2017高考英语阅读理解主旨大意题

浙江2017高考英语阅读理解【主旨大意题】讲解及选练（含答案）高考英语阅读理解常考点分析阅读理解试题常采用以下四种题型：1. 考查考生快速捕捉信息、处理信息的能力 (细节理解题)；2. 考查考生对某个词或词语的理解能力 (词义猜测题) ；3. 考查考生对文章主旨大意或段落大意的概括能力 (主旨大意题)；4. 考查考生对文章的隐含意义、延伸意义的推理判断能力(推理判断题)。

【主旨大意题】主旨大意题要求考生对全文的内容或某一段或某几段的内容加以合理的归纳，目的是检查对短文整体或某一或某几个段落的理解概括能力。

它可以是文章或段落中心的陈述，也可以是文章标题的选择。

有些文章尤其是说明文和议论文，往往有主题句表明中心思想。

但有些文章，比如记叙文往往没有明确的主题句，需要考生在认真体会，明确作者的意图的基础上来概括文章的中心。

【备考策略】1. 注意主题段落和主题句的位置，特别是文章首段和结尾或段首和段尾；2. 注意提炼文章的关键词，文章的关键词有时候会出现在正确选项中。

【干扰项特点】1. 以偏概全。

干扰项只阐述了文章的一部分内容，也就是文章的局部信息。

2. 主题扩大。

干扰项所归纳、概括的范围过大，超过文章实际所讨论的内容。

3. 张冠李戴。

命题者有意地把属于A的特征放在B的身上，构成一个干扰项。

4. 断章取义。

干扰项常常以文章中的个别信息作为选项的设置内容，或者以次要的事实或细节冒充全文的主要观点。

【真题回放】A medium, in advertising talk, is the way you communicate your message. You might say that the first medium used in advertising was signs withsymbols. The second medium was audio, or sound, although that term is not used exactly in the way we use it today. Originally, just the human voice and maybe some kind of simple instrument, such as a bell, were used to get people’s attentionA crier, in the historical sense, is not someone who weeps easily. It is someone, probably a man, with a voice loud enough to be heard over the other noises of city. In ancient Egypt, shopkeepers might hire such a person to spread the news about their products. Often this earliest form of advertising involved a newly arrived ship loaded with goods. Perhaps the crier described the goods, explained where they came from, and praised their quality. His job was, in other words, not too different from a TV or radio commercial in today’s world.（2013 浙江卷阅读理解A篇）45. The last two paragraphs are mainly about .A. the history of advertisingB. the benefits of advertisingC. the early forms of advertisingD. the basic design of advertising45. C。

2017高考英语阅读理解--主旨大意题讲解及选练（含答案）2017高考英语阅读理解解题指导【1】阅读理解历来都是高考英语试卷中难度最大、区分度最高的题型，它要求考生理解文章的主旨和要义；理解文中的具体信息；根据上下文推断生词的词义；理解文章的基本结构；理解作者的意图、观点和态度等。

下面我们来探讨一下高考阅读理解的解题思路。

一、主旨大意题此类题型主要考查考生的归纳、概括等能力。

一种命题方式是对整篇文章或者某一段落大意的概括，提问方式一般是：What is the text mainly about?/What is the main idea of the text/ the second paragraph?；另一种命题方式是提炼文章的标题，其提问方式一般是：What can be the best title for the text?阅读时，文章的开头、结尾及段落的段首句和段尾句特别重要，因为它们往往包含文章的中心议题。

有时候，文章或段落中没有明确的主题句，需要我们根据所提供的信息归纳出文章或段落的主旨大意。

同时要注意提炼文章的关键词。

此外，标题类题目还要追求语言的生动和趣味性。

【例1】(2013安徽卷B篇)Using too much water or throwing rubbish into our rivers are clear ways that humans can put our water supply in danger, but we also affect our water supply in less obvious ways. You may wonder how paving (铺砌) a road can lead to less useable fresh water. A major part of the water we use every day is groundwater. Groundwater does not come from lakes or rivers. It comes from underground. The more roads and parking lots we pave, the less water can flow into the ground to become groundwater.63. The text is mainly about ______.A. why paving roads reduces our waterB. how much we depend on water to liveC. why droughts occur more in dry climatesD. how human activity affects our water supply解析：文章主要介绍了由于一些不合理的人类活动，导致了水资源的短缺，呼吁大家从我做起，从小事做起来保护水资源。

