.它们入侵一切生命322.They penetrated the heart of cells... 赖以生存的细胞核心323.similar to the mother cell that is shared by all forms of life.它们对免于饥饿的人类有害吗？324.Are they harmful to the humans that they released from hunger?这些穿着黄色保护衣物的农夫325.These farmers, in their yellow protective suits,可能有更好的主意326.probably have a good idea.新兴农业免除了对土壤和季节的依赖327.The new agriculture abolished the dependence on soils and seasons.肥料令小片土地328.Fertilizers produced unprecedented results...出产前所未见的丰富收成329.on plots of land thus far ignored. 适应了土地和气候的谷物330.Crops adapted to soils and climates...被产量高和易于运输的品种所取代331.gave way to the most productive varieties and the easiest to transport.于是在上一世纪332.And so, in the last century,农民在过去数千年培育的333.three-quarters of the varieties developed by farmers over thousands of years...四分之三的品种绝种334.have been wiped out.极目所见，下施肥料，上覆塑料335.As far as the eye can see, fertilizer below, plastic on top.西班牙的艾美利亚温室336.The greenhouses of Almeria in Spain... 是欧洲的菜园337.are Europe's vegetable garden.大批形状整齐的蔬菜338.A city of uniformly sized vegetables...每天等候数以百计的卡车339.waits every day for the hundreds of trucks...把它们运送到欧洲大陆的超级市场340.that will take them to the continent's supermarkets.国家越发展341.The more a country develops,国民对肉类的需求就越大342.the more meat its inhabitants consume.不依靠集中饲养式牛场343.How can growing worldwide demand be satisfied...如何满足全球日益增长的需求344.without recourse to concentration camp-style cattle farms?越来越快345.Faster and faster.就像家畜一生都不会见到牧场346.Like the life cycle of livestock which may never see a meadow, 比动物生长更快的肉类生产成为日常程序347.manufacturing meat faster thanthe animal has become a daily routine.被数百万牛践踏的辽阔饲场348.In these vast food lots, trampled bymillions of cattle,寸草不生349.not a blade of grass grows.一队队卡车从全国各地运来350.A fleet of trucks from every cornerof the country...数以吨计的谷物，黄豆和351.brings in tons of grain, soy meal...丰富蛋白质的饲料最终变成一吨吨的肉352.and protein-rich granules that willbecome tons of meat.结果是生产一公斤马铃薯353.The result is that it takes 100 litersof water...要一百公升水354.to produce one kilogram of potatoes,一公斤米要四千公升水355.4,000 for one kilo of rice...而一公斤牛肉要一万三千公升水356.and 13,000 for one kilo of beef.还不算在生产和运输过程被耗掉的石油357.Not to mention the oil guzzled inthe production process and transport.我们的农业成了石油推动型358.Our agriculture has becomeoil-powered.它能养活地球上双倍的人口359.It feeds twice as many humans onEarth...但多元性被标准化取代360.but has replaced diversity withstandardization.它让我们享受到梦中才有的舒适361.It has offered many of us comfortswe could only dream of,但却使我们的生活方式完全依赖石油362.but it makes our way of life totallydependent on oil.这是新的时间观念363.This is the new measure of time.我们的时钟随着那364.Our world's clock now beats to therhythm...永不言倦的阳光机器的节奏365.of these indefatigable machines...一起摆动366.tapping into the pocket of sunlight.它们的规律性让我们安心367.Their regularity reassures us.极小的间断都会引发混乱368.The tiniest hiccup throws us intodisarray.整个地球都注意到了我们369.The whole planet is attentive tothese metronomes...寄托希望和幻想的节拍器370.of our hopes and illusions.同样的希望和幻想随着我们的需求371.The same hopes and illusions thatproliferate along with our needs,以及越来越难以满足的欲望和浪费而增加372.increasingly insatiable desires andprofligacy.