2017考研英语(二)大纲变化综述

2017年考研英语二Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)People have speculated for centuries about a future without work.Today is no different，with academics，writers，and activists once again 1 that technology is replacing human workers. Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by 2 . A few wealthy people will own all the capital，and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland..A different and not mutually exclusive 3 holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort，one 4 by purposelessness：Without jobs to give their lives 5 ，people will simply become lazy and depressed. 6 today’s unemployed don’t seem to be having a great time. One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression，double the rate for 7 Americans. Also，some research suggests that the 8 for rising rates of mortality，mental-health problems，and addicting9 poorly-educated middle-aged people is shortage of well-paid jobs. Perhaps this is why many 10 the agonizing dullness of a jobless future.But it doesn’t 11 follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with unease. Such visions are based on the 12 of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment. In the 13 of work，a society designed with other ends in mind could 14 strikingly different circumstances for the future of labor and leisure. Today，the 15 of work may be a bit overblown. “Many jobs are boring，degrading，unhealthy，and a waste of human potential，” says John Danaher，a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway.These days，because leisure time is relatively 16 for most workers，people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional 17 of their jobs. “When I come home from a hard day’s work，I often feel 18 ，” Danaher says，adding，“In a world in which I don’t have to work，I might feel rather different”—perhaps different enough to throw himself 19 a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for 20 matters.1. [A] boasting [B] denying [C] warning [D] ensuring2. [A] inequality [B] instability [C] unreliability [D] uncertainty3. [A] policy [B]guideline [C] resolution [D] prediction4. [A] characterized [B]divided [C] balanced [D]measured5. [A] wisdom [B] meaning [C] glory [D] freedom6. [A] Instead [B] Indeed [C] Thus [D] Nevertheless7. [A] rich [B] urban [C]working [D] educated8. [A] explanation [B] requirement [C] compensation [D] substitute9. [A] under [B] beyond [C] alongside [D] among10. [A] leave behind [B] make up [C] worry about [D] set aside11. [A] statistically [B] occasionally [C] necessarily [D] economically12. [A] chances [B] downsides [C] benefits [D] principles13. [A] absence [B] height [C] face [D] course14. [A] disturb [B] restore [C] exclude [D] yield15. [A] model [B] practice [C] virtue [D] hardship16. [A] tricky [B] lengthy [C] mysterious [D] scarce17. [A] demands [B] standards [C] qualities [D] threats18. [A] ignored [B] tired [C] confused [D] starved19. [A] off [B] against [C] behind [D] into20. [A] technological [B] professional [C] educational [D] interpersonalSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. （40 points）Text 1Every Saturday morning, at 9 am, more than 50,000 runners set off to run 5km around their local park. The Parkrun phenomenon began with a dozen friends and has inspired 400 events in the UK and more abroad. Events are free, staffed by thousands of volunteers. Runners range from four years old to grandparents; their times range from Andrew Baddeley's world record 13 minutes 48 seconds up to an hour.Parkrun is succeeding where London's Olympic "legacy" is failing. Ten years ago on Monday, it was announced that the Games of the 30th Olympiad would be in London. Planning documents pledged that the great legacy of the Games would be to level a nation of sport lovers away from their couches. The population would be fitter, healthier and produce more winners. It has not happened. The number of adults doing weekly sport did rise, by nearly 2 million in the run－up to 2012－but the general population was growing faster. Worse, the numbers are now falling at an accelerating rate. The opposition claims primary school pupils doing at least two hours of sport a week have nearly halved. Obesity has risen among adults and children. Official retrospections continue as to why London 2012 failed to "inspire a generation." The success of Parkrun offers answers.Parkun is not a race but a time trial: Your only competitor is the clock. The ethos welcomes anybody. There is as much joy over a puffed-out first-timer being clapped over the line as there is about top talent shining. The Olympic bidders, by contrast, wanted to get more people doing sports and to produce more elite athletes. The dual aim was mixed up: The stress on success over taking part was intimidating for newcomers.Indeed, there is something a little absurd in the state getting involved in the planning of such a fundamentally "grassroots", concept as community sports associations. If there is a role for government, it should really be getting involved in providing common goods－making sure there is space for playing fields and the money to pave tennis and netball courts, and encouraging the provision of all theseactivities in schools. But successive governments have presided over selling green spaces, squeezing money from local authorities and declining attention on sport in education. Instead of wordy, worthy strategies, future governments need to do more to provide the conditions for sport to thrive. Or at least not make them worse.21. According to Paragraph1, Parkrun has_____.A．gained great popularityB．created many jobsC．strengthened community tiesD．become an official festival22. The author believes that London's Olympic "legacy" has failed to_____. A．boost population growthB．promote sport participationC．improve the city's imageD．increase sport hours in schools23. Parkrun is different from Olympic games in that it_____.A．aims at discovering talentsB．focuses on mass competitionC．does not emphasize elitismD．does not attract first-timers24.With regard to mass sport, the author holds that governments should_____. A．organize "grassroots" sports eventsB．supervise local sports associationsC．increase funds for sports clubsD．invest in public sports facilities25. The author's attitude to what UK governments have done for sports is_____. A．tolerantB．criticalC．uncertainD．sympatheticText 2With so much focus on children’s use of screens, it's easy for parents to forget about their own screen use. “Tech is designed to really suck on you in,” says Jenny Radesky in her study of digital play, "and digital products are there to promote maximal engagement. It makes it hard to disengage, and leads to a lot of bleed-over into the family routine.”Radesky has studied the use of mobile phones and tablets at mealtimes by giving mother-child pairs a food-testing exercise. She found that mothers who sued devices during the exercise started 20 percent fewer verbal and 39 percent fewer nonverbalinteractions with their children. During a separate observation, she saw that phones became a source of tension in the family. Parents would be looking at their emails while the children would be making excited bids for their attention.Infants are wired to look at parents’ faces to try to understand their world, and if those faces are blank and unresponsive—as they often are when absorbed in a device －it can be extremely disconcerting foe the children. Radesky cites the “still face experiment” devised by developm ental psychologist Ed Tronick in the 1970s. In it, a mother is asked to interact with her child in a normal way before putting on a blank expression and not giving them any visual social feedback; The child becomes increasingly distressed as she tries to c apture her mother’s attention. "Parents don't have to be exquisitely parents at all times, but there needs to be a balance and parents need to be responsive and sensitive to a child’s verbal or nonverbal expressions of an emotional need," says Radesky.On the other hand, Tronick himself is concerned that the worries about kids' use of screens are born out of an “oppressive ideology that demands that parents should always be interacting” with their children: “It’s based on a somewhat fantasized, very white, very upper-middle-class ideology that says if you’re failing to expose your child to 30,000 words you are neglecting them.” Tronick believes that just because a child isn’t learning from the screen doesn’t mean there’s no value to it－particularly if it gives parents time to have a shower, do housework or simply have a break from their child. Parents, he says, can get a lot out of using their devices to speak to a friend or get some work out of the way. This can make them feel happier, which lets then be more available to their child the rest of the time.26. According to Jenny Radesky, digital products are designed to ______. A．simplify routine mattersB．absorb user attentionC．better interpersonal relationsD．increase work efficiency27. Radesky’s food-tes ting exercise shows that mothers’ use of devices ______. A．takes away babies’ appetiteB．distracts children’s attentionC．slows down babies’ verbal developmentD．reduces mother-child communication28. Radesky’s cites the “still face experiment” to show that _______.A．it is easy for children to get used to blank expressionsB．verbal expressions are unnecessary for emotional exchangeC．children are insensitive to changes in their parents’ moodD．parents need to respond to children's emotional needs29. The oppressive ideology mentioned by Tronick requires parents to_______. A．protect kids from exposure to wild fantasiesB．teach their kids at least 30,000 words a yearC．ensure constant interaction with their childrenD．remain concerned about kid's use of screens30. According to Tronick, kid’s use of screens may_______.A．give their parents some free timeB．make their parents more creativeC．help them with their homeworkD．help them become more attentiveText 3Today, widespread social pressure to immediately go to college in conjunction with increasingly high expectations in a fast-moving world often causes students to completely overlook the possibility of taking a gap year. After all, if everyone you know is going to college in the fall, it seems silly to stay back a year, doesn't it? And after going to school for 12 years, it doesn't feel natural to spend a year doing something that isn’t academic.But while this may be true, it’s not a good enough reason to condemn gap years. There's always a constant fear of falling behind everyone else on the socially perpetuated “race to the finish line,” whether that be toward graduate school, medical school or lucrative career. But despite common misconceptions, a gap year does not hinder the success of academic pursuits－in fact, it probably enhances it.Studies from the United States and Australia show that students who take a gap year are generally better prepared for and perform better in college than those who do not. Rather than pulling students back, a gap year pushes them ahead by preparing them for independence, new responsibilities and environmental changes－all things that first-year students often struggle with the most. Gap year experiences can lessen the blow when it comes to adjusting to college and being thrown into a brand new environment, making it easier to focus on academics and activities rather than acclimation blunders.If you're not convinced of the inherent value in taking a year off to explore interests, then consider its financial impact on future academic choices. According to the National Center for Education Statistics, nearly 80 percent of college students end up changing their majors at least once. This isn’t surprising, considering the basic mandatory high school curriculum leaves students with a poor understanding of themselves listing one major on their college applications, but switching to another after taking college classes. It’s not necessarily a bad thing, but depending on the school, it can be costly to make up credits after switching too late in the game. At Boston College, for example, you would have to complete an extra year were you to switch to the nursing school from another department. Taking a gap year to figure things out initially can help prevent stress and save money later on.31. One of the reasons for high-school graduates not taking a gap year is that_____. A．they think it academically misleadingB．they have a lot of fun to expect in collegeC．it feels strange to do differently from othersD．it seems worthless to take off-campus courses32. Studies from the US and Australia imply that taking a gap year helps_____. A．keep students from being unrealisticB．lower risks in choosing careersC．ease freshmen’s financial burdensD．relieve freshmen of pressures33. The word “acclimation”（Line 8, Para. 3）is closest in meaning to_____. A．adaptationB．applicationC．motivationD．competition34. A gap year may save money for students by helping them_____.A．avoid academic failuresB．establish long-term goalsC．switch to another collegeD．decide on the right major35. The most suitable title for this text would be_____.A．In Favor of the Gap YearB．The ABCs of the Gap YearC．The Gap Year Comes BackD．The Gap Year: A DilemmaText 4Though often viewed as a problem for western states, the growing frequency of wildfires is a national concern because of its impact on federal tax dollars, says Professor Max Moritz, a specialist in fire ecology and management.In 2015, the US Forest Service for the first time spent more than half of its $5.5 billion annual budget fighting fires－nearly double the percentage it spent on such efforts 20 years ago. In effect, fewer federal funds today are going towards the agency's other work－such as forest conservation, watershed and cultural resources management, and infrastructure upkeep－that affect the lives of all Americans.Another nationwide concern is whether public funds from other agencies are going into construction in fire-prone districts. As Moritz puts it, how often are federal dollars building homes that are likely to be lost to a wildfire?“It’s already a huge problem from a public expenditure perspective for the whole country,” he says. We need to take a magnifying glass to that. Like, “Wait a minute, is this OK?”“Do we want instea d to redirect those funds to concentrate on lower-hazard parts of the landscape?”Such a view would require a corresponding shift in the way US society today views fire, researchers say.For one thing, conversations about wildfires need to be more inclusive. Over the past decade, the focus has been on climate change－how the warming of the Earth from greenhouse gases is leading to conditions that worsen fires.While climate is a key element, Moritz says, it shouldn’t come at the expense of the rest of the equation.“The human systems and the landscapes we live on are linked, and the interactions go both ways," he says. Failing to recognize that, he notes, leads to "an overly simplified view of what the solutions might be. Our perception of the problem and of what the solution is becomes very limited.”At the same time, people continue to treat fire as an event that needs to be wholly controlled and unleashed only out of necessity, says Professor Balch at the University of Colorado. But acknowledging fire's inevitable presence in human life is an attitude crucial to developing the laws, policies, and practices that make it as safe as possible, she says.“We’ve disconnected ourselves from living with fire,” Balch says. “It is really important to understand and try and tease out what is the human connection with fire today.”36. More frequent wildfires have become a national concern because in 2015they_____.A．exhausted unprecedented management effortsB．consumed a record-high percentage of budgetC．severely damaged the ecology of western statesD．caused a huge rise of infrastructure expenditure37. Moritz calls for the use of "a magnifying glass" to _____.A．raise more funds for fire-prone areasB．avoid the redirection of federal moneyC．find wildfire-free parts of the landscapeD．guarantee safer spending of public funds38. While admitting that climate is a key element, Moritz notes that _____. A．public debates have not settled yetB．fire-fighting conditions are improvingC．other factors should not be overlookedD．a shift in the view of fire has taken place39. The overly simplified view Moritz mentions is a result of failing to _____. A．discover the fundamental makeup of natureB．explore the mechanism of the human systemsC．maximize the role of landscape in human lifeD．understand the interrelations of man and nature40. Professor Balch points out that fire is something man should _____.A．do away withB．come to terms withC．pay a price forD．keep away fromPart BDirections：Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. （10 points）The decline in American manufacturing is a common refrain, particularly from Donald Trump. "We don't make anything anymore," he told Fox News, while defending his own made-in-Mexico clothing line.Without question, manufacturing has taken a significant hit during recent decades, and further trade deals raise questions about whether new shocks could hit manufacturing.But there is also a different way to look at the data.Across the country, factory owners are now grappling with a new challenge: instead of having too many workers, they may end up with too few. Despite trade competition and outsourcing, American manufacturing still needs to replace tens of thousands of retiring boomers every years. Millennials may not be that interested in taking their place, other industries are recruiting them with similar or better pay.For factory owners, it all adds up to stiff competition for workers－and upward pressure on wages. "They're harder to find and they have job offers," says Jay Dunwell, president of Wolverine Coil Spring, a family-owned firm, "They may be coming [into the workforce], but they've been plucked by other industries that are also doing an well as manufacturing," Mr. Dunwell has begun bringing high school juniors to the factory so they can get exposed to its culture.At RoMan Manufacturing, a maker of electrical transformers and welding equipment that his father cofounded in 1980, Robert Roth keep a close eye on the age of his nearly 200 workers, five are retiring this year. Mr. Roth has three community-college students enrolled in a work-placement program, with a starting wage of $13 an hour that rises to $17 after two years.At a worktable inside the transformer plant, young Jason Stenquist looks flustered by the copper coils he's trying to assemble and the arrival of two visitors. It's his first week on the job. Asked about his choice of career, he says at high school he considered medical school before switching to electrical engineering. "I love working with tools. I love creating." he says.But to win over these young workers, manufacturers have to clear another major hurdle: parents, who lived through the worst US economic downturn since the Great Depression, telling them to avoid the factory. Millennials "remember their father and mother both were laid off. They blame it on the manufacturing recession," says Birgit Klohs, chief executive of The Right Place, a business development agency for westernMichigan.These concerns aren't misplaced: Employment in manufacturing has fallen from 17 million in 1970 to 12 million in 2013. When the recovery began, worker shortages first appeared in the high-skilled trades. Now shortages are appearing at the mid-skill levels."The gap is between the jobs that take to skills and those that require a lot of skill," says Rob Spohr, a business professor at Montcalm Community College. "There're enough people to fill the jobs at McDonalds and other places where you don't need to have much skill. It's that gap in between, and that's where the problem is."Julie Parks of Grand Rapids Community points to another key to luring Millennials into manufacturing: a work/life balance. While their parents were content to work long hours, young people value flexibility. "Overtime is not attractive to this generation. They really want to live their lives," she says.Section III TranslationDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)46.My dream has always been to work somewhere in an area between fashion and publishing. Two years before graduating from secondary school, I took a sewing and design course thinking that I would move on to a fashion design course. However, during that course I realised that I was not good enough in this area to compete with other creative personalities in the future, so I decided that it was not the right path for me. Before applying for university I told everyone that I would study journalism, because writing was, and still is, one of my favourite activities. But, to be absolutely honest, I said it, because I thought that fashion and me together was just a dream - I knew that no one, apart from myself, could imagine me in the fashion industry at all!Section IV WritingPart A51 Directions:Suppose you are invited by Professor Williams to give a presentation about Chinese culture to a group of international students. Write a reply to1）Accept the invitation, and2）Introduce the key points of your presentation.You should write neatly on the ANWSER SHEET.Do not sign you own name at the end of the letter, use “Li Ming ” instead.Do not write the address .(10 points)52. Directions:Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)You should1) interpret the chart, and2) give your comments.You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15points)参考答案1. C 空格之后的宾语从句部分“technology is replacing human workers.”结合选项，应该选择warning。

