2015年华侨大学外国语学院762英语综合考研真题【圣才出品】

华侨大学2015年硕士研究生入学考试专业课试卷（答案必须写在答题纸上）招生专业中国语言文学、语言学及应用语言学、华语与华文教育科目名称语言学概论科目代码719一、解释名词概念（25分，每题5分）1. 语法范畴2.民族共同语3.非音质音位4. 双语现象5. 索绪尔二、语言应用与实践（24分，每题6分）1.写出国际音标：“欲穷千里目，更上一层楼。

”2.按语法的基本结构类型归并下列词语朋友、日食、前进、手紧、破格、出入、嘴硬、热爱、立夏、支出、失望、宿舍、血汗、充实、保全3．用义素分析法分析下列词义异同椅子、凳子、沙发4. 用变换分析法辨析下列句子句法意义上有何不同。

他送了一件毛衣给我。

他偷了一件毛衣给我。

他织了一件毛衣给我。

三、分析题（用所学的语言学知识解释下列语言现象）（21分，每题7分）1.“玫瑰你不管他叫玫瑰，它照样芳香。

”2. 英语“Cool”和“School”中，“c”的发音虽然不同，但被看作是同一个音。

3. “中秋过后，下了一场秋雨，天气愈发冷起来，一早来上班的人都穿上了长衣长裤，有的还加上了羊毛衫。

这时王胖儿一阵风似地闯了进来，只见他穿了一件跨栏背心，一条宽松的薄薄的大花短裤。

老张不禁笑着说道：‘哎，我说王胖儿，今儿你穿得可真暖和呀！’”四、简述题（40分，每题10分）1. 语言符号任意性的表现？2. 汉语语法结构类型的特点？3. 语言演变的特点？4. 语言的主要功能？五、论述评点题（40分，每题20分）1.谈谈语言（词义）概括性的特点。

2.评点问题母语与外语：可否相得益彰？近期，一些地方的英语考试政策调整，引发人们对“外语教育向何处去”问题的思考与议论。

在全球经济日趋一体化的今天，包括英语在内的外语学习越来越被重视，这是我国中高端人才培养与国际接轨的大势所趋。

近年来，作为母语的语文教育颇受冷落，恐怕不能说是很正常的现象。

共2页第2 页。

2015年暨南大学808外国语言文学综合考试考研真题及详解Ⅰ. Multiple choices. There are 20 questions in this part. Choose the best answer to each question. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. Both literature candidates and linguistics candidates must do this part. (20%)1. The Romans led by Julius Caesar launched first invasion on Britain in _____.A. 200B.C.B. 55 A.D.C. 55 B.CD. 200 A.D.【答案】C【解析】公元前55年和54年，罗马将军尤利乌斯凯撒（Julius Caesar）作为两次入侵了不列颠，但均未成功，罗马人对不列颠的统治因之推迟了一个世纪。

2. Between 1337 and 1453 the _____ took place in Britain.A. Black DeathB. Hundred Y ears’ WarC. Wars of RosesD. Peasants Uprising【答案】B【解析】百年战争（Hundred Years’War）是指英国和法国，以及后来加入的勃艮第，于1337年—1453年间的战争，是世界最长的战争，断断续续进行了长达116年。

3. In the United Kingdom, the party which wins the _____ number of seats in the House of Commons becomes the official Opposition.A. largestB. second largestC. third largestD. fourth largest【答案】B【解析】在英国，获得下议院第二多席位的政党成为“反对党”。

2015年江西师范大学外国语学院716综合英语考研真题及详解Ⅰ. Vocabulary: (20×1 points)There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked a, b, c and d. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.1. After dusk, the Black slaves ______ home from the cotton plantation.a. totteredb. strolledc. ploddedd. hobbled【答案】c【解析】句意：太阳下山后，黑人奴隶拖着沉重的步伐从棉花种植园回家。

plod沉重缓慢地走。

totter蹒跚，摇摇晃晃地走。

stroll漫步，闲逛。

hobble蹒跚；跛行。

因此，本题的正确答案为c。

2. They ______ forty miles in search of work.a. walkedb. ploddedc. strolledd. tottered【答案】a【解析】句意：他们为了找工作步行了40英里。

walk步行，行走。

plod沉重缓慢地走。

stroll漫步，闲逛。

totter蹒跚，摇摇晃晃地走。

因此，本题的正确答案为a。

3. The city was ______ to rubbles.a. diminishedb. reducedc. dwindledd. minimized【答案】b【解析】句意：这座城市沦为了废墟。

reduce减少，缩小。

reduce to可以表示“沦为；使处于”。

diminish减少，缩小。

目　录2008年华侨大学853翻译与写作考研真题2009年华侨大学855翻译与写作考研真题2010年华侨大学858翻译与写作考研真题2011年华侨大学858翻译与写作考研真题2012年华侨大学862翻译与写作考研真题2013年华侨大学862翻译与写作考研真题2014年华侨大学862翻译与写作考研真题2015年华侨大学862翻译与写作考研真题2017年华侨大学820翻译与写作考研真题2018年华侨大学812翻译与写作考研真题2008年华侨大学853翻译与写作考研真题Part Ⅰ Translate the following passage into Chinese : 40 pointsAmong the many ways in which people communicate through speech, public speaking has probably received more study and attracted more attention than any others. Politicians campaigning for public office, salespeople presenting products, and preachers delivering sermons all depend upon this form of public communication. Even people who do not make speaking a part of their daily work are often asked to make public speeches; students at graduation, for instance, or members of churches, clubs, or other organizations. Nearly everyone speaks in public at some time or other, and those who perform the task well often become leaders.There are many reasons for speaking in public. A public speaker may hope to teach an audience about new ideas, for example, or provide information about some topic. Creating a good feeling or entertaining an audience may be another purpose. Public speakers, however, most often seek to persuade an audience to adopt new opinions, to take certain actions, or to see the world in a new way.Public speakers usually know well in advance when they are scheduled to make an address. Consequently, they are able to prepare their message before they deliver it. Sometimes, though, speakers must deliver the message unprepared, or off the cuff, such as when they are asked to offer a toast at a wedding reception or to participate in a televised debate or interview.When they do not have to speak unprepared, most speakers write their own speeches. Politicians and business executives sometimes employ professional writers who prepare their speeches for them. These professional writers may work alone or in small teams. Although the speaker may have some input into the contents of the speech, the writers sometimes have a great influence over the opinions expressed by their employers. Regardless of how a speech is prepared, the person who delivers it is given credit for its effect upon its hearers.Part Ⅱ Translate the following passage into English: 35 points照例每年夏天有一批中国留学生学成回国。

2015年研究生入学考试英语二真题答案解析Section ⅠUse of EnglishDirections：Read the following text。

Choose the best word（s）for each numbered blank and markA,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.（10 points）In our contemporary culture, the prospect of communicating with -- or even looking at -- a stranger is virtually unbearable. Everyone around us seems to agree by the way they fiddle with their phones, even without a 1 underground.It's a sad reality -- our desire to avoid interacting with other human beings -- because there's 2 to be gained from talking to the stranger standing by you. But you wouldn't know it, 3 into your phone. This universal armor sends the 4 : "Please don't approach me."What is it that makes us feel we need to hide 5 our screens?One answer is fear, according to Jon Wortmann, executive mental coach. We fear rejection, or that our innocent social advances will be 6 as "creepy,". We fear we'll be 7 . We fear we'll be disruptive. Strangers are inherently 8 to us, so we are more likely to feel 9 when communicating with them compared with our friends and acquaintances. To avoid this anxiety, we 10 to our phones. "Phones become our security blanket," Wortmann says. "They are our happy glasses that protect us from what we perceive is going to be more 11 ."But once we rip off the bandaid, tuck our smartphones in our pockets and look up, it doesn't 12 so bad. In one 2011 experiment, behavioral scientists Nicholas Epley and Juliana Schroeder asked commuters to do the unthinkable: Start a13. The duo had Chicago train commuters talk to their fellow 14. "When Dr. Epley and Ms. Schroeder asked other people in the same train station to 15 how they would feel after talking to a stranger, the commuters thought their 16 would be more pleasant if they sat on their own," the New York Times summarizes. Though the participants didn't expect a positive experience, after they 17 with the experiment, "not a single person reported having been snubbed."18, these commutes were reportedly more enjoyable compared with those sans communication, which makes absolute sense, 19 human beings thrive off of social真题解析：1. C [A] ticket 票[B] permit 允许，许可[C] signal信号，标志[D] record记录，记载解析：名词辨析。

