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直接引语和间接引语一．概念理解：直接引用别人所说的话叫直接引语；用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语。
二．直接引语变为间接引语的特点：①不用逗号/冒号/感叹号/引号②要考虑人称和时态变化③要考虑时间、地点状语和指示代词变化.三．变化特点a. 若主句谓语动词是现在时，直接引语变成间接引语不用调整时态。
直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时一般将来时过去将来时一般过去时过去完成时过去将来时不变过去进行时不变过去完成时不变将来进行时过去将来进行时将来完成时过去将来完成时注意：当直接引语表示客观真理时，变为间接引语时态不变。
b. 指示代词、时间状语和动词也要作调整。
直接引语间接引语指示代词this / these that / those时间状语nowtodaytonightthis weekyesterdaythe day before yesterdaylast weekagothree days agotomorrowthe day after tomorrownext weekso farin two daysthenthat daythat nightthat weekthe day beforetwo days beforethe week beforebeforethree days beforethe next / following daytwo days laterthe next / following weekby thenafter two days地点状语Here there方向性动词come / bring go / take情态动词can, may, must could, might, had to注意：即时转述，从句中的时间、地点不用变化；过后转述，而且时间、地点都发生了变化，间接引语中的时间和地点都要随之变化。
c. 直接引语变为间接引语的注意事项（基本规则同于宾语从句部分）：1．陈述句变为间接引语时，宾语从句的引导词用that（可省略）引导。
【定义】宾语从句指在复合句中充当宾语的从句，常常位于及物动词或介词之后，作宾语。
宾语从句的引导词是由宾语从句的句子类型决定的，宾语从句中的时态由主句中谓语动词的时态来决定。
宾语从句三要苏: 引导词；语序；时态●宾语从句引导词有1）连词that/whether/if，2）关系代词what/who/whose/which3）关系副词when/where/how/why等。
●宾语从句的语序【知识归纳】一、宾语从句的引导词引导词用法例句that本身无意义，只起连接作用(口语中可省去) 当宾语从句是陈述句时I really believe(that)Tom will help us．我确实相信汤姆会帮助我们。
If/ whether．． (or not)是否当宾语从句是一般疑问句时I’m not sure if I’ ll have time.我不敢肯定我是否会有时问。
连接代词what，who，which，whose， whom（在从句中充当一定成份作主语，宾语，定语等）当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时I’d like to know what you want best．我想知道你最想要什么东西。
连接副词where，how，when，why（在从句中通常作状语）当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时Please tell me when you were born．请告诉我你是何时出生的。
❖即学即练：1.It all depends on _______ they will do their best or not.2.I made up my mind I would find out ______ was good in my presentsituation.3.He has made it clear _______ he will not give in.4.Reading for his biography(自传), I was lost in admiration for ______语法专题12宾语从句教师版Steven Jobs had achieved.5.We now realize ______ important family are and how improtant to benear them.6.Over thousands of years, they began to depend less on ______ should behunted or fathered from the wild.7.What students do at college seems to matter much more than _____ theygo.8.I'm not sure ______ is more frightened, me or the female gorilla (大猩猩).9.Please hold on to ________ you are strong and try to improve the weaksubjects.10.The young couple was having an arguement about _______ turn it wasto do the cooking.填空题答案：1.Whether2. What3. That4. What5. How6. What7. Where8. Who9. Where 10. Whose二、宾语从句的语序宾语从句无论是陈述句、一般疑问句或特殊疑问句意义，一律用陈述句语序，即“主语+谓语”结构。
直接引语和间接引语直接引述别人的话，叫“直接引语〞。
用自己的话转述别人的话，叫“间接引语〞。
间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。
直接引语一般前后要加引号，间接引语不用引号。
Eg: He said, "I like English."〔直接〕> He said (that) he likes English.〔间接〕一．直接引语假如是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that 引导〔口语中常略〕，从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间是状语、地点状语等要作相应的变化。
1.人称的变化：Eg:(1) Tom asked me, "Can you help me ?">Tom asked me if I could help him.(2) "I'm going to invite my friends to have dinner." Jane to ld me on the phone.>Jane told me on the phone she was going to invite her friends to have dinner.(3) The teacher said, "John, you must bring your book to the class. ">The teacher told John that he must bring his book to the class .(4) He said to me, "Can I use your bike?">He asked me if/whether he could use my bike.(5) She asked him, "Would you like to go shopping with me?">She asked him if/whether he would like to go with her.2.时态的变化：假如主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变间接引语时，从句的谓语动词在时态上要作相应的变化。