2017考研英语（二）完整真题与答案解析2017年考研英语(二)完整真题及答案解析Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)People have speculated for centuries about a future without work .Today is no different, with academics, writers, and activists once again _1_ that technology be replacing human workers. Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by _2_ . A few wealthy people will own all the capital, and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland.A different and not mutually exclusive _3_ holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort, one _4 _by purposelessness: Without jobs to give their lives _5_ , people will simply become lazy and depressed. _6_ , today's unemployed don't seem to be having a great time. One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans who havebeen unemployed for at least a year report having depression, double the rate for _7_ Americans. Also, some research suggests that the _8_ for rising rates of mortality, mental-health problems, and addicting _9_ poorly-educated middle-aged people is shortage of well-paid jobs. Perhaps this is why many __10_ the agonizing dullness of a jobless future.But it doesn't __11__ follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with unease. Such visions are based on the __12__ of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment. In the __13__ of work, a societydesigned with other ends in mind could __14__ strikingly different circumstanced for the future of labor and leisure. T oday, the __15__ of work may be a bit overblown. "Many jobs are boring, degrading, unhealthy, and a waste of human potential," says John Danaher, a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway.These days, because leisure time is relatively __16__ for most workers, people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional __17__ of their jobs. "When I come home from a hard day's work, I often feel __18__ ," Danaher says, adding, "In a world in which I don't have to work, I might feel rather different"—perhapsdifferent enough to throw himself __19__ a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for __20__ matters.1.[A] boasting [B] denying [C] warning [D] ensuring动词词义辨析。