精选全文完整版2015年考研英语二真题及答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) In our contemporary culture, the prospect of communicating with -- or even looking at — a stranger is virtually unbearable. Everyone around us seems to agree by the way they fiddle with their phones, even without a 1 underground.It's a sad reality — our desire to avoid interacting with other human beings —because there's 2 to be gained from talking to the stranger standing by you. But you wouldn't know it, 3 into your phone. This universal armor sends the 4 : "Please don't approach me."What is it that makes us feel we need to hide 5 our screens?One answer is fear, according to Jon Wortmann, executive mental coach. We fear rejection, or that our innocent social advances will be 6 as "creepy,” We fear we'll be 7 . We fear we'll be disruptive. Strangers are inherently 8 to us, so we are more likely to feel 9 when communicating with them compared with our friends and acquaintances. To avoid this anxiety, we 10 to our phones. "Phones become our security blanket," Wortmann says. "They are our happy glasses that protect us from what we perceive is going to be more 11 .”But once we rip off the Band-Aid, tuck our smartphones in our pockets and look up, it doesn't 12 so bad. In one 2011 experiment, behavioral scientists Nicholas Epley and Juliana Schroeder asked commuters to do the unthinkable: Start a 13 . They had Chicago train commuters talk to their fellow 14 . "When Dr. Epley and Ms. Schroeder asked other people in the same train station to 15 how they would feel after talking to a stranger, the commuters thought their 16 would be more pleasant if they sat on their own," the New York Times summarizes. Though the participants didn't expect a positive experience, after they 17 with the experiment, "not a single person reported having been snubbed."18 , these commutes were reportedly more enjoyable compared with those sans communication, which makes absolute sense, 19 human beings thrive off of social connections. It's that 20 : Talking to strangers can make you feel connected.1. [A] ticket [B] permit [C] signal [D] record2. [A] nothing [B] link [C] another [D] much3. [A] beaten [B] guided [C] plugged [D] brought4. [A] message [B] cede [C] notice [D] sign5. [A] under [B] beyond [C] behind [D] from6. [A] misinterpret [B] misapplied [C] misadjusted [D] mismatched7. [A] fired [B] judged [C] replaced [D] delayed8. [A] unreasonable [B] ungrateful [C] unconventional [D] unfamiliar9. [A] comfortable [B] anxious [C] confident [D] angry10. [A] attend [B] point [C] take [D] turn11. [A] dangerous [B] mysterious [C] violent [D] boring12. [A] hurt [B] resist [C] bend [D] decay13. [A] lecture [B] conversation [C] debate [D] negotiation14. [A] trainees [B] employees [C] researchers [D] passengers15. [A] reveal [B] choose [C] predict [D] design16. [A] voyage [B] flight [C] walk [D] ride17. [A] went through [B] did away [C] caught up [D] put up18. [A] In turn [B] In particular [C] In fact [D] In consequence19. [A] unless [B] since [C] if [D] whereas20. [A] funny [B] simple [C] logical [D] rareSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40points)Text 1A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys, people are actually more stressed at home than at work. Researchers measured people’s cortisol, which is a stress marker, while they were at work and while they were at home and found it higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge.“Further contradicting conventional wisdom, we found that women as well as men have lower leve ls of stress at work than at home, ”writes one of the researchers, Sarah Damske. In fact women even say they feel better at work, she notes.“ It is men, not women, who report being happier at home than at work. ”Another surprise is that findings hold true for both those with children and without, but more so for nonparents. This is why people who work outside the home have better health.What the study doesn’t measure is whether people are still doing work when they’re at home, whether it is household work or work brought home from the office. For many men, the end of the workday is a time to kick back. For women who stay home, they never get to leave the office. And for women who work outside the home, they often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks. With the blurring of roles, and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace a making adjustments for working women, it’s not surprising that women are more stressed at home.But it’s not just a gender thing. At work, people pretty much know what they’re supposed to be doing: working, marking money, doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income. The bargain is very pure: Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola.On the home front, however, people have no such clarity. Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out. There are a lot of tasks to be done, there are inadequate rewards for most of them. Your home colleagues-your family-have no clear rewards for their labor; they need to be talked into it, or if they’re teenagers, threatened with complete removal of all electronic devices. Plus, they’re your family. You cannot fire your family. You never really get to go home from home.So it’s not surprising that people are more stressed at home. Not only are the tasks apparently infinite, the co-workers are much harder to motivate.21.According to Paragraph 1, most previous surveys found that home_____[A] offered greater relaxation than the workplace[B] was an ideal place for stress measurement[C] generated more stress than the workplace[D] was an unrealistic place for relaxation22. According to Damaske, who are likely to be the happiest at home?[A] Childless wives[B] Working mothers[C] Childless husbands[D] Working fathers23.The blurring of working women's roles refers to the fact that_____[A] it is difficult for them to leave their office[B] their home is also a place for kicking back[C] there is often much housework left behind[D] they are both bread winners and housewives24.The word“moola”(Line4,Para4)most probably means_____[A] skills[B] energy[C] earnings[D] nutrition25.The home front differs from the workplace in that_____[A] division of labor at home is seldom clear-cut[B] home is hardly a cozier working environment[C] household tasks are generally more motivating[D] family labor is often adequately rewardedText 2For years, studies have found that first-generation college students- those who do not have a parent with a college degree- lag other students on a range of education achievement factors. Their grades are lower and their dropout rates are higher. But since such students are most likely to advance economically if they succeed in higher education, colleges and universities have pushed for decades to recruit more of them. This has created “a paradox” in that recruiting first- generation students, but then watching many o f them fail, means that higher education has “continued to reproduce and widen, rather than close” ab achievement gap based on social class, according to the depressing beginning of a paper forthcoming in the journal Psychological Science.But the article is actually quite optimistic, as it outlines a potential solution to this problem, suggesting that an approach (which involves a one-hour, next-to-no-cost program) can close 63 percent of the achievement gap (measured by such factors as grades) between first-generation and other students.The authors of the paper are from different universities, and their findings are based on a study involving 147 students ( who completed the project) at an unnamed private university. First generation was defined as not having a parent with a four-year college degree. Most of the first-generation students(59.1 percent) were recipients of Pell Grants, a federal grant for undergraduates with financial need, while this was true only for 8.6 percent of the students wit at least one parent with a four-year degree.Their thesis- that a relatively modest intervention could have a big impact- was based on the view that first-generation students may be most lacking not in potential but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that face most college students. They cite past research by several authors to show that this is the gap that must be narrowed to close the achievement gap.Many first- generation students “struggle to navigate the middle-class culture of higher e ducation, learn the ‘rules of the game,’ and take advantage of college resources,” they write. And this becomes more of a problem when collages don’t talk about the class advantage and disadvantages of different groups of students. Because US colleges and universities seldom acknowledge how social class can affect students ’educational experience, many first-generation students lack sight about why they are struggling and do not understand how students’ like them can improve.26. Recruiting more first- generation students has_______[A] reduced their dropout rates[B] narrowed the achievement gap[C] missed its original purpose[D] depressed college students27. The author of the research article are optimistic because_______[A] the problem is solvable[B] their approach is costless[C] the recruiting rate has increased[D] their finding appeal to students28. The study suggests that most first- generation students______[A] study at private universities[B] are from single-parent families[C] are in need of financial support[D] have failed their collage29. The author of the paper believe that first-generation students_______[A] are actually indifferent to the achievement gap[B] can have a potential influence on other students[C] may lack opportunities to apply for research projects[D] are inexperienced in handling their issues at college30. We may infer from the last paragraph that_______[A] universities often reject the culture of the middle-class[B] students are usually to blame for their lack of resources[C] social class greatly helps enrich educational experiences[D]colleges are partly responsible for the problem in questionText 3Even in traditional offices, “the lingu a franca of corporate America has gotten much more emotional and much more right-brained than it was 20 years ago,” said Harvard Business School professor Nancy Koehn. She started spinning off examples. “If you and I parachuted back to Fortune 500 companie s in 1990, we would see much less frequent use of terms like journey, mission, passion. There were goals, there were strategies, there were objectives, but we didn’t talk about energy; we didn’t talk about passion.”Koehn pointed out that this new era of corporate vocabulary is very “team”-oriented—and not by coincidence.