国际贸易实务 名词翻译
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商品的品名即商品名称在一定程度上体现了商品的自然属性及主要的性能特征区别于其他商品的称呼或概念商品品质是商品外观形态和内在素质的综合样品通常指从一批商品中抽取出来或由生产使用部门加工设计出来足以反应和代表整批商品品质的少量实物对等样品是指卖方根据买方提供的样品加工复制类似的样品提供给买方确认经确认后的样品也就是对等样品商品的规格是用来反应商品品质的一些主要指标如成分含量纯度大小长短粗细等商品的等级是把同一种商品按其品质或规格上的差异划分为不同的级别和档次用数字或文字表示从而产生品质优劣的若干等级标准样品统一化了的规格和等级品质增减价条款指在品质条款中,根据商品在品质机动幅度内的品质差异来调整合同价格的规定。
良好平均品质指一般中等货农产品每个生产年度的中等货某一季度或某一装船月份在装运地发运的同一种商品的平均品质上好可销品质品质上好可以销售品质公差条款国际同行业所认同的或买卖双方认可的产品误差即卖方所交付的货物品质可以高于或低于合同规定品质的最大限度毛重指商品本身的重量加包装物的重量即加上皮重净重指商品本身的重量即除去包装物后的商品实际重量等于毛重减去皮重以毛作净对于有些单位价值不高的商品单位重量商品的价值与单位包装的价值相差不多分开计算意义不大即以毛重计算合同价格在实务中称为以毛作净公量有些商品经济价值较高受客观环境影响较大其重量很不稳定计算方法是以商品的干净重(即用科学的方法抽出商品中所含的水分后的重量)加上共定回潮率与干净重的乘积所得出的重量即为公量溢短装条款合同中明确规定允许卖方以合同为依据多交或少交合同规定数量的一定百分比或具体数量运输包装又称外包装大包装指将货物装入固定容器或以特定的方式做成成件或成箱的包装指定性标志指根据商品的性能和特点用简单醒目的图形和文字在商品的外包装上标示仓储装卸和运输过程中需要的注意事项和要求即用于易碎易坏易变质一类商品外包装上醒目的图形或文字销售包装小包装或内包装指直接接触商品随商品进入零售市场和消费者见面的包装即为适应商品销售需要直接承装一定销售商品的包装通常作为商品的组成部分卖给消费者定牌生产指卖方按买方的要求在其出售的商品或包装上标明买方指定的商标或牌号叫做定牌生产中性包装既不标明生产国别地名和厂商名称也不标明商标或品牌的包装也就是说在出口商品包装的内外都没有原产地和出口厂商的标志包括无牌和定牌中性包装标准运输标志运输标志,即唛头。
1、FOBFOB-是Free On Board(…named port of shipment)的简写,即船上交货(…指定装运港),习惯称为装运港船上交货。
按此术语成交,由买方负责派船接运货物,卖方应在合同规定的装运港和规定的期限内,将货物装上买方指派的船只,并及时通知买方,货物在装船时完成交货,风险即由卖方转移至买方。
FOB 是国际贸易中最常用的贸易术语之一。
2、CIFCIF,英文全称为Cost ,Insurance and Freight (….named port of des tination),即成本加保险费、运费(….指定目的港),指卖方须将货物按照合同规定装上船并负责运输和保险及其费用;与FOB术语一样,CIF 亦是只适用于水上运输,也是国际贸易中最常用的贸易术语之一。
3、贸易术语又称价格术语,它是在国际贸易中用以表示商品的价格构成,以及买卖双方在商品交接过程中有关风险责任和费用划分问题的以文字或缩写字母组成的专门用语。
国际商会在《2000年国际贸易术语解释通则》(以下简称《通则》)中规定了13种贸易术语。
其中最常用的装运港船上交货的贸易术语有3种:FOB、CIF、CFR,向承运人交货的常用贸易术语也有3种:FCA、CPT、CIP。
4、共同海损是指载货的船舶在海上遇到灾害事故,威胁到船货等各方的共同安全,为了解除这种威胁,维护船货安全,或者使航行得以继续,由船方有意识地合理地采取措施,造成某些特殊损失或付出某些额外特殊费用;这些损失和费用叫共同海损。
这种共同海损应由船、货等各有关获得好处的方面,按各方最后获救价值的比例分摊,称之为共同海损分摊。
5、定牌即定牌中性包装,又称定牌生产,指卖方按买方要求在其出售的商品包装上标明买方指定的商标或牌号。
这是为了适应世界上许多国家的超级市场、大百货公司和专业商店对其经常出售的商品,都要标有本商店使用的商标或牌号(商号)的销售方式所需而产生的一种包装方式。
1.International Settlement 国际结算2.International Customs 国际惯例3.booklet of authorized signatures 签字样本4.test key 密押5.Correspondent Bank代理行6.SWIFT 环球银行金融电讯协会1.bill of exchange 汇票2.b anker’s draft 银行汇票3.commercial bill 商业汇票4.banker’s acceptance bill 银行承兑汇票5.trader’s acceptance bill 商业承兑汇票6.documentary bill 跟单汇票7.clean bill 光票8.sight draft,demand draft 即期汇票9.time bill,usance bill 远期汇票10.drawer,payee,drawee 出票人,收款人,付款人;11.endorsement 背书12.acceptance 承兑13.without recourse 免于追索14.notice of dishonour 拒付通知15.protest 拒绝证书16.promissory note 本票17.cheque / check 支票18.cash cheque 现金支票19.cheque for transfer 转帐支票20.crossed check 划线支票1.T/T:Telegraphic Transfer,电汇2.M/T:Mail Transfer,信汇3.D/D:Banker's Demand Draft,票汇4.O/A:Open Account,赊销交易5.CAD:Cash against documents,交单付现6.B/O:By order of,汇款人1.Remittance:汇款2.payment order:汇款委托书3.M/T advice:信汇委托书4.telegraphic