直接引述别人讲过的话叫做直接引语，引述的话通常放在引号内。
人说过的话叫做间接引语，间接引语在多数情况下构成的是宾语从句。
直接引语和间接引语之间可进行转换。
转换时通常注意人称、句式、时态和状语间、地点）方面的变化。
say to通常改为tell（一）人称变化：直接引语变间接引语时，的改变。
Eg. Uncle Lee said,”I will visit you after work.”said that he would visit me after work.变的方式与宾语从句的种类相同。
1、直接引语是陈述句时转换成间接引语即宾语从句时用that替代词引导，Eg Tom said,”My father get home from the park at six o’clock.---->Tomthat his father got home from the park at six o’clock. ”2语从句相同）的语序，同时引导词视情况而定。
（1）直接引语是一般疑问句时，用whether/if 引导，同时注意原句的谓语动词是say时，改成ask。
因为一般疑问句没有明确的肯定或否定结果所以用ask询问。
“Have you seen her somewhere?”her somewhere.（2）直接引语为特殊疑问句变间接引语时，疑问词不变，用疑问词+陈述句结构。
“what are you doing?”,she shouted at me.---->She asked me what I was（3）直接引语是选择问句时，变成间接引语，可用ask或wonder出一个明确的结果，需要询问，所以用whether…or引导。
My father said,”Dolike apples or bananas?”apples or bananas.3、直接引语是祈使句转换成间接引语，要该写成一个to do的形式，即say to sb----eg （命令）tell sb to do sth tell sb not to do sth(请求not to do stheg “Don’t move,Tom”, my mother said .---.>My mother told me not to“Happy new year to you”,Mr Zhang said to me--->Mr Zhang wished me to be4、直接引语如果是以“Let‘s”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，+动名词（或从句）。
宾语从句------语序和连接代词一．考点回顾1.从句种类宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的短语，或形容词的宾语，根据宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可以分为三类。
a.由that 引导的宾语从句。
That只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。
Eg. He said (that)he wanted to stay at home.She doesn’t know (that) she is seriously ill.I am sure (that)he will succeed.b.由连接代词who, whom, whose, which ,what ; 连接副词when , where, why,how 引导的宾语从句。
这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个充分。
Eg. Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for ?He asked whose handwriting was the best.Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is?c.由if 或whether（是否）引导的宾语从句【不能选that选项】I want to know if /whether he lives here.He asked me whether/if I could help him.注意whether/if区别：whether….. or not // to do2.语序---- 宾语从句用陈述语序[主语+谓语+宾语从句（连接词+陈述句）]Eg. I think that you will like this school soon.3.宾语从句时态1.如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句时态取决于从句（从句是一般过去时，宾语从句应用一般过去时，以此类推）Eg. Do you know how much she paid for the new mobile phone last week?2.如果主句时态是一般过去式，宾语从句只能用相应的过去式（一般过去式，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）Eg. Sue told me that she would go shopping with her sister the next day3.如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态用一般现在时Eg. Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year.4.主句中的could / would 不表示过去时态，而表示语气委婉Eg. Could you tell me when the train will leave?宾语从句-----直接引语转换成间接引语1.直接引语转化成间接引语1）引语是陈述句：主语+said, “陈述句”主语+said +(that) +陈述句He said , “I‘m very glad.”He said (that) he was very glad.2) 引语是一般疑问句：主语+asked, “一般疑问句”主语+asked +whether/if +陈述句He asked , “Are you very busy these days?” (直接)He asked me whether/if I was busy these days . （间接）3) 引语是特殊疑问句：主语+asked, “特殊疑问句”主语+asked +疑问词+陈述句He said , “when do you want to leave?” (direct)He asked me when i want to leave (indirect)4) 引语是祈使句：主语+ask/tell/order sb (not) to do sth .He said , “Open the door ,John !” (直接)He asked John to open the open .2.