2017高考英语阅读理解主旨大意题

【Practice 2】 (2014山东)
Are you lazy about brushing your teeth? Never fear: An inventor is on the case. An electric toothbrush (invented by Serval) senses how long and how well you brush…
__S_e_r_v_a_l _sa_y_s_h_e_w__a_s _in_s_p_ir_e_d_b_y__h_is_e_x_p_e_r_ie_n_c_e_a_s_a fa_t_h_e_r. He would come home from work and ask his kids if they had brushed their teeth. They said “yes,” but Serval would find their toothbrush heads dry. He decided he needed a brush that really told him how well his children brushed.
A. Ways of making coffee
B. Coffee around the world
C. Advice on buying coffee
D. Benefits of drinking coffee 解题分析：
该主题句的话题是：Coffee 解释性的词：is a universal drink that is served in 标题： different ways around the world.
On the satellite designed by Dana, there is a radar system that would scan for and find a piece of space junk. Then, thrusters(推进器) would change the satellite’s orbit so that it could chase down the object. As the satellite got close to the junk, cameras would keep it on target. At the last minute, a door that leads to a bulletproof (防弹的) container would open, and then get the junk swallowed. Finally, when the trash container was full, it would be lowered toward Earth on a kilometers-long cable and its contents released into the upper atmosphere, where the space junk would harmlessly burn up.
main idea of the passage? 2) 目的类 • The passage is meant/intended to … • The purpose of this article is to … 3) 标题类 • The best title of the passage is …
（2）段尾——详细论证，总结陈词。
语篇结构为：表述细节——Fra Baidu bibliotek括主题 （归纳要点、得出结论、提出建议）
Sample 3
Nothing is as useful as a flashlight on a dark night if a tire goes flat. Few inventions are so helpful to a child who is afraid of the dark. _In__f_a_c_t_, _th__e_m__o_d__e_r_n_f_l_a_s_h_l_ig__h_t_b_r_i_n_g_s___ _li_g_h_t_t_o__m__a_n_y__d_a_r_k__s_i_tu_a__ti_o_n_s_._Finding something in the back of a closet is easy with a flashlight in hand . A camper also needs one after the light of the campfire has been out.
（6）理解作者的意图、观点和态度
学习任务
掌握主旨大意题的解题策略
学习任务一
了解主旨大意题的设题方式
1) 主题类 • The main idea of the passage is … • The passage is mainly about … • What is the passage mainly about? • Which of the following statements is the
（3）段中——引题过渡，导出主题。 语篇结构为:“引题——主题思想——解释”
或“提问——-回答——解释”。
4）首尾——首尾呼应，烘托主题
语篇结构为:提出主题—— 展开论述或说明
——进一步引申或发展主题 —Sm—o—k—in—g—ci—ga—re—tt—es—i—s —ha—rm—f—u—l t—o —yo—ur hs—me—aol—tkhi—n. Egxcpaenricmaeunstescsahnocwert.hBaet sciidgeasretthtee most serious and terrible disease illness, cancer, cigarette smoking also can cause other health problems. For example, it can give one a “smoker’s cough”. Finally, studies have shown it is easy for cigarette smokers to catch colds. Whether you get an unimportant cold or terrible killer, cancer, s—m—o—ki—ng—i—s h—a—rm—f—ul. Is it worth it?
正确选项的特点：不出现细节信息，不含过分肯 定或绝对意义的词; 概括全文, 内容全面,含义 深刻, 贴切准确。
【Practice 4】
Smoking cigarettes is harmfu帽l t子o y太ou大r health.
Ecaxupseer画ciman蛇ecnet添rs.sB足heoswidtehsatthceigmaorestttseesrmioouks ianngdcan
●What is this paragraph mainly about?
A. How space trash could be used.
B. How Dana designed her satellite.
C. How the satellite would work.
D. How the satellite would be created.
【Practice 1】The topic sentence of a passage： Coffee is a universal drink that is served in different ways around the world.
● The best title for the passage should be ____.
学习任务二
掌握定位主题句的方法
利用主题句，快速把握段落、文章大 意，是做好主旨大意题的重要技巧。
Sample 1
L_u__n_g__c_a_n_c_e_r__is__t_h_e__w_o_r_s_t__c_a_n_c_e_r__k_i_ll_e_r_i_n__ A__m_e_r__ic_a . About 160,440 Americans die each year from it. More than 87 percent of lung cancers are smoking related, according to the Lung Cancer Organization.
主题句的位置
1、段(文)首——开门见山，点出主题； 2、段(文)尾——详细论证，总结陈词； 3、段(文)中——引题过渡，导出主题; 4、段(文)首尾—首尾呼应，烘托主题；
学习任务三
掌握提炼主题句的方法
以该主题句中的“话题”为核心， 把解释性的词按一定的语法浓缩为 概括主题句句意或中心思想的词组 或短句。
Reading is everything!
英语学科英阅语读考理试解大高纲考说明
要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般
性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，
并能从中获取相关信息。考生应能：
（1）理解主旨和要义
主旨大意题
（2）理解文中具体信息
（3）根据上下文推断生词的词义
（4）作出判断和推理
（5）理解文章的基本结构
1、段首——开门见山，点出主题。 语篇结构为：点出主题——围绕主题 展开陈述、论证或说明
Sample 2 Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do. Others prefer to be left to work on their own. Still others like a democratic(民主的) discussion type of class. _N__o_o_n_e__te_a_c_h_i_n_g__m_e_t_h_o_d__c_a_n_b_e__d_e_s_ig_n_e_d__to _s_a_t_is_f_y_a_l_l _s_tu_d__en__ts__a_t _t_h_e_s_a_m__e_t_im__e_.
学习任务四
归纳无主题段或主题句的材料的方法
读懂各段落或各句主要讲了那几 方面的内容，这些内容在逻辑上有什么 联系，然后加以分析、归纳、推理 ， 形成主题。
【Pr画ac蛇tic添e足3】
以偏概全
帽子太大 ● The best title for this article is____.
A. Astonishing Medicine B. Farmer Loses Arm C. Dangerous Bites D. Snake Doctor
Sample
某一文章的主题句为：
An advertising slogan is to a brand what eyes are to a person.
该主题句的话题是：slogan
解释性的词：
is to a brand what eyes are to a person
由此拟定标题为：Slogan And Brand.
●What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A. How Serval found out his kids lied to him. B. What’s the most important invention . C. How Serval taught his kids to brush their teeth. D. What inspired Serval to invent the toothbrush
学习任务五： 主旨大意题选项的特点 干扰项的特点 1.画蛇添足:即文中根本没有提到，把自己的观点
强加给作者以充当主题，或在文中找不到语言 依据的信息。 2.帽子太大:即选择的主题过于笼统，与细节脱节 或文章缺乏充分的论证。 3.以偏概全:即只抓住了主题的一个侧面或一句没 有展开论述的句子而误认为是主题。