“Let’s not forget sports—in male-dominated corporate America, it’s still a big deal. It’s not explicitly conscious; it’s the idea that I’m a coach, and you’re my team, and we’re in this tog ether. There are lots and lots of CEOs in very different companies, but most think of themselves as coaches and this is their team and they want to win.”These terms are also intended to infuse work with meaning—and, as Khurana points out, increase allegia nce to the firm. “You have the importation of terminology that historically used to be associated with non-profit organizations and religious organizations: Terms like vision, values, passion, and purpose,” said Khurana.This new focus on personal fulfillment can help keep employees motivated amid increasingly loud debates over work-life balance. The “mommy wars” of the 1990s are still going on today, prompting arguments about why women still can’t have it all and books like Sheryl Sandberg’s Lean In, whose title has become a buzzword in its own right. Terms like unplug, offline, life-hack, bandwidth, and capacity are all about setting boundaries between the office and the home. But if your work is your “passion,” you’ll be more likely to devote yourself to it, even if that means going home for dinner and then working long after the kids are in bed.But this seems to be the irony of office speak: Everyone makes fun of it, but managers love it, companies depend on it, and regular people willingly absorb it. As Nunberg said, “You can get people to think it’s nonsense at the same time that you buy into it.” In a workplace that’s fundamentally indifferent to your life and its meaning, office speak can help you figure out how you relate to your work—and how your work defines who you are.31. According to Nancy Koehn, office language has become_____[A] more emotional[B] more objective[C] less energetic[D] less strategic32. “Team”-oriented corporate vocabulary is closely related to_______[A] historical incidents[B] gender difference[C] sports culture[D] athletic executives33. Khurana believes that the importation of terminology aims to______[A] revive historical terms[B] promote company image[C] foster corporate cooperation[D] strengthen employee loyalty34. It can be inferred that Lean In________[A] voices for working women[B] appeals to passionate workaholics[C] triggers debates among mommies[D] praises motivated employees35. Which of the following statements is true about office speak?[A] Managers admire it but avoid it[B] Linguists believe it to be nonsense[C] Companies find it to be fundamental[D] Regular people mock it but accept itText 4Many people talked of the 288,000 new jobs the Labor Department reported for June, along with the drop in the unemployment rate to 6.1 percent, as good news. And they were right. For now it appears the economy is creating jobs at a decent pace. We still have a long way to go to get back to full employment, but at least we are now finally moving forward at a faster pace.However, there is another important part of the jobs picture that was largely overlooked. There was a big jump in the number of people who repot voluntarily working part-time. This figure is now 830,000(4.4 percent) above its year ago level.Before explaining the connection to the Obamacare, it is worth making an important distinction. Many people who work part-time jobs actually want full-time jobs. They take part-time work because this is all they can get. An increase in involuntary part-time work is evidence of weakness in the labor market and it means that many people will be having a very hard time making ends meet.There was an increase in involuntary part-time in June, but the general direction has been down. Involuntary part-time employment is still far higher than before the recession,but it is down by 640,000(7.9percent)from is year ago level.We know the difference between voluntary and involuntary part-time employment because people tell us. The survey used by the Labor Department asks people is they worked less than 35 hours in the reference week. If the answer is“yes”, they are classified as worked less than 35hours in that week because they wanted to work less than full time or because they had no choice .They are only classified as voluntary part-time workers if they tell the survey taker they chose to work less than 35 hours a week.The issue of voluntary part-time relates to Obamacare because one of the main purposes was to allow people to get insurance outside of employment. For manypeople ,especially those with serious health conditions or family members with serious health conditions ,before Obamacare the only way to get insurance was through a job that provided health insurance.However, Obamacare has allowed more than 12 million people to either get insurance through Medicaid or the exchanges. These are people who may previously have felt the need to get a full-time job that provided insurance in order to cover themselves and their families. With Obamacare there is no longer a link between employment and insurance.36. Which part of the jobs picture are neglected?[A] The prospect of a thriving job market.[B] The increase of voluntary part-time market.[C] The possibility of full employment.[D] The acceleration of job creation.37. Many people work part-time because they_____.[A] prefer part-time jobs to full-time jobs.[B] feel that is enough to make ends meet.[C] cannot get their hands on full-time jobs.[D] haven’t seen the weakness of the market.38. Involuntary part-time employment is the US_____.[A] is harder to acquire than one year ago.[B] shows a general tendency of decline.[C] satisfies the real need of the jobless.[D] is lower than before the recession.39. It can be learned that with Obamacare,_____.[A] it is no longer easy for part-timers to get insurance[B] employment is no longer a precondition to get insurance[C] it is still challenging to get insurance for family members[D] full-time employment is still essential for insurance40. The text mainly discusses_______.[A] employment in the US[B] part-timer classification[C] insurance though Medicaid[D] Obamacare’s troublePart BDirections: In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list [A]-[G] tofit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, whichdo not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET.[A] You are not alone[B] Don’t fear responsibility for your life[C] Pave your own unique path[D] Most of your fears are unreal[E] Think about the present moment[F] Experience helps you grow[G] There are many things to be grateful forUnfortunately, life is not a bed of roses. We are going through life facing sad experiences. Moreover, we are grieving various kinds of loss: a friendship, a romantic relationship or a house. Hard times may hold you down at what usually seems like the most inopportune time, but you should remember that they won’t last forever.When our time of mourning is over, we press forward, stronger with a greater understanding and respect for life. Furthermore, these losses make us mature and eventually move us toward future opportunities for growth and happiness. I want to share these ten old truths I’ve learned along the way.41._____________________________Fear is both useful and harmful. This normal human reaction is used to protect us by signaling danger and preparing us to deal with it. Unfortunately, people create inner barriers with a help of exaggerating fears. My favorite actor Will Smith once said, “Fear is not real. It i s a product of thoughts you create. Do not misunderstand me. Danger is very real. But fear is a choice.” I do completely agree that fears are just the product of our luxuriant imagination.42_____________________________If you are surrounded by problems and cannot stop thinking about the past, try to focus on the present moment. Many of us are weighed down by the past or anxious about the future. You may feel guilt over your past, but you are poisoning the present with the things and circumstances you cannot change. Value the present moment and remember how fortunate you are to be alive. Enjoy the beauty of the world around and keep the eyes open to see the possibilities before you. Happiness is not a point of future and not a moment from the past, but a mindset that can be designed into the present.43______________________________Sometimes it is easy to feel bad because you are going through tough times. You can be easily caught up by life problems that you forget to pause and appreciate the things you have. Only strong people prefer to smile and value their life instead of crying and complaining about something.44________________________________No matter how isolated you might feel and how serious the situation is, you should always remember that you are not alone. Try to keep in mind that almost everyone respects and wants to help you if you are trying to make a good change in your life, especially your dearest and nearest people. You may have a circle of friends who provide constant good humor, help and companionship. If you have no friends or relatives, try to participate in several online communities, full of people who are always willing to share advice and encouragement.45________________________________Today many people find it difficult to trust their own opinion and seek balance by gaining objectivity from external sources. This way you devalue your opinion and show that you are incapable of managing your own life. When you are struggling toachieve something important you should believe in yourself and be sure that your decision is the best. You live in your skin, think your own thoughts, have your own values and make your own choices.Section III TranslationDirections: Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)Think about driving a route that’s very familiar. It could be your commute to work, a trip into town or the way home. Whichever it is, you know every twist and turn like the back of your hand. On these sorts of trips it’s easy to zone out from the actual driving and pay little attention to the passing scenery. The consequence is that you perceive that the trip has taken less time than it actually has.This is the well-travelled road effect: people tend to underestimate the time it takes to travel a familiar route.The effect is caused by the way we allocate our attention. When we travel down a well-known route, because we don’t have to concentrate much, time seems to flow more quickly. And afterwards, when we come to think back on it, we can’t remember the journey well because we didn’t pay much attention to it. So we assume it was shorter.Section IV WritingPart ADirections: Suppose your university is going to host a summer camp for high school students. Write a notice to1) briefly introduce the camp activities, and2) call for volunteers.You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your name or the name of your university.Do not write your address. (10 points)Part BDirections: Write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, you should1) interpret the chart, and2) give your comments.You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)【参考答案】【1-5】CDCAC 【6-10】ABDBD 【11-15】AABDC 【16-20】DADBB【21-25】ACDCCA 【26-30】CACDD 【31-35】ACDAC 【36-40】BCBBA【41-45】DEGAC【翻译参考译文】想想在一条你非常熟悉的路线上开车是什么感觉。

