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高考英语冲刺阅读理解的主旨大意题解题技巧在高考英语中，阅读理解占据着相当重要的地位，而其中的主旨大意题更是考查考生综合理解和把握文章核心内容的关键题型。
对于即将参加高考的同学们来说，掌握有效的解题技巧来应对主旨大意题，是提高阅读理解分数的重要途径。
一、了解主旨大意题的常见提问方式首先，我们要熟悉主旨大意题常见的提问形式。
比如：“What is the main idea of the passage?” 、“The passage is mainly about” 、“Which ofthe following best expresses the main idea of the passage?” 等等。
通过对这些常见提问方式的了解，我们能够在阅读文章时更有针对性地去寻找主旨。
二、阅读文章时要抓关键1、关注文章的开头和结尾很多文章在开头就会点明主题，或者在结尾处进行总结概括。
所以，在阅读时要特别留意开头和结尾的段落，这往往是揭示主旨的关键所在。
2、留意段落的主题句通常，每个段落都会有一个主题句，它能够概括该段落的主要内容。
主题句可能出现在段首、段中或段尾。
如果能够准确找到段落的主题句，对于理解整篇文章的主旨会有很大帮助。
3、注意文中的转折词和总结词像“but”、“however”等转折词，以及“therefore”、“thus”等总结词后面的内容，往往包含着重要的信息，可能会指向文章的主旨。
三、排除干扰选项1、以偏概全的选项这类选项往往只涉及文章的某一部分内容，而不能涵盖整篇文章的主旨。
2、过于具体的细节选项虽然是文章中提到的内容，但只是具体的细节，不能代表文章的整体大意。
3、与文章内容无关的选项有些选项可能与文章的主题毫无关联，很容易被排除。
4、主观臆断的选项这类选项是根据自己的想法推测出来的，而非基于文章的内容。
四、归纳总结文章主旨在理解了文章的大致内容，并排除了干扰选项后，我们需要对文章的主旨进行归纳总结。
第一部分专题一第4讲A(2022·山东省泰安市高三一模)Imagine that one day you live in a highly immersive (身临其境) virtual world.You can go to a virtual concert, take a trip online, view or create artworks and try on or buy digital clothing.Amid a pandemic like COVID-19, instead of seeing teachers and classmates on a video call screen, you could join them in a virtual classroom.This may help you understand the concept, metaverse.The term metaverse refers to a shared virtual 3D world in which people can access via the Internet.Currently, most virtual spaces look more like the inside of a video game than real life.However, metaverseʼs made the digital spaces more realistic by the use of virtual reality (VR) or augmented reality (AR, 增强现实).Metaverse was first used in Neal Stephensonʼs novel SnowCrash in 1992.The novel is about Hiro, a pizza delivery man by day and a VR superhero by night who lives in an online universe called The Metaverse.“He is in a computer-generated universe that his computer is drawing onto his glasses and pulling into his earphones，” the novel says of the city that everyone pops into in VR.The idea rings in many other works, for example, in ReadyPlayerOne directed by Steven Spielberg.In recent years, metaverse has become the latest popular word to capture the tech industryʼs imagination so much that one of the best-known Internet platforms is renamed to embrace the futuristic idea—Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg recently announced that he changed his companyʼs name to Meta.Tech companies are also dedicated to exploring metaverse-related products.Facebook has launched meeting software for companies, called Horizon Workrooms, to use with VR headsets.The headsets cost $300 or more, putting the metaverseʼs most cutting-edge (尖端的) experiences out of reach for many.For users who can afford it, they can enter the virtual worlds created by different companies.Fans of metaverse see it as the next stage in the development of the Internet.So, do you expect the coming of metaverse?1．What can be inferred about metaverse？________A．It is a video game like real life.B．It is a parallel universe imagined by scientists.C．It gives us a real life in a virtual world.D．It can protect yourself from a pandemic.2．What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about？________A．The fiction SnowCrash.B．The origin of metaverse.C．A VR superhero.D．The film ReadyPlayerOne.3．Why did Facebook CEO use Meta as his companyʼs name？________A.Metaverse has become more popular.B．He lives in a virtual world every day.C．Facebook is the best-known Internet platform.D．He has accepted the idea of metaverse.4．What can we know from the text about VR headsets？________A．They are very cheap for most of us.B．Their users can experience a virtual world.C．Horizon Workroom donʼt need them at all.D．They will bring us into the final stage of the Internet.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了什么是虚拟空间(metaverse)、其产生的由来及运用。