2017-2019高考英语真题分类解析阅读理解说明类一、2019年高考真题1. 【2019·全国卷I，C】As data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is growing for biometric(生物测量)technologies—like fingerprint scans—to keep others out of private e-spaces. At present, these technologies are still expensive, though.Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device(装置)that gets around this problem: a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence(节奏)with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key. The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a user's typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the keyboard can determine people's identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer it's connected to—regardless of whether someone gets the password right.It also doesn't require a new type of technology that people aren't already familiar with. Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently.In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word “touch”four times using the smart keyboard. Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates. The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.28. Why do the researchers develop the smart keyboard?A. To reduce pressure on keys.B. To improve accuracy in typingC. To replace the password system.D. To cut the cost of e-space protection.29. What makes the invention of the smart keyboard possible？A. Computers are much easier to operate.B. Fingerprint scanning techniques develop fast.C. Typing patterns vary from person to person.D. Data security measures are guaranteed.30. What do the researchers expect of the smart keyboard？all 1o soisgitieoco oll.A. It'll be environment-friendly.B. It'll reach consumers soon.C. It'll be made of plastics.D. It'll help speed up typing.31. Where is this text most likely from?A. A diary.B. A guidebookC. A novel.D. A magazine.【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。

2017高考英语阅读理解一轮（九月）精编（五）阅读理解。

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C 和D)中，选出最佳选项。

A lot of us lose life's tough battles by starting a frontal attack--when a touch of humor might well enable us to win. Consider the case of a young friend of mine, who was on his trapped w ay to work shortly after receiving an ultimatum(最后通牒) about the job. Although there was a good reason for Sam' s being late--serious illness at home--he decided that this by-now-familiar excuse wouldn't work any longer. His supervisor was probably already pacing up and down preparing a dismissal s peech.Yes, the boss was, Sam entered the office at 9:35. The place was as quiet as a locker room; everyone was hard at work. S am's supervisor came up to him. Suddenly, Sam forced a grin and stretched out his hand. "How do you do!" he said. "I'm S am Maynard. I'm applying for a job, which, I understand, beca me available just 35 minutes ago. Does the early bird get the worm?"The room exploded in laughter, except that the supervisor ha d to clamp off a smile and walked back to his office. Sam May nard had saved his job--with the only tool that could win, a laugh.Humor is a most effective, yet frequently neglected, means of handling the difficult situations in our lives. It can be used for patching up differences, apologizing, saying "no", criticizing, g etting the other fellow to do what you want without his losing f ace. For some jobs, it's the only tool that can succeed. It is a way to discuss subjects so sensitive that serious dialog may s tart a quarrel. For example, many believe that comedians on t elevision are doing more today for racial and religious toleran ce than people in any other forum.1. Why was Sam late for his job?A. Because he was seriously ill at home.B. Because he received an ultimatum.C. Because he was busy applying for a new job.D. Because he was caught in a traffic jam.2. What is the main idea of this passage?A. Sam Maynard saved his job with humor.B. Humor is important in our lives.C. Early bird can get the worm.D. Humor can solve racial discriminations.3. The phrase "clamp off" in Paragraph 3 means ________.A. try to hold backB. pretend to setC. send offD. give out4. Which of the following statements can we infer from the pa ssage?A. Many lose life's battles for they are always late.B. Sam was supposed to come to his office at 8:30.C. It wasn't the first time that Sam came late for his work.D. Humor is the most effective way of solving problems.1、答案解析：答案为D。

2017年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试天津卷英语本试卷分为第I卷（选择题）和第II卷（非选择题）两部分，共130分，考试用时100分钟。