我们知道廉价石油时代即将终结373.We know that the end of cheap oilis imminent,但我们拒绝相信374.but we refuse to believe it.对大多数人来说，美国梦体现在一个传奇的名字上：375.For many of us, the American dream isembodied by a legendary name:洛杉矶376.Los Angeles.在这个方圆一百公里的城市377.In this city that stretches over100kilometers,汽车的数量几乎与人口相等378.the number of cars is almost equalto the number of inhabitants.这里，晚上是能源卖力表演的时该379.Here, energy puts on a fantasticshow every night.白天不过是夜晚的苍白反映380.The days seem to be no more thanthe pale reflection of nights...晚上的城市变成闪烁星空381.that turn the city into a starry sky.越来越快382.Faster and faster.距离不再以英哩度量而是多少分钟车程383.Distances are no longer counted inmiles but in minutes.汽车重塑郊区面貌，每个房子都好像城堡般384.The automobile shapes newsuburbs where every home is a castle,跟令人窒息的市中心保持安全距离385.a safe distance from theasphyxiated city centers,一排排整齐的房子拥挤在死胡同四周386.and where neat rows of houseshuddle round dead-end streets.少数发达国家的模式387.The model of a lucky fewcountries...通过遍及全球的电视节目388.has become a universal dream,已变成了普遍梦想389.preached by televisions all over theworld.即使在北京390.Even here in Beijing,这些模仿，抄袭和复制391.it is cloned, copied andreproduced...千篇一律的房子已把古塔从地图上抹去了392.in these formatted houses that havewiped pagodas off the map.汽车成为舒适和进步的象征393.The automobile has become thesymbol of comfort and progress.如果每个社会都跟随这个模式394.If this model were followed byevery society,今天地球不会只有九亿辆汽车395.the planet wouldn't have900million vehicles, as it does today,而是五十亿396.but five billion.越来越快397.Faster and faster.世界越发展，对能源的渴求就更高398.The more the world develops, thegreater its thirst for energy.到处都是挖钻矿物的机器399.Everywhere, machines dig, boreand rip from the Earth...把盘古初开时埋在地下的星星挖出来400.the pieces of stars buried in its depths since its creation:矿物401.minerals.未来二十年人类从地球开采的矿物402.In the next 20 years, more ore will be extracted from the Earth...比人类历史上的总数都要多403.than in the whole of humanity's history.由于垄断404.As a privilege of power,80%开采所得财富405.80% of this mineral wealth...只由20%的人口分享406.is consumed by 20% of the world's population.到本世纪末407.Before the end of this century,由于过份开采矿产，人类将会耗尽地球上的大部分资源408.excessive mining will have exhausted nearly all the planet's reserves.越来越快409.Faster and faster.造船厂大量制造油轮410.Shipyards churn out oil tankers,货柜船，煤气运输船411.container ships and gas tankers...以应付世界性工业生产的需求412.to cater for the demands of globalized industrial production.大部分消费品要千里迢迢地413.Most consumer goods travel thousands of kilometers...从产地运到消费地414.from the country of production to the country of consumption.自1950年至今，国际贸易总量415.Since1950, the volume of international trade...增长了二十倍416.has increased 20 times over.90%的贸易在海上进行417.Ninety percent of trade goes by sea.每年多达五亿的货柜418.500 million containers are transported every year,被运往主要的消费地区419.headed for the world's major hubs of consumption,例如迪拜420.such as Dubai.迪拜是世界上最大的建筑工地之一421.Dubai is one of the biggest construction sites in the world一个将不可能变成可能的国家422.a country where the impossible becomes possible.例如在大海中建造人工岛423.Building artificial islands in the sea, for example.迪拜缺乏自然资源424.Dubai has few natural resources,但依靠石油赚的钱，它可以输入数百万吨的原料425.but with the money from oil, it can bring millions of tons of material and people... 