突破高考英语四选一阅读之主旨大意题主旨大意题是阅读理解中考生失分最多的题目，因为该类题目不仅考查考生速读文章、领会大意的能力，也对考生的归纳、概括能力提出了较高的要求。
该题型主要包括标题归纳题、文章大意题和段落大意题。
一、标题归纳题【热点考向一】标题归纳题——高度概括定标题)【典例】(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷阅读B)Turning soil，pulling weeds，and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids.And at first it is，says Abby Jaramillo，who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts，a school garden program at four low－income schools.The program aims to help students develop science skills，environmental awareness，and healthy lifestyles.Jaramillo’s students live in neighborhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast food restaurants outnumber grocery stores.“The kids literally come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles of soft drinks，”she says.“They come to us thinking vegetables are awful，dirt is awful，insects are awful.”Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt，most are eager to try something new.Urban Sprouts’ classes，at two middle schools and two high schools，include hands－on experiments such as soil testing，flower－and－seed dissection，tastings of fresh or dried produce，and work in the garden.Several times a year，students cook the vegetables they grow，and they occasionally make salads for their entire schools. ...She adds that the program’s benefits go beyond nutrition.Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetablegardens.Besides，working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students，many of whom have emotional control issues.“They get outside，”she says，“and they feel successful.”27.What can be a suitable title for the text?A.Rescuing School GardensB.Experiencing Country LifeC.Growing Vegetable LoversD.Changing Local Landscape自主解答：________【图解技巧】1.运用4种方法解题2.结合3大特点解题3.排除3种错误选项【实战应用】根据第一段的“And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts...and healthy lifestyles.”和最后一段的“Some students get so interestedin gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens.”以及下文内容可知，文章主要讲述了Abby Jaramillo等老师在低收入学校发起的培养学生科学能力，环保意识以及健康生活方式的Urban Sprouts花园项目，让学生种植蔬菜，对学生影响深远。
阅读理解突破(一)——主旨大意题1．主旨大意题的设题方式(1)What is the passage mainly about?(2)What is the main problem being discussed in the passage?(3)What is the main idea of this passage?(4)The passage is mainly about________.(5)Which of the following may be the best title for the passage?(6)The main idea of the passage is________.(7)Which of the following statements best summarizes the author’s main point?(8)This paragraph centers/focuses on________.(9)This passage is chiefly concerned with________.(10)The author’s p urpose in writing this passage is________.(11)What is the best title for the passage?2．解题策略——如何寻找主题句(1)读首句抓大意。
说明文、议论文等文章的主题句多放在文章开头,抓住了主题句就抓住了文章的中心,因此要寻找这类文章的主旨大意就需要研究文章的首句。
(2)读尾句抓大意。
有时文章的主题句安排在文章的结尾,作为全篇的总结。
(3)读首尾抓大意。
有些文章或段落的开头和结尾部分都有主题句,这种结构是为了突出主题思想而使用的两次点题的写作方法。
通常前后表述主题的句子不是简单的重复,后面点题是进一步的总结,是引申,是发展。
(4)从段落中抓大意。
专题03 主旨大意题---阅读理解题型突破距离高考还有一段时间，不少有经验的老师都会提醒考生，愈是临近高考，能否咬紧牙关、学会自我调节，态度是否主动积极，安排是否科学合理，能不能保持良好的心态、以饱满的情绪迎接挑战，其效果往往大不一样。
以下是本人从事10多年教学经验总结出的以下学习资料，希望可以帮助大家提高答题的正确率，希望对你有所帮助，有志者事竟成！养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。
