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陕西师范大学网络教育《语言学概论》期中作业语言学概论》期中作业第一章绪论一、名词解释（20分）语言是人类最重要的交际工具，是人们进行沟通交流的各种表达符号。
人们借助语言保存和传递人类文明的成果。
语言是民族的重要特征之一。
言语是对语言的运用，它有两个意思：一是指人的说和写的过程，是人的一种行为，叫言语活动，也叫言语行为；二是指人说出来的话，写出来的东西，也叫言语作品。
小学是中国传统的语文学，围绕阐释和解读先秦典籍来展开研究，从而诞生了分析字形的文字学、研究字音的音韵学、解释字义的训诂学，因此又被人们称为经学的附庸。
历史比较语言学是语言研究的一种方法，集中研究语言在较长历史时期中所经历的变化。
结构语言学是语言学的重要流派之一。
兴起于20世纪30年代的欧洲，基本理论源出于索绪尔的《普通语言学教程》，反对对语言现象进行孤立的分析，主张系统的研究。
转换生成语言学的创始人是美国语言学家诺姆-乔姆斯基。
转换生成语言学的研究对象是语言能力而不是语言行为。
二、语言学研究的对象与任务所谓语言，是一种特殊的社会现象，是人类最重要的交际工具和必不可少的思维工具，是音义结合的符号系统。
语言学则是指研究语言的科学，以语言为研究对象。
语言是人人都会而且随时要运用的东西，但并不是每个人都通晓语言学。
语言学的基本任务是研究语言的规律（包括结构规律和演变规律），使人们懂得关于语言的理性知识，以提高研究语言的效率和使用语言的水平。
因为我们每天都在使用语言，但未必人人都能对语言现象做出科学解释，一般人只有感性知识。
三、简论历史比较语言学以前的语言研究传统语言学包括古希腊语言学。
有文字记载的语言研究可以追溯到两千多年前的古希腊。
值得一提的是，战国末期的荀况（公元前335—25年）与第二场论战与第一场论战有着密切的联系。
早期的希腊学者对语言的研究主要侧重于词源学、语音。
柏拉图的学生亚里斯多德（公元前384—322年）是古希腊语言学的代表人物。
第 1 页 共 20 页《语法》作业（一）I. elect one answer from the choices provided after each sentence. The word you choose should fit the blank in the sentence:1. Fifteen miles (seems, seem) like a long walk to me.2. Either my brothers or my father (is, are) coming.3. The rest of the novel (is, are) very interesting.4. Our family (is, are) a happy one.15. It was reported that six (was, were) including a boy.6. Between the two buildings (stands, stand) a monument.7. Every boy and every girl in this room (is, are) entitled to a copy.8. Few of my family really (understands, understand) me.9. What caused the accident and who was responsible for it (remains, remain) a mystery to us.10. I, who (is, am) your good friend, will share your joys and sorrows.11. There are two roads and either (leads, lead) to the station.12. The whole class (was, were) greatly moved at his words.13. The wounded (is, are) being taken good care of here now.14. The police (is, are) searching for a prisoner.15. The United Nations (was, were) founded in 1945.16. All that can be eaten (has, have) been eaten up.17. Nothing but cars (is, are) sold in the shop.18. His brother, rather than his parents, (is, are) to blame.19. There (comes, come) the three noisy children from next door.20. The boy sitting by the window is the only one of the students who (is, are) from the countryside in our school.21. He suffers from diabetes, which (is, are) a kind of chronic disease.22. My father, together with some of his old friends, (has, have) been there already.23. Those who (enjoys, enjoy) singing may join us.24. Many a student (has made, have made) that mistake before.25. Deer (runs, run) faster than dogs.26. No one except Jack and Tom (knows, know) the answer.27. Half of the material (has, have) been taken away.28. More than one student (has, have) failed the exam.29. Because there (is, are) so many students in that class, I can sometimes sleep in the back row.30. Some of the water (has, have) already gone bad.31. My family as well as I (am, are) glad to see you.第 2 页 共 20 页32. Twenty miles (is, are) a long way to cover.33. Over 80 percent of the population (is, are) workers.34. Politics (is, are) one of the subjects that I study.35. There (is, are) priceless jeweler on display at the exhibition hall.36. Each of the footballers (weighs, weigh) over 150 pounds.37. Measles (is, are) an infectious disease.38. Each man and each woman there (is, are) asked to help.39. At the foot of the mountain (was, were) two enormous vineyards, both owned by the same woman.40. Neither Luis nor his parents (is, are) the least bit interested in keeping in touch with her. 41The United Nations (was, were) formed in San Francisco in 1945.42The government (is, are) doing its best to boost production.43That family (is, are) a very happy one.44The football team (is, are) having baths and then coming back here for tea.45A lot of machinery (was, were) imported from abroad.46The public (was, were) convinced of his innocence.47War and peace (is, are) a constant theme in history.487John, rather than his roommates, (is, are) to blame.49Many a boy (was, were) disappointed after seeing the film.50A number of pages (is, are) badly torn.51There (is, are) more than one answer to your question.52All of the fruit (looks, look) ripe.II ．Choose the best answer from the four choices given:1. Can you lend me _______ pencil so that I can finish _______ test?A. a …theB. a …aC. the …theD. the …a2. This is ________ first time that the child has seen ________ elephant.A. a …aB. a …theC. the …anD. a …an 3. When Linda was a child, her mother always let her have bed.A. the breakfast inB. the breakfast in theC. breakfast inD. breakfast in the4. ______ usually go to church every Sunday.A. The BrownB. A BrownC. BrownsD. The Browns5. The investigators found that more should be done for ________ in India.第 3 页 共 20 页A. those poorB. a poorC. poorD. the poor6. The city assigned a policeman to the school crossing because ________ traffic there was so heavy.A. aB. anC. theD. /7. I had ________ trouble with ________ car this morning.A. a …aB. /…aC. /…theD. the …the8. He has promised to give up ________ hundreds of times.A. a tobaccoB. tobaccoC. the tobaccoD. tobaccos9. The train is running fifty miles ________.A. an hourB. one hourC. the hourD. a hour10. They told me that they had ________ respect for their employer.A. aB. theC. /D. quite a11. Ann’s habit of riding a motorcycle up and down the road early in the morning annoyed the neighbors and ________ they took her to the court.A. in the endB. at the endC. in an endD. in end12. He grabbed me ________ and pulled me onto the bus.A. by an armB. an armC. the armD. by the arm13. She is wearing ________ beautiful dress her mother bought her.A. /B. aC. anD. the14. I love ________ mountains, but I hate ________ sea.A. the …theB. /…theC. /…/D. the …/15. Hundreds of people are ________ now, so there are about 50 people trying for the same position.A. out of the workB. out workC. out of workD. out of a work16. I didn ’t know why he looked angry when I patted him ________.A. on the headB. on headC. on a headD. on his head17. The DMZ extends about two hundred kilometers ________.A. from east to westB. from the east to westC. from the east to the westD. from eastern to western18. Never travel with ________ who leaves you in case of danger.A. the friendB. that friendC. a friendD. friendIII ．Put the verbs in brackets into the proper tenses:1. I wish I ________ (be) handsome.2. I ________ (see) Bill this morning, but I ________ (not see) him since.3. I __________ (know) Carl since I __________ (be) a little child.4. It’s high time we _________ (go) now.5. She ________ (see) her doctor twice a week.第 4 页 共 20 页6. The room ________ (measure) five metros by four.7. If you ________ (ask) me, I would have told you the whole story.8. If the weather ________ (be) not warm, you couldn ’t grow tobacco.9. I ________ (write) an essay since two o ’clock.10. You ________ (live) in North London, don ’t you?11. I’d rather you ________ (go) now.12. Helen ________ (tell) me you are seriously ill. Why didn’t you tell me yourself?13. I ’ll make sure that everything ________ (be) in order.14. We must take an umbrella. It ________ (rain).15. A: Do you like this silk dress?B: Yes, I do. It ________ (feel) so soft.16. I don ’t think Jim saw me; he ________ (read) a book at that moment.17. We _____ (begin) to learn English five years ago. We ____ it for five years up to now.18. Mr. Smith _______ (write) a book about China last year, but I don ’t know whether he has finished it.19. It just isn’t fair: while I __________ (work) as a waiter last month, my fri ends __________ (lie) on the beach.20. George ________ (get) up at five o’clock every day this week to prepare for his examination.21. If only I ________ (have) more money, I could buy some new clothes.22. I ________ (listen) to the radio when you ________ (ring) the bell the first time, that ’s why I ________ (not hear) you.23. There ________ (be) no hospitals in my hometown fifty years ago.24. Jane ________ (buy) a new dress every month when she was in Shanghai.25. A: I called you at seven yesterday evening, but there was no answer.B: Oh, I am sorry. I ________ (have) dinner at my friend ’s home.26. Mrs. Smith ________ (leave) her keys in the office, so she had to wait until her husband ________ (come) home.27. When the teacher came in, the students ________ (talk) about the new film.28. A: Did you see Tom at the party?B: No, he ________ (leave) by the time I got there.29. A: Don ’t forget to ask him to write to me.B: I won ’t. As soon as he ________ (come), I’ll ask him to write to you.30. While the train _______ (still move), a great many men suddenly ______ (jump) out. I _______ (think) that something terrible _______ (happen), so I ______ (run) away. 31. I ________ (know) Miss Huggins for several years. I (read) her latest novel, but I . (not finish) it yet.第 5 页 共 20 页32. When she (arrive) I (telephone) Harry. (=She arrived during my telephone call.)33. As soon as I (know), I’ll ring you up. 34. If he (study) harder, he will catch up with us soon. 35. Frank (come) to see his grandma if he (be) free tomorrow. 36. We were all surprised when he made it clear that he (leave) office soon. 37. He turned off the light and then (leave). 38. Our geography teacher told us yesterday that the earth (turn) around the sun. 39If I ________ (have) a better command of the language, I ________ (try) to translate the book into English.40Jane suggested that we ________ (do) the work in three groups.41It is quite important that we ________ (keep) all the things discussed here a secret.42I’ll keep a seat for you in case you ________ (change) your mind.43If she ________ (take) more exercises, she ________ (be) much healthier44. If she had not been ill, she ________ (not miss) so many lessons.45. I am not tired. If I were tired, I ________ (have) a rest.46. I wish I ________ (have) more spare time.47If I ________ (know) her address, I would write to her.48. You are late. If you had come a few minutes earlier, you ________ (see) our old friend Tom.49. It is time we ________ (begin) our discussion.IV ． Put into the blanks an appropriate modal auxiliary verb from the brackets:1. Although the boy is only eight years old, he ________ (must, can, may, should) speak English very well.2. This dictionary ________ (may, must, can ’t, mustn ’t) be Liu Ying ’s. Look! Her name is on the cover.3. A: Come back home every month.B: I ________ (will, must, should, can).4. A: Shall I tell Mary about it?B: No, you ________ (mustn ’t, can ’t, needn ’t, shouldn ’t). I’ve told her already.5. A: Excuse me. Will you please tell me the way to the station?B: Oh, sorry, I don ’t know. You ________ (may, must, would, should) go and ask that policeman.6. Read the text louder, please. I _____ (wouldn ’t, can ’t, needn ’t, may not) hear you.7. We _______ (may, can, should, need) keep the new traffic law and learn how to protect ourselves.8. A: May I put my bike here?B: No, you _____ (couldn ’t, needn ’t, won ’t, mustn ’t). You should put it over there.9. A: Listen! Helen is singing in the next room.