2017年考研英语（二）真题及答案整理Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 p oints)People have speculated for centuries about a future without work. Today is no different, with academics, writers, and activists once again 1 that technology is replacing human workers. Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by 2 : A few wealthy people will own all the capital, and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland.A different and not mutually exclusive 3 holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort, one 4 by purposelessness: Without jobs to give their lives 5 , people will simply become lazy and depressed. 6 , today’s unemployed don’t seem to be having a great time. One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression, double the rate for 7 Americans. Also, some research suggests that the 8 for rising rates of mortality, mental-health problems, and addiction 9 poorly-educated, middle-aged people is a shortage of well-paid jobs. Perhaps this is why many 10 the agonizing dullness of a jobless future.But it doesn’t11 follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with unease. Such visions are based on the 12 of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment. In the 13 of work, a society designed with other ends in mind could 14 strikingly different circumstances for the future of labor and leisure. Today, the 15 of work may be a bit ove rblown. “Many jobs are boring, degrading, unhealthy, and a waste of human potential,” says John Danaher, a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway.These days, because leisure time is relatively 16 for most workers, people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional 17of their jobs. “When I come home from a hard day’s work, I often feel 18 ,” Danaher says, adding, “In a world in which I don’t have to work, I might feel rather different” – perhaps different enough to throw himself 19 a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for 20 matters.1.[A] boasting [B] denying [C] warning [D] ensuring2.[A] inequality [B] instability [C] unreliability [D] uncertainty3.[A] policy [B] guideline [C] resolution [D] prediction4.[A] characterized [B] divided [C] balanced [D] measured5.[A] wisdom [B] meaning [C] glory [D] freedom6.[A] Instead [B] Indeed [C] Thus [D] Nevertheless7.[A] rich [B] urban [C] working [D] educated8.[A] explanation [B] requirement [C] compensation [D] substitute9.[A] under [B] beyond [C] alongside [D] among10.[A] leave behind [B] make up [C] worry about [D] set aside11.[A] statistically [B] occasionally [C] necessarily [D] economically12.[A] chances [B] downsides [C] benefits [D] principles13.[A] absence [B] height [C] face [D] course14.[A] disturb [B] restore [C] exclude [D] yield15.[A] model [B] practice [C] virtue [D] hardship16.[A] tricky [B] lengthy [C] mysterious [D] scarce17.[A] demands [B] standards [C] qualities [D] threats18.[A] ignored [B] tired [C] confused [D] starved19.[A] off [B] against [C] behind [D] into20.[A] technological [B] professional [C] educational [D] interpersonalSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1Every Saturday morning, at 9 am, more than 50,000 runners set off to run 5km around their local park. The Parkrun phenomenon began with a dozen friends and has inspired 400 events in the UK and more abroad. Events are free, staffed by thousands of volunteers. Runners range from four years old to grandparents; their times range from Andrew Badd eley’s world record 13 minutes 48 seconds up to an hour.Parkrun is succeeding where London’s Olympic “legacy” is failing. Ten years ago on Monday, it was announced that the Games of the 30th Olympiad would be in London. Planning documents pledged that the great legacy of the Games would be to lever a nation of sport lovers away from their couches. The population would be fitter, healthier and produce more winners. It has not happened. The number of adults doing weekly sport did rise, by nearly 2 million in the run-up to 2012 – but the general population was growing faster. Worse, the numbers are now falling at an accelerating rate. The opposition claims primary school pupils doing at least two hours of sport a week have nearly halved. Obesity has risen among adults and children. Official retrospections continue as to why London 2012 failed to “inspire a generation.” The success of Parkrun offers answers.Parkun is not a race but a time trial: Your only competitor is the clock. The ethos welcomes anybody. There is as much joy over a puffed-out first-timer being clapped over the line as there is about top talent shining. The Olympic bidders, by contrast, wanted to get more people doing sport and to produce more elite athletes. The dual aim was mixed up: The stress on success over taking part was intimidating for newcomers.Indeed, there is something a little absurd in the state getting involved in the planning of such a fundamentally “grassroots” concept as community sports associations. If there is a role for government, it should really be getting involved in providing common goods –making sure there is space for playing fields and the money to pave tennis and netball courts, and encouraging the provision of all these activities in schools. But successive governments have presided over selling green spaces, squeezing money from local authorities and declining attention on sport in education. Instead of wordy, worthy strategies, future governments need to do more to provide the conditions for sport to thrive. Or at least not make them worse.21.According to Paragraph 1, Parkrun has .[A]gained great popularity[B]created many jobs[C]strengthened community ties[D]become an official festival22.The author believes that London’s Olympic “legacy” has failed to .[A]boost population growth[B]promote sport participation[C]improve the city’s image[D]increase sport hours in schools23.Parkrun is different from Olympic games in that it .[A]aims at discovering talents[B]focuses on mass competition[C]does not emphasize elitism[D]does not attract first-timers24.With regard to mass sports, the author holds that governments should .[A]organize “grassroots” sports events[B]supervise local sports associations[C]increase funds for sports clubs[D]invest in public sports facilities25.The author’s attitude to what UK governments have done for sports is .[A]tolerant[B]critical[C]uncertain[D]sympatheticText 2With so much focus on children’s use of screens, it’s easy for parents to forget about their own screen use. “Tech is designed to really suck you in,” says Jenny Radesky in her study of digital play, “and digital products are there to promote maximal engagement. It makes it hard to disengage, and leads to a lot of bleed-over into the family routine.”Radesky has studied the use of mobile phones and tablets at mealtimes by giving mother-child pairs a food-testing exercise. She found that mothers who used devices during the exercise started 20 per cent fewer verbal and 39 per cent fewer nonverbal interactions with their children. During a separate observation, she saw that phones became a source of tension in the family. Parents would be looking at their emails while the children would be making excited bids for their attention.Infants are wired to look at parents’ faces to try to understand their world, and if those faces are blank and unresponsive –as they often are when absorbed in a device – it can be ext remely disconcerting for the children. Radesky cites the “still face experiment” devised by developmental psychologist Ed Tronick in the 1970s. In it, a mother is asked to interact with her child in a normal way before putting on a blank expression and not giving them any visual social feedback: The child becomes increasingly distressed as she tries to capture her mother’s attention. “Parents don’t have to be exquisitely present at all times, but there needs to be a balance and parents need to be responsive and sensitive to a child’s verbal or nonverbal expressions of an emotional need,” says Radesky.On the other hand, Tronick himself is concerned that the worries about kids’ use of screens are born out of an “oppressive ideology that demands that parents should always be interacting” with their children: “It’s based on a somewhat fantasised, very white, very upper-middle-class ideology that says if you’re failing to expose your child to 30,000 words you are neglecting them.” Tronick believes that just beca use a child isn’t learning from the screen doesn’t mean there’s no value to it – particularly if it gives parents time to have a shower, do housework or simply have a break from their child. Parents, he says, can get a lot out of using their devices to speak to a friend or get some work out of the way. This can make them feel happier, which lets them be more available to their child the rest of the t ime.26.According to Jenny Radesky, digital products are designed to .[A]simplify routine matters[B]absorb user attention[C]better interpersonal relations[D]increase work efficiency27.Radesky’s food-testing exercise shows that mothers’u se of devices .[A]takes away babies’ appetite[B]distracts children’s attention[C]slows down babies’ verbal development[D]reduces mother-child communication28.Radesky cites the “still face experiment” to show that .[A]it is easy for children to get used to blank expressions[B]verbal expressions are unnecessary for emotional exchange[C]children are insensitive to changes in their parents’mood[D]parents need to respond to children’s emotional needs29.The oppressive ideology mentioned by Tronick requires parents to .[A]protect kids from exposure to wild fantasies[B]teach their kids at least 30,000 words a year[C]ensure constant interaction with their children[D]remain concerned about kids’ use of screens30.According to Tronick, kids’ use of s creens may .