做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。
总之，在最后的复习阶段，学生们不要加大练习量。
在这个时候，学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式，最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。
英语最后的复习要树立信心，考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”，遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。
越到最后，考生越要回归基础，单词最好再梳理一遍，这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。
另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲刺复习方法。
【考点解读】主旨大意题主要涉及记叙文、议论文和说明文。
话题广泛，如人物故事类、科普说明类、社会文化类等都可以考查主旨大意。
【命题方向】【设问方式】1.What is the text mainly about?2.What does the passage focus on?3.What message does the author convey in the text?4.What’s the best title of the passage?【选项特征】正确选项：1.范围恰当2.概括性强3.精准到位干扰项：1.以偏概全2.概括过度3.偷梁换柱4.无中生有【解题策略】【主题句定位策略】文章是由段落组成的。
段落的主题就是段落的中心思想，具体段落的中心思想又是为文章整体中心思想服务的。
阅读理解突破(一)——主旨大意题1．主旨大意题的设题方式(1)What is the passage mainly about?(2)What is the main problem being discussed in the passage?(3)What is the main idea of this passage?(4)The passage is mainly about________.(5)Which of the following may be the best title for the passage?(6)The main idea of the passage is________.(7)Which of the following statements best summarizes the author’s main point?(8)This paragraph centers/focuses on________.(9)This passage is chiefly concerned with________.(10)The author’s p urpose in writing this passage is________.(11)What is the best title for the passage?2．解题策略——如何寻找主题句(1)读首句抓大意。
说明文、议论文等文章的主题句多放在文章开头,抓住了主题句就抓住了文章的中心,因此要寻找这类文章的主旨大意就需要研究文章的首句。
(2)读尾句抓大意。
有时文章的主题句安排在文章的结尾,作为全篇的总结。
(3)读首尾抓大意。
有些文章或段落的开头和结尾部分都有主题句,这种结构是为了突出主题思想而使用的两次点题的写作方法。
通常前后表述主题的句子不是简单的重复,后面点题是进一步的总结,是引申,是发展。
(4)从段落中抓大意。
有些文章或段落的主题句居中,这种文章或段落往往以一句或几句话引出要表达的主题,在主题句出现以后,再举例子陈述细节或继续论证。
(5)归纳分析抓大意。
有些文章或段落无明显的主题句,但字里行间无不体现主题。
这就要求考生在阅读过程中根据文中所叙述的事实或提供的线索来概括总结主旨大意。
1A couple of years ago,before a trip to China,Nicole Davis andher US women’s volleyball teammates were warned about the prominence(显著、突出) of coach “Jenny” Lang Ping in her native country.“I was pushed over by Chinese journalists while I was just tryingto put my luggage on the bus,”said Davis.Known as the “Iron Hammer” for her punishing spikes(扣球),Langmade it possible for China to dominate in the sport in the early1980s.She was a key player on China’s 1984 Olympic gold medal winningteam.When the US team arrived for the Olympics,Lang,48,who is from Beijing,had to take a different route to avoid a crowd of reporters and fans.Then came the greatest moment to Lang：While the US team was playing in a packed gym,at least 8,000 Chinese fans unfurled an American flag.“That really says it all,” Davis said.“They look at her as an icon(偶像)．I’m sure it’s hard for them to see her coaching another country,but they love her so dearly that her success is their success.”The loyalty of the Chinese fans was tested on Friday,when China lost a matchto the US.“It’s a pity that China lost the match,but I’m still glad that Lang Ping’s team won,since she is the pride of China’s volleyball,” said Liu Chengli,a s p e c t a t o r.“W e a l s o c h e e r e d f o r Lang’s victory.”Lang said she just tried to stay professional when the two teams meet.“It doesn’t matter if we play China or any other team.It’s the same.” Lang said.Davis said she and her teammates could not have imagined the passion for volleyball among Chinese because the sport was lack of popularity in the US. The reception from Chinese fans has touched the US players,said US volleyball player Lindsey Berg.“It’s such an honor to be here and play for our coach here in China,”she said.“The amount of support that the Chinese give to her and us has been tremendous.The whole event has been unbelievable.”1．What’s the passage mainly about?A．Staying professional.B．Cheering for the Iron Hammer.C．A match between China and the US.D．Lang Ping’s career as a coach.答案 B解析本篇文章无明显的主题句,但字里行间都在讲述我国著名排球运动员,现美国女排主教练郎平带队到中国参加奥运会并受到了人们的热烈欢迎,故应选B；而D项意为“郎平的教练生涯”,显然不合题意。