transfer:电汇5.banker's demand draft:票汇6.mail transfer:信汇1.Financial Documents金融单据2.Commercial Documents 商业单据3.Collection 托收4.Principal 委托人5.Remitting Bank 托收行6.Collecting Bank 代收行7.Clean Collection光票托收8.Documentary C ollection 跟单托收9.Documents against Payment 付款交单10.Documents against Acceptance 承兑交单11.Trust Receipt 信托收据12.Outward Bills 出口押汇13.Uniform Rules for Collection 托收统一规则14.Documentary Bill for Collection 跟单托收1.Documentary Credit 跟单信用证2.Cover Letter或Bill of Purchase 寄单面函3.Credit Opened by Mail 信开本信用证4.Credit Opened by Teletransmission 电开本信用证5.Operative Instrument 有效文本6.Expiry Date and Plac e 有效日期和地点7.Nominated Bank 指定银行8.Partial Shipment 分批装运9.Special Condition 特别条款10.Discrepancy 不符点11.Issuing Bank 开证行12.Applicant 申请人13.Advising Bank 通知行14.Beneficiary 受益人15.Negotiating Bank 议付行16.Confirming Bank 保兑行17.Reimbursing Bank 偿付行18.Sight Payment Credit 即期付款信用证19.Deferred Payment Credit 迟期付款信用证20.Acceptance Credit 承兑信用证21.Confirmed Credit 保兑信用证22.Usance Credit Payable at Sight 假远期信用证23.Anticipatory Credit 预支信用证24.Transferable Credit 可转让信用证25.Back to Back Credit 背对背信用证26.Reciprocal Credit 对开信用证27.Revolving Credit 循环信用证28.Strict Compliance 严格相符29.Substantial Compliance 实质相符30.Fraud Exception Principle 欺诈例外原则五、将下列英文译成中文1.Independent guarantee:独立性保函2.Accessory Guarantee:从属性保函3.reissuing bank:转开行4.counter-guarantor:反担保人5.Standby letter of credit:备用信用证六、将下列英文译成中文1.International Factoring 国际保理2.Credit Control 信用销售控制3.Collection of Receivables 带收账款4.Financed Factoring 融资保理5.Non-Financed Factoring非融资保理6.Maturity Factoring 到期保理7.Non-Recoursed Factoring无追索权保理8.Recoursed Factoring 有追索权保理9.Disclosed Factoring公开型保理10.Undisclosed Factoring 隐蔽型保理11.Two Factor System双保理商保理型式12.Single Factor System 单保理商保理型式13.Maintenance of Sales Ledger 销售账务管理14.Protection for buyer's Credit 信用担保15.Export Trade Finance 贸易融资16.Application for a Credit Approval 信用额度申请表1.Commercial Invoice 商业发票2.Transport Documents 运输单据3.Insurance Documents 保险单据4.Receipt Invoice 收妥发票5.Shipping Mark 唛头6.Ocean Bill of Lading 海运提单7.Shipped B/L 已装船提单8.Received for Shipment B/L 备运提单9.Transshipment B/L 转船提单10.Through B/L 联运提单11.Direct B/L 直达提单12.Order B/L 指示提单13.Anti-dated B/L 倒签提单14.Non-negotiable Sea Waybill 不可转让海运单15.Air Waybill 空运运单16.Master Air Waybill 主运单17.Cargo Receipt,C/R 承运货物收据18.Parcel Post Receipt 邮包收据19.Insurance Policy 正式保险单20.Multimodal Transport Document 多式运输单据21.Insurance Certificate 保险凭证22.Open Policy 预约保险单23.Insurance Declaration 保险声明24.Cover Note, Binder 暂保单25.Certificate of Origin 原产地证明书26.Inspection Certificate 检验证明书。
国际贸易实务术语总结国际贸易实务术语总结1:出口1.1 出口商(Exporter)出口商是指从一个国家或地区将产品或服务销售到另一个国家或地区的企业或个人。
1.2 出口贸易(Export Trade)出口贸易是指出口商将产品或服务销售到其他国家或地区,并从中获取收入的商业活动。
1.3 货物出口(Goods Export)货物出口是指出口商将实际物品出口到其他国家或地区进行销售。
