高考英语专题-阅读理解之主旨大意

（1).The main idea of the passage is ________. 2). The passage is mainly about ___________. ((3). What is the passage mainly about? (4). Which of the following statement can best summarize/ sum up the main idea of the passage? (5). What’s the main point/main idea/central thought of the passage?
一：找主题句 开头、中间、结尾 二: 找高频词 反复出现的中心词 所叙述的事实 三: 抓线索 或提供的 线索 四：找关联词
but, yet, however, although, in spite of, by contrast, on the contrary
解题 方法
3. Question forms: 1.主题类
2.标题类 概括性、针对性、醒目性的有机结合
3.作者意图类
(1).The author’s main purpose in writing the passage is ___. (2).The passage is meant to __________. (3).The purpose of this article is _______. (4). The author’s purpose is to show _______.
特点是：短小精悍;涵盖性强，；精确性强 1. 概括性原则 要求覆盖全文，囊括文章的主要 内容，体现文章的主旨。要防止本末倒置，主次 不分，以点代面，以偏概全。 2. 针对性原则 针对性原则要求标题不能太过于 概括，而是要直接指向文章的主旨。即标题不能 太大也不能太小。要量体裁衣，大小适度。 3. 醒目性原则 标题往往比较醒目，甚至比较离 奇，目的是为了吸引读者的注意力，唤起读者对 文章阅读的兴趣。
例题二：….two four-kilometer road tunnels are being built below the central area of the city, one for traffic to the north and the other for the traffic to the south. The two tunnels are about 20 meters below the surface and are 12 meters wide, providing for two lanes of traffic in each direction. In the upper part of the tunnel two air-conditioning pipes remove the waste gas of trucks and cars and keep the quality of air inside the tunnel. The lighting is at the top of the tunnel, practically at its highest point. There will also be electric signs at frequent intervals. They show traffic conditions ahead and can be seen clearly by drivers. The wall is made up of four main elements, which include a waterproofing covering and, on the inside of the tunnel, a concrete lining,… Other systems in the tunnel will include emergency phones. The passage is mainly about _____. A. the construction of a road B. the design of a road C. the construction of two tunnels D.the design of two tunnels
Question formห้องสมุดไป่ตู้:
（1).The best title/headline for this passage might be______. (2).The text (Passage) could be entitled __________. (3).What is the best title for the passage? (4).Which of the following would be suitable as a title for the passage?
If you were planning to buy a television set, the following advertisement would certainly draw your attention: “Color TV. Only ＄79. Two days sale. Hu-rry.” However, when you go to the store ready to buy. You may discover that they are sold out. But the shop assistant is quick to tell you that he has another model. A much better set which is “just right for you” It costs ＄ 395. This This sales called “bait and switch”. sales method methodis is called “bait and switch”. Buyers are baited with a sales advertisement, and then they are switched to another more expensive one. Buying things on sale needs careful consideration of the goods and the reason for the sale. (2分钟) The paragraph could be entitled _________. A. Buying A TV Set (detail) B. A Selling Method 诱售法 C. Buyer Beware (detail) D. TV On Sale (detail)
1.Main idea (主要内容)型
文章的主题句或者说“文眼”是贯穿全文的灵魂， 找到了主题句，就找到了解题的思路。 (1)主题句在文章中的位置通常有三种情况：开头、中 间、结尾（含在开头结尾同时出现、首尾呼应的主题 句）。因此仔细阅读这类文章或段落的首尾句是关键。
(2)找主题句的小窍门
1) 首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答很可能就是文章 主旨；首段出现具体例子或假设时，例子或假设后面的 内容往往就是主旨。 2) 作者有意识地反复重复的观点，通常是主旨；反复出 现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词； 3) 段落中出现表转折的词语（如however, thus, in fact, actually等）时，该句很可能是主题句；
2. (topic 或title型)文章标题型
推敲选项正误的小窍门： • 1) 正确选项不出现细节信息。 • 2) 正确选项一般不含过分肯定或者绝对意义 的词。 • 3) 正确选项一般有抽象名词或概括性词语。 • 4) 四个选项中，内容完全相反的两个选项中， 往往有一个是正确选项。 • 5) 干扰项特点：
①概括不够（多表现为部分代整体，从而导致范围太 小）；②过度概括（多表现为人为扩大范围）；③以 事实、细节替代抽象概括的大意。
[1]Argentina in the late nineteenth century was an exciting place. Around 1870…the dance known an the tango(探戈舞)came into being [2]At the beginning the tango was a dance of the lower classes...Gradually, the dance spread into the upper classes of Argentinean society and became more respectable. [3]In Europe at this time, strong interest in dance from around the world was beginning…the dance did find enough supporters to make it popular. [4]The popularity（流行）Of the tango continued to grow in many other parts of the world… 【2013安徽E】 75. What can be the best title for the text? A.How to Dance the Tango B.The History of the Tango C. How to Promote the Tango D. The Modern Tango Boom
开门见山,提出主题,随之用细节来解释, 支撑或发展主题 句所表达的主题思想。
例题一 Widespread media coverage has been given to a new pill to prevent heart disease and stroke. The Sun said the pill, called Ateronon, “could save thousands of lives”. The Daily Telegraph said that the new product contains a natural thing found in tomatoes that is a powerful antioxidant. The newspaper said the pill can prevent the bulid-up of fat. What is the main idea of the passage? A. How we can prevent heart disease. B. A new pill gets much media attention. C. The build-up of fat is harmful. D. A natural thing was found in tomatoes.
3. (purpose型)写作目的型
这类题的题干中常有purpose，或者后面接 有目的的动词不定式，如：intend to, meant to, （in order） to。我们可以根据 文章的主旨和体裁来判断作者的写作目的， 因此，文章的首尾段或每段的首尾是阅读 的重点，作者的写作意图往往就隐含在其 中。
Reading Comprehension
------How to get the main idea?
1.近几年广东高考阅读理解主旨大意题:
2011 年
2012年
30题, 45题
30题, 45题
2013 年
30题, 31题, 35题 45题
2.阅读中主旨大意题的题型分类与方法 主旨题
1.文章/段落主旨(main idea型) 2.标题类 (topic 或title型) 3.写作意图类(purpose型)