常用地质学英语词汇

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GEOLOGY地质2.1 LITHOLOGYCASSIFICATIONAND DESCRIPTIONORDER岩性分类与描述顺序2.1.1 Rock Types 岩石类型Sedi Sedimentry 沉积岩clasclastic碎屑岩sssandstone砂岩mdst mudstone泥岩sh shale 页岩clyst, clst claystone粘土岩sd sand 砂mSsd medium sandstone 中砂岩fsst fine sandstone细砂岩bldr boulder 卵石pbl pebble卵石grlgravel 砾石cglconglomerate砾岩gywkgraywacke 硬砂岩cbl cobble大鹅卵石ark arkose 长石砂岩grnl granule 粒砂brec breccic 角砾岩biocbioclastic 生物碎屑岩vcrs sst very coarse sandstone极粗砂岩argl argillite泥板岩gyp gypsum 石膏anhy anhydrite 硬石膏slt salt盐岩flint—lingite隧石carbonate 碳酸盐岩ls limestone 灰岩,石灰岩dolodolomite 白云石dolst dolostone 白云岩mrlsmarlstone泥灰石coq coquina贝壳灰岩biosp biosparte生物亮晶灰岩biomi biomicrite生物微晶灰岩clcar calcarenite 灰屑岩,钙屑灰岩clcltcalcilutite 泥屑石灰岩micrmicrite微晶灰岩clcrdcalcirudite 砾屑石灰岩clslt calcisilitit e 粉砂屑石灰岩grst grainstone 粒状灰岩ooliticlimestone 鲕状灰岩Igneous Rock 火成岩intrusive igneous侵入岩extrusive igneous 喷出岩volccolcanic火山岩grtgranite 花岗岩dr diorite 闪长岩grdrgrano diorite 花岗闪长岩qudr quartz diorite 石英闪长岩drpo diorite porphyrite闪长玢岩syenite 正长岩gab, g b gabbro辉长岩qu po quartz porphyrite 石英玢岩an andesite 安山岩bas basalt玄武岩arag aragonite 纹石,霞石Meta Metsmorphic rock变质岩phyl phyllite 千枚岩slslate板岩schschist 片岩mbl marble大理岩gne gneiss 片麻岩qtztquartzite 石英岩novacnovaculite 致密石英岩2.1.2 COLColor,Colour颜色blkblack 黑色brn brown棕色yel yellow 黄色gy, grygrey 灰色or orange 橙色,桔色blblue 蓝色gn, grngreen绿色wi, wht white 白色pnkpink粉红色pl purple紫色lav lavender浅紫色,淡紫色bfbuff 浅黄色tn tan 棕黄色choc chocolate 褐色ochochve 褐色,黄褐色olv olive橄榄色crmcream 奶油色mottmotted 杂色,斑点voclvaricoloree杂色得amb amber 琥珀色lt light淡得dk, drk dark 暗得cc color code 颜色代码2.1.3 Hardness 硬度VHD very har d 非常硬MHD middle hard 中硬H hard 硬SFTsoft 软VSFTvery soft 非常软2.1.4 Roundness 磨圆sharp angular尖棱状angle angular 棱角状subangle subangular 次棱角状subrnd subround 次圆状rnd round 圆状wellround磨圆好2.1.5 Grain Size Terminology颗粒大小术语(see app. Table) (见附表)2.1.6 Sorting分选go good好f fair一般md medium中等pr poor 差c coarsely 粗造2.1.7 Cementation胶结,胶结物cp compact 胶结致密dns dense 胶结密实wellwell 胶结好lse loose胶结疏松sdyare sandy arenaceous 砂质sdy sandy砂质mdy are mudyargillaceous 泥质ethyearthy泥质cly clay粘土质cal, calc calcarous 钙质si siliceous 硅质lim limy 灰质kao kaolin 高岭土质carb carbonaceous 碳质得qtzc quartzitic 石英质quartzizose 石英质得nacnacreous 珍珠质2.1.8 Accessoriesof Rock岩石得次要成分min mineral 矿物accessary mineral次生矿物qz, qtzquartz 石英mic,mica micaceous云母musc muscovite 白云母biot biotite 黑云母srct sericite绢云母fldfeldspar 长石orth orthpclase 正长石plag