1.4 服务出口(Service Export)服务出口是指出口商将服务项目(如技术支持、咨询等)提供给其他国家或地区的客户并从中获取收入。
2:进口2.1 进口商(Importer)进口商是指从一个国家或地区购买产品或服务并引入另一个国家或地区的企业或个人。
2.2 进口贸易(Import Trade)进口贸易是指进口商购买产品或服务并引入本国或地区,为本国或地区提供商品和服务的商业活动。
2.3 货物进口(Goods Import)货物进口是指进口商购买其他国家或地区生产的实际物品,并将其引入本国或地区。
2.4 服务进口(Service Import)服务进口是指进口商购买其他国家或地区提供的服务项目,并引入本国或地区使用。
3:国际贸易条件(Incoterms)国际贸易条件是由国际商会(ICC)制定的一套国际贸易术语,规定了进口和出口交货中各方的权利和责任,包括责任的划分、货物交付的时间和地点以及相关费用的分担等。
4:海关术语4.1 海关(Customs)海关是负责管理和监督进出口商品、物品和信息的机构。
4.2 进口关税(Import Duty)进口关税是指进口商品需缴纳的税费,由进口商支付给海关。
4.3 出口关税(Export Duty)出口关税是指出口商品需缴纳的税费,由出口商支付给海关。
4.4 进口限制(Import Restrictions)进口限制是指针对某些特定产品实施的限制或禁止进口的政策措施。
4.5 出口限制(Export Restrictions)出口限制是指针对某些特定产品实施的限制或禁止出口的政策措施。
1.品质公差:是产品品质的公差。
因科技水平,生产加工能力所限,产品的质量指标出现一定的误差。
2.品质机动幅度:买方允许卖方所交商品品质指标可以在一定的幅度内机动.3.公定重量:指用科学方法抽掉商品中的水分后,再加上标准含水量所求得的重量。
公定回潮率.4.数量的机动幅度:即双方在合同的数量条款中规定卖方实际交货数量可在一定幅度内多于或少于合同所规定的数量,一般称为数量增减条款或溢短装条款。
5.唛头:是指运输标志。
通常是由一个简单的几乎图形和一些字母数字以简单的文字组成。
6.指示性标志:针对一些易碎,易损,易变质商品的性质,用醒目的图形和简单的文字提醒有关人员在装卸,搬运和储存时应注意的实现.7.中性包装:指在商品上和内外包装上不标明生产国家,地点和厂商名称的包装。
包括无牌中性包装和定牌中性包装两种。
8.班轮运输:指按照固定的船期表,沿着固定的航线和港口来往运输,并按相对固定的运费率收取运费.9.租船运输:又称不定期租船运输。
既无固定的船期表,又无固定的航线和停靠港口,有关船舶的航线和停靠港口,运输货物的种类以及航行时间等,都按承租人的要求…10.集装箱:指具有一定规格强度的专为周转使用的金属货箱.11.集装箱运输:以集装箱作为运输单位进行货物运输的方式。
装卸效率高,船舶周转快,货运成本低,手续简便等优点.12.国际多式联运:以集装箱为媒介,把海陆空各种传统的单一运输方式有机地结合起来,组成一个国际的连贯运输。
13.滞期费:未按规定的装卸时间和装卸率完成装卸任务,延误了船期,则应向船方支付一定金额的罚款.14.速遣费:如果按照规定的装卸时间和装卸率,提前完成装卸任务,使船方节省了船舶在港的费用开支,船方将其获取的利益的一部分给租船人作为奖励.15.海运提单:是船方或其代理人在收到其承运的货物时签发给托运人的货物收据,也是承运人与托运人之间的运输契约的证明.在法律上具有物权证书的效用.16.海损:被保货物在海洋运输中,因遭受海上风险而引起的损失与灭失即为海上损失,简称海损.包括与海运项链的路上或内湖运输中所发生的损失与费用。
自给自足self-sufficient直接投资direct investment /D I东道国host country欧盟European union /UN经济资源economic resource倾销dumping贸易差额balance of trade国际收支balance of payment国际收支顺差favorable balance of payment 国际收支逆差unfavorable balance of payment 货物贸易trade in good进出口import and export商品交换commodity exchange资金capital货币currency贸易顺差trade surplus贸易逆差trade deficit服务贸易trade in service无形贸易invisible trade有形贸易visible trade班轮linerFOB班轮条件FOB liner termsFOB吊钩下交货FOB under tackleCFR班轮条件CFR liner termsCFR卸至岸上(含着陆费)CFR landed CFR舱底交货CFR EX-ships hold平仓trimming理仓stowing内陆运输inland water-way多式联运multi-modal transportation投保cover insure /insure against清关clearance船舷ship’s rail卸货费unloading expenses单据买卖documents transaction象征性交货symbolic deliveryChapter 8投保人insured承保人insure/underwriter保险费insurance premium保险单insurance policy投保金额insured amount保险金额insured amount外来风险extraneous risk意外事故fortuitous accidents海上风险perils of sea陆运险overland transportation risks陆路运输险overland transportation insurance陆运一切险overland transportation all risks航空运输货物战争险air transportation cargo war risks 航空运输一切险air transportation all risks共同海损general average单独海损particular average施救费用sue and labor expense估损费用valuation costs/expenses推定全损constructive total loss救助费用salvage charge海运保险ocean marine insurance基本险种basic risks coverage偷窃提货不着险T.P.N.D水渍险with particular average /WPA平安险free from particular average/FPA战争险war risks串味险taint of odor淡水雨淋险fresh water and/or rain damage 邮包保险parcel post insurance附加险种additional risks coverage。