第I卷1至10页，第II卷11至12页。

答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考号填写在答题卡上，并在规定位置粘贴考试用条形码。

答卷时，考生务必将答案涂写在答题卡上，答在试卷上的无效。

考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

祝各位考生考试顺利！第I卷注意事项：1. 每小题选出答案后，用铅笔将答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

2. 本卷共55小题，共95分。

第一部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节：单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

例：Stand over there___________ you’ll be able to see it better.A. orB. andC. butD. while 答案是B。

1. —Albert’s birthday is on next Saturday, and I’m planning a surprise party for him. —__________. I’ll bring some wine.A. Sounds like funB. It dependsC. Just a minuteD. You are welcome【答案】A【解析】试题分析:句意:艾儿伯特的生日在下星期日,我准备给他办一个惊喜派对,听起来很有趣,我将带些酒来,选择A。

2. My room is a mess, but I __________clean it before I go out tonight. I can do it in the morning.A. daren’tB. shouldn’tC. needn’tD. mustn’t【答案】C【解析】试题分析：句意：我的房间很乱，但是在今晚我出去之前不需要打扫，我可以明天早晨再打扫。

主旨大意题【题型突破】主旨大意题主要考查学生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力。

根据多年的备考及高考实践，这类题目考查的范围是：基本论点、文章标题、主题或段落大意等。

它要求考生在理解全文的基础上能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维方法，对文章进行高度概括或总结，属于高层次题。

选择＂主题＂旨在考查考生是否掌握了所读文章的主要内容或主旨，通常用词、短语或句子来概括。

常见的提问方式有：1. What is the main / general idea of this text?2. What is mainly discussed in this passage?3. What is the text mainly about?4. This text mainly tells us ________.5. This passage mainly deals with _________.6. The main idea of this passage may be best expressed as_________.选择标题题则是让考生给所读的文章选择一个合适的标题。

通常标题由一个名词或名词短语充当，用词简短、精练。

常见的提问方式有：1. What would be the best title for the text?2. Which of the following is the best / most suitable title for this text?3. The best / most suitable title for this text would be ________.4. The topic of this passage is _________.不管是选择＂主题＂还是选择＂标题＂，实质上都是要求考生从整体上理解语篇内容，找出贯穿语篇的主线；不管是何种体裁的文章，总是围绕一个主题来展开的。

2017高考英语阅读理解解析版汇编（52）阅读理解。

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。

I grew up in a house where the TV was seldom turned on and with one wall in my bedroom entirely lined with bookshelves, most of my childhood was spent on books I could get hold of. In fact, I grew up thinking of reading as natural as breathing and books unbelievably powerful in shaping perspectives (观点) by creating worlds we could step into, take part. in. and live in.With this unshakable belief, I, at. fourteen, decided to become a writer. Here too, reading became useful. Every writer starts off knowing that he has something to say, but being unable to find the right ways to say it. He has to find his own voice by reading widely and discovering which parts of the writers he agrees or disagrees with, or agrees with so strongly that it reshapes his own world. He cannot write without loving to read, because only through reading other people’s writing can one discover what works, what doesn’t and, in the end, together with lots of practice, what voice he has.Now I am in college, and have come to realize how important it is to read fiction (文学作品)．As a. law student, my reading is in fact limited to subject matter—the volume (量) of what I have to read for classes every week means there is little time to read anything else. Such reading made it all the clearer to me that I live in a very small part in this great place called life. Reading fiction reminds me that there is life beyond my own. It allows me to travel across the high seas and along the Silk Road, all from the comfort of my own armchair, to experience, though secondhand, exciting experiences that I wouldn't necessarily be able to have in my lifetime.( ) 1. What can be inferred about the author as a child?A. He never watched TV.B. He read what he had to.C. He found reading unbelievable.D. He considered reading part of his life.( ) 2. The underlined word "voice" in the second paragraph most probably means “”.A. an ideaB. a sound qualityC. a way of writingD. a world to write about( ) 3. What effect does reading have on the author?A. It helps him to realize his dream.B. It opens up a wider world for him.C. It makes his college life more interesting.D. It increases his interest in worldwide travel.( ) 4. Which of the following can be the best title of this text?A. Why do I read?B. How do I read?C. What do I read?D. When do I read?语篇解读：本篇文章是记叙文。