主句的转述动词为过去式时，将直接引语转换为间接引语时的时态变化一般现在时一般过去时；一般过去时过去完成时一般将来时过去将来时；现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时；情态动词现在式情态动词过去式注意：直接引语中陈述的是真理，间接引语中仍用一般现在时3.转换过程中时间状语、地点状语、指示代词、某些动词变化直接引语间接引语now thenEg. He said , “ I am a driver now .” (direct)He told me that he was a driver then (indirect)today that daytonight that nightyesterday the day beforetomorrow the next daylast week the week beforenext week the next weekin two days two days laterago beforehere therethis thatthese thosecome gobring take二．历年真题1. “Is it the first boys-only school in the city?” asked a parent. (宾语从句) (2012 年)A parent asked _______ it _____ the first boys-only school in the city .2.“ Who is responsible for the food safety problem?” asked the reporter. (宾语从句) (2013 年)The reporter asked ____ ____ responsible for the food safety problem.3.John asked , can you look after my pet dog while I’m away? (宾语从句) (2014年)John asked______ I ______ look after his pet dog while he was away.4.“Why does Jim send flowers to MS Grey every September ?” he wondered. (宾语从句) 2015He wondered why ______ _______ flowers to MS Grey every September.5. ------David, could you tell me _________? （2014 南京）----- Every four years.A. when the 2014 World Cup will finishB. how often the World Cup takes placeC. how many teams take part in the World CupD. who may score the most goals in the World Cup6.—Peter，is there anything else you want to know about China? （2012南京）—Yes，I am still wondering __________ .A. how is Chinese paper cut madeB. how was the Great Wall built in ancient timesC. why the Chinese people like to play the dragon danceD. why do the Chinese people eat rice dumplings at Dragon Boat Festival7.Most children are interested in amazing things, and they wonder ______A．when can they see UFOs B how can elephants walk on tiptoeC．why do fish sleep with their eyes open D．why there is no plant life without lightning8. —Summer holiday is coming. What’s your plan, Jim?—I haven’t decided _________A. that I stay at home and read some booksB. whether I can take a course to lose weightC. where will I travel abroad with my parentsD. when will I volunteer at the home for the elderly9．The teacher asked me ____A. if the earth moves round the sunB. that Taiwan is part of ChinaC. when did World War II break out and endD. what can we use to identify soft water and hard water10. The school year will be over soon. Could you let me know _______this summer holiday?A. where are you going to spendB. how you are going to spendC. where you were going to spendD. how were you going to spend。
直接引语和间接引语Direct Speech and Indirect Speech直接引述别人的原话，叫直接引语。
用自己的话转述别人的话，叫间接引语。
间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。
直接引语一般前后要加引号；间接引语不用引号。
例如：直接引语：Mr. Black said, “I’m busy.”间接引语：Mr. Black said that he was busy.1．陈述句直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that引导（that在口语中常省略），从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应的变化。