国际贸易实务:名词解释53个汇总名词解释1.barter trade(易货贸易):the direcrt exchange ofgoods or services-without an intervening medium of exchange or momey-eitheraccording to established rates of exchange or by bargaining.it is consideredthe oldest form of trade.2.direct trade(直接贸易):goods are transporteddirectly from the production country to the consuming country. In this case,only two parties are involved in the transaction,namely the exporter and theimporter.3.entrepot trade:refers to the transaction which involves importing goods from overseasfor further processing or assembling and then reexporting the goods abroad. Entrepottrade involves only one party, who is the importer, the processor and at thesame time also the exporter.4.invisibletrade(无形贸易):没有实物形态的技术和服务的进出口。
例如,机器、设备、家具等都是有实物形态的商品,这些商品的进出口称为有形贸易。
专利使用权的转让、旅游、金融保险企业跨国提供服务等都是没有实物形态的商品,其进出口称为无形贸易。
国际贸易实务术语总结国际贸易实务术语总结一:贸易术语1. 出口(Export): 指将商品、服务或资本从一个国家出售到另一个国家。
2. 进口(Import): 指从一个国家购买并引入商品、服务或资本。
3.贸易逆差(Trade deficit): 当一个国家的进口超过其出口时,经济上出现贸易逆差。
4.贸易顺差(Trade surplus): 当一个国家的出口大于进口时,经济上出现贸易顺差。
5.关税(Tariff): 是对进出口商品征收的税费,可以用来控制进口、保护本国产业或增加收入。
6.关税配额(Tariff quota): 是限制特定商品进口数量的措施,通常在达到配额后需支付更高的关税。
7.非关税壁垒(Non-tariff barrier): 是指非关税形式的贸易限制,包括配额、进口许可、技术标准等。
8.自由贸易区(Free Trade Area): 是指一组国家通过降低或取消关税和非关税壁垒来促进自由贸易的区域。
9.关税同盟(Customs Union): 是自由贸易区的一种更深度的一体化形式,成员国在对外贸易时实行统一的关税政策。
10.最惠国待遇(Most Favoured Nation treatment): 是指一个国家给予其他国家的最优惠贸易条件,不能对某个国家给予更好的贸易待遇。
二:国际支付术语1.信用证(Letter of Credit): 是银行以买方为指示人,在购买商品后为卖方提供保付款项的文件。
2.跟单信用证(Documentary Letter of Credit): 除了支付任务,还要求卖方提供与货物相关的文件,如提单、装箱单等。
3.保函(Bank Guarantee): 是银行为了保证某人或企业履行合同、支付款项等义务而出具的书面保证。
4.电汇(Telegraphic Transfer): 是一种通过银行电子转账方式进行的国际支付。
5.托收(Collection): 是一种付款方式,出口商通过银行要求进口商支付,银行收取费用并帮助卖方收款。
国际贸易实务名词翻译Chapter1流动性过剩excess liquidity自给自足self-sufficient经济资源economic resources直接投资direct investment国际收支balance of payments商品交换barter出口退税export tax rebate倾销dumping出口型经济增长export-driven economicgrowth东道国host country贸易差额balance of trade贸易顺差favorable balance oftrade贸易逆差unfavorable balance oftrade欧盟European Union国际收支顺差favorable balance ofpayments国际收支逆差unfavorable balance ofpaymentsexport subsidies 出口补贴binding quota 绑定配额absolute quotas 绝对配额VER 自愿出口限制tariff-rate quotas 关税配额zero quota 零配额“buy local” rules 本地采购原则Chapter3trade bloc 贸易集团trade block 贸易禁运/ 封锁open regionalism 开放式区域主义free trade area 自由贸易区customs union 关税联盟common market 共同市场economic union 经济联盟trade embargoes 贸易禁运boycotts 抵制歧视性关税discriminatory tariffs 经济制裁economic sanction贸易弹性trade elasticity双边贸易协定bilateral