和来自世界各地的人口426.from all over the world.它可以建造大厦丛林，一个比一个高427.It can build forests of skyscrapers,each one taller than the last,甚至在沙漠中建滑雪道428.or even a ski slope in the middle ofthe desert.迪拜没有农田，但可以进口食物429.Dubai has no farmland, but it canimport food.迪拜没有水源430.Dubai has no water,但可以花费大量能源431.but it can afford to expendimmense amounts of energy...淡化海水并修建世界上最高的摩天大楼432.to desalinate seawater and buildthe highest skyscrapers in the world.迪拜阳光充沛但没有太阳能电池板433.Dubai has endless sun but no solarpanels.城市的需求永无止境434.It is the city of more is more,在这里最不着边的梦想也能变成现实435.where the wildest dreams becomereality.迪拜是西方模式的顶峰436.Dubai is a sort of culmination ofthe Western model,它的800米高的图腾式建筑437.with its800-meter high totem tototal modernity...一直让世界惊奇438.that never fails to amaze the world.过分吗？也许吧439.Excessive? Perhaps.迪拜似乎已作出选择440.Dubai appears to have made itschoice.它恰似全球财富的像征441.It is like the new beacon for all theworld's money.没有任何事物比迪拜更远离大自然442.Nothing seems further removedfrom nature than Dubai,但没有任何事物比迪拜更依赖大自然443.although nothing depends onnature more than Dubai.这城市只不过跟随富裕国家的模式444.The city merely follows the modelof wealthy nations.我们还不明白我们正在耗尽自然资源445.We haven't understood that we'redepleting what nature provides.对海洋世界我们了解什么？446.What do we know of the marineworld, of which we see only the surface,它覆盖了地球四分之三的面积447.and which covers three-quarters ofthe planet?海洋深度仍是个秘密448.The ocean depths remain a secret.海洋中存在的数千物种对我们来说也是一个谜449.They contain thousands of specieswhose existence remains a mystery to us.自1950年起，渔业捕获量增加了5倍450.Since1950, fishing catches haveincreased fivefold,由每年一千八百万吨增至一亿吨451.from 18 to 100 million metric tonsa year.数以千计的加工渔船淘空海洋452.Thousands of factory ships areemptying the oceans.四分之三的渔场已枯竭453.Three-quarters of fishing groundsare exhausted,废弃或是频临废弃454.depleted or in danger of being so.大型鱼类已所剩无几455.Most large fish have been fishedout of existence,因为没有时间繁殖456.since they have no time toreproduce.我们把上苍赋予的生命循环摧毁了457.We are destroying the cycle of alife that was given to us.在海岸线上，到处都是资源耗尽的迹象458.On the coastlines, signs of theexhaustion of stocks abound.第一幕：海洋哺乳动物的栖息地越来越小459.First sign: Colonies of seamammals are getting smaller.海洋沿岸的城市化和污染已让它们变得异常脆弱460.Made vulnerable by urbanizationof the coasts and pollution,现在，它们又要面对一个新的威胁：饥荒461.they now face a new threat: famine.它们完全竞争不过工业化的捕鱼船队462.In their unequal battle againstindustrial fishing fleets,无法获得足够的食物哺育后代463.they can't find enough fish to feedtheir young.第二幕：464.Second sign:海鸟为了觅食而越飞越远465.Seabirds must fly ever greaterdistances to find food.按照现在的速度，所有的鱼类资源面临枯竭的危险466.At the current rate, all fish stocksare threatened with exhaustion.在达喀尔，传统的网具捕鱼在很久以前就很发达467.In Dakar, traditional net fishingboomed in the years of plenty,但在今天，鱼类正在减少468.but today, fish stocks aredwindling.五分之一的人以鱼为主食469.Fish is the staple diet of one in fivehumans.我们能想象难以置信的未来吗？470.Can we envision the inconceivable?废弃的渔船471.Abandoned boats,无鱼的海洋？472.seas devoid of fish?我们忘记了资源是珍贵的473.We have forgotten that resourcesare scarce.五亿人口住在沙漠地带474.500 million humans live in theworld's desert lands,。