【真题】2015考研真题（英语二）Directions:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)In our contemporary culture, the prospect of communicating with -- or even looking at -- a stranger is virtually unbearable. Everyone around us seems to agree by the way they fiddle with their phones, even without a 1 underground.It's a sad reality -- our desire to avoid interacting with other human beings -- because there's 2 to be gained from talking to the stranger standing by you. But you wouldn't know it, 3 into your phone. This universal armor sends the 4 : "Please don't approach me."What is it that makes us feel we need to hide 5 our screens?One answer is fear, according to Jon Wortmann, executive mental coach. We fear rejection, or that our innocent social advances will be 6 as "creepy,". We fear we'll be 7 . We fear we'll be disruptive. Strangers are inherently 8 to us, so we are more likely to feel 9 when communicating with them compared with our friends and acquaintances. To avoid this anxiety, we 10 to our phones. "Phones become our security blanket," Wortmann says. "They are our happy glasses that protect us from what we perceive is going to be more 11 .”But once we rip off the bandaid, tuck our smartphones in our pockets and look up, it doesn't 12 so bad. In one 2011 experiment, behavioral scientists Nicholas Epley and Juliana Schroeder asked commuters to do the unthinkable: Start a 13 . They had Chicago train commuters talk to their fellow 14 . "When Dr. Epley and Ms. Schroeder asked other people in the same train station to 15 how they would feel after talking to a stranger, the commuters thought their 16 would be more pleasant if they sat on their own," the NewYork Times summarizes. Though the participants didn't expect a positive experience, after they 17 with the experiment, "not a single person reported having been snubbed."18 , these commutes were reportedly more enjoyable compared with those sans communication, which makes absolute sense, 19 human beings thrive off of social connections. It's that 20 : Talking to strangers can make you feel connected.1. [A] ticket [B] permit [C] signal [D] record2. [A] nothing [B] link [C] another [D] much3. [A] beaten [B] guided [C] plugged [D] brought4. [A] message [B] cede [C] notice [D] sign5. [A] under [B] beyond [C] behind [D] from6. [A] misinterpret [B] misapplied [C] misadjusted [D] mismatched7. [A] fired [B] judged [C] replaced [D] delayed8. [A] unreasonable [B] ungrateful [C] unconventional [D] unfamiliar9. [A] comfortable [B] anxious [C] confident [D] angry10. [A] attend [B] point [C] take [D] turn11. [A] dangerous [B] mysterious [C] violent [D] boring12. [A] hurt [B] resist [C] bend [D] decay13. [A] lecture [B] conversation [C] debate [D] negotiation14. [A] trainees [B] employees [C] researchers [D] passengers15. [A] reveal [B] choose [C] predict [D] design16. [A] voyage [B] flight [C] walk [D] ride17. [A] went through [B] did away [C] caught up [D] put up18. [A] In turn [B] In particular [C] In fact [D] In consequence19. [A] unless [B] since [C] if [D] whereas20. [A] funny [B] simple [C] logical [D] rareSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys, people are actually more stressed at home than at work. Researchers measured people‟s cortisol, which is a stress marker, while they were at work and while they were at home and found it higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge.“Further contradicting conventional wisdom, we found that women as well as men have lower levels of stress at work than at home, ” writes one of the researchers, Sarah Damske. In fact women even say they feel better at work, she notes.“ It is men, not women, who report being happier at home than at work. ”Another surprise is that findings hold true for both those with children and without, but more so for nonparents. This is why people who work outside the home have better health.What the study doesn‟t measure is whether people are still doing work when they‟re at home, whether it is household work or work brought home from the office. For many men, the end of the workday is a time to kick back. For women who stay home, they never get to leave the office. And for women who work outside the home, they often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks. With the blurring of roles, and the fact that the home frontlags well behind the workplace a making adjustments for working women, it‟s not surprising that women are more stressed at home.But it‟s not just a gender thing. At work, people pretty much know what they‟re supposed to be doing: working, marking money, doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income. The bargain is very pure: Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola.On the home front, however, people have no such clarity. Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out. There are a lot of tasks to be done, there are inadequate rewards for most of them. Your home colleagues-your family-have no clear rewards for their labor; they need to be talked into it, or if they‟re teenagers, threatened with complete removal of all electronic devices. Plus, they‟re your family. You cannot fire your family. You never really get to go home from home.So it‟s not surprising that people are more stressed at home. Not only are the tasks apparently infinite, the co-workers are much harder to motivate.21.According to Paragraph 1,most previous surveys found that home_____[A] offered greater relaxation than the workplace[B] was an ideal place for stress measurement[C] generated more stress than the workplace[D] was an unrealistic place for relaxation22. According to Damaske, who are likely to be the happiest at home?[A] Childless wives[B] Working mothers[C] Childless husbands[D] Working fathers23.The blurring of working women's roles refers to the fact that_____[A] it is difficult for them to leave their office[B] their home is also a place for kicking back[C] there is often much housework left behind[D] they are both bread winners and housewives24.The word“moola”(Line4,Para4)most probably means_____[A] skills[B] energy[C] earnings[D] nutrition25.The home front differs from the workplace in that_____[A] division of labor at home is seldom clear-cut[B] home is hardly a cozier working environment[C] household tasks are generally more motivating[D] family labor is often adequately rewardedText 2For years, studies have found that first-generation college students- those who do not have a parent with a college degree- lag other students on a range of education achievement factors. Their grades are lower and their dropout rates are higher. But since such students are most likely to advance economically if they succeed in higher education,colleges and universities have pushed for decades to recruit more of them. This has created “a paradox” in that recruiting first- generation students, but then watching many of them fail, means that highe r education has “continued to reproduce and widen, rather than close” ab achievement gap based on social class, according to the depressing beginning of a paper forthcoming in the journal Psychological Science.But the article is actually quite optimistic, as it outlines a potential solution to this problem, suggesting that an approach (which involves a one-hour, next-to-no-cost program) can close 63 percent of the achievement gap (measured by such factors as grades) between first-generation and other students.The authors of the paper are from different universities, and their findings are based on a study involving 147 students ( who completed the project) at an unnamed private university. First generation was defined as not having a parent with a four-year college degree. Most of the first-generation students(59.1 percent) were recipients of Pell Grants, a federal grant for undergraduates with financial need, while this was true only for 8.6 percent of the students wit at least one parent with a four-year degree.Their thesis- that a relatively modest intervention could have a big impact- was based on the view that first-generation students may be most lacking not in potential but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that face most college students. They cite past research by several authors to show that this is the gap that must be narrowed to close the achievement gap.Many first- generation students “struggle to navigate the middle-class culture of higher education, learn the …rules of the game,‟ and take advantage of college resources,” they write. And this becomes more of a problem when collages don‟t talk about the class advantage and disadvantages of different groups of students. Because US colleges and universities seldom acknowledge h ow social class can affect students ‟educational experience, many first-generation students lack sight about why they are struggling and do not understand how students‟ like them can improve.26. Recruiting more first- generation students has_______[A] reduced their dropout rates[B] narrowed the achievement gap[C] missed its original purpose[D] depressed college students27. The author of the research article are optimistic because_______[A] the problem is solvable[B] their approach is costless[C] the recruiting rate has increased[D] their finding appeal to students28. The study suggests that most first- generation students______[A] study at private universities[B] are from single-parent families[C] are in need of financial support[D] have failed their collage29. The author of the paper believe that first-generation students_______[A] are actually indifferent to the achievement gap[B] can have a potential influence on other students[C] may lack opportunities to apply for research projects[D] are inexperienced in handling their issues at college30. We may infer from the last paragraph that_______[A] universities often reject the culture of the middle-class[B] students are usually to blame for their lack of resources[C] social class greatly helps enrich educational experiences[D]colleges are partly responsible for the problem in questionText 3Even in traditional offices, “the lingua franca of corporate America has gotten much more emotional and much more right-brained than it was 20 years ago,” said Harvard Business School professor Nancy Koehn. She started spinning off examples. “If you and I parachuted back to Fortune 500 companies in 1990, we would see much less frequent use of terms like journey, mission, passion. There were goals, there were strategies, there were objectives, but we didn‟t talk about energy; we didn‟t talk about passion.”Koehn pointed out that this new era of corporate vocabulary is very“team”-oriented—and not b y coincidence. “Let‟s not forget sports—in male-dominated corporate America, it‟s still a big deal. It‟s not explicitly conscious; it‟s the idea that I‟m a coach, and you‟re my team, and we‟re in this together. There