tradeagreement多边贸易协定multilateral tradeagreements最惠国most favored nation Chapter4施惠国Patronage nations受惠国Favored nations缔约国Contracting Parties 市场准入market access透明度transparency紧急进口措施Urgent ImportingMeasures争端解决机制dispute settlementmechanism可持续发展sustainabledevelopment特许经营franchiseChapter5装运港port of shipment船上交货FOB卸货费discharge expense多式联运multimodal transport 投保cover insurance内陆水运marine navigation oninland waterway清关customs clearance象征性交货symbolic deliveryVAT 增值税String sales *连环贸易procure the goods already so delivered*采购已交付货物place the goods at the disposal of the buyer*货物放置由买方处置Chapter6毛重gross weight理论重量theoretical weight净重net weight约定皮重computed tare公量conditioned weight单位重量unit weight含水量water capacity习惯皮重customary tare法定重量legal weight实际皮重actual weight从价税ad valorem duty平均皮重average tare货样不符goods not equal to thesample副产品by-productsGeneral Administration of Quality Supervision国家质量监督检验检疫总局Chapter7油轮Oil tanker定程租船Voyage Charter滚装船Ro/Ro vessel定期租船Time Charter载驳轮LASH ( Light AboardShip )光船租船Bare Boat Charter(BBC) 船期表sailing schedule租船合同charter contract滞期费demurrage charge班轮运价表liner freight rateschedule速遣费dispatch money选卸附加费optional additional直航附加费direct additional转船附加费transshipmentsurcharge港口拥挤附加费Port CongestionSurcharge运输代理transportation agent 包裹package拼箱货LCL( Less thancontainer load)结汇settlement整装箱FCL( Full containerload )空运单Air waybill集装箱货运站container yard装运通知shipping notice处置权right of disposal partial shipment 分批装船分批转运partialtransshipmentbill of lading 提单clean B/L 清洁提单order B/L 指示提单联合运输提单combined transportB/Lblank B/L 空白提单straight B/L 记名提单through B/L 联运提单liner B/L 班轮提单ante-dated B/L 倒签提单advanced B/L 预借提单consignment note 陆运或铁路运输通知blank endorsement 空白背书IATA 国际航空运输协会多式联运单据combined transportdocumentsFCL 整箱货LCL 拼箱货Chapter8投保人insured共同海损general average投保金额insured amount外来风险extraneous risks保险单insurance policy推定全损constructive average 海上风险marine risks施救费用salvage charges救助费用sue and labor expenses意外事故misfortune承保人insurer单独海损particular average保险费insurance premium航空运输货物战争险air transportation warrisk陆运险land transportationrisks陆运一切险land transportationall risks估损费用risk estimationcharges航空运输一切险air transportation allrisks charges海运保险Ocean marineinsuranceWar risk 战争险Basic risks基本险种coverageInsured amount 投保金额T.P.N.D. 偷盗、失窃、提货不着险Taint of odor 串味险Overland陆上运输保险transportationinsurance邮寄包裹保险Parcel postinsurance平安险Free fromparticular average附加险别Additional riskscoverage淡水雨淋险Fresh water and/orrain damageWith particular水渍险averageChapter 9Cost structure 成本构成Cost of production 生产成本Profit margin 边际利润Selling cost 销售成本Target costing 目标成本法Everyday low pricing(EDLP)total fixed cost每日低价Variable cost 变动成本Skimming price 撇脂定价战略strategyPenetration渗透定价战略strategy浮动汇率风险Floating exchangerisk以成本为基础的定价pricing based on cost 法损益两平定价法break-even