但多数学生误选此项,是由于只注意到了局部信息,犯了以偏赅全的错误,而没有真正理解文章主旨。
2．Lang Ping avoided meeting the reporters and fans probably because she ________.A．was afraid to be questioned about her strategyB．didn’t want to be paid much attention toC．disliked to be with her fansD．didn’t want to disturb public order答案 B解析推理判断题。
从文章第四段的内容可以推断出朗平希望不要太被关注。
3．What does the underlined word “unfurled” exactly mean?A．destroyed completelyB．tore into piecesC．spread out to the windD．rolled up答案 C解析词义猜测题。
由文章第五段和第六段可以知道,这里的中国球迷应该是“打开、展开”了一面美国国旗,所以选C项。
4．What does Lang Ping mean by saying “It doesn’t matter if we play China or any other team.”？A．American Volleyball Team will beat any team.B．Chinese Volleyball Team is the same as other teams.C．She just tried to stay professional.D．The results of each match will be the same.答案 C解析推理判断题。
从文章内容可以知道,朗平认为不论是对阵中国队还是其他队,对她来说,这仅仅是一场比赛而已。
由此推断选C项。
5．What impressed the US team players most?A．The tolerance of Chinese people.B．The popularity of volleyball in China.C．Lang Ping’s coaching sk ills.D．The loyalty for volleyball of the Chinese.答案 B解析细节理解题。
从文章倒数第二段的内容可以知道,排球在中国非常受欢迎,所以选B项。
2(2009·北京,E)Camping wild is a wonderful way to experience the naturalworld and,at its best,it makes little environmentalinfluence.But with increasing numbers of people wanting toescape into the wilderness,it is becoming more and moreimportant to camp unobtrusively(不引人注目地) and leave nomark.Wild camping is not permitted in many places,particularly in crowded lowland B r i t a i n. Wherever you are,find out about organizations responsible for managing wild spaces,and contact them to find out their policy on camping and shelter building.For example,it is fine to camp wild in remote parts of Scotland,but in England you must ask the landowner’s permission,except in national parks.Camping is about having relaxation,sleeping outdoors,experiencing bad weather,and making do without modern conveniences.A busy,fullyequipped campsite(野营地) seems to go against this,so seek out smaller,more remote places with easy access to open spaces and perhaps beaches.Better still,find a campsite with no road access：walking in makes a real adventure.Finding the right spot to ca mp is the first step to guaranteeing a good night’s sleep.Choose a campsite with privacy and minimum influence on others and the environment.Try to use an area where people have obviously camped before rather than creating a new spot.When camping in woodland,avoid standing dead trees,which may fall on a windy night.Avoid animal runs and caves,and possible homes of biting insects.Make sure you have most protection on the windward side.If you make a fire,do so downwind of your shelter.Always consider what influence you might have on the natural world.Avoid damaging plants.A good campsite is found,not made—changing it should be unnecessary.1．You needn’t ask for permission when camping in ________.A．national parks in EnglandB．most parts of ScotlandC．crowded lowland BritainD．most parts of England答案 A解析细节理解题。