（1）人称的变化• He said, “I like it very much.”→ He said that he liked it very much.• He said, “I’ve left my book in your room.”→ He told me that he had left his book in my room.（2）时态的变化如主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变间接引语时，从句的谓语动词在时态方面要作以下的变化：• He said, “I saw the film yesterday.”→ He said that he had seen the film the day• She said, “I have seen the film. It is good. ”→ She said that she had seen the film.直接引语如果是客观真理，变为间接引语时，时态不变。
例如：• He said, “Light travels much faster than sound.”→ He said that light travels much faster than sound.（3）指示代词、时间状语和地点状语的变化• She said, “I will come this evening.”→ She said that she would go that evening.• He said, “My sister was here three days ago, but she is not here now.”→ He said that his sister had been there three days before but she was not here then.现将这几种变化列表如下：以上这些变化，要根据说话的实际情况来定。
直接引语和间接引语知识点详解（初中英语专项复习）直接引语和间接引语：在陈述句中,直接引用说话人原来的语句,称为直接引语。
在书写时,直接引语用引号。
用自己的词语来转述表达原来说话人说的内容,称为间接引语。
直接引语改变为间接引语：应注意以下各点A.连接词直接引语如果是陈述句, 用连接词that,但有时可省略直接引语如果是一般疑问句, 、选择疑问句或反意疑问句,变为间接引语时,需用从属连接词whether或if引导, 语序要用陈述语序,词序要改变。
如：Lin Tao said to Miss Green, "Is it made in China?”→Lin Tao asked Miss Green if it was made in China.直接引语如果是特殊疑问句,变为间接引语时, 仍用原来的疑问词引导，,词序是：连词+主语+谓语。
如：Lucy said to me, “How can I help?” →Lucy asked me how she could help. d.直接引语如是祈使句,变间接引语时,须将祈使句变为动词不定式,并在动词不定式前用tell, ask, order.advise,request等He said to the little boy,“ Come here, young man! ”→He asked the little boy to go there. 如：He says,“Close the door.”→He asked you to close the door.“Don’t go out,”she says to me.→She told me not to go out.B.时态a.主句里的动词如果是过去时,间接引语中的时态一般应作相应改变：一般现在时变一般过去时；一般将来时变过去将来时；现在进行时变过去进行时；现在完成时变成过去完成时；一般过去时变成过去完成时；但一般过去时如与一个具体的过去时间连用,则时态不变（1）一般现在时变为一般过去时。
中考英语宾语从句知识点汇总一、直接引语变间接引语1.人称的变化：一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新。
1).“一随主”指若直接引语中的主语为第一人称时, 变间接引语时应与主句的主语人称一致.She said“ I like playing basketball” .She said that _____ _____ playing basketball .2).“二随宾”指若直接宾语中的主语为第二人称时, 变间接宾语时应与主句的宾语人称一致.She asked Tom“ Can I have a look at your picture” .She asked Tom if ______ could have a look at ______ picture .3).“第三人称不更新”指若直接宾语中的主语为第三人称时, 变间接宾语时人称保持不变. She said to me“ They want to help me” .She told me that _____ _____ to help me .2.指示代词，时间、地点状语的变化直接引语间接引语指示代词this that that those时间状语now then today that daythis morning that morningthree days ago three days beforeLast week the week beforetomorrow the next /following daynext year the next year地点状语here there动词come go二.宾语从句的考查从句在句中作及物的，或介的，或形容的。
根据引从句的不同，从句可分三。
1.考从句的序：从句的序用述句序。
即“主 ++⋯⋯Do you know when __________the next train leave next train leavesthe next train leave next train will leave注：若从句疑句，但序不的有：1).who 在从句中作主。
宾语从句中考考点点击宾语从句在初中英语语法中有着相当重要的地位，几乎每年的中考都有对宾语从句不同角度的考查。
笔者认真研读了近年来有关宾语从句的中考题，发现其考查的重点一般都集中在以下几个方面：一、连接词宾语从句的连接词分为三类：1.引导陈述句用that（在口语或非正式文体中常常省略）。
2.引导一般疑问句用if或whether。
注意：下列几种情况通常使用whether：（1）在具有选择意义又有or或or not时，尤其是直接与or not连用时，往往用whether；（2）在介词之后用whether；（3）在不定式前用whether等。
3.引导特殊疑问句，只需用原来的特殊疑问词。
中考题例：We'd like to know ___________ or not.（2004年山东潍坊）A.whether will the sports meeting comeB.if will the sports meeting comeC.whether the sports meeting will comeD.if the sports meeting will come答案与解析：答案为C项。
题干中出现了or not，所以连接宾语从句的引导词要用whether，故选C项。
二、语序在含宾语从句的复合句中，不管主句是陈述句还是疑问句，从句一律是用“连接词＋陈述句语序”，其标点符号由主句来决定。
中考题例：- Excuse me，could you tell me ___________？- Certainly.It's over there along the street on the left.（2005年吉林）A.where the People's Park isB.where is the People's ParkC.the People's Park is whereD.the People's Park where is答案与解析：答案为A项。