pricing边际成本定价法Marginal cost pricing 损益两平点break-even point计价货币money of account支付货币money of payment硬通货hard currency软通货soft currency汇率exchange rate佣金commission折扣discount价款调整price adjustment期货市场forward market现货市场spot marketChapter10信用状况credit standard远期信用证time L/C, usance L/C 通知银行advising bank信用证有效期the maturity of L/C交付运单the maturity of L/C支付保障条款delivery of B/L支付结算confirmation of credit 申请人与受益人applicant andbeneficiary国际保理internationalfactoring。
国际贸易实务:名词解释53个汇总名词解释1.barter trade(易货贸易):the direcrt exchange ofgoods or services-without an intervening medium of exchange or momey-eitheraccording to established rates of exchange or by bargaining.it is consideredthe oldest form of trade.2.direct trade(直接贸易):goods are transporteddirectly from the production country to the consuming country. In this case,only two parties are involved in the transaction,namely the exporter and theimporter.3.entrepot trade:refers to the transaction which involves importing goods from overseasfor further processing or assembling and then reexporting the goods abroad. Entrepottrade involves only one party, who is the importer, the processor and at thesame time also the exporter.4.invisibletrade(无形贸易):没有实物形态的技术和服务的进出口。
例如,机器、设备、家具等都是有实物形态的商品,这些商品的进出口称为有形贸易。
专利使用权的转让、旅游、金融保险企业跨国提供服务等都是没有实物形态的商品,其进出口称为无形贸易。
5.transittrade(过境贸易):if goods are transportedfrom the producing country to the consuming country via a third country’sbor der. It can be further divided into direct transit trade and indirecttransit trade.6.actualdelivery(实际交货):refers to a deliverysituation in which when the seller delivers the buyer does physically receivethe goods.7.appropriation(划拨,分拨):is another critical stage in the process of delivery. It refers to the act of clearly identifyingthe goods as the goods assigned for a particular contract.8.arrivalcontract(到货合同):means a contract using anincoterm which indicates that the delivery happens when the goods arrive at thedestination.9.shipmentcontract(装运合同):is a contract using anincoterm which indicates that the delivery happens at the time or before thetime of shipment.10.shipmentnotice(装船通知):The party arrangesshipment shall provide his counterpart with sufficient notice related to thetransportation. Inability to provide sufficient and prompt shipment notice tothe counterpartmay lead to the failure of transfer or advancedtransfer of risk.11.symbolicdelivery(象征性交货):is a delivery situation in which when the seller delivers the buyer doesnot physically receive the goods. This kind of delivery is proved by thesubmission of transport document by the seller to the buyer.12.QC(quality control): 1)Seller’s expense to cover checkingoperations: quality control during the production, measuring, weighing andcounting a the time of delivery.2)Buyer’s necessity to inspect the goods beforetaking delivery, hence he must pay pre-shipment inspection.3)Seller pay anycosts of inspections mandated by the local authorities which is normally partof customs clearance .mission(佣金):指中间商因向卖方(或买方)介绍生意或代卖代买货物而收取的酬金。