[A]give their parents some free time[B]make their parents more creative[C]help them with their homework[D]help them become more attentiveText 3Today, widespread social pressure to immediately go to college in conjunction with increasingly high expectations in a fast-moving world often causes students to completely overlook the possibility of taking a gap year. After all, if everyone you know is going to college in the fall, it seems silly to stay back a year, doesn’t it? And after going to school for 12 years, it doesn’t feel natural to spend a year doing something that isn’t academic.But while this may be true, it’s not a good enough reason to condemn gap years. There’s always a constant fear of falling behind everyone else on the socially perpetuated “race to the finish line,” whether that be toward graduate school, medical school or a lucrative career. But despite common misconceptions, a gap year does not hinder the success of academic pursuits – in fact, it probably enhances it.Studies from the United States and Australia show that students who take a gap year are generally better prepared for and perform better in college than those who do not. Rather than pulling students back, a gap year pushes them ahead by preparing them for independence, new responsibilities and environmental changes –all things that first-year students often struggle with the most. Gap year experiences can lessen the blow when it comes to adjusting to college and being thrown into a brand new environment, making it easier to focus on academics and activities rather than acclimation blunders.If you’re not convinced of the inherent value in taking a year off to explore interests, then consider its financial impact on future academic choices. According to the National Center for Education Statistics, nearly 80 percent of college students end up changing their majors at least once. This isn’t surprising, considering the basi c mandatory high school curriculum leaves students with a poor understanding of the vast academic possibilities that await them in college. Many students find themselves listing one major on their college applications, but switching to another after taking college classes. It’s not necessarily a bad thing, but depending on the school, it can be costly to make up credits after switching too late in the game. At Boston College, for example, you would have to complete an extra year were you to switch to the nursing school from another department. Taking a gap year to figure things out initially can help prevent stress and save money later on.31.One of the reasons for high-school graduates not taking a gap year is that .[A]they think it academically misleading[B]they have a lot of fun to expect in college[C]it feels strange to do differently from others[D]it seems worthless to take off-campus courses32.Studies from the US and Australia imply that taking a gap year helps .[A]keep students from being unrealistic[B]lower risks in choosing careers[C]ease freshmen’s financial burdens[D]relieve freshmen of pressures33.The word “acclimation” (Para. 3) is closest in meaning to .[A]adaptation[B]application[C]motivation[D]competition34.A gap year may save money for students by helping them .[A]avoid academic failures[B]establish long-term goals[C]switch to another college[D]decide on the right major35.The most suitable title for this text would be .[A]In Favor of the Gap Year[B]The ABCs of the Gap Year[C]The Gap Year Comes Back[D]The Gap Year: A DilemmaText 4Though often viewed as a problem for western states, the growing frequency of wildfires is a national concern because of its impact on federal tax dollars, says Professor Max Moritz, a specialist in fire ecology and management.In 2015, the US Forest Service for the first time spent more than half of its $5.5 billion annual budget fighting fires – nearly double the percentage it spent on such efforts 20 years ago. In effect, fewer federal funds today are going towards the agency’s other work – such as forest conservation, watershed and cultural resources management, and infrastructure upkeep – that affect the lives of all Americans.Another nationwide concern is whether public funds from other agencies are going into construction in fire-prone districts. As Moritz puts it, how often are federal dollars building homes that are likely to be lost to a wildfire?“It’s already a huge problem from a public expenditure perspective for the whole country,” he says. “We need to take a magnifying glass to that. Like, ‘Wait a minute, is this OK?’ Do we want instead to redirect those funds to concentrate on lower-hazard parts of the landscape?”Such a view would require a corresponding shift in the way US society today views fire, researchers say.For one thing, conversations about wildfires need to be more inclusive. Over the past decade, the focus has been on climate change –how the warming of the Earth from greenhouse gases is leading to conditions that worsen fires.While climate is a key element, Mori tz says, it shouldn’t come at the expense of the rest of the equation.“The human systems and the landscapes we live on are linked, and the interactions go both ways,” he says. Failing to recognize that, he notes, leads to “an overly simplified view of what the solutions might be. Our perception of the problem and of what the solution is becomes very limited.”At the same time, people continue to treat fire as an event that needs to be wholly controlled and unleashed only out of necessity, says Professor Balch at the University of Colorado. But acknowledging fire’s inevitable presence in human life is an attitude crucial to developing the laws, policies, and practices that make it as safe as possible, she says.“We’ve disconnected ourselves from living with fire,” Balch says. “It is really important to understand and try and tease out what is the human connection with fire today.”36.More frequent wildfires have become a national concern because in 2015 they .[A]exhausted unprecedented management efforts[B]consumed a record-high percentage of budget[C]severely damaged the ecology of western states[D]caused a huge rise of infrastructure expenditure37.Moritz calls for the use of “a magnifying glass” to .[A]raise more funds for fire-prone areas[B]avoid the redirection of federal money[C]find wildfire-free parts of the landscape[D]guarantee safer spending of public funds38.While admitting that climate is a key element, Moritz notes that .[A]public debates have not settled yet[B]fire-fighting conditions are improving[C]other factors should not be overlooked[D]a shift in the view of fire has taken place39.The overly simplified view Moritz mentions is a result of failing to .[A]discover the fundamental makeup of nature[B]explore the mechanism of the human systems[C]maximize the role of landscape in human life[D]understand the interrelations of man and nature40.Professor Balch points out that fire is something man should .[A]do away with[B]come to terms with[C]pay a price for[D]keep away fromPart BDirections:Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) The decline in American manufacturing is a common refrain, particularly from Donald Trump. “We don’t make anything anymore,” he told Fox News, while defending his own made-in-Mexico clothing line.Without question, manufacturing has taken a significant hit during recent decades, and further trade deals raise questions about whether new shocks could hit manufacturing.But there is also a different way to look at the data.Across the country, factory owners are now grappling with a new challenge: Instead of having too many workers, they may end up with too few. Despite trade competition and outsourcing, American manufacturing still needs to replace tens of thousands of retiring boomers every year. Millennials may not be that interested in taking their place. Other industries are recruiting them with similar or better pay.For factory owners, it all adds up to stiff competition for workers – and upward pressure on wages. “They’re harder to find and they have job offers,” says Jay Dunwell, president of Wolverine Coil Spring, a family-owned firm, “They may be coming [into the workforce], but they’ve been plucked by other industries that are also doing as well as manufacturing.” Mr. Dunwell has begun bringing high school juniors to the factory so they can get exposed to its culture.At RoMan Manufacturing, a maker of electrical transformers and welding equipment that his father cofounded in 1980, Robert Roth keeps a close eye on the age of his nearly 200 workers. Five are retiring this year. Mr. Roth has three community-college students enrolled in a work-placement program, with a starting wage of $13 an hour that rises to $17 after two years.At a worktable inside the transformer plant, young Jason Stenquist looks flustered by the copper coils he’s trying to assemble and the arrival of two visitors. It’s his first week on the job. Asked about his choice of career, he says at high school he considered medical school before switching to electrical engineering. “I love working with tools. I love creating,” he says.But to win over these young workers, manufacturers have to clear anothermajor hurdle: parents, who lived through the worst US economic downturn since the Great Depression, telling them to avoid the factory. Millennials “remember their father and mother both were laid off. They bla me it on the manufacturing recession,” says Birgit Klohs, chief executive of The Right Place, a business development agency for western Michigan.These concerns aren’t misplaced: Employment in manufacturing has fallen from 17 million in 1970 to 12 million in 2015. When the recovery began, worker shortages first appeared in the high-skilled trades. Now shortages are appearing at the mid-skill levels.“The gap is between the jobs that take no skills and those that require a lot of skill,” says Rob Spohr, a bu siness professor at Montcalm Community College. “There’re enough people to fill the jobs at McDonalds and other places where you don’t need to have much skill. It’s that gap in between, and that’s where the problem is.”Julie Parks of Grand Rapids Community College points to another key to luring Millennials into manufacturing: a work/life balance. While their parents were content to work long hours, young people value flexibility. “Overtime is not attractive to this generation. They really want to live th eir lives,” she says.Section III Translation46.DirectionsTranslate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)My dream has always been to work somewhere in an area between fashion and publishing. Two years before graduating from secondary school, I took a sewing and design course thinking that I would move on to a fashion design course. However, during that course I realized I was not good enough in this area to compete with other creative personalities in the future, so I decided that it was not the right path for me. Before applying for university I told everyone that I would study journalism, because writing was, and still is, one of my favourite activities. But, to be honest, I said it, because I thought that fashion and me together was just a dream – I knew that no one could imagine me in the fashion industry at all! So I decided to look for some fashion-related courses that included writing. This is when I noticed the course “Fashion Media & Promo tion.”Section IV WritingPart A47.Directions:Suppose you are invited by Professor Williams to give a presentation about Chinese culture to a group of international students. Write a reply to1)accept the invitation, and2)introduce the key points of your presentation.You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name. Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write your address. (10 points)Part B48.Directions:Write an essay based on the chart below. In your writing, you should1)interpret the chart, and2)give your comments.You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)2017年考研英语二真题答案Section ⅠUse of English1.C2.A3.D4.A5.B6.B7.C8.A9.D 10.C 11.C 12.B 13.A 14.D 15.C 16.D 17.A 18.B 19.D 20.BSection ⅡReading ComprehensionPart AText 1 21~25 A B C D B Text 2 26~30 B D D C AText 3 31~35 C D A D A Text 4 36~40 B D C D BPart B41.E 42.A 43.G 44.B 45.FPart C46.我的梦想一直是在时尚和出版之间的领域工作。