are lots and lots of CEOs in very different companies, but most think of themselves as coaches and this is their team and they want to win.”These terms are also intended to infuse work with meaning—and, as Khurana points out, increase allegiance to the firm. “You have the importation of term inology that historically used to be associated with non-profit organizations and religious organizations: Terms like vision, values, passion, and purpose,” said Khurana.This new focus on personal fulfillment can help keep employees motivated amid increasingly loud debates over work-life balance. The “mommy wars” of the 1990s are still going on today, prompting arguments about why women still can‟t have it all and books like Sheryl Sandberg‟s Lean In, whose title has become a buzzword in its own right.Terms like unplug, offline, life-hack, bandwidth, and capacity are all about setting boundaries between the office and the home. But if your work is your “passion,” you‟ll be more likely to devote yourself to it, even if that means going home for dinner and then working long after the kids are in bed.But this seems to be the irony of office speak: Everyone makes fun of it, but managers love it, companies depend on it, and regular people willingly absorb it. As Nunberg said, “You can get people to think it‟s nonsense at the same time that you buy into it.” In a workplace that‟s fundamentally indifferent to your life and its meaning, office speak can help you figure out how you relate to your work—and how your work defines who you are.31. According to Nancy Koehn, office language has become_____[A] more emotional[B] more objective[C] less energetic[D] less strategic32. “Team”-oriented corporate vocabulary is closely related to_______[A] historical incidents[B] gender difference[C] sports culture[D] athletic executives33.Khurana believes that the importation of terminology aims to______[A] revive historical terms[B] promote company image[C] foster corporate cooperation[D] strengthen employee loyalty34.It can be inferred that Lean In________[A] voices for working women[B] appeals to passionate workaholics[C] triggers debates among mommies[D] praises motivated employees35.Which of the following statements is true about office speak?[A] Managers admire it but avoid it[B] Linguists believe it to be nonsense[C] Companies find it to be fundamental[D] Regular people mock it but accept itText 4Many people talked of the 288,000 new jobs the Labor Department reported for June, along with the drop in the unemployment rate to 6.1 percent, as good news. And they were right. For now it appears the economy is creating jobs at a decent pace. We still have a long way to go to get back to full employment, but at least we are now finally moving forward at a faster pace.However, there is another important part of the jobs picture that was largely overlooked. There was a big jump in the number of people who repot voluntarily working part-time. This figure is now 830,000(4.4 percent)above its year ago level.Before explaining the connection to the Obamacare, it is worth making an important distinction. Many people who work part-time jobs actually want full-time jobs. They take part-time work because this is all they can get. An increase in involuntary part-time work is evidence of weakness in the labor market and it means that many people will be having a very hard time making ends meet.There was an increase in involuntary part-time in June, but the general direction has been down. Involuntary part-time employment is still far higher than before the recession, but it is down by 640,000(7.9percent)from is year ago level.We know the difference between voluntary and involuntary part-time employment because people tell us. The survey used by the Labor Department asks people is they worked less than 35 hours in the reference week. If the answer is “yes”, they are classified as worked less than 35hours in that week because they wanted to work less than full time or because they had no choice .They are only classified as voluntary part-time workers if they tell the survey taker they chose to work less than 35 hours a week.The issue of voluntary part-time relates to Obamacare because one of the main purposes was to allow people to get insurance outside of employment. For many people , especially those with serious health conditions or family members with serious health conditions ,before Obamacare the only way to get insurance was through a job that provided health insurance.However, Obamacare has allowed more than 12 million people to either get insurance through Medicaid or the exchanges. These are people who may previously have felt the need to get a full-time job that provided insurance in order to cover themselves and their families. With Obamacare there is no longer a link between employment and insurance.36. Which part of the jobs picture are neglected?[A] The prospect of a thriving job market.[B] The increase of voluntary part-time market.[C] The possibility of full employment.[D] The acceleration of job creation.37. Many people work part-time because they_____.[A] prefer part-time jobs to full-time jobs.[B] feel that is enough to make ends meet.[C] cannot get their hands on full-time jobs.[D] haven‟t seen the weakness of the market.38. Involuntary part-time employment is the US_____.[A] is harder to acquire than one year ago.[B] shows a general tendency of decline.[C] satisfies the real need of the jobless.[D] is lower than before the recession.39. It can be learned that with Obamacare,_____.[A] it is no longer easy for part-timers to get insurance[B] employment is no longer a precondition to get insurance[C] it is still challenging to get insurance for family members[D] full-time employment is still essential for insurance40. The text mainly discusses_______.[A] employment in the US[B] part-timer classification[C] insurance though Medicaid[D] Obamacare‟s troublePart BDirections:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list [A]-[G] to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A] You are not alone[B] Don‟t fear responsibility for your life[C] Pave your own unique path[D] Most of your fears are unreal[E] Think about the present moment[F] Experience helps you grow[G] There are many things to be grateful forUnfortunately, life is not a bed of roses. We are going through life facing sad experiences. Moreover, we are grieving various kinds of loss: a friendship, a romantic relationship or a house. Hard times may hold you down at what usually seems like the most inopportune time, but you should remember that they won‟t last forever.When our time of mourning is over, we press forward, stronger with a greater understanding and respect for life. Furthermore, these losses make us mature andeventually move us toward future opportunities for growth and happiness. I want to share these ten old truths I‟ve learned along the way.41._____________________________Fear is both useful and harmful. This normal human reaction is used to protect us by signaling danger and preparing us to deal with it. Unfortunately, people create inner barriers with a help of exaggerating fears. My favorite actor Will Smith once said, “Fear is not real. It is a product of thoughts you create. Do not misunderstand me. Danger is very real. But fear is a choice.” I do completely agree that fears are just the product of our luxuriant imagination.42_____________________________If you are surrounded by problems and cannot stop thinking about the past, try to focus on the present moment. Many of us are weighed down by the past or anxious about the future. You may feel guilt over your past, but you are poisoning the present with the things and circumstances you cannot change. Value the present moment and remember how fortunate you are to be alive. Enjoy the beauty of the world around and keep the eyes open to see the possibilities before you. Happiness is not a point of future and not a moment from the past, but a mindset that can be designed into the present.43______________________________Sometimes it is easy to feel bad because you are going through tough times. You can be easily caught up by life problems that you forget to pause and appreciate the things you have. Only strong people prefer to smile and value their life instead of crying and complaining about something.44________________________________No matter how isolated you might feel and how serious the situation is, you should always remember that you are not alone. Try to keep in mind that almost everyone respects and wants to help you if you are trying to make a good change in your life, especially your dearest and nearest people. You may have a circle of friends who provideconstant good humor, help and companionship. If you have no friends or relatives, try to participate in several online communities, full of people who are always willing to share advice and encouragement.45________________________________Today many people find it difficult to trust their own opinion and seek balance by gaining objectivity from external sources. This way you devalue your opinion and show that you are incapable of managing your own life. When you are struggling to achieve something important you should believe in yourself and be sure that your decision is the best. You live in your skin, think your own thoughts, have your own values and make your own choices.Section III TranslationDirections:Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)Think about driving a route that‟s very familiar. It could be your commute to work, a trip into town or the way home. Whichever it is, you know every twist and turn like the back of your hand. On these sorts of trips it‟s easy to zone out from the actual driving and pay little attention to the passing scenery. The consequence is that you perceive that the trip has taken less time than it actually has.This is the well-travelled road effect: people tend to underestimate the time it takes to travel a familiar route.The effect is caused by the way we allocate our attention. When we travel down a well-known route, because we don‟t have to concentrate much, time seems to flow more quickly. And afterwards, when we come to think back on it, we can‟t remember the journey well because we didn‟t pay much attention to it. So we assume it was shorter.Section IV WritingPart A47. Directions:Suppose your university is going to host a summer camp for high school students. Write a notice to1) briefly introduce the camp activities, and2) call for volunteers.You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your name or the name of your university.Do not write your address. (10 points)Part B48. Directions:Write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, you should1) interpret the chart, and2) give your comments.You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)。