第 6 页 共 20 页B: It ________ (mustn ’t, may, should, can ’t) be Helen. She has gone to Beijing.10. Peter ________ (must, may, can, will) come with us tonight, but I am not very sure.11. Cars and buses ________ (can, need, must, may) stop when the traffic lights are red.12. Johnny, you ________ (won ’t, mustn ’t, shouldn ’t, can ’t) play with the knife, or you ________ (can’t , may, must, shouldn ’t) hurt yourself.13. A: ________ (may, must, should, will) I ask you a question?B: Sure. But you ________ (can, must, could, would) wait a minute.14. The city cleaners ________ (may, can, might, have to) repeat their work many times a day during the dust-storm season.15. A: Must I come at four o ’clock?B: Oh, no, you ________ (mustn ’t, can ’t, don’t, don’t have to).16. A: Could I take this seat?B: Yes, you ________ (could, may, must, need).V ． Multiple choices:1. The house built of ________ was once used as a warehouse.A. stoneB. stonesC. a stoneD. some stones2. There is ________ on your nose.A. an eggB. the eggC. eggD. eggs3. There are trees on ________ side of the street.A. such aB. bothC. someD. each4. There ’s ________ water in the bottle.A. fewB. a number ofC. plenty ofD. any5. ________ work has to be done before the plant goes into operation.A. MuchB. DoubleC. A number ofD. Neither6. The students spent ________ their time working in the fields.A. bothB. mostC. moreD. half7. I saw ________ boys at the cinema.A. the bothB. many aC. both theD. the several8. ________ cases have been reported.A. Such fewB. Such someC. Few suchD. Some these9. A: Did you see Tom at the party?B: No, he ________ by the time I got there.A. had leftB. was leavingC. leftD. has left10. A: Do you know Miss Wang?B: Yes. I first met her two years ago. She ________ at a radio shop at that time.A. was workingB. has workedC. is workingD. had worked第 7 页 共 20 页11. A: What did Mr. Jones do before he moved here?B: He ________ a city bus for over twenty-five years.A. is drivingB. droveC. has drivenD. drives12. Hurry up! The play ______ for ten minutes.A. has been onB. has begunC. had begunD. began13. I ’m sorry to have kept you waiting.B: Oh, not at all. I ________ here only a few minutes.A. have comeB. had beenC. wasD. have been14. Do you think that the classroom ________ every day?B: Yes, I think so.A. should cleanB. should be cleaningC. should cleanedD. should be cleaned15. I wasn ’t at home yesterday. I ________ to help with the harvest on the farm.A. askedB. was askedC. was askingD. had asked16. A: May I speak to Mr. Smith?B: Sorry, he ________ Australia. But he ________ in two days.A. has been to; will come backB. has gone to; will be backC. has been in; would come backD. is leaving for; doesn ’t come back17. I haven ’t heard from Jim for a long time.B: What do you think ________ to him?A. was happeningB. to happenC. has happenedD. had happened18. I like my new bike. It ________ very well.A. ridesB. is ridingC. is riddenD. has ridden19. The old man was quite weak after the accident, so he ________.A. must be taken careB. must take care ofC. must be looked afterD. must look after 20. What a nice bike! How long you it?B. Just two weeks.A. have; boughtB. did; buyC. have; hadD. are; having21. The television . It doesn ’t work now.A. must repairB. was repairingC. must be repairedD. has repaired 22. A: Do you think this kind of apple well?B : No, I don’t think so.A. have soldB. sellsC. are soldD. would sell 23. A: Can you tell me whom the play in 1998?B: Sorry, I don ’t know.第 8 页 共 20 页A. was written byB. was writtenC. is written byD. is written 24He did it in ________ time it took me.A. the one-thirdB. half aC. the doubleD. one-third the25Are you going to buy ________ rice?A. all theseB. these allC. all thisD. both these26________ evenings he did enjoy himself very much.A. The first fewB. The few firstC. The first someD. Some the first27Why is there ________ traffic on the streets in February than in May?A. lessB. fewerC. fewD. little28There are trees on ________ side of the street.A. such aB. bothC. someD. each29There ’s ________ water in the bottle.A. fewB. a number ofC. plenty ofD. any30There must be ________ empty talk but more hard work.A. fewerB. noC. the leastD. less31The house built of ________ was once used as a warehouse.A. stoneB. stonesC. a stoneD. some stones32There is ________ on your nose.A. an eggB. the eggC. eggD. eggs33This will please ________.A. the eyesB. eyesC. the eyeD. people ’s eyes34. No sooner had the teacher left the classroom _________ the students made noises.A. rather thanB. beforeC. would ratherD. than35 No matter who _________ this game gets to play against Carret in the final.A. winsB. beatsC. winD. beat36There must be ________ empty talk but more hard work.A. fewerB. noC. the leastD. less37Are you going to buy ________ rice?第 9 页 共 20 页A. all theseB. these allC. all thisD. both these38 Either you or he _________ against traffic regulations.A. is drivingB. are drivingC. driveD. have driven39A: Did you see Tom at the party?B: No, he ________ by the time I got there.A. had leftB. was leavingC. leftD. has left40A: What a nice bike! How long ________ you ________ it?B. Just two weeks.A. have; boughtB. did; buyC. have; hadD. are; having41When I got to the cinema, the film________ for ten minutes.A. has begunB. had begunC. had been onD. was42I saw ________ boys at the cinema.A. the bothB. many aC. both theD. the several43I like my new bike. It ________ very well.A. ridesB. is ridingC. is riddenD. has ridden44A: Do you know Miss Wang?B: Yes. I first met her two years ago. She ________ at a radio shop at that time.A. was workingB. has workedC. is workingD. had worked45They paid ________ money for the machine than I expected.A. littleB. lessC. muchD. fewer46 I’d like ________ paper.A. a fewB. severalC. a bit ofD. these47 There are ________ mistakes in the paper.A. theB. a littleC. muchD. a fewVI ． Rewrite the following sentences:A. Put the following sentences into the passive voice (by phrase may be omitted):1. Someone will tell you how to prepare for the examination.2. They criticized me for something wrong that I had done.第 10 页 共 20 页3. It surprised me to hear that they wouldn't give him a holiday after his hard work.4. Someone must have turned on the light without your notice.5. They won't hold the meeting until next Friday.6. Someone has taken the stranger to another hospital.7. They have found ways to make waste water clean.8. They gave him a medal for his wonderful work.9Do you wash your clothes very often?10Must I do all the exercises on my own?11People call him Little Old Man.12He told me to wait here for him.13Tom broke the window.14Someone has left the light on.15They will look after your baby well.16You ’ll have to write out the names clearly.17We must take down the notice quickly.18People are talking about it all over the town.19How should we account for this?20Have they looked into the matter?B. Rephrase the following, using the alternative words given in brackets:1. When we reached the football ground, the game had not yet started. (before)2. We arrived at the station and then we bought the tickets. (as soon as)3. The secretary had typed three letters. I came in. (by the time)4. She only noticed it after he had pointed it out. (until)5. He answered eight advertisements. Then he got a job. (before)6. When I met George, he had not yet heard the news. (before)7. When we reached the football ground, the game had already started. (after)8. He did all his work. He went to bed. (by the time)VII ． Translate the following into English:1. 据说，他能说几种外国语。
课程目标：1. 知识目标：学生能够掌握本单元的核心词汇和句型，如job, career, salary, work-life balance等。
2. 能力目标：学生能够运用所学词汇和句型进行日常交流，描述自己的梦想职业。
3. 情感目标：激发学生对未来职业的思考和规划，培养学生积极向上的生活态度。
教学对象：陕西师范大学学科英语专业二年级学生教学时间：2课时教学重点：1. 词汇：job, career, salary, work-life balance等。
2. 句型：What's your dream job? I want to be a teacher/doctor/artist...3. 语法：一般将来时态。
教学难点：1. 学生能够正确运用一般将来时态描述自己的梦想职业。
2. 学生能够流利地进行口语交流，描述自己的职业规划。
教学准备：1. 教学课件2. 白板、粉笔3. 词汇卡片4. 任务卡教学过程：第一课时一、导入1. 教师播放一段关于职业选择的视频，引导学生思考自己的梦想职业。
2. 学生分享自己的梦想职业，教师简要点评。
二、词汇教学1. 教师展示词汇卡片，引导学生说出对应的职业名称。
2. 学生分组，每组选择一个职业，用所学词汇描述该职业。
三、句型教学1. 教师展示句型卡片，引导学生模仿句子。
2. 学生分组，每组选择一个职业，用所学句型描述该职业。
四、语法教学1. 教师讲解一般将来时态的构成和用法。
2. 学生练习一般将来时态，描述自己的梦想职业。
五、任务卡活动1. 学生根据任务卡上的要求，描述自己的梦想职业，并给出理由。
2. 教师巡视指导，纠正学生的错误。
第二课时一、复习1. 教师提问：What's your dream job? 学生回答并解释原因。
2. 教师总结本单元重点词汇和句型。
二、小组讨论1. 学生分组，讨论以下问题：a. 你的梦想职业是什么？b. 你为什么选择这个职业？c. 你认为这个职业有哪些优势和劣势？2. 每组选派一名代表分享讨论结果。