2017考研英语二新旧大纲变化对比表2017考研大纲已经发布。

现在值得注意的是对于大纲的变化以及之后该怎么安排有效的复习。

为了帮助各位同学进行后期的复习，凯程考研的辅导老师们对此进行了详细讲解，帮助同学们了解大纲变化，并且做好后期的复习规划，让复习变得清晰明朗。

2017年与2016年考研英语(二)大纲变化对比表内容题型2017年大纲要求2016年大纲要求大纲变化复习建议词汇考生应能较熟练地掌握5 500个左右常用英语词汇以及相关常用词组(详见附录相关部分)。

考生应能根据具体语境、句子结构或上下文理解一些非常用词的词义。

考生应能较熟练地掌握5500个左右常用英语词汇以及相关常用词组(详见附录相关部分)。

考生应能根据具体语境、句子结构或上下文理解一些非常用词的词义。

有变化词汇是整个考研英语复习的根基，单词复习的成效直接决定了考研英语的复习效果，所以要求考生保质保量地掌握考纲所要求的5 500个左右常用英语词汇及相关常用词组。

建议各位考生按照既定的复习思路备考。

考生需要特别注意的是，要结合具体语境和上下文理解记忆单词，往往会收到事半功倍的效果。

语法考生应能熟练地运用基本的语法知识，其中包括：(1)名词、代词的数和格的构成及其用法；(2)动词时态、语态的构成及其用法；(3)形容词与副词的比较级和最高级的构成及其用法；(4)常用连接词的词义及其用法；考生应能熟练地运用基本的语法知识，其中包括：(1)名词、代词的数和格的构成及其用法；(2)动词时态、语态的构成及其用法；(3)形容词与副词的比较级和最高级的构成及其用法；(4)常用连接词的词义及其用法；(5)非谓语动词(不定式、动名词、分词)的构成及其用没有变化语法同词汇一样是英语学习的基础。

建议考生根据大纲中所列出的要求考生掌握的语法点，有针对性地复习，及时查漏补缺，从而能够又快又好地理解阅读和翻译中的长难句，写作时也能写出符合语法规范的句子。

此外，单词和语法这些语言知识是为试卷中的各个题型服务的，复习时千万不要孤立(5)非谓语动词(不定式、动名词、分词)的构成及其用法；(6)虚拟语气的构成及其用法；(7)各类从句(定语从句、主语从句、表语从句等)及强调句型的结构及其用法；(8)倒装句、插入语的结构及其用法。