华侨大学2015年硕士研究生入学考试专业课试卷
（答案必须写在答题纸上）
招生专业中国语言文学
科目名称文学基础科目代码821
一、名词解释（计40分，每小题5分）：
1. 诸子百家
2. 汉乐府
3. 沉郁顿挫
4. 玉茗堂四梦
5"人的文学" 6文艺大众化运动 7.潜在写作 8.新写实小说
二、简答题（计40分，每小题10分）：
1.简述《诗经》的文学成就。

2.给晏殊词《蝶恋花》注上格律谱，平声画横（－），仄声画竖（丨）。

槛菊愁烟兰泣露，罗幕轻寒，燕子双飞去。

明月不谙离恨苦，斜光到晓穿朱户。

昨夜西风凋碧树，独上高楼，望尽天涯路。

欲寄彩笺兼尺素，山长水阔知何处？
3.简析朱自清借景抒情类散文的思想艺术特点。

4.简述“新历史小说”的概念及代表作家作品。

三、论述题（计70分，每小题35分）：
1论白居易讽喻诗与《新乐府》创作的得失。

2.以丁玲、张爱玲、王安亿为例，谈一谈时代思潮对20世纪中国女性创作主题形成的影响以及这种影响下作家形成的创作个性。

共1 页第1 页
1。

目　录2017年华侨大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2018年华侨大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题2017年华侨大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解Part Ⅰ Vocabulary and structure (30%)Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best complete the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.1. It took five days to climb the mountain and only one day to _____.A. disposeB. declineC. descendD. degrade【答案】C句意：爬上山需要5天，而下山只需要一天。

descend下【解析】降；下来。

dispose布置；安排；处理。

decline（数量、价值、质量等的）减少；下降；衰落。

degrade降低……身份；侮辱……的人格。

故选C。

2. Success in gradually overcoming her handicaps had _____ the formerly shy and unhappy Helen.A. reconciledB. reclaimedC. transformedD. triggered【答案】C句意：海伦不断克服自身缺陷取得的成功，改变了原来那【解析】个害羞且忧郁的她。