语法二I1.Wondering; going2.Getting3.Seeing4.Flying; to comeTo go; go5.Looing into6.Working7.Falling8.Saidugh10.Working11.Working; to spend12.Wanting to help13.To eat; trying14.To get15.Pretending16.Widened17.Stealing18.To hurry19.To do20.To be taught21.To put; to prevent climbing22.Needing23.Keeping; to fill; asking; to keep; making24.To remind; watering25.Allowing; to play; asking26.Signing27.Drink28.Said29.To do; looking30.To make31.Staying32.Seeing33.Spending; earning34.Being; to apologize35.Troubling36.To be brought37.Known38.Not to play39.Developing; increasing40.To drive; to walk41.Working; to spend42.To eat; trying43.Spending; earning44.Telling45.To understand46.Hearing; say; cutting47.To wait; deciding; to accept48.Working49.To mention50.To spell; being51.Allowing; to play; asking52.To get53.To murder54.Wondering; going55.To learn56.Charming57.EncouragingughingII1.Wouldn’t you2.Aren’t you3.Doesn’t he4.Need I5.Aren’t you6.Isn’t there7.Won’t it8.Didn’t they9.Wouldn’t you10.Doesn’t he11.Hasn’t he12.Aren’t you13.Need I14.Doesn’t he15.Isn’t it16.Will it17.Doesn’t he18.Don’t you19.Couldn’t we20.Isn’t it21.Won’t it22.Will you23.Won’t you24.Do they25.Wouldn’t you26.Need i27.Don’t you28.Could you29.Doesn’t she30.Won’t you31.Don’t they32.Would he33.Wasn’t he34.Doesn’t he35.Should he36.Isn’t thereIII1.In2.For3.With4.With5.Of6.For7.For8.For9.Of10.To11.In12.Of13.On14.Of15.Into16.To17.To18.About19.About20.At21.To22.In; in23.Of24.To25.In26.with27.In28.To29.To30.For31.At on of32.With33.With34.Of35.On36.About37.With38.From39.From40.From41.With42.For43.About44.In45.At46.In47.ForIVA1.It is likely that he will let you down.2.It is possible that Joneses will come to the party as well.3.It doesn’t matter very much whether they will come or not.4.It is a great pleasure to be with you here this evening.5.It would be a pity to spoil such a fine drawing.6.It is illegal to drive without a license.7.It happened to John to be the only witness.8.It seems that John won’t be coming after all.9.Do you find it is very dull to live here?10.It is not possible for me to forgive him.11.It is so kind of you to invite us.12.It looks that the park is very small.13.It seems that our plan is perfect.14.It is a mystery how he came to have such a valuable painting.15.It is regretted that you should feel obliged to resign at this point.16.I think it is a good idea to get up a petition.17.18.19.It is an old cellar with a thick flint wall beneath our house.20.It is a man who is sitting on that sofa.21.B1. Never have I found him in such a good mood.2. Hardly had he finished his work when the telephone rang.3. Only did he found out an hour ago that an accident had happened.4. Rarely do they go to school by bus.5. No longer is it necessary these days for women to spend hours of drudgery in the kitchen.6. Only because someone had given him a lift did he get to the meeting in time.7. Not for anything will I give up halfway.8. No sooner had he begun to speak than I sensed that something was wrong.9. Not at any time did he come to our school during his long stay in Shanghai.10. Only when I heard his voice trembling did I realize what trouble he was in.11. Scarcely had he got to the office when his boss wanted to see him.12. Not only did Jimmy pass the exam but got good marks for all the courses he had taken.13Only by practice can you improve your spoken English.14Seldom does she speak with foreigners.15 No sooner had the little boyseen me than he ran off.16 Only then did I realize that I was wrong.17Never have I taught such a clever student as he.18 Scarcely could he concentrate on his work because others kept disturbing him.VA1. I offered to pay his fare, who I knew was poor.2. She didn’t want to hear again the story which she had heard all before..3. I don’t like to cross the field, when I knew that the bull was bad tempered.4. Mrs. Wilson, who suddenly felt dizzy, sat down quickly.5. I had worked hard all day when I was ready for bed by eight o’clock.6. He found no one at home so that left the house in a bad temper.7. I had heard that the caves were dangerous, so I didn’t like to go any further without a light.8. The castle was burnt in the sixteenth century since when It was never built.9. At the station, we were met by a man, who was carrying a copy of the Times.10. He had spent all his money, so he decided to go home and ask his father for a job.11. He, who was exhausted by his work, threw himself on his bed.12. The men, who were working on the site, were in some danger.13I saw him, who was running for the bus.14He sat there, who was watching the men at work.15Tom felt tired, who went to bed at once.16He used chopsticks, who ate his dinner.17I stood at the gate, who was waiting for his arrival.18 since we had not got a reply from them. We became quite worried.B1. Yesterday I saw a film which was dull.2. The students, one of whom has already been brought out were trapped in a cave.3. She spoke French so rapidly that I couldn’t understand her.4. I lost my pen somewhere, which the auditorium might be.5. He had a sore throat after he had spoken for three hours.6. Because illness kept him away from school, h e didn’t get the prize. (because)7. Unless you promise to behave yourself, you shall not go to the party this afternoon. (unless)8. His mother waited up until he came home. (until)9. since I graduated from high school, I have been studying at the university. (since)10. Before I came to the United States, I had studied English in my own country. (before)11. He passed the examination although he had been prevented by illness from studying. (although)VI1. I can tell you a much funnier story than that.2. Dick’s behaviour is more courteous than Bob’s.3. Mary’s nic est of the four girls in the family.4. Both Mary and her husb will do it.5. You can r write either a thesis or a short essay on the subject.6. He likes not only the girl, but the family too.7. Mr Jones is principal of the school, and moreover he is an expert in translation.8. Since I have never met him, I can’t tell you what he lo oks like.9. Since that he awakened his mother, John slammed the door.10. Let’s start as arranged, unless it rain tomorrow.11. He is a worker as good as John.12. He is more efficient an worker than John.13. She told us to read the text carefully, so that we should write a short review of it.14. Give him an inch, and he’ll take a mile.15. The teacher is very strict with us, simply because he wants us to make rapid progress.16. Just take a look at that fellow, or you’ll get sick.17. I think Mary is the nicer of the two.18. George did more work than anyone else.19. The students are not only organizing social activities, but also interested in political questions.20. He can neither sing nor compose.21. Because all the shops have been closed, it must be very late now.22. I often take a shower, even though I prefer a bath.23. This room is three times larger than that one.24. He looked as nervous as a brick wall.25. He needs either some rest or some cold drink.26. Neither Pauline nor her husband wanted to attend the meeting.27. I have less experience in teaching than he.28. She is more friendly and diligent than any other girl in her class.29. His English is as good as his brother’s.30. Mary sings best than any other daughter in the family.31. Her sister is three years older than she.32. He doesn’t skate so well as Tom.33. Tsinghua University is one of the biggest universities in China.34. The hot weather here started much later this year than last year.35. Tim runs fastest of us all.36. They will make a further investigation on the life of the panda.37. The more you practice speaking English, the more fluently you will be able to speak it.38. Of all these machine tools you have seen, this one is the most useful.VII1.It is difficult to solve the problem.2.It is early to be dark in winter.3.Asking him doesn’t make any sense, because he knows nothing.4.If I could speak English, I would have express my ideas clearly.5.If you had taken my advice, you wouldn’t have been in such trouble now.6.I have stayed here for two days and there is nothing more to see.7.It is two miles far from the station here.8.If she had promised to come to the party, she would come certainly.9.I have been used to doing such jobs.10.My brother was the third to been received.11.It is a pity that you have misses the concert.12.If the store had packed the goods well, these goods wouldn’t have been damaged.13.I have been used to doing such jobs.14.Is it worth making such experiments?15.If she had promised to come to the party, she would come certainly.16.He seems to be very frightened.17.Even though I can afford it, I won’t buy the picture.18.You should have given her a hand.。
陕西师范大学中文本科函授作业《古代汉语基础》附答案陕西师范大学中文本科《古代汉语基础》暑假作业一、名词解释：《说文解字》：缩写《说道文》，东汉许慎著。
就是我国规存最早的字典。
全书分后汉字为540部，缔造了为部首统率汉字的字典编撰法，收字以小篆居多。
《说文解字诂林》:丁福保所编，是一部古文字学大型资料性辞书。
全书正编采集有关著作182种,汇为1036卷,总字数达一千几百万字,装订成12函66册。
书成之后,作者又仰取俯拾,编成《说文解字诂林补遗》。
《说文解字诂林》包罗宏富，博大渊深，集万卷于一体，是历代对《说文解字》注释的总汇。
《康熙字典》：张玉书、陈廷敬等编,成书于清代康熙五十五年，共收字四万七千多个。
这本字典按照部首排序，分为214部，以笔画为序，再按十二地支分后十二集，每一集分后上中下三卷。
司法院体例先注音后释义，每义惹来古书为证。
其注音使用四声法、直音法、叶音法；释义则罗列旧有说道、排序和古备注、分别义项、引例为证。
《经籍纂诂》：清代阮元编成，成书于庆历三年，就是一部专门搜集唐以前各种古书注释的字典。
在选曲上使用韵目排序法，以平水韵一百零六韵编次被释的字，每一韵为一卷。
《经传释词》：清王引之著，是一本着重研究先秦和汉代经传中虚词特殊用法的著作。
《助字辨略》：清代刘淇着，出版发行于1711年。
共收字四百七十多个。
全书按四声分卷，依韵排序。
贴近生活从先秦至元代，内容包含经传、诸子、史书、诗词、小说，资料多样。
但“助字”的分类标准不一，内部体例也不值严格。
《佩文韵府》：清代张玉书编，成书于康熙五十年，是一部按韵编排的古代辞书。
它主要用元明时代流传的《韵府群玉》、《五车韵瑞》等书为底本加以修订增补而成。
先列单字，略加注音释义，然后列举两字词语、三字词语和四字词语，注明出处，用双行小字列在各条词语之下。
《词诠的》：将近人杨树达著。
这部书搜集了古书中常用的介词、连词、助词、语气词及一部分代词、动词、副词，表明它们的用法、意义并惹来书证。
东师15春《英语语法(二)高起专》在线作业试卷一、单选题：1.I’m not sure ()( ) they are doing their best. (满分:3)A. thatB. if2.I was the one who made the cake and by the time I got home they ( )( )( )(eat) it all (满分:3)A. ateB. had eaten3.You know I saw Mr. Wang just now in his office. -That ( )( )him since he won’t come back until the end of this year.(满分:3)A. can’t beB. couldn’t have beenC. mustn’t have beenD. shouldn’t have been4.Those kids never worry about anything ( )( )( )( ). (满分:3)A. with their parents to dependB. with their parents depend onC. with their parents to depend onD. with their parents depending on5.I was feeling sick yesterday. I ( )eat anything. (满分:3)A. can’tB. couldn’t6.( )( ) he will join us won’t make much difference.(满分:3)A. thatB. whether7.I had forgotten to bring my camera so I ( )( )take any photographs. (满分:3)A. couldn’tB. be not able to8.The road was muddy. It( ) last night. (满分:3)A. must rainedB. must have rainedC. must be rainedD. could have rained9.( )( )that happen, what( )we do? (满分:3)A. should...wouldB. had...should10.( )( )( ) if he does not learn he knows nothing. (满分:3)A. Be a man ever so cleverB. A man is ever so cleverC. So clever as a man ever isD. No matter how clever he11.“Where () my umbrella?”“Somebody () it away by mistake.”(满分:3)A. inB. to12.Strike ( )( ) the iron is hot. (满分:3)A. whileB. but13.The Smiths spent the weekend in the countryside as they ( ) to work on Sunday. (满分:3)A. needn’t have gone toB. mustn’t goC. weren’t necessary to goD. didn’t have to go14.We ( ) last night, but we went to the concert instead. (满分:3)A. must have studiedB. might studyC. should have studiedD. would study15.The test is for students ( )( ) native language is not English. (满分:3)A. whoB. whose16.Did you call to place an order for these books? ---Not yet, but I ( ). (满分:3)A. should haveB. mayC. mustD. shall17.If I smoked less, my sore throat ( ) better. (满分:3)A. would beB. would have been18.He still hasn’t finished the work in such a long time. -- He ( ) very hard. (满分:3)A. mustn’t ha ve workedB. can have workedC. can’t have workedD. shouldn’t have worked19.Where is my pen? --I ( ) it. (满分:3)A. might haveB. would have lostC. should have lostD. must have lost20.He was sure ( )( ) bag it is. (满分:3)A. whoB. whose三、判断题：1.Under his arm was two books which he had bought from the book store a few days previously. (满分:2)A. 