2017年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语（新课标Ⅰ卷）参考答案及解析【答案快查】21-23 BDA 24-27 ACAB 28-31 DCCA 32-35 DBCD 36-40 DCAFE41-45 ABCDA 46-50 CBADB 51-55 DBCAC 56-60 DACBD61 as 62 effects 63 to process 64 are removed 65 a66 worse 67 is 68 eating 69 careful 70 which第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)A【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。

本文介绍了太平洋科学中心的一些附属服务项目和资助捐款信息。

广告号召人们踊跃为科学中心捐款，支持科学普及事业。

【答案解析】21. B 细节理解题。

由The store is located(位于) upstairs in Building 3 right next to the Laster Dome可知太平洋科学中心的纪念品购物商店位于三栋楼上。

故B项正确。

22. D 细节理解题。

由Today Pacific Science Center serves more than 1.3 million people a year and brings inquiry-based science education to classrooms and community events all over Washington State可知太平洋科学中心把科学教育带入了课堂。

23. A 推理判断题。

由It’s an amazing accomplishment and one we can’t achieve without generous support from individuals, corporations, and other social organizations. Visit to find various ways you can support Pacific Science Center可知太平洋科学中心取得的令人惊喜的成绩离不开个人、公司和其它社会组织的慷慨支持。

2017高考英语一轮阅读理解练习（三）阅读理解。

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和D）中，选出最佳选项。

Businesses are witnessing a difficult time, which has in turn pr oduced influence on consumers’ desire to go green. However, shoppers are still laying stress on environmental concerns. Two thirds of customers say that environmental consideration s inform their purchases to the same degree as they did a yea r ago, while more than a quarter say that they are now even b etter aware of the environmental effect on what they buy. This may help to influence how shops store goods on their sh elves. And the companies should still make efforts to become more environmentally friendly. Two out of three people think it is important to buy from environmentally responsible compani es, with about one in seven saying that they had even decide d to take their custom elsewhere if they felt a company’s envir onmental reputation was not good enough.Harry Morrison, chief executive（主管）of the Carbon Trust, sympathizes：“I understand this situation where survival is very important no w. But from environmental considerations, the clock is ticking—we don’t have much time. In addition, cutting carbon has an i mmediate effect as costs drop and a medium-term benefit for the brand.”Larger companies have an extra motivation to look at reducin g their carbon footprint, as new rules next year will require bu sinesses to buy carbon allowances to make up for their emissi ons（排放）. Those that have taken early action will have a head star t. More than two thirds of consumers are not clear about whic h companies are environmentally responsible. This suggests t hat firms that are able to relay clearly their message to the pu blic will be in a pole position to attract shoppers.The Carbon Trust believes that it can help by informing custo mers about the good work companies are doing. “When comp anies are granted（授予）the standard, they can use a logo （标识）in all their marketing which makes it clear that they are workin g towards cutting emissions,” Mr. Morrison said.( ) 1. What’s the main idea of the passage?A. Businesses are finding ways to send their message to the shoppers.B. Companies will soon get information about cutting carbon emissions.C. Firms are making efforts to encourage customers to keep g oods at home.D. Firms are urged to cut carbon emissions by shoppers’ envi ronmental awareness.( ) 2. The underlined word “inform” in Paragraph 2 probably means“”.A. affectB. changeC. disturbD. reject( ) 3. According to Harry Morrison, businesses .A. will benefit from cutting carbon emissionsB. should buy carbon allowances for shoppersC. are required to make up for their carbon emissionsD. have encouraged shoppers to take their custom elsewhere ( ) 4. We can learn from the passage that businesses will .A. have a strong desire to reduce costsB. use the same logo in their marketingC. gain advantages by taking early actionD. attract more shoppers by storing goods【语篇解读】本篇文章为说明文。