handicap障碍；阻碍；生理缺陷。

transform使改变外观（或性质）；使改观。

华侨大学2015年硕士研究生入学考试专业课试卷（答案必须写在答题纸上）招生专业英语语言文学科目名称英语综合科目代码762Part I Error Correction (10 points)Directions: In the following passage there are 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. Read the passage and correct the mistakes. If you change a word, cross it out and write the substitute in the corresponding blank. If you add a word, put the insertion mark (∧) in the right place and write the word you want to add in the blank. If you delete a word, cross it out and put a slash (/) in the blank.Example:Television is rapidly becoming the literatures of our periods. 1 . ___time__Many of the arguments having used for the study of literature as a 2. __/_____school subject are valid for ∧study of television. 3. __the__(I)Tramore is a happy racecourse in a holiday town but,at just a mile round and with cambers to rival Epsom, ithas never been favorably in the Irish jockeys’ room. Its 1. _________________ popularity will have dipped further after the New Year’sEve shambles in which all 14 riders in a handicap chaseeither rode a finish or pulled up a circuit early. Ninejockeys, including Davy Russell, the championship leader,were baned for five days each and the Irish Turf Club 2. _________________has begun an investigation that bring further action. 3. _________________共23 页第1 页(II)Number of people who died in passenger airline 4. ______________________ crashes last year was 20 per cent lower than in 2006.There were 631 passenger deaths worldwide lastyear, 159 fewer than 2006, according to Ascend, 5. ______________________the industry information company. Robin Butlerhas been a crossbencher in the House of Lordsfor ten years since he retired after a 37-years career 6. _____________________in the Civil Service, which he completed as a head 7. _____________________of the Home Civil Service and as Cabinet Secretaryto prime ministers Thatcher, Major and Blair. Onretire he became Master of University College, 8. _____________________ Oxford. His parody of John Betjeman’s famous poemSeaside Golf, which includes the lines ‘a glorious,sailing bounding drive, /That made me glad I alive’ is 9. ________________________ fondly remembered at Betjeman favourite course,10. _______________________St Enodoc, North Cornwall.Part II Grammar (30 points)(I) There are ten sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentence. (10 points)1. ____, Robert Ferguson’s Law and Letters in American Culture has largely defined the critical understanding of the relationship between law and literature in the early American共23 页第2 页republic.A. With its publication more than 20 years agoB. Since its publication more than 20 years agoC. After its publication more than 20 years agoD. In its publication more than 20 years ago2. Ferguson’s central thesis, of course, is that a tight “configuration of law and letters,” ____, was made possible by several closely related factors.A. lasts from the Revolution until roughly the 1830sB. lasted from the Revolution until roughly the 1830sC. lasting from the Revolution until roughly the 1830sD. to last from the Revolution until roughly the 1830s3. I used to love horror movies, but now I tend to dread screen dread. ______ I’ve grown too old and jaded to be scared--nobody outgrows fear--but the new breed of horror movies, pitched almost exclusively at young male moviegoers, are more interested in sensationalism than insinuation.A. It’s not thatB. NotC. It’s not right thatD. Do not think that4. The professional culture of late eighteenth-century America, first of all, essentially required individuals trained in the legal profession ___________.A. to acquire a broad liberal education and to perform in a variety of literary modesB. acquire a broad liberal education and perform in a variety of literary modesC. to acquire a broad liberal education and performing in a variety of literary modesD. acquiring a broad liberal education and performing in a variety of literary modes共23 页第3 页5. Look at Jocelyn Wildenstein. OK, you can stop looking now. ____, she has become a warning of the pitfalls of overzealous plastic surgery.A. Known as ‘The Bride of Wildenstein’B. To know as ‘The Bride of Wildenstein’C. To be known as ‘The Bride of Wildenstein’D. As known as ‘The Bride of Wildenstein’6. Meanwhile, cosmetics manufacturers, ________, now produce potions boasting novel chemical compounds that read as if they are composed of letters from a poor deck of Scrabble tiles.A. in their search for new ceaseless tantalizing ingredients to put in their productsB. in their search for tantalizing new ceaseless ingredients to put in their productsC. in their new ceaseless tantalizing search for ingredients to put in their productsD. in their ceaseless search for tantalizing new ingredients to put in their products7. I argue here that Neal’s historical novel ____ as a tightly interlaced performance where the narrative and its prefaces ____ reciprocally to set up a broad-based assault on the concept of precedent.A. had better be read … to functionB. is best read … functionC. can best be read … functioningD. could best be read … as functioning8. ____, his utterance takes on a more serious shape and tone.A. Giving time, howeverB. Time given, howeverC. However, given timeD. Given time, however9. Though Mather, too, ____ the need for confessions in the trials of accused witches, Neal’sgeneral representation of Mather’s argumentative approach ____ the legitimacy of the legal共23 页第4 页proceedings of the Court of Oyer and Terminer was essentially accurate.A. stressed …to supportB. stresses …to supportC. stressed … supportingD. was stressing … in support10. The reading scores of ____ increased slightly (by 8 and 4 points, respectively) between 1971 and 1980 but then returned to their former levels or remained the same.A. nine and 13-year-oldsB. 9- and 13-year-oldsC. 9 and 13 year oldsD. 9 and 13-year-olds（II）There are ten sentences in this section. Each sentence has four parts underlined. The four underlined parts are marked A, B, C, and D. Identify the one underlined part that is wrong. (10 points)1. The big clock which used to strike the hours day and night was damaged many years ago andA Bhas been silent ever after.C D2. Looking at his watch, his clock said it was one o’clock, but the bell struck thirteen timesA Bbefore it stopped.C D3. The city at one time must have been prosperous，for it enjoyed a high level of civilization:A Bhouses--often three stories high--were built of stone．C D共23 页第5 页4. Now that a tunnel has been built through the mountains, the Pass is less dangerous, but eachA Byear, the dogs are still sent out into the snow nontheless a traveller is in difficulty.C D5. On his way into the sweet shop, he dropped his sixpence and it rolled along the pavementA B Cand then disappeared down a drain.D6. George was not too upset by his experience because the lady who owns the sweet shopA Bheard about his troubles and rewarded him on a large box of chocolates.C D7. Oddly shaped forms that are suspended from the ceiling and move in response to a gustA B Cof wind are quite familiar with everybody.D8. Mark Twain went west by stagecoach and succumbed to the epidemic of gold and silverA B Cfever in Navada’s Washoe region.D9. H. L. Mencken wrote sulphurous dispatches sitting in his pants with a fan blowing on him,A B共23 页第6 页and there was a talk of running him out of town for referring to the local citizenry as yokels.C D10. This will enable people that do not share a common language to talk to each otherA Bwith out any difficulty or to read foreign publications.C D(III) Rewrite the following sentences as required, without altering their meanings.（10 points）1. It is no use doing what you like, you have got to like what you do.Use ‘because’.2. Broadly speaking, human beings may be divided into three classes: those who are toiled to death, those who are worried to death, and those who are bored to death.Use the active voice.3. The most economical age to capture an elephant for training is between fifteen and twenty years.Use the comparative degree.4. It is well known that where the white man has invaded a primitive culture the most destructive effects have come not from physical weapons but from ideas.Use a simple sentence.5. Science and technology have come to pervade every aspect of our lives and, as a result, society is changing at a speed which is quite unprecedented.Talk about ‘society’ before ‘science’.共23 页第7 页6. We cannot think outside the particular patterns that our brains are conditioned to, or, to be more accurate, we can think only a very little way outside, and then only if we are very original.Use ‘Only’ in the beginning and invert your word order.7. By a cough he pushed the tissue off the table.Use ‘cough’ as a transitive verb.8. I cannot open the door.Begin by ‘the door’, making your sentence genuine/natural English.9. Once the existence of this wave-length had been discovered, it was not long before its use as the uniquely recognizable broadcasting frequency for interstellar communication was suggested.Begin with ‘with’ phrase.10. For some time Paris had been swarming with countless other discharged foreign soldiers.Begin by ‘other discharged foreign soldiers’.Part III Reading Comprehension （50 points）Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by four questions or incomplete statements. For each question or statement, there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose only ONE that best answers the question or finishes the incomplete statement.Passage 1A study of nearly 140,000 women in the U. S. showed that regular helpings of a small portion共23 页第8 页of nuts can have a powerful protective effect against a disease that is threatening to become a global epidemic. Women who consumed a 28 gram packet of walnuts at least twice a week were 24 per cent less likely to develop type 2 diabetes than those who rarely or never ate them. Eating walnuts just two or three times a week can reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes by almost a quarter.The latest findings, published in the Journal of Nutrition, are not the first to highlight the anti-diabetic effects of walnuts, with earlier research showing similar benefits. However, this is thought to be one of the largest studies to fmd regularly snarling on them can help prevent the condition. Although the latest research was carried out on female nurses, it's likely that the same benefits apply to men.According to the charity Diabetes UK, at the current rate of increase, the numbers affected by type 2 diabetes in the UK will rise from around 2.5 million currently to four million by 2025 and five million by 2030. Left untreated, it can raise the risk of heart attacks, blindness and amputation (截肢). Being overweight, physically inactive and having a poor diet are major risk factors for the disease.Scientists at the Harvard School of Public Health in Boston, U. S. , tracked 137,893 nurses aged from 35 to 77 over a ten year period to see how many developed type 2 diabetes. Their dietary habits were closely monitored, including details on how often they ate nuts, particularly walnuts. After allowing for body fat and weight, the researchers found eating walnuts one to three times a month reduced the risk by four per cent, once a week by 13 per cent and at least twice a week by 24 per cent.In a report on the findings the researchers said: "These results suggest higher walnut consumption is associated with a significantly lower risk of type 2 diabetes in women."共23 页第9 页Walnuts are rich in healthy fatty acids(脂肪酸)which have been shown to reduce inflammation (炎症) in the body and protect against heart disease, cancer and arthritis(关节炎). Last year, experts at the University of California Los Angeles also found young men in their twenties and thirties who ate walnuts every day increased their sperm count and boosted their fertility.The research comes just after a Louisiana State University study which showed that eating nuts can reduce people's risk of obesity. The study found that those who consumed varieties such as almonds and pistachios(开心果) demonstrated a lower body weight, body mass index ( BMI) and waist circumference compared to non-consumers. They were also at lower risk of developing heart disease, type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome.1. According to the passage, what does "a global epidemic" ( Line 3, Para. 1 ) refer to?A. A disease.B. Type 2 diabetes.C. Cancer.D. Obesity.2. According to the passage, the research published in the Journal of Nutrition _________.A. was carried out on male nursesB. is considered as the largest study of walnuts' anti-diabetic effectsC. emphasizes walnuts' anti-diabetic effectsD. is the first study of walnuts' anti-diabetic effects3. Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 3?A. The number of diabetes patients in the UK will double by 2025.B. Type 2 diabetes is mainly triggered by childhood overweight.C. Diet and exercise may reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes.D. Type 2 diabetes will cause a significant increase of weight.4. Which of the following is TRUE about the 137,893 nurses tracked by scientists at theHarvard?