2017英语二考试大纲2017年英语二考试大纲主要针对的是中国大陆地区高等教育自学考试中的英语科目，它为考生提供了考试内容、形式、题型和评分标准等方面的指导。

以下是2017年英语二考试大纲的主要内容概述：一、考试目的与要求英语二考试旨在测试考生的英语语言运用能力，包括听、说、读、写、译等方面。

考生应具备以下能力：- 理解英语口语和书面表达的基本含义。

- 能够使用英语进行日常交流。

- 能够阅读和理解英语文章，包括专业文献。

- 能够进行简单的英语写作和翻译。

二、考试内容1. 听力理解：测试考生对英语口语材料的理解能力，包括对话、短文等。

2. 词汇与语法：测试考生的词汇量和对英语语法规则的掌握。

3. 阅读理解：测试考生对英语文章的理解能力，包括快速阅读和深入理解。

4. 写作：测试考生的英语写作能力，包括应用文写作和论述文写作。

5. 翻译：测试考生的英汉互译能力。

三、考试形式1. 听力部分：采用录音播放的方式，考生需根据听到的内容回答问题。

2. 笔试部分：包括选择题、填空题、阅读理解题、写作题和翻译题。

四、题型及分值1. 听力理解（约20%）：选择题、填空题。

2. 词汇与语法（约15%）：选择题、填空题。

3. 阅读理解（约30%）：选择题、简答题。

4. 写作（约20%）：应用文写作、论述文写作。

5. 翻译（约15%）：英译汉、汉译英。

五、考试时间与分数考试总时长为120分钟，满分为100分。

六、评分标准1. 听力理解：根据考生对问题的回答准确性评分。

2. 词汇与语法：根据考生对词汇和语法点的掌握程度评分。

3. 阅读理解：根据考生对文章内容的理解及回答的准确性评分。

4. 写作：根据文章的组织结构、语言运用和内容的准确性评分。

5. 翻译：根据翻译的准确性、流畅性和语言的地道性评分。

七、备考建议1. 加强听力训练，多听英语原声材料。

2. 扩大词汇量，熟悉常用语法结构。

3. 提高阅读速度和理解能力，练习不同类型的阅读材料。

2017年考研英语（二）真题及答案详解作者：凯程陆老师，有问题找我SectionI Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)People have speculated for centuries about a future without work.Today is no different,with academics,writers,and activists once again1that technology be replacing human workers.Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by2.A few wealthy people will own all the capital,and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland.A different and not mutually exclusive3holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort, one4by purposelessness:Without jobs to give their lives5,people will simply become lazy and depressed.6,today’s unemployed don’t seem to be havinga great time.One Gallup poll found that20percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression,double the rate for7Americans.Also,some research suggests that the8for rising rates of mortality,mental-health problems,and addicting9poorly-educated middle-aged people is shortage of well-paid jobs.Perhaps this is why many10the agonizing dullness of a jobless future. But it doesn’t11follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with unease.Such visions are based on the12of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment.In the13of work,a society designed with other ends in mind could14strikingly different circumstanced for the future of labor and leisure.Today,the15of work may be a bit overblown.“Many jobs are boring,degrading,unhealthy,and a waste of human potential,”says John Danaher,a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway.These days,because leisure time is relatively16for most workers,people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional17of their jobs.“When I come home from a hard day’s work,I often feel18,”Danaher says,adding,“In a world in which I don’t have to work, I might feel rather different”—perhaps different enough to throw himself19a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for20matters.1．[A]boasting[B]denying[C]warning[D]ensuring【答案】[C]warning2．[A]inequality[B]instability[C]unreliability[D]uncertainty【答案】[A]inequality3．[A]policy[B]guideline[C]resolution[D]prediction【答案】[D]prediction4．[A]characterized[B]divided[C]balanced[D]measured【答案】[A]characterized5．[A]wisdom[B]meaning[C]glory[D]freedom【答案】[B]meaning6．[A]Instead[B]Indeed[C]Thus[D]Nevertheless【答案】[B]Indeed7．[A]rich[B]urban[C]working[D]educated【答案】[C]working8．[A]explanation[B]requirement[C]compensation[D]substitute 【答案】[A]explanation9．[A]under[B]beyond[C]alongside[D]among【答案】[D]among10．[A]leave behind[B]make up[C]worry about[D]set aside【答案】[C]worry about11．[A]statistically[B]occasionally[C]necessarily[D]economically 【答案】[C]necessarily12．[A]chances[B]downsides[C]benefits[D]principles【答案】[B]downsides13．[A]absence[B]height[C]face[D]course【答案】[A]absence14．[A]disturb[B]restore[C]exclude[D]yield【答案】[D]yield15．[A]model[B]practice[C]virtue[D]hardship【答案】[C]virtue16．[A]tricky[B]lengthy[C]mysterious[D]scarce【答案】[D]scarce17．[A]demands[B]standards[C]qualities[D]threats【答案】[A]demands18．[A]ignored[B]tired[C]confused[D]starved【答案】[B]tired19．[A]off[B]against[C]behind[D]into【答案】[D]into20．[A]technological[B]professional[C]educational[D]interpersonal【答案】[B]professionalSectionIIReading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40points)Text1Every Saturday morning,at9am,more than50,000runners set off to run5km around their local park.The Parkrun phenomenon began with a dozen friends and has inspired400events in the UKand more abroad.Events are free,staffed by thousands of volunteers.Runners range from four years old to grandparents;their times range from Andrew Baddeley’s world record13minutes48 seconds up to an hour.Parkrun is succeeding where London’s Olympic“legacy”is failing.Ten years ago on Monday, it was announced that the Games of the30th Olympiad would be in London.Planning documents pledged that the great legacy of the Games would be to level a nation of sport lovers away from their couches.The population would be fitter,healthier and produce more winners.It has not happened.The number of adults doing weekly sport did rise,by nearly2million in the run—up to 2012—but the general population was growing faster.Worse,the numbers are now falling at an accelerating rate.The opposition claims primary school pupils doing at least two hours of sport a week have nearly halved.Obesity has risen among adults and children.Official retrospections continue as to why London2012failed to“inspire a generation.”The success of Parkrun offers answers.Parkun is not a race but a time trial:Your only competitor is the clock.The ethos welcomes anybody.There is as much joy over a puffed-out first-timer being clapped over the line as there is about top talent shining.The Olympic bidders,by contrast,wanted to get more people doing sports and to produce more elite athletes.The dual aim was mixed up:The stress on success over taking part was intimidating for newcomers.Indeed,there is something a little absurd in the state getting involved in the planning of such a fundamentally“grassroots”,concept as community sports associations.If there is a role for government,it should really be getting involved in providing common goods—making sure there is space for playing fields and the money to pave tennis and netball courts,and encouraging the provision of all these activities in schools.But successive governments have presided over selling green spaces,squeezing money from local authorities and declining attention on sport in education. Instead of wordy,worthy strategies,future governments need to do more to provide the conditions for sport to thrive.Or at least not make them worse.21.According to Paragraph1,Parkrun has.[A]gained great popularity[B]created many jobs[C]strengthened community ties[D]become an official festival【答案】[A]gained great popularity22.The author believes that London’s Olympic“legacy”has failed to.[A]boost population growth[B]promote sport participation[C]improve the city’s image[D]increase sport hours in schools【答案】[B]promote sport participation23.Parkrun is different from Olympic games in that it.[A]aims at discovering talents[B]focuses on mass competition[C]does not emphasize elitism[D]does not attract first-timers【答案】[C]does not emphasize elitism24.With regard to mass sport,the author holds that governments should.[A]organize“grassroots”sports events[B]supervise local sports associations[C]increase funds for sports clubs[D]invest in public sports facilities【答案】[D]invest in public sports facilities25.The author’s attitude to what UK governments have done for sports is.[A]tolerant[B]critical[C]uncertain[D]sympathetic【答案】[B]criticalText2With so much focus on children’s use of screens,it’s easy for parents to forget about their own screen use.“Tech is designed to really suck on you in,”says Jenny Radesky in her study of digital play,“and digital products are there to promote maximal engagement.It makes it hard to disengage,and leads to a lot of bleed-over into the family routine.”Radesky has studied the use of mobile phones and tablets at mealtimes by giving mother-child pairs a food-testing exercise.She found that mothers who sued devices during the exercise started 20percent fewer verbal and39percent fewer nonverbal interactions with their children.During a separate observation,she saw that phones became a source of tension in the family.Parents would be looking at their emails while the children would be making excited bids for their attention. Infants are wired to look at parents’faces to try to understand their world,and if those faces are blank and unresponsive—as they often are when absorbed in a device—it can be extremely disconcerting foe the children.Radesky cites the“still face experiment”devised by developmental psychologist Ed Tronick in the1970s.In it,a mother is asked to interact with her child in a normal way before putting on a blank expression and not giving them any visual social feedback;The child becomes increasingly distressed as she tries to capture her mother’s attention.“Parents don’t have to be exquisitely parents at all times,but there needs to be a balance and parents need to be responsive and sensitive to a child’s verbal or nonverbal expressions of an emotional need,”says Radesky.On the other hand,Tronick himself is concerned that the worries about kids’use of screens are born out of an“oppressive ideology that demands that parents should always be interacting”with their children:“It’s based on a somewhat fantasized,very white,very upper-middle-class ideology that says if you’re failing to expose your child to30,000words you are neglecting them.”Tronick believes that just because a child isn’t learning from the screen doesn’t mean there’s no value to it—particularly if it gives parents time to have a shower,do housework or simply have a break from their child.Parents,he says,can get a lot out of using their devices to speak to a friend or get some work out of the way.This can make them feel happier,which lets then be more available to their child the rest of the time.26.According to Jenny Radesky,digital products are designed to______.[A]simplify routine matters[B]absorb user attention[C]better interpersonal relations[D]increase work efficiency【答案】[B]absorb user attention27.Radesky’s food-testing exercise shows that mothers’use of devices______.[A]takes away babies’appetite[B]distracts children’s attention[C]slows down babies’verbal development[D]reduces mother-child communication【答案】[D]reduces mother-child communication28.Radesky’s cites the“still face experiment”to show that_______.[A]it is easy for children to get used to blank expressions[B]verbal expressions are unnecessary for emotional exchange[C]children are insensitive to changes in their parents’mood[D]parents need to respond to children’s emotional needs【答案】[D]parents need to respond to children’s emotional needs29.The oppressive ideology mentioned by Tronick requires parents to_______.[A]protect kids from exposure to wild fantasies[B]teach their kids at least30,000words a year[C]ensure constant interaction with their children[D]remain concerned about kid’s use of screens【答案】[C]ensure constant interaction with their children30.According to Tronick,kid’s use of screens may_______.