错误B. 正确2..Mr. Herpin is one of the foreign experts who is working in China. (满分:2)A. 错误B. 正确3.Because he was careless, so he failed. (满分:2)A. 错误B. 正确4.If you get up late, you will be late for school. (满分:2)A. 错误B. 正确5.Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning? (满分:2)A. 错误B. 正确6.Mr. Liu is the person(whom) you talked about on the bus. (满分:2)A. 错误B. 正确7.From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up. (满分:2)A. 错误B. 正确8.Three-fifths of his pay were spent on food and clothing. (满分:2)A. 错误B. 正确9.The teacher with many students have gone to the exhibition. (满分:2)A. 错误B. 正确10.He was lying on the bed with all his clothes on. (满分:2)A. 错误B. 正确11.. A person learns a foreign language must be able to use the foreign language forgetting all his own. (满分:2)A. 错误B. 正确12.The boys who are playing football are from Class One. (满分:2)A. 错误B. 正确13.The meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier. (满分:2)A. 错误B. 正确14.I won’t be able to go on holiday with my mother being ill.(满分:2)A. 错误B. 正确15.Don' t live in the world, I would rather( I would just as soon) you die. (满分:2)A. 错误B. 正确16..I shall never forget those years which I lived in the farm which you visited last week. (满分:2)A. 错误B. 正确17..The weather turned out to be very good, that was more than we could expect. (满分:2)A. 错误B. 正确18.These girls didn’t like to visit Chicago, and they had to go.(满分:2)A. 错误B. 正确19.Oh the wall hung a picture, which color is blue. (满分:2)A. 错误B. 正确20..My glasses, with which I was like a blind man, fell to the ground and broke. (满分:2)A. 错误B. 正确《英语语法(二)》15春在线作业2一、单选题：1.I was the one who made the cake and by the time I got home they ( )( )( )(eat) it all (满分:3)A. ateB. had eaten2.You may take ( )( ) book will interest you. (满分:3)A. whatB. whichever3.Although you were wealthy, I’d sooner you ()happy. (满分:3)A. areB. wereC. have beenD. had been4.Scarcely ( )( ) Ted fallen asleep when a knock at the door awakened him. (满分:3)A. hadB. did5.I’m really hungry. I ()( )eat a horse! (满分:3)A. canB. could6.If I smoked less, my sore throat ( ) better. (满分:3)A. would beB. would have been7.I had forgotten to bring my camera so I ( )( )take any photographs. (满分:3)A. couldn’tB. be not able to8.Must I finish writing the composition this afternoon? ----No, you ( ).H16 (满分:3)A. don’t have toB. mustn’tC. can’tD. may not9.I wonder if your wife will go to the ball. If your wife ( )，so ( ) mine. (满分:3)A. does，willB. will，doesC. will，wouldD. does，do10.The road was muddy. It( ) last night. (满分:3)A. must rainedB. must have rainedC. must be rainedD. could have rained11.The story( )in China. (满分:3)A. was taken placeB. was happenedC. took placeD. has been taken place12.In modem times，girls like beautiful clothes. Yes, ( ) and( ) . After all, our life has greatly improveD. (满分:3)A. so do they，so do youB. so they do，so you doC. so do they，so you doD. so they do，so do you13.You( ) all those clothes! We have a washing machine to do that sort of thing (满分:3)A. needn't have washedB. shouldn't have washedC. must not have washedD. can not have washed14.I know things are hard with you, but you ( )try to get over the difficulties. (满分:3)A. canB. mayC. mustD. ought15.Where are Rose and Nancy? --They ( ) the flowers in the garden. (满分:3)A. must have wateredB. must be wateredC. must waterD. must be watering16.Mary realized she( )( ) (满分:3)A. was making fun ofB. was made funC. was being made fun ofD. was being made fun17.I wished that I ( )the job interview the next day. (满分:3)A. would passB. passed18.The little girl was giggling ( )( ). (满分:3)A. with thousands of flowers were around her.B. thousands of flowers aroundC. thousands of flowers being round herD. with thousands of flowers around her.19.It was ( )he arrived home( )he realized he left the keys in the office. (满分:3)A. until...thatB. not until ...that20.It was amazing. Diana caught the vase, ( )( ) it fell off the shelf. (满分:3)A. beforeB. asC. whileD. as while三、判断题：1.These girls didn’t like to visit Chicago, and they had to go.(满分:2)A. 错误B. 正确2.When the test was finished, we began our holiday. (满分:2)A. 错误B. 正确3.I wish I hadn' t hurt him so much. (满分:2)A. 错误B. 正确4.If you had studied harder last term, you could have passed exam. (满分:2)A. 错误B. 正确5.So many people absent, the meeting had to be called off. (满分:2)A. 错误B. 正确6.. The sun set down, they went home. (满分:2)A. 错误B. 正确7.Don' t live in the world, I would rather( I would just as soon) you die. (满分:2)A. 错误B. 正确8.The boy is fond of encouraging by his teachers. (满分:2)A. 错误B. 正确9.We haven't been built the new teaching building yet. (满分:2)A. 错误B. 正确10.If we shouldn' t have an exam this afternoon. I would go shopping now. (满分:2)A. 错误B. 正确11.Although he was sick, but he refused to go to the hospital. (满分:2)A. 错误B. 正确12.How do you like the book? ---It's quite different from the one what I read last month. (满分:2)A. 错误B. 正确13..I, who is your good friend, will try my best to help you. (满分:2)A. 错误B. 正确14..Which has already been pointed out , grammar is not a set of dead rules. (满分:2)A. 错误B. 正确15.If we hadn' t made adequate preparations, we shouldn' t dare to do the experiment next week。
陕师大英语写作二作业答案1、He always takes pride in his work.He is very_______.A、humbleB、devotedC、respectiveD、formal答案：B--------------------------------2、Ellen did not finish________in time to go to the party with her friends night.A、studyingB、to studyC、to have studiedD、having studied答案：A--------------------------------3、Deserts and high mountains have always been a_______to the movement of people from place to place.A、jamB、barrierC、fenceD、prevention答案：B--------------------------------4、It would be completely irresponsible and unethical to use drugs on people that had not been thoroughly tested________animals.A、atB、onC、amongD、within答案：B--------------------------------5、Because there are only two competitors_______,it is almost inevitable that one will receive a majority.A、in the runningB、for the runningC、in the runD、for the run答案：A--------------------------------6、It was nine years ago_________Sir Alfred returned from AmericaA、whenB、thatC、when thatD、since答案：B--------------------------------7、Peter had his piano_______yesterday and the result is excellent.A、tunedB、turnedC、tiedD、wound答案：A--------------------------------8、She kept the children_________with her stories.A、amusedB、amusingC、to amuseD、to be amused答案：A--------------------------------9、We must________that the experiment is controlled as rigidly as possible.A、assureB、secureC、ensureD、issue答案：C--------------------------------10、_________of them know about the plan because it is secret.A、SomeB、No oneC、AnyD、None答案：D--------------------------------11、Scientists will have to__________new methods of increasing the world's food supply.A、come outB、come up forC、come intoD、come up with答案：D--------------------------------12、The couple has donated a not_______amount of money to the foundation.A、inconsiderableB、inconsiderateC、inaccurateD、incomparable 答案：A--------------------------------13、Language consists________words which we put together into sentences.A、inB、forC、ofD、on答案：C--------------------------------14、He made a request_______immediate help.A、atB、forC、onD、by答案：B--------------------------------15、Most people say that the new film is a______.A、mysteryB、smartC、furnitureD、custom答案：A--------------------------------16、The lecture which lasted about three hours was so_____that the audience couldn’t help yawning.A、tediousB、clumsyC、boredD、tired答案：A--------------------------------17、Alone in a desert house,he was so busy with his research work that he felt________lonely.A、nothing butB、anything butC、all butD、everything but答案：B--------------------------------18、He felt_______of what he had done in school.A、shyB、ashC、advisableD、ashamed答案：D--------------------------------19、I am surprised_______this city is a dull place to live in.A、that you should thinkB、by what you are thinkingC、that you would thinkD、with what you were thinking答案：A--------------------------------20、This is not an economical way to get more water,_____it is very expensive.A、or elseB、on the contraryC、in shortD、on the other hand答案：B--------------------------------21、There used to be a petrol station near the park,________?A、didn’t itB、doesn’t thereC、usedn’t itD、didn’t there答案：D--------------------------------22、"Mr.Green is likely______about this meeting.Why hasn't he come?"A、to notifyB、to be notifiedC、to have been notifiedD、to be notifying 答案：C--------------------------------23、Not until quite recently___________that language was closely related to culture.A、I realizedB、do I realizeC、did I realizeD、I have realized答案：C--------------------------------24、He gave us a good_______of his experience.A、demonstrationB、frequencyC、descriptionD、instruction答案：C--------------------------------25、The book contained a large________of information.A、dealB、amountC、numberD、sum答案：B--------------------------------26、I certainly didn’t intend to_______your plans.A、upsetB、shakeC、shaveD、drag答案：A--------------------------------27、Please______dictionaries when you are not sure of word spelling or meaning.A、searchB、seekC、inquireD、consult答案：D--------------------------------28、According to one belief,if truth is to be known it will make itself apparent,so one________wait instead of searching for it.A、would ratherB、had toC、cannot butD、had best答案：D--------------------------------29、They said he was_________holding public office,so they decided to deprive him of his post.A、irrelevant toB、unaware ofC、inconsiderate ofD、incapable of答案：D--------------------------------30、How much are you going to_______me for repairing this bike?A、chargeB、requestC、requireD、need答案：A--------------------------------。
2021年陕西师范大学汉语国际教育专业《现代汉语》期末试卷B(有答案）一、填空题1、现代汉语不送气的塞擦音有______，送气的塞音有______。
2、普通话一个字的字音由声母、韵母和______三方面组成，“安烟弯怨”四字的声母同属于______声母。
古代汉语的四声是“平上去______”。
3、从构词位置来看，“阿婆、阿姨”中的“阿”，“杯子、包子”中的“子”，“糊里糊涂、傻里傻气”中的“里”都是______语素。
4、从构词法看，有一个语素构成的词叫______词。
5、现代汉民族普通话规范，即以北京语音为______，以北方话为______，以______作为语法规范。
6、“猪多肥多，肥多粮多，粮多猪多。
”运用了______辞格。
7、东汉许慎的______把9353个汉字归为540部。
8、在汉字标准化工作中，“四定”指的是______、______ ______、______。
9、句子从语气上可以分为疑问、陈述、感叹和______共四种。
10、跟语音、词汇相比，语法具有更明显的______、稳固性和民族性。
二、判断题11、“怪可怜的”和“别怪他”，前后两个“怪”是多义词。
（）12、“大学”“船只”“地震”都是偏正型的复合词。
（）13、“雨”和“瓜”都是象形字，“甘”和“明”是会意字。
( )14、大多数汉字是指事字。
（）15、定语是体词性成分前面的修饰语，状语是谓词性成分前面的修饰语。
（）16、动词加动词可以构成述宾短语。
（）17、“写这种稿子用不了多少心血，只是蚊子多，用了不少身血”运用了借代修辞格。
( )18、语言规范化是为了消除语言使用中多种方言并存的混乱现象，更好地发挥语言文字的交际功能（）。
19、zhi、chi、shi等音节的韵母应归入开口呼。
（）20、元音、辅音、声调都是音质音位。
（）三、选择题21、“不”在（）读35。