共23 页第10 页A. Most of them are female.B. Their eating habits were closely inspected for over ten years.C. Their age is ranging from 35 to 77 years old.D. They have about the same body fat and weight.5. It has been proved that eating nuts can ___________.A. lower people's body weight, BMI and waist circumferenceB. reduce inflammation in the bodyC. lower people's risk of heart disease, cancer and arthritisD. increase young men's sperm count and boost their fertilityPassage 2Most young people enjoy some form of physical activity. It may be walking, cycling or swimming, or in winter, skating or skiing. It may be game of some kind football, hockey, golf, or tennis. It may be mountaineering.Those who have a passion for climbing high and difficult mountains are often looked upon with astonishment. Why are men and women willing to suffer cold and hardship, and to take risks on high mountains? This astonishment is caused probably by the difference between mountaineering and other forms of activity to which men give their leisure.Mountaineering is a sport and not a game. There are no man-made rules, as there are for such games as golf and football. There are, of course, rules of a different kind which it would be dangerous to ignore, but it is this freedom from man-made rules that makes mountaineering attractive to many people. Those who climb mountains are free to use their own methods.If we compare mountaineering and other more familiar sports, we might think that one big共23 页第11 页difference is that mountaineering is not a 'team game'. We should be mistaken in this. There are, it is true, no 'matches' between 'teams' of climbers, but when climbers are on a rock face linked by a rope on which their lives may depend, there is obviously teamwork.The mountain climber knows that he may have to fight forces that are stronger and more powerful than man. He has to fight the forces of nature. His sport requires high mental and physical qualities.A mountain climber continues to improve in skill year after year. A skier is probably past his best by the age of thirty, and most international tennis champions are in their early twenties. But it is not unusual for man of fifty or sixty to climb the highest mountains in Alps. They may take more time than younger men, but they probably climb with more skill and less waste of effort, and their certainly experience equal enjoyment.6. Mountaineering involves____.A. coldB. hardshipC. physical riskD. all of the above7. The difference between a sport and a game has to do with the kind of _____.A. activityB. rulesC. uniformD. participants8. Mountaineering can be called a team sport because_____.A. it is an Olympic eventB. teams compete against each otherC. mountaineers depend on other while climbingD. there are 5 climbers on each team9. Mountaineers compete against______.A. natureB. each otherC. other teamsD. international standards共23 页第12 页招生专业英语语言文学科目名称英语综合科目代码76210. Choose the best title for the passage_______.A. mountaineering is different from golf and footballB. mountaineering is more attractive than other sportsC. mountaineeringD. mountain climbersPassage 3Women’s minds work differently from men’s. At least, that is what most men are convinced of. Psychologists view the subject either as a matter or frustration or a joke. Now the biologists have moved into this minefield, and some of them have found that there are real differences between the brains of men and women. But being different, they point out hurriedly, is not the same as being better or worse.There is, however, a definite structural variation between the male and female brain. The difference is in part of the brain that is used in the most complex intellectual processes – the link between the two halves of the brain.The two halves are linked by a trunkline of between 200 and 300 million nerves, the corpus callosum. Scientists have found quite recently that the corpus callosum in women is always larger and probably richer in nerve fibres than it is in men. This is the first time that a structural difference has been found between the brains of women and men and it must have some significance. The question is “What?”, and, if this difference exists, are there others? Research shows that present-day women think differently and behave differently from men. Are some of these differences biological and inborn, a result of evolution? We tend to think that is the influence of society that produces these differences. But could we be wrong?共23 页第13 页招生专业英语语言文学科目名称英语综合科目代码762Research showed that these two halves of the brain had different functions, and that the corpuscallosum enabled them to work together. For most people, the left half is used for word-handing,analytical and logical activities; the right half works on pictures, patterns and forms. We need both halvesworking together. And the better the connections, the more harmoniously the two halves work.And, according to research findings, women have the better connections.But it isn’t all that easy to explain the actual differences between skills of men and womenon this basis.In schools throughout the world girls tend to be better than boys at “language subjects” and boysbetter at math and physics. If these differences correspond with the differences in thehemispheric thunkline, there is an unalterable distinction between the sexes.We shan’t know for a while, partly because we don’t know of any precise relationshipbetween abilities in school subjects and the functioning of the two halves of the brain, and wecannot understand how the two halves interact via the corpus callosum. But this strikingdifference must have some effect and, because the difference is in the parts of the brain involvein intellect, we should be looking for differences in intellectual processing.11. Which of the following statements is CORRECT?A. Biologists are conducting research where psychologists have given up.B. Brain differences point to superiority of one sex over the other.C. Results of scientific research fail to support popular belief.D. The structural difference in the brain between the sexes has long been known.12. According to the passage it is commonly believed that brain differences are caused by____ factors.A. biologicalB. psychologicalC. physicalD. social共23 页第14 页13. “These differences” in Paragraph 5 refer to those in ____.A. skills of men and womenB. school subjectsC. the brain structure of men and womenD. activities carried out by the brain14. At the end of the passage the author proposes more work on ____.A. the brain structure as a wholeB. the functioning of part of the brainC. the distinction between the sexesD. the effects of the corpus callosum15. What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To outline the research findings on the brain structure.B. To explain the link between sex and brain structure.C. To discuss the various factors that cause brain differences.D. To suggest new areas in brain research.Passage 4To the 19th-century French poet Charles Baudelaire, there was no such thing as a bad smell. What a squeamish, oversensitive bunch he would have deemed the denizens of the 20th-century America, where body odors are taboo, strong aromas are immediately suppressed with air freshener and perfume, long celebrated for its seductive and healing powers, is banned in some places to protect those with multiple chemical sensitivities.Indeed, in the years since Baudelaire set pen to paper, civilization has played havoc with the natural state of all the human senses, technology providing the ability not only to tame and to mute but also to tease and over-stimulate. Artificial fragrances and flavors trick the nose and tongue. Advertisers dazzle the eyes with rapid-fire images. Wailing sirens vie with the beeping of pagers to challenge the ears’ ability to cope.共23 页第15 页Yet even as we fiddle with the texture and scope of our sensibilities, science is indicating it might behoove us to show them a bit more respect. Growing evidence documents the surprising consequences of depriving or overwhelming the senses. And failing to nurture our natural capabilities, researchers are discovering, can affect health, emotions, even intelligence. Hearing, for example, is intimately connected to emotional circuits: When a nursing infant looks up from the breast, muscles in the middle ear reflexively tighten, readying the child for the pitch of a human voice. The touch of massage can relieve pain and improve concentration. And no matter how we spritz or scrub, every human body produces a natural odor as distinctive as the whorls on the fingertips, an aroma that research is showing to be a critical factor in choosing a sexual partner.Beyond their capacity to heal and delight, the senses have also opened a window on the workings of the human brain. A flood of studies on smell, sight, hearing, touch and taste in the last two decades have upended most of theories about how the brain functions. Scientists once believed, for example, that the brain was hard-wired at birth, the trillions of connections that made up its neural circuits genetically predetermined. But a huge proportion of neurons in a newborn infant’s brain, it turns out, require input from the senses in order to hook up to one another properly.It is a similar case with a scientific theory until recently held that the sense organs did the lion’s share of processing information about the world: The eye detected movement; the nose recognized smell. But researchers now know that ears, eye and fingers are only way stations, transmitting signals that are then processed centrally. “The nose doesn’t smell, the brain does,” says Richard Axel, a molecular biologist at Columbia University. Each of our sense shatters共23 页第16 页experiences into fragments, parsing the world like so many nouns and verbs, then leaving the brain to put the pieces back together and make sense of it all.In labs across the country, researchers are drafting a picture of the sense that promises not only to unravel the mysterious tangle of the nerves in the brain but also to offer reasons to revel in sensuous experience. Cradling a baby not only feels marvelous, scientists are finding, but it is absolutely vital to a newborn’s emotional and cognitive development. And the results of this research are beginning to translate into practical help for people whose senses are impaired: Researchers in Boston last year unveiled a tiny electronic device called a retinal chip that one day may restore sight to people blinded after childhood. Gradually, this new science of the senses is redefining what it means to be a feeling and thinking human being. One day it may lead to an understanding of consciousness itself.16. The author in the first two paragraphs intends to argue that ___________.A.technology has disrupted the natural states of the human sensesing perfume to suppress body odors is not correctC.what French poet Charles Baudelaire said is true to our lifeD.our noses and tongues have been tricked by artificial fragrances17. Research findings indicate that if our senses are ill-treated, _______.A.our physical health can be affectedB. a person can be affected enormouslyC.our intelligence can be influencedD.our emotional states can be disturbed共23 页第17 页18. Which of the following statements if true?A.The sense organs process the world information.B.The eyes discover movement.C.The nose determines smells.D.The sense organs cannot process information.Passage 5So what have they taught you at college about interviews? Some courses go to town on it, others do very little. You may get conflicting advice. Only one thing is certain: the key to success is preparation.There follow some useful suggestions from a teacher training course coordinator, a head of department and a head teacher. As they appear to be in complete harmony with one another despite never having met, we may take their advice seriously.Oxford Brookes University’s approach to the business of application and interview focuses on research and rehearsal. Training course coordinator Brenda St evens speaks of the value of getting students “to deconstruct the advertisement , see what they can offer to that school, and that situation, and then write the letter, do their CVs and criticize each other’s.” Finally, they role play interviewer and interviewee.This is sterling stuff, and Brookes students spend a couple of weeks on it. “The better prepared students won’t be thrown by nerves on the day,” says Ms Stevens. “They’ll have their strategies and questions worked out.” She also says, a trifle disconcertingly, “the better the student, the worse the interviewee.” She believes the most capable students are less able to put themselves forward. Even if this were tree, says Ms Stevens, you must still make your own共23 页第18 页case.“Beware of infernality,” she advises. One aspirant teacher, now a head of department at a smart secondary school, failed his first job interview because he took his jacket off while waiting for his appointment. It was hot and everyone in the staffroom was in shirtsleeves but at the end of the day they criticized his casual attitude, which they had deduced from the fact that he took his jacket off in the staffroom, even though he put it back on for the interview.Incidentally, men really do have to wear a suit to the interview and women really cannot wear jeans, even if men never wear the suit again and women teach most days in jeans. Panels respond instantly to these indicators. But beware: it will not please them any better if you are too smart.Find out about the people who will talk to you. In the early meetings they are likely to be heads of departments or heads of year. Often they may be concerned with pastoral matters. It makes sense to know their priorities and let them hear the things about you that they want to hear.During preliminary meetings you may be seen in groups with two or three other applicants and you must demonstrate that you know your stuff without putting your companions down. The interviewers will be watching how you work with a team.But remember the warning about informality: however friendly and co-operative the other participants are, do not give way to the idea that you are there just to be friends.Routine questions can be rehearsed, but “don’t go on too long,” advises the department head. They may well ask: “What have been your worst/best moments when teaching?”, or want you to “talk about some good teaching you have done.” The experts agree you should recognize your weaknesses and offer a strategy for over coming them. “I know I’ve got to work共23 页第19 页。