[A]give their parents some free time[B]make their parents more creative[C]help them with their homework[D]help them become more attentive【答案】[A]give their parents some free timeText3Today,widespread social pressure to immediately go to college in conjunction with increasingly high expectations in a fast-moving world often causes students to completely overlook the possibility of taking a gap year.After all,if everyone you know is going to college in the fall,it seems silly to stay back a year,doesn’t it?And after going to school for12years,it doesn’t feel natural to spend a year doing something that isn’t academic.But while this may be true,it’s not a good enough reason to condemn gap years.There’s always a constant fear of falling behind everyone else on the socially perpetuated“race to the finish line,”whether that be toward graduate school,medical school or lucrative career.But despite common misconceptions,a gap year does not hinder the success of academic pursuits—in fact,it probably enhances it.Studies from the United States and Australia show that students who take a gap year are generally better prepared for and perform better in college than those who do not.Rather than pulling students back,a gap year pushes them ahead by preparing them for independence,new responsibilities and environmental changes—all things that first-year students often struggle with the most.Gap year experiences can lessen the blow when it comes to adjusting to college and being thrown into a brand new environment,making it easier to focus on academics and activities rather than acclimationblunders.If you’re not convinced of the inherent value in taking a year off to explore interests,then consider its financial impact on future academic choices.According to the National Center for Education Statistics,nearly80percent of college students end up changing their majors at least once.This isn’t surprising,considering the basic mandatory high school curriculum leaves students with a poor understanding of themselves listing one major on their college applications, but switching to another after taking college classes.It’s not necessarily a bad thing,but depending on the school,it can be costly to make up credits after switching too late in the game. At Boston College,for example,you would have to complete an extra year were you to switch to the nursing school from another department.Taking a gap year to figure things out initially can help prevent stress and save money later on.31.One of the reasons for high-school graduates not taking a gap year is that.[A]they think it academically misleading[B]they have a lot of fun to expect in college[C]it feels strange to do differently from others[D]it seems worthless to take off-campus courses【答案】[C]it feels strange to do differently from others32.Studies from the US and Australia imply that taking a gap year helps.[A]keep students from being unrealistic[B]lower risks in choosing careers[C]ease freshmen’s financial burdens[D]relieve freshmen of pressures【答案】[D]relieve freshmen of pressures33.The word“acclimation”(Line8,Para.3)is closest in meaning to.[A]adaptation[B]application[C]motivation[D]competition【答案】[A]adaptation34.A gap year may save money for students by helping them.[A]avoid academic failures[B]establish long-term goals[C]switch to another college[D]decide on the right major【答案】[D]decide on the right major35.The most suitable title for this text would be.[A]In Favor of the Gap Year[B]The ABCs of the Gap Year[C]The Gap Year Comes Back[D]The Gap Year:A Dilemma【答案】[A]In Favor of the Gap YearText4Though often viewed as a problem for western states,the growing frequency of wildfires is a national concern because of its impact on federal tax dollars,says Professor Max Moritz,a specialist in fire ecology and management.In2015,the US Forest Service for the first time spent more than half of its$5.5billion annual budget fighting fires—nearly double the percentage it spent on such efforts20years ago.In effect, fewer federal funds today are going towards the agency’s other work—such as forest conservation, watershed and cultural resources management,and infrastructure upkeep—that affect the lives of all Americans.Another nationwide concern is whether public funds from other agencies are going into construction in fire-prone districts.As Moritz puts it,how often are federal dollars building homes that are likely to be lost to a wildfire?“It’s already a huge problem from a public expenditure perspective for the whole country,”he says.”We need to take a magnifying glass to that.Like,“Wait a minute,is this OK?”“Do we want instead to redirect those funds to concentrate on lower-hazard parts of the landscape?”Such a view would require a corresponding shift in the way US society today views fire, researchers say.For one thing,conversations about wildfires need to be more inclusive.Over the past decade,the focus has been on climate change—how the warming of the Earth from greenhouse gases is leading to conditions that worsen fires.While climate is a key element,Moritz says,it shouldn’t come at the expense of the rest of the equation.“The human systems and the landscapes we live on are linked,and the interactions go both ways,”he says.Failing to recognize that,he notes,leads to“an overly simplified view of whatthe solutions might be.Our perception of the problem and of what the solution is becomes very limited.”At the same time,people continue to treat fire as an event that needs to be wholly controlled and unleashed only out of necessity,says Professor Balch at the University of Colorado.But acknowledging fire’s inevitable presence in human life is an attitude crucial to developing the laws,policies,and practices that make it as safe as possible,she says.“We’ve disconnected ourselves from living with fire,”Balch says.“It is really important to understand and try and tease out what is the human connection with fire today.”36.More frequent wildfires have become a national concern because in2015they.[A]exhausted unprecedented management efforts[B]consumed a record-high percentage of budget[C]severely damaged the ecology of western states[D]caused a huge rise of infrastructure expenditure【答案】[B]consumed a record-high percentage of budget37.Moritz calls for the use of“a magnifying glass”to.[A]raise more funds for fire-prone areas[B]avoid the redirection of federal money[C]find wildfire-free parts of the landscape[D]guarantee safer spending of public funds【答案】[D]guarantee safer spending of public funds38.While admitting that climate is a key element,Moritz notes that.[A]public debates have not settled yet[B]fire-fighting conditions are improving[C]other factors should not be overlooked[D]a shift in the view of fire has taken place【答案】[C]other factors should not be overlooked39.The overly simplified view Moritz mentions is a result of failing to.[A]discover the fundamental makeup of nature[B]explore the mechanism of the human systems[C]maximize the role of landscape in human life[D]understand the interrelations of man and nature【答案】[D]understand the interrelations of man and nature40.Professor Balch points out that fire is something man should.[A]do away with[B]come to terms with[C]pay a price for[D]keep away from【答案】[B]come to terms withPart BDirections:Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right column.There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)The decline in American manufacturing is a common refrain,particularly from Donald Trump.“We don’t make anything anymore,”he told Fox News,while defending his own made-in-Mexico clothing line.Without question,manufacturing has taken a significant hit during recent decades,and further trade deals raise questions about whether new shocks could hit manufacturing.But there is also a different way to look at the data.Across the country,factory owners are now grappling with a new challenge:instead of having too many workers,they may end up with too few.Despite trade competition and outsourcing, American manufacturing still needs to replace tens of thousands of retiring boomers every years. Millennials may not be that interested in taking their place,other industries are recruiting them with similar or better pay.For factory owners,it all adds up to stiff competition for workers—and upward pressure on wages.“They’re harder to find and they have job offers,”says Jay Dunwell,president of Wolverine Coil Spring,a family-owned firm,“They may be coming[into the workforce],but they’ve been plucked by other industries that are also doing an well as manufacturing,”Mr.Dunwell has begun bringing high school juniors to the factory so they can get exposed to its culture.At RoMan Manufacturing,a maker of electrical transformers and welding equipment that his father cofounded in1980,Robert Roth keep a close eye on the age of his nearly200workers,five are retiring this year.Mr.Roth has three community-college students enrolled in a work-placement program,with a starting wage of$13an hour that rises to$17after two years.At a worktable inside the transformer plant,young Jason Stenquist looks flustered by the copper coils he’s trying to assemble and the arrival of two visitors.It’s his first week on the job.Asked about his choice of career,he says at high school he considered medical school before switching to electrical engineering.“I love working with tools.I love creating.”he says.But to win over these young workers,manufacturers have to clear another major hurdle:parents, who lived through the worst US economic downturn since the Great Depression,telling them to avoid the lennials“remember their father and mother both were laid off.They blame it on the manufacturing recession,”says Birgit Klohs,chief executive of The Right Place,a business development agency for western Michigan.These concerns aren’t misplaced:Employment in manufacturing has fallen from17million in 1970to12million in2013.When the recovery began,worker shortages first appeared in the high-skilled trades.Now shortages are appearing at the mid-skill levels.“The gap is between the jobs that take to skills and those that require a lot of skill,”says Rob Spohr,a business professor at Montcalm Community College.“There’re enough people to fill the jobs at McDonalds and other places where you don’t need to have much skill.It’s that gap in between,and that’s where the problem is.”Julie Parks of Grand Rapids Community points to another key to luring Millennials into manufacturing:a work/life balance.While their parents were content to work long hours,young people value flexibility.“Overtime is not attractive to this generation.They really want to live their lives,”she says.【答案】41[E]says that for factory owners,workers are harder to find because of stiff competition.42[A]says that he switched to electrical engineering because he loves working with tools.43[G]says that the manufacturing recession is to blame for the lay-off the young people’s parents.44[B]points out that there are enough people to fill the jobs that don’t need much skill45[F]points out that a work/life balance can attract young people into manufacturingSection IIITranslation46.Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese.Write your translation neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.(15points)My dream has always been to work somewhere in an area between fashion and publishing.Two years before graduating from secondary school,I took a sewing and design course thinking that I would move on to a fashion design course.However,during that course I realized I was not good enough in this area to compete with other creative personalities in the future,so I decided that it was not the right path for me.Before applying for university I told everyone that I would study journalism,because writing was,and still is,one of my favourite activities.But,to be honest,I said it,because I thought that fashion and me together was just a dream—I knew that no one could imagine me in the fashion industry at all!So I decided to look for some fashion-related courses that included writing.This is when I noticed the course“Fashion Media&Promotion.”【参考译文】我一直梦想着能找到一个结合时尚与出版的工作。