plagioclase斜长石gabgabbro 辉长石pypyrite 黄铁矿lmt limonite 褐铁矿mag magnetite 磁铁矿calc calcite方解石dol dolomite 白云石gyp gypsum石膏anhy anhydite 无水石膏sa salt盐asph asphalt 沥青bit bitumen沥青gilgilsomite天然沥青flnt flint 黑燧石,电石cht chert 黑硅石chk chalk 白垩fos fossils 化石micfo microfossil 微化石macfo macrofossil 大化石pl fos plant fossil 植物化石vrtbvertebrate 脊椎动物ancient life 古生物fau fauna动物群floflora植物群spo, spr spore 孢子,孢粉tritrilobite 三叶虫corcoral 珊瑚shlshell贝壳amm ammonite 菊石algalgae藻类diat diatoms硅藻char charophyte轮藻类grap graptolit e 笔石类ost ostracod介形虫(节肢动物)para paraparchites 介形虫cono conodont牙形虫crincrinoid海百合TentTentaculities竹节石属moll mollusc 软体动物EchEchinoid 海胆类(棘皮动物)Bry Bryozoa苔藓动物门Ceph Cephalipod 头足纲(软体类)BelmBelmnifera箭石属(头足类)Brach Brachinopoda 腕足类(动物门)Cyp Cypridopsis 斗星介属(介形类)foram foraminifera 有孔虫类Endo Endothgra 内卷虫属(有孔虫类)Glob Globigerina 抱球虫属(有孔虫类)Gast Gasttropod 腹足纲(软体动物)Fus Fusulinicl纺锤蜓2.1.9 DepositionalDistinguishing Feature 沉积识别特征sedimentarystructur e 沉积构造bddbeded层状得bndd banded层状得ban d ban d 夹层xlam crosslaminated 交错层理xbddcrossbeded 交错层intbdd interbeded互层得,夹层得crnk crinkled 褶皱contcontact接触,界面unconf unconformity不整合conf conformity 整合crevcreviv e 裂隙conc concretion结核,含有物nod nodules结核、团块vesvesicular 多孔状lumpy lumpy块状conch conchoidal 贝壳状gran granular 颗粒状slky silky 丝状gl glassy 玻璃状fib fibrous 纤维状glblr globular 球状xl crystal 结晶xln crystalline 结晶体2.1.10 Others其它porosity 孔隙度gd goo d 15%好fair 10~15%中等poor5~10% 较差traceless 5% 微小fissibity 解理,可劈性clvg clesvage 解理,劈理crystal or grain size 晶体形状与颗粒大小texture结构lstrlustre光泽silky丝绢光泽swelling properties膨胀度,膨胀性solubiling 吸水性accessory mineral次生矿2.1.11 Examinationfor HydrocarbonShows 油气显示鉴定hydrocarbon indication油气显示oil show description 油气显示描述fluorescence observation 荧光观察dirfluo direct fluorescence 湿照samplefluorescence干照cutfluo cutting fluorescence 滴照solvent fluorescence 浸泡照射nofluo no fluorescence无荧光显示micro trace显示相当微弱trace微弱present 有,中等important 强very important很强bribright明亮2.2THE EXAMPLES OFLITHOLOGYDESCRIP TION岩性描述范例2.2、1Noncarbonate , clastic 非碳酸盐岩,碎屑岩Ifthe representative samples from the siever havebeen selectedand thepercentage of thevarious constituentsha ve been estimated, thenthelogical order of thesample descri ptionis:如果从筛子中已选出具有代表性得岩样,而且该岩样得各组份含量已估计出,那么该岩样得描述顺序则为:1, ROCKTYPE 岩性,岩石类别2, COLOR 颜色3, HARDNESS 硬度(硬化作用)Thecommon adjectivesdescribinginduratio nare:硬化作用一般得形容描述内容就是:densehard medium-hard soft spongy密集得,硬得,中等坚硬,软得,多孔得friablepact brittle slatey松散得致密得脆得板状得4,GRAIN SIZE颗粒大小seeto figure2,1。