A．句末B．去声前C．去声后D．非去声前22、“双”字音的构成音素有（）。
《写作》作业I. Directions: Correct the errors in the following sentences and write down the correct sentences in the corresponding space on your answer sheet.Example:After seeing an offensive mouthwash ad on television. I resolved never to buy that brand again. After seeing an offensive mouthwash ad on television, I never resolved to buy that brand again.1.He failed to pass the examination he was lazy.2.I pretended to be happy. To stop my mother from worrying.3.I waited for him, moreover I saved him a seat.4.The candidate in some elections with charm defeats the one with ideas.5.While walking in the street, a car hit the old man.6.I enjoy Beethoven, or I like Bach even better.7.He had little opportunity for schooling most of study was done by himself at night by the light ofa fireplace.8 No matter how far away from home a person is. He will always try to get home in time for this big dinner.9. The doctor suggested plenty of food, rest, and exercising.10. Sometimes the best way is to remain absolutely silent to impress people.11.Turning to the left suddenly, a pistol pointed at him12．I enjoy Beethoven, or I like Bach even better.13.Before you say you love me, I will not marry you.14.I love my husband, and I can’t stand his mother.15.Dilapidated and almost an eyesore, Shirley bought the old house to restore it to its original beauty.16.Having tucked the children into bed, the cat was put out for the night.17.Financial aid is a growing problem for many college students.18he picnic will be ruined and it rains tomorrow.19. He soon realized this fact straightway busied himself about his own affairs without further thought of John.20. She now develops my ideas more fully and gives enough detail. To make each point convincing.21. Come to class prepare to take notes and with some questions to ask.22. As soon as she finished the history exam. Mary began to study for her math quiz.23. Having walked for the whole day, finally a farmhouse came into view.II. Sentence Combination:1.a. The diamond necklace is expensive.b. It is also a thing of beauty. ( not only … but also )2.a. More and more universities are creating loan plans to aid middle-income families.b. Middle-income families are not rich enough to pay rising college cost.c. Middle-income families are not poor enough to qualify for assistance.( attributive clause &neither … nor…)3.a. He has strength.b. The strength is superior.c. He has ability.d. The ability is dramatic.e. The ability is powerful.f. He has looks.g. The looks are good.h. The looks are boyish.4.a. She wrapped the package.b. She wrapped the package as quickly as she could.c. She reached the post office.d. The post office was closed.5.a. The doctor recommended John an exercise.b. The exercise would not harm him.c. The exercise would not tire him.d. The exercise would strengthen his muscles.e. The exercise would increase his lung power.f. The exercise would stimulate his heart.g. The exercise would improve his circulation.( that clause; neither…nor… but…and…)III. Choose the topic sentence(I) Directions: Read the following paragraphs and spot the topic sentence of each paragraph. Writethe number of the topic sentence in the corresponding space on your answer sheet.A_________________________________________________________.(1) Eating lunch is one of my favorite pastimes. (2) Because lunch comes in the middle of the day, it gives me a welcome break from studying. (3) At school, lunch means thirty minutes out of class and a chance to rest after the morning’s work. (4) While eating, I can plan what I’m going to do in the afternoon. (5) And besides offering a pleasant break in the day, lunch always a good meal.B_________________________________________________________.(1)Develop a good attitude about test. (2) The purpose of a test is to show what you have learned about a subject. (3) The world won’t end if you don’t pass a test. (4) Don’t worry excessively about a single test. (5) Tests provide grades, but they also let you know what you need to spend more time studying. (6) They help make your new knowledge permanent.C_________________________________________________________.⑴Study regularly. ⑵Go over your notes as soon as you can after class.⑶Review important points mentioned in class as well as points you remain confused about. ⑷ Read about these points in your textbook. ⑸ If you know what the teacher will discuss the next day, skim and read that material too .⑹ This will help you understand the next class. ⑺ If you review your notes and text-book regularly, the material will become more meaningful and you will remember it longer.(II) Directions: Read the following paragraphs carefully and select the best topic sentence from the four possible answers that follow each paragraph. Write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space on your answer sheet.ATopic sentence:Normally a student must attend a certain number of courses in order to graduate, and each course which he attends gives him a credit which he may count towards a degree. In many American universities the total work for a degree consists of thirty-six courses. A typical course consists of three classes per week for fifteen weeks; while attending a university a student will probably attend four or five courses during each semester. Normally a student would expect to take four years attending two semesters each year.A).Normally a student would at least attend 12 classes each week.B).American university students are usually under pressure of their studies.C).How many years do you have to stay at university to get a degree?D).How many courses do you have to take to get a degree?BTopic sentence : .Ideally, a school system should be one in which the love of leading, rather than the acquisition of facts, is cultivated; one in which the spirit of inquiry is encouraged. Ideally, family and government policy should be to see that we have a great number of books—any books. A person with a book is a real person alive on the earth; without a book he is a fool.A).We don’t need to read books.B).We should have a lot of books.C).The family and the government should see that we have many books.D).Buying books is encouraged.CTopic sentence:_____________________________________________.E-mail is often used for quick exchange of news, information, and schedules that will otherwise occur over the telephone while it lacks the richness of vocal inflection and the immediate and interactive qualities of a telephone conversation, it avoids the annoyance of telephone tag. Moreover, both parties to an E-mail exchange can deal with the communication at times convenient for them, without interruptions into other business. Many people find it hard to ignore a ringing telephone, even when they are in the middle of something else. E-mail messages arrive with little or no notice and willwait indefinitely. If both parties check their electronic mail reasonably and frequently each day, an exchange can be completed within a few hours and with minimum inconvenience.A.Both E-mail and telephone are convenient means by which to realize successful communication.B.We can not over-emphasize the advantages of E-mail.C.Both E-mail and telephone have advantages and disadvantages.D.Although E-mail messages are written, they share characteristics with telephone calls; E-mail has a few advantages, as well as some disadvantages, in comparison to telephone.DTopic sentence: ____________________________________________.Jefferson was more than six feet tall, thin but strong, with an informality of manner that was often criticized. “His clothes seem too small for him,” one writer reported. “He sits as if he were at home, among friends; his face has a sunny look; his whole figure has a loose, informal appearance. His speech seems loose, without organi zation; yet he scatters information wherever he goes.”A. Jefferson was more than six feet tall.B. Jefferson’s clothes were too small for him.C. What Jefferson was like.D. Jefferson scattered information wherever he went.IV. Directions: Rearrange the following numbered sentences so that they will read logically. Put the numbers in proper sequence in the corresponding space on your answer sheet.A1.Since then, the whole country has been observing Mother’s Day.2.Mother’s Day comes on the second Sunday i n May.3.More and more churches, cities followed the example and set aside the day to honor mother.4.In 1910, a member of a church in Philadelphia planned the Sunday morning service to honor her own mother.BThe time necessary for this is 5 to 10 minutes.Other experiments have shown that brain needs time to ‘digest’ what has been learnt.During this break it is important the right side of the brain, because the left side is used during a learning period.After a break of this time the memory will have absorbed what it just learnt, and more will be remembered.Listening to music, breathing in fresh air, and looking at a picture, are all ways of using the other side of the brain.C1. She always had to pay the full price for her ride.2.Then she reached the age of sixty and got her senior citizen’s card, but when she used it for the first time on the bus, it made her feel very old.3. Mrs. Mathews was very happy when she heard this.4.The bus driver had often seen her travelling on the bus before, and he notice that she was feeling unhappy, so after she had paid her money, he winked at her and whispered, “ Don’t forget to give your mother’s card back to her when you see her again.”5. Women may get the card when they are sixty.6. Senior citizens are permitted to travel cheaply on a bus if they have a special card.7. Mrs. Mathews lived in the country but she went into town once a week to buy food and other thingsD1. From this example we can see that your brain chooses the visual information which is useful to you, and rejects the information which it does not need.2. Our eyes give us information all the time.3. For example, if you walk down a crowded street, you will see many faces.4. But you will probably not really notice them.5. The way we see things is more complicated then we imagine.6. But our brains decide what is important to us.V. Read the following paragraphs and write down the numbers of the four irrelevant sentences in the corresponding space on your answer sheet.A(1)Every family has its own traditions at Christmas. (2) Some exchange presents first thing on Christmas morning. (3) Others put all the presents around the Christmas tree and wait until evening before giving them out. (4) Every one gets two or three days off work for Christmas. (5) But all families have a huge Christmas dinner --- usually at midday. (6) If they can afford it they have a turkey and ham, followed by Christmas pudding. (7) But most people stay at home and have a lazy day.B____ ____(1) A nurse in a big hospital has many important responsibilities. (2) There are many nurses working the Atlanta hospitals. (3) She has to feed and bathe her patients and make them comfortable. (4)Shehas to make sure she gives the right medicine to the right patient. (5) Nurses often go out to dinner with the doctors. (6) A good nurse must keep up with medical science by reading professional journals.C____ ____ ____ ____(1) House reform will benefit both the country and the majority of urban citizen. (2) Perhaps there are still some residents against the idea. (3) On the one hand, the government expects another economic growth point to be formed by collecting public funds through selling houses, which therefore is bound to stimulate the fas t growth in the national economy. (4) So housing reform shouldn’t be neglected.