14.counter-offer(还盘):a reply to an offer which contains additions, limitations orother modeifications.15.discount(折扣,贴现):指卖方按照原价给予买方一定百分比的减让。
17.ECFFE(exportcost for foreign exchange ratio)(出口换汇成本):指每出口换回一个单位的外汇(通常为美元)需花费多少本币数额的成本。
是外贸企业核算其出口经济效益的重要指标之一。
18.qualitytolerance(品质公差):refers to the qualitydeviation recognized,which allows the quality of the goods delivered to have certaindifference within a range.19.sale bysample(凭样品买卖): A sale is made by samplewhen the seller and buyer agree that samples are used as reference of qualityand condition of goods to be delivered. Used when it is difficult to describequality of the commodity by words. 20.quantitylatitude(数量机动幅度):是指卖方可按买卖双方约定某一具体数量多交或少交若干的幅度。
因为有些商品受货源变化,商品特性(比如某些农产品、矿产品),尤其是运输工具的限制,合同中若规定一个固定的交货数量,将给卖方履行合同带来困难。
因此,为了顺利履行合同,在长期的贸易实践中形成了规定数量机动幅度条款的做法,对于那些数量难以严格限定的商品,在规定的机动幅度内可以有数量的增加和减少,对此均不构成违约。
21.sale byspecifications(凭规格买卖):the specifications of acommodity comprise some important indicators . defining quality byspecification is simple and accurate, therefore is widely used in internationaltrade22.sale bystandard(凭标准买卖):是指买卖双方在交易中以商品的标准表示商品品质。
商品的标准是指将商品的规格和等级予以标准化,商品的标准,有的由国家或有关政府主管部门规定,也有由同业公会,交易所或国际性的工商组织规定,有些商品习惯于标准买卖,人们往往使用某种标准作为说明和评定商品品质的依据。
23.more or lessclause(溢短装条款): For the sake ofefficient shipment and less complexity in contract execusion it is common toallow the seller to deliver the goods with a certain percentage of more or lessib quantity accordingly. Concerns three issues:1)how much more or less shouldbe allowed 2)which party is entitled to make the decision 3)how should the moreor less portion of the goods be priced.24.neutralpacking(中性包装): No marking of origin orname of the manufacturer should appear on the product, on the shipping packingor sale packaging.25.FAQ(fairaverage quality)(良好平均品质):the abbreviation of “fairaverage quality”. It is a kind of standard used to indicate that the quality ofthe product offered is about equal to the average quality level of the same crop within a certain period of time26.OEM(originalequipment manufacturer):it refers to a kind of international trade practicethat Sellers use the brand name or trademark designated by buyers on theirmanufactured goods.27.containerization(集装箱化):Containerization is a method of distributing merchandise in a unitizedform adopting an inter-modal system which provides a possible combination ofsea, road and other modes of transportation.y day(装卸天数):在程租船合同中,船东允许租船人完成装卸任务所规定的时间,一般以天数或小时为单位。