Born to win1 2017年考研英语大纲继续保持连续性和稳定性2017年的考研英语大纲在8月26日新鲜出炉，和2016年的考研英语大纲对比，未进行任何调整和变化。


1.考试性质和分类未变化
考研英语依然分为英语（一）和英语（二）两种类别，两种类别在考试性
质上依然延续了2016的规定。

英语（一）为面向招收硕士研究生而设置、英语（二）为面向招收专业学位硕士研究生而设置。

2.考试内容无变化
不论是英语（一）还是英语（二）的试卷题型结构及各题型的分值上均与
去年完全一致。

英语（一）总计52道题目、英语（二）总计48道题目。

3.考查能力无变化
英语（一）和英语（二）在语言知识和语言技能的考查要求上和去年完全一致。

具体而言、词汇考查的数量及词条未进行调整、语法知识点的考查形式和考点无变化、阅读技能及写作技能的考查角度和要求无变化。


基于上述分析，可见今年的考纲与2016年保持了连续性和稳定性。

既然考纲无变化，广大考生更加关注的是2017的考题在命题趋势上有无新的走向及接下来的备考重点上是否需要进行调整。

鉴于此，对同学们的建议是，考纲无变化、2017年试题的命题特点也不会进行调整，试题难度也不会下降，对于英语项目同学们依然要高度重视。

在透彻研究真题中，切实掌握各类题型的解题技巧。

完型以提升在语境中理解单词、熟知单词的用法为重。

阅读部分以掌握读懂文章的技巧、正确选项设置特点和规律为重。

翻译以理解句子结构、学会确定词义和符合汉语习惯的调整语序为重。

写作在考前一个月要重点发力，要以积累亮点词、通用句型表达为重，同时在考前要熟知热点话题并加以训练。


相信各位考生在接下来的复习中，统筹安排英语复习、提高学习效率，注意学习方法，定能夺取2017考研英语的全面胜利！文章来源：跨考教育。

凯程考研集训营，为学生引路，为学员服务！第 1 页 共 1 页 2017年考研英语二考纲解读：难度低于英语一历年研究生考试英语只有一套全国统一出题的卷子“201英语”，而今年在官方文件上突然出现了“204英语二”，这让很多考生摸不着头脑。

最近考研英语二大纲终于出来了。

日前教育部考试中心终于公布了全国研究生入学考试考研英语二的考试大纲，大家对英语二期待了比较长的时间。

八月底刚公布英语一新大纲的时候，我们第一次知道考研英语可能会分成英语一和英语二，大家就比较期待看英语二的变化。

最近考研英语二大纲终于出来了，同时大纲最后附了英语二的样题。

我要强调的是，现在是各位考生在进行考研网上初步报名阶段，考生在这个阶段了解自己要考试的英语科目特点非常重要。

什么是考研英语二英语二是新出现的一套考研英语试卷，它与历年考研试卷有所不同，它针对的对象是一些报考特别专业学位硕士的学生，由教育部考试中心组织专家研究命题，在考研统考中使用。

也就是说，英语一和英语二在研究生考试中将同时使用。

那么考研英语二主要针对哪些考生呢。

弄清这个问题，大家要先弄清楚自己所考的硕士类别。

近几年国家研究生教育在进行改革，改革方向是将硕士分为两种：一种是学术性研究生，偏重学术方面，还有一种称为专业学位研究生，偏重培养高级管理人才或专门人才，如职业经理人、会计师、工程师等等。

这种分法在国外教育体制中体现得很明显，典型的如英国。

我们国家以后研究生培养方向将和国际接轨，分为这两种类别。

学术性研究生要继续考英语一，而一部分考专业学位的研究生将首次遭遇考研英语二。

国家教育部有详尽规定说明，目前我国专业学位研究生包括19种，如体育硕士、汉语国际教育硕士、翻译硕士等。

大家要注意这19种专业学位硕士不是都要考英语二，其中一些专业学位硕士基本上是不会考英语二的，比如法律硕士。

而有一些是要考英语二的，比如MBA 、MPA 等。

具体来说，如何确定自己考英语一还是英语二呢。

解读2017考研英语大纲：规划后期复习重点准备参加2017年考研的同学们，今天英语、数学、政治的大纲已经出来了。

针对英语的大纲来聊聊。

在体会英语大纲的基本不变的同时，找到不变中的变化。

变在两点：（一）英语一：考试内容和考试要求无变化；样题完型由2012真题更换为2013年真题、新题型备考题型之一“七选五”部分更换为2013年真题。

（二）英语二：考试内容和考试要求无变化；样题完型由2012真题更换为2013年真题、新题型备考题型之一“小标题”部分更换为2013年真题。

有同学问“老师这些变化都预示着些什么？我们如何应对？”文都在全国分校近三百多家，经过暑假这一圈讲课下来，我发现现阶段大家遇到的问题不在解题和技巧上。

因为你只要认真的听下来文都的课，你一定会掌握最有效的考试方法。

大家更多的是“词汇的问题，基础的问题”。

也就是说，明明知道按照这个方法去做，会做出题来。

但是问题就是这句话里的结构搞不清楚，词汇不认识，句子不理解，导致了丢分。

随着这次新大纲出来，我们首先是要把心静下来。

英语大纲并无实质性的变化。

我们可以按照暑期班上所讲的方法来复习。

但是同时，加重在基础方面的学习。

在时间这么短，离考试这么近的时间里，我建议大家，尤其是基础不是特别理想的同学，你与其把时间都分散在大量的各种各样的资料上，你还不如把时间都聚焦在一本资料上。

也就是毛主席所讲的“伤其十指，不如断其一指”。

那么，你应该聚焦在哪本资料上呢？答：历年真题。

建议大家考英语一的同学把近十年的真题（05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15年的真题），英语二的同学是10 11 12 13 14 15年这六年的真题里面的完型阅读新题型翻译，每一篇文章做到以下的三个标准：1、词汇的标准：当你拿到英语真题这十年的文章，除了人名、地名以外，你应该是没有一个生词的。

当你做到这一点的话，你的词汇量复习范围就解决了。

因为从近十年的真题来看，历年真题里的词汇包括了考试大纲中要求的80%的词汇。

2017考研大纲：2017考研英语（二）大纲完整版2017英语考研大纲已出，下文是查查吧网站整理的英语二考研大纲完整版原文，广大考生可参考。

I. 考试性质英语(二)考试主要是为高等院校和科研院所招收专业学位硕士研究生而设置的具有选拔性质的全国统一入学考试科目。

其目的是科学、公平、有效地测试考生对英语语言的运用能力，评价的标准是高等学校非英语专业本科毕业生所能达到的及格或及格以上水平，以保证被录取者具有一定的英语水平，并有利于各高等学校和科研院所在专业上择优选拔。

II .考查内容考生应掌握下列语言知识和技能：(一)语言知识1. 语法知识考生应能熟练地运用基本的语法知识，其中包括：(1)名词、代词的数和格的构成及其用法;(2)动词时态、语态的构成及其用法;(3)形容词与副词的比较级和最高级的构成及其用法;(4)常用连接词的词义及其用法;(5)非谓语动词(不定式、动名词、分词)的构成及其用法;(6)虚拟语气的构成及其用法;(7)各类从句(定语从句、主语从句、表语从句等)及强调句型的结构及其用法;(8)倒装句、插入语的结构及其用法。

2. 词汇考生应能较熟练地掌握5 500个左右常用英语词汇以及相关常用词组(详见附录相关部分)。

考生应能根据具体语境、句子结构或上下文理解一些非常用词的词义。

(二)语言技能1. 阅读考生应能读懂不同题材和体裁的文字材料。

题材包括经济、管理、社会、文化、科普等，体裁包括说明文、议论文和记叙文等。

根据阅读材料，考生应能：(1)理解主旨要义;(2)理解文中的具体信息;(3)理解语篇的结构和上下文的逻辑关系;(4)根据上下文推断重要生词或词组的含义;(5)进行一定的判断和推理;(6)理解作者的意图、观点或态度。

2. 写作考生应能根据所给的提纲、情景或要求完成相应的短文写作。

短文应中心思想明确、切中题意、结构清晰、条理清楚、用词恰当、无明显语言错误。

III. 考试形式、考试内容与试卷结构(一)考试形式考试形式为笔试。