(5) On the other hand, it is only through the purchase of houses that individuals are likely to make their Utopian dream --- owing a house of their own --- come true; moreover, public funds for housing are the key to urban residents’ housing problem. (6) Who is willing to live in a dim, stuffy house?(7) However, to make the reform a success is by no means an easy task.D⑴In America, Mother’s Day is celebrated on the second Su nday in May. ⑵ I want to tell you today how the idea of having a special day for mothers began. ⑶ On that day we send our mother a special Mother’s Day card, and perhaps some flowers or candy, to show out love and appreciation for all they have done for us. ⑷ It all started over a hundred years ago with a woman named Anne May Jarvis. ⑸Although Mother’s Day is a relatively new holiday in America, more other countries are also setting aside a day to honor their mothers.VI. Directions: Write an essay on the topic “The Qualifications for a Good Teacher”. Your essay should NOT be less than 200 words.1.The Qualifications for a Good Teacher2.Teachers and Students3.Why I like My Job4.My Opinion on Examinations。
陕西师范大学2011-2012学年第二学期补考试卷大学英语二级题号 I II III IV V 总分 总分人 分数答卷注意事项：1、答卷前请将密封线内的项目填写清楚。
2、字迹要清楚、工整，不宜过大，以防试卷不够使用。
3、本卷共5大题，总分为100分。
I. Write a paper on the following title for at least 120 words.(25%)A Campaign Speech1. 你认为自己具备了什么条件（能力，性格，爱好等）可以胜任学生会主席工作2. 如果当选，你将为本校学生做些什么A Campaign Speech___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________上 装 订 线院（系）名： 班级： 姓名： 学号： 考生类别： 考试日期：下 装 订 线__________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ ___________________II. Reading Comprehension(30%)Passage 1The treatment of the elderly can be further understood by distinguishing between nuclear and extended family structures. In the United States the nuclear family, which consists of the father, the mother, and the children, is considered "the family". The extended family, common in other cultures, includes grandparents, aunt, uncles, cousins, nephews, nieces, and in-laws. The distinction between the nuclear and extended family is important because it suggests the extent of family ties and obligations. In extended families the children and parents have strong ties and obligations to relatives. It is common in these families to support older family members, to have intensive contact with relatives, and to establish communal housing.The American nuclear family usually has its own separate residence and is economically independent of other family members. Relatives are still considered "family" but are often outside the basic obligations that people have to their immediate families. When couples marry, they are expected to live independently of their parents and become "heads of households" when they have children. It is not unusual in times of financial need for nuclear family members to borrow money from a bank rather than from relatives. Grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins, then, are not directly involved in the same way as they would be in an extended family structure.1. The author distinguishes between nuclear and extended families because __________.A) the distinction enables the reader to understand the importance of a familyB) the distinction shows which kind of family is betterC) the distinction suggests the extent of family ties and obligationsD) the author is interested in nuclear families2. The phrase "immediate family" refers to the __________.A) mother, father, brothers and sistersB) family of one's spouseC) family members who help each other when neededD) family which is close to another3. The word "communal" in the last sentence of the first paragraph is nearest in meaning to __A) shared by father and motherB) shared by childrenC) shared by brothers and sistersD) shared by an extended family4. The word "tie" most probably means __________.A) neck tieB) family membersC) relationshipD) rope5. Which would be the best title for this passage?A) Advantage of Nuclear Family.B) Disadvantages of Extended Family.C) Treatment of the Old.D) Nuclear Family and Extended Family.Passage 2Sleep is part of your daily activity cycle, but there are several different types or stages of sleep, and they too occur in cycles.If you are an average sleeper, your sleep cycle will go something like this: When you first drift off into sleep your eyes will roll about a bit, your temperature will drop slightly, your muscles will relax, and your breathing will slow and become quite regular. Your brain waves slow down a bit too. This is called Stage 1 sleep.For the next half hour or so, as you relax more and more, you will drift down through Stage 2 and Stage 3 sleep. The lower your stage of sleep, the slower your brain waves will be.Then, about 40-60 minutes after you lose consciousness, you will have reached the deepest sleep of all. Your brain waves will show the delta rhythm. This is Stage 4 sleep.You may think that you stay at this deep fourth stage all the rest of the night, but that turns out not to be the case. Instead, about 80 minutes after you fall into sleep your activity cycle will increase slightly. The delta rhythm will disappear, to be replaced by the activity pattern of brain waves. Your eyes will begin to move around under your closed eyelids as if you were looking at something occurring in front of you. This period of Rapid Eye Movements lasts for some 8--15 minutes and is called REM sleep.During both light and deep sleep, the muscles in your body are relaxed but capable of movement. However, as you slip into REM sleep, a very odd thing occurs -- most of the voluntary muscles in your body become paralyzed. Although your brain shows very rapid bursts of neural activity during REM sleep, your body is incapable of moving.6. The lower the stage of sleep, ________.A) the greater the alpha waves will beB) the greater the activity pattern of the brainC) the slower the brain waves will appearD) the closer one is to the initial Stage 1 sleep7. Before one reaches the deepest sleep, ________ .A) muscular inhibition occursB) loss of consciousness has already occurredC) one's body muscles become paralyzedD) one's eyes begin to move as if looking at something8. REM sleep is characterized by ________ .A) a lack of body movementB) a drop in temperatureC) the appearance of delta wavesD) a loss of consciousness9. Muscular relaxation, a temperature drop, and breath regularity are characteristics of ________ .A) Stages 2 and 3 sleepB) REM sleepC) delta rhythmsD) Stage 1 sleep10. An increase in the activity cycle indicates ________ .A) one is waking upB) the beginning of the Rapid Eye Movement stageC) a relaxing of body musclesD) an increase in the body's rhythmIII. Close(10%)Choose the best one of the three answers given to fill in each blank.__11__ two years living together, a young couple experienced the usual ups and downs __12___ they grew to know, understand, and respect each other. They ___13____ confronted the weaknesses and ____14____ of each other's characters. From their ____15______ and cultural differences they leaned____16_____ about tolerance, compromise and honesty.The woman's parents' bitter, ____17_____ divorce after 35 years of marriage emphasized the fact that many couples marry ____18_____ the wrong reasons: they are incompatible, they hardly take time to know each other, they _____19_____ serous personality ____20____ and expect marriage is an automatic way to make everything work out right.11.A. After B. Before C. During12.A. since B. as C. because13.A. honest B.honesty C.honestly14.A.strength B. strengths C.strengthened15.A.racial B.race C.racism16.A.contemporarily B. convenience C.considerably17.A.pained B.painful C.paining18.A.for B.about C.in19.A.overtake B.overlook C.undertake20.A.confronts B.confuses C.conflictsIV. Vocabulary(10%)Choose the best one from the four choices.21.________ this method does not work, let's try another.A) ForB) ThoughC) Even ifD) Since22. Is the city much different from ________ ten years ago?A) that it wasB) that which wasC) what it wasD) what was it23. It is ________ us to ________ them all the help we can.A) up to / for givingB) up to / to giveC) for / givingD) for / to give24. Did she say anything about ________ ?A) how does the workB) how the work doesC) how the work was to be doneD) how was the work to be done25. ________ there is a will, there is a way.A) WhereB) ForC) WhetherD) If26. _______ the help of his classmates he made great progress in his language study.A) UnderB) WithC) For下 装 订 线D) On27. ________ the grand city was a small village ten years ago. A) That is now B) Which is now C) What is now D) All is now28. The trouble ________ the car is that it has to be repaired every few days. A) to B) for C) inD) with29. I ________ the movie ________ one of the worst I've ever seen. A) think / as B) regard / as C) believe / as D) know / as30. This problem will lead to serious consequences. We have to do something ________ it and put matters right. A) for B) about C) withD) againstV . Translation(25%)Translate the following into English31. 在有些人眼里，毕加索（Picasso ）的绘画显得十分荒谬。
陕西师范大学硕士研究生招生考试“240-法语”考试大纲本《法语》考试大纲适用于陕西师范大学英语、俄语、日语语言文学、外国语言学以及应用语言学各专业硕士研究生招生考试。
法语二外同其他语种的第二外语是外语专业学生的必选课程之一。
它的主要内容包括代词、名词、动词、形容词、介词、副词、时态、语式、语态、词法以及句法等等。
要求考生掌握一定数量的词汇和基本词法、句法，有基本的阅读技能，对于较熟悉的主题书写内容连贯的文章，并具有综合运用所学语法和词汇解决问题的能力，进行相关的翻译。
一、考试的基本要求要求考生领会式掌握4300词（其中复用式掌握2100词）以及由这些词构成的常用词组，并具有按照基本构词法识别新词的能力；掌握基本词法和句法，并初步具有在语篇水平上运用语法知识的能力；掌握较高阅读能力，能顺利阅读理解题材熟悉的文章；能就比较熟悉的话题在半小时内写出150词左右的短文；掌握基本的翻译技巧，依靠注释翻译与课文难度相当的法语。
二、考试方法和考试时间高等代数考试采用闭卷笔试形式，试卷满分为100分，考试时间为180分钟。
三、考试内容（一）词汇1．名词的拼写和阴阳性单复数；2．形容词的阴阳性单复数的变化、位置及配合；3．动词的变位、用法和搭配；4．副词的位置；5．数量词；6．连词；7．各种介词的用法。
（二）代词1．直接宾语人称代词；2．间接宾语人称代词；3．副代词y，en；4．中性代词le；5．自反代词；6．代词的位置；7．重读人称代词；8．指示代词；10．关系代词；11．疑问代词12．泛指代词。
（三）冠词1.不定冠词；2.定冠词；3.部分冠词；4.缩合冠词。
（四）语式（各种语式的意义）1．直陈式；2．命令式；3．分词式；4．不定式；5．条件式；6．虚拟式。
（五）时态（各种时态的动词变位及具体用法）1．直陈式现在时；2．复合过去时；3．未完成过去时4．愈过去时；5．简单过去时；6．简单将来时；7．先将来时；8．条件式现在时；9．条件式过去时；10．虚拟式现在时11．虚拟式过去时12．现在分词、过去分词和复合过去分词；13．副动词；14．不定式现在时；15．不定式过去时；16．时态中分词的配合。
2022年陕西师范大学汉语国际教育专业《现代汉语》期末试卷A(有答案）一、填空题1、“yonɡ”这个音节中的声母是______，韵腹是______。
2、有些兼动、名两类的词或形容词，儿化后就固定为______。
3、词的形态分为构形形态和______。
4、汉语最常见的构词方式是______。
5、使用人口约占汉族总人口73%的方言是______。
6、“猪多肥多，肥多粮多，粮多猪多。
”运用了______辞格。
7、音同、义同而形不同的字是______。
8、“火”字的第三个笔画为______，“丑”字的第二个笔画为______，“齅”字共有______个笔画。
9、句子从语气上可以分为疑问、陈述、感叹和______共四种。
10、“说不清楚”中的补语成分属于______补语。
二、判断题11、2“猩猩”是单纯词，“哥哥”是合成词。
（）12、“大学”“船只”“地震”都是偏正型的复合词。
（）13、“雨”和“瓜”都是象形字，“甘”和“明”是会意字。
( )14、《说文解字》最早采用部首给汉字归部，将汉字归为214部。
（）15、用层次分析法分析“最早的麻醉药麻沸散的发明者华佗”的话，第一层关系是定中短语。
（）16、定语是体词性成分前面的修饰语，状语是谓词性成分前面的修饰语。
（）17、很多语言也有量词，但不一定像汉语一样有个体量词。
（）18、“这种文章让人实在没有胃口再看下去”运用了比喻修辞格。
( )19、“鱼”的拼音为yǘ，“略”的拼音为luè。
（）20、元音、辅音、声调都是音质音位。
（）三、选择题21、下列各组字中韵腹相同的是（）。
A．问、军、肯、坤B．料、到、当、雅C．依、市、吉、迎D．桂、非、文、言22、“动用”两字的韵母依次属于（）。
A．开口呼、齐齿呼B．开口呼、撮口呼C．合口呼、撮口呼D．合口呼、齐齿呼23、属于特指问的句子是（）。
A．你不会不来吧？ B．你来还是他来？C．究竟谁来？ D．你来不来？24、下列说法有误的一项是（）。
《大学英语二》作业及答案1. 交际与对话单选题1. — _________________ — I’m fond of playing table tennis.A. Do you like sports？B. Playing table tennis is fun？C. Which sport do you like best?D. Is playing table tennis your favorite thing to do？2. — Could you post the letter for me, please? — _________________A. With pleasure.B. No, I couldn’tC. Yes, I could.D. Not at all.3. — Bill had a car accident and broke his arm. — _________________A. It’s impos sible.B. Really? How terrible!C. It’s too good to be true!D. Don’t cry!4. — Did you know that Max got a scholarship to study in France? — _________________A. He really deserves it.B. It’s hard to believe it!C. It’s too far away!D. France is a beautiful country.5. —Would you like to order now? —_________________A. I’m full now.B. Thank you. It’s very kind of you.C. But the price is high.D. Yes, I’d like soup and the fish.6. —We’re going on a visit to Japan next week.— _________________A. Have a good journey.B. Good bye.C. Wish you happy.D. You’re right.7. — Hi, is Tom there, please? — _________________.A. No, he is not there.B. Yes, what do you want?C. Hold on. I’ll get him.D. Yes, Tom is me.8. —I was worried about chemistry, but Mr. Brown gave me an A! —_________________A. Don’t worry about it.B. Congratulations! That’s a difficult course.C. Mr. Brown is very good.D. Good luck to you!9. —What kind of room would you like? —_________________A. Two rooms.B. OK, thank you.C. I like it very much.D. A double room with a private bath.10. —Hi, I just received the shirt I ordered, but it is the wrong color.—Really? I’m so sorry._________________ A. What’s your order? B. What’s your order number?C. What can I do for you?D. What’s the color of your order?11. —What a great job you’ve done. —_________________A. You speak too highly of me.B. No, no.C. This is what I should do.D. Thank you.12. — Hello, may I talk to the manager now? — _________________.A. Sorry, you can’t.B. No, you can’t.C. Sorry, he is on another line now.D. I don’t know.13. —I’d like to speak to Jenny. — _________________.A. Are you Jenny?B. It’s Jenny speaking.C. Hi, how are you?D. I’m listening.14. —Good morning. I’d like to check out now please. —_________________A. Pay the bill first.B. Don’t go away.C. Where are you going?D. May I have your key, sir?15. —I’ll be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat? — _________________A. I’d be happy to.B. I’d rather not.C. I’d like it.D. I have no time.16. —I have got a pain in my neck. —_________________A. Yes, I agree.B. Yes, you are quite right.C. I’m sorry to hear that.D. I’m feeling sick.17. —I’d like to book a flight to Shanghai, please. —_________________C. No, of course not.D. You can’t. We are busy.18. —Anything to declare? —_________________A. I don’t want to declare anything.B. My clothes.C. No, nothing that I’m aware of.D. No, they are mine.19. — Wh at’s the problem with your bike? —_________A. Not at all.B. Good, thank you.C. Nothing serious.D. Sure.20. — Thank you for your invitation. — _________A. It doesn’t matter.B. It’s a pleasure.C. It’s a small thing.D. I’ll appreciate it.2. 阅读理解Passage 1What is your favorite color? Do you like yellow, orange, and red? If you do, you must be an optimist, a leader, and an active person who enjoys life, people and excitement. Do you prefer grays and blues? Then you are probably quiet, shy and you would rather follow than lead.Color does infl uence our moods ― there is no doubt about it. A yellow room makes most people feel more1. The author regards the psychologists’ findings as _____.A. groundlessB. doubtfulC. reasonableD. unusual2. According to the psychologists, a person’s color preference _____.A. is formed as he grows upB. is acquired through experienceC. is decided by his surroundingsD. is possessed from birth3. It can be concluded from the passage that bright color lovers tend to be _____.A. quietB. activeC. depressiveD. pessimistic4. The example of the bridge is used to illustrate that _____.A. people tend to kill themselves by jumping from bridgesB. color can affect people’s moods to a great degreeC. the bridge should have been repainted earlierD. certain color can kill people sometimes5. The notion that machines painted orange can reduce the risk of accidents ______.A. is a well-accepted factB. remains to be provedC. is an illusion of workersD. is a good wish of scientistsPassage 2It was during his fourth term in the Illinois legislature that the rising young lawyer-politician (Abraham Lincoln) met Mary Todd, the woman who, Bright and attractive, she came from the wealthy Todd She had come to Springfield to look for a husband and was staying with her sister, Mrs. Ninian Edwards, They first met in winter of 1839 at a dance held to honor the moving of the Illinois capital from Vandalia to Springfield.1. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A. Abraham Lincoln once promised never to get married.B. Mary had come to the capital of Illinois to look for a husband.C. The capital of Illinois was Springfield in 1838.D. Lincoln fell in love with Mary at the first sight.2. Which of the following is NOT true for Lincoln?A. He was once a lawyer.B. He was in Illinois legislature for at least four terms.C. He met Mary at a dancing ball.D. He thought he danced badly.3. When Lincoln and Mary were together, _____.A. Mary led the conversation and Lincoln listenedB. they discussed politicsC. they read books and poetry togetherD. Lincoln hardly said a word in the conversation4. Mary was a girl who _____.A. came from the poor Todd familyB. spoke Italian well and had a good knowledge of literature and musicC. was to become the wife of Lincoln till his deathD. had married the Illinois governor’s son5. What does the passage mainly talk about?A. Lincoln’s political life.B. Mary Todd’s adventure for looking for a right husband.C. Lincoln's love story with Mary.D. The political change in Illinois in 1839.Passage 3I was due to take my driving test at 11:30 am. It was a rainy morning with low clouds and as I approached the driving school at 9:50 am, my heart sank. My driving instructor, Stan, said something, trying to drive away my fears, but I was not impressed.We set off for the test centre with an hour to go. I wanted a run round the test circuit (圈),building with their respective (各自的) examiners.1. On their way to the test center, Stan tried to comfort the author _______.A. but it made the author’s heart sink deeperB. but the words produced no effectC. so that the author could drive to the center with no fearsD. so that they could prepare for all the traps2. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. Six learners would be tested at the same time.B. The learners were tested in the presence of their instructors.C. None of the six learners passed the test in the end.D. The instructors were as nervous as the learners.3. When the author was sitting in the waiting room, he was quite _______.A. upsetB. nervousC. frightenedD. relaxed4. When it was his turn to take the test, the author went to his car with _______.A. firm confidenceB. mixed emotionsC. increased nervousnessD. perfect calmness5. The passage is mainly about _______.A. the influence of bad weather upon a test takerB. the feelings of a learner before his driving testC. the preparations before a driving testD. an unforgettable dayPassage 4Without proper planning, tourism can cause problems. For example, too many tourists can crowd public places that are also enjoyed by the inhabitants of a country. If tourists create too much traffic, the inhabitants become annoyed and unhappy.1. Which of the following has most probably been discussed in the paragraph that goes before this passage?A. Support facilities are highly necessary.B. Building roads and hotels is essential.C. It is extremely important to develop tourism.D. Planning is of great importance to tourism.2. Too much tourism can cause all these problems EXCEPT ___________.A. pressure on trafficB. a change of tourists’ customsC. overcrowdedness of places of interestD. a bad effect on other industries3. Not enough tourism can lead to ______________.A. an increase of unemploymentB. the higher cost of support facilitiesC. a decrease in tourist attractionsD. a rise in price and a fall in pay4. It is good for local people to know well that tourism will ______________.A. use up a large amount of waterB. help establish their customsC. weaken their economyD. help improve their life5. The word “handle” in the last paragraph most probably means ___________.A. deal withB. get inC. take downD. pick upPassage 5Many people with ordinary jobs may dream of long holidays in foreign countries, but they know they couldn’t afford them even if they could get enough time off from the company. However, there are a few1. Many workers would like to ___________.A. dream of long holidays at homeB. spend a long time in unusual placesC. buy a holiday away from homeD. have a long holiday after many years2. One company____________.A. gives money to employees over 25 yearsB. lends staff money to go on holidaysC. allows long holidays to certain staffD. arranges long holidays for old employees3. Most of the employees in the scheme ____________.A. enjoy leisure activitiesB. develop their hobbiesC. take up photographyD. take foreign trips4. The directors feel that _____________.A. the staff get a lot of pleasures from the schemeB. older staff are very enthusiastic about holidaysC. the scheme is more expensive than they expectedD. the scheme is beneficial to staff relations5. One of the problems is that ________________.A. it is difficult to fill a temporary jobB. some employees are afraid of their colleaguesC. it is difficult for some people to re-adjust to the old routine after a long breakD. employees don’t feel secure when they ar e awayPassage 6Almost every family buys as least one copy of a newspaper every day. Some people subscribe to as many as two or three different newspapers. But why do people read newspapers?Five hundred years ago, news of important happenings — battles lost and won, kings or rulers overthrown (推翻) or killed — took months and even years to travel from one country to another. The news passed by word of1. The phrase “subscribe to” in the first paragraph means _______.A. go to the newspaper stand and buyB. send their own news stories toC. agree to buy for a specific period of timeD. become faithful readers of2. The habit of reading newspapers is _______.A. widespreadB. found among a few familiesC. not popularD. uncommon3. Before the time of the newspaper, _______.A. bad news traveled quickly and good news slowlyB. few people cared about events that took place in far away countriesC. kings and rulers were often overthrown or killedD. news was passed from one person to another4. The author seems to agree that money spent on advertisements is _______.A. wastedB. not muchC. well spentD. of no use to anyone5. Which of the following statements is TRUE?A. Five hundred years ago it took a long time for news to reach other countries.B. Newspaper advertisements turn people's attention away from their products.C. The news that we read in newspapers is mainly about new products.D. When newspapers are sold at a low price, the newspaper producers will lose money.Passage 7 A friend of mine was fond of drawing horses. He drew horses very well, but he always began at the tail. Now it is the Western rule to begin at the head of the horse. That is why I was surprised. It struck me that it could1. A friend of the writer’s drew horses .A. in the way of his own ruleB. in the way of Western ruleC. very wellD. all of the above2. The writer was surprised because __________.A. The artist began to draw at the head of the horseB. The artist began to draw at the tail of the horseC. The artis t followed other people’s rulesD.The artist did not follow other people’s rules3. You are not yet experienced because ___________.A. You do not trust your own powerB. You want to begin at the head at the beginning at the tailC. You always asked questionsD. You don’t know where to begin4. When you become more experienced you will ____________.A. never ask questionB. often begin at the tailC. write the end of the storyD. think of the beginning5. The passage is about _____________.A. how to draw a horseB. trust of your own powerC. how to make your own rulesD. how to write a storyPassage 8Man has always wanted to fly. Some of the greatest men in history have thought about the problem．One of these，for example，was the great Italian artist, Leonardo da Vinci（达·芬奇）．In the sixteenth1. Leonardo da Vinci ______ .A. said that man would fly in the sky one dayB. built a kind of machine which never flewC. drew many beautiful pictures of birdsD. made designs for flying machine2. Eight hundred years ago an Englishman ______.A. made a kind of flying machineB. tried to fly with wings made of chicken featherC. wanted to build a kind of balloonD. tried to fly on a large bird3. In fact，the Englishman who tried to fly ______.A. lost his lifeB. flew only 8minutesC. got badly woundedD. succeeded in flying4. The very first air passengers in the balloon were ______.A. two animalsB. two FrenchmenC. the King and the QueenD. the Montgolfiers5. When did two Frenchmen rise above Paris？A. In December 1783.B. In September 1783.C. In November 1783.D. In the seventeenth century. Passage 9Wedding ceremonies in the United States vary as much as the people do. But many weddings, no matter where or how they are performed, include certain traditional customs. For instance, the bride and groom often exchanged rings at the ceremony. The rings are usually worn on the fourth finger of the left hand, and are exchanged in the middle of the c eremony. Today, the ring shows the couple’s love for one another.1. According to the passage, ________.A. American wedding ceremonies usually have big dinnersB. American wedding ceremonies provide a lot of flowersC. American wedding ceremonies are preferableD. American wedding ceremonies are magnificent2. According to the passage, what does the sentence “no matter where or how they are performed” (para. 1) reallymean?A. The wedding ceremonies may be held everywhere.B. The wedding ceremonies may be held at any time.C. The wedding ceremonies may be held in different ways and places.D. The wedding ceremonies may be held in any way.3. The word “showered” (para. 2) probably means________.A. dressedB. scatteredC. providedD. touched4. From the passage, we can safely conclude that________.A. American couples hold traditional wedding ceremoniesB. American couples hold fashionable wedding ceremoniesC. American couples go on expensive honeymoon tripsD. American couples exchange rings after the honeymoon5. Which of the following is the best title for this passage?A. Weddings in North America.B. Weddings in America.C. Wedding Ceremonies.D. Wedding Traditions. Passage 10Have you ever felt your mind getting confused after a sleepless night? You couldn’t come up with an original thought no matter how hard you tried. You were probably right if you thought that was caused by a lack of sleep. Dr. Home, a sleep researcher in England, studied 24 college students.1. According to the passage, the confusion of your mind is possibly due to _____.A. the lack of sleepB. the difficult questionC. the requirement of your creative thinkingD. the requirement of your original thinking2. Tired people can do everything EXCEPT_____.A. doing simple additionB. doing okay on tests of routine thinkingC. answering the creative question wellD. telling other people their names3. The purpose for Dr. Home to offer a lot of money to the sleepy students is to _____.A. help them repair their brainsB. stimulate their interests of the questionC.buy some medicine which can make them excitingD. encourage them to do better4. Who might be better instructed in their work after reading this passage?A. Nurses.B. Children.C. Students.D. Businessmen.5. We can learn from the passage that _____.A. a foolish man with good sleep may answer creative question wellB. a pilot should fly the aircraft after having good sleepC. enough sleep is good for your emergency decisionsD. both B and CPassage 11There are different ideas about pets in different parts of the world. In most cultures, animals are in a worse position than human beings. In some cases, however, people treat their pets like members of their families, or perhaps better. In the United States and Europe, there are special shops that sell clothing and food for cats and dogs. Pets around the world live in a great variety of ways, just as people do.1. According to the passage, in most countries _______________.A. animals are in a worse position than human beingsB. people treat their pets like members of their familiesC. there are special shops that sell clothing for dogs and catsD. pets such as dogs and cats are very popular2. According to the passage, there are _________________.A. many owners of dogs and cats in the United States and EuropeB. restaurants for dogs in every city in FranceC. no dogs or cats that wear clothingD. some people who treat their pets far better than they treat their children3. For many people, pets may have a more practical function because _______________.A. pets are often useful companions for old peopleB. cats and dogs can be used to keep away miceC. pets can sometimes be sold to make moneyD. some pets may show loving feelings for their owners4. In your opinion, which of the following sentences is probably true?A. Dogs and cats like to wear expensive clothing.B. Many people visit the dog restaurant in France.C. People in every part of the world like to buy fine clothing for their pets.D. In some cases, animals have better food and clothing than people.5. The main idea of this reading passage is _______________.A. Dogs enjoy fine restaurantsB. A rich cat can afford to go to any restaurantC. People treat pets in very different ways in different parts of the worldD. It is stupid to have special food and clothing for animalsPassage 12Personal computers and the Internet (互联网) give people new choices about how to spend their time.E-mail (电子邮件) makes it easy to work at home, convenience (方便), a eliminate (排除) any of the ways.1.The purpose of this passage is to ________.A. explain how to use the InternetB. describe the writer's joy of keeping up with new technologyC. tell the merits and usefulness of the InternetD. introduce the reader to basic knowledge about personal computers and the Internet2. The use of e-mail has made it possible for the writer to ________.A. spend less time workingB. have more free time with his childC. work at home on weekendsD. work at a speed comfortable to him3. According to the writer, e-mail has a clear advantage over the telephone because e-mail helps one _______.A. reach a group of people at one time convenientlyB. keep one’s communication as personal as possibleC. pass on much more information than the telephoneD. get in touch with one’s friends faster than the telephone4. The passage discussed all the following elements of e-mail EXCEPT _______.A. its costB. the way of writingC. the saving of timeD. its easy and convenient use5. The best subject for this passage is ________.A. Computers: New Technological AdvancesB. Internet: A New Tool to Make FriendsC. Computers Have Made Life EasierD. Internet: A Convenient Tool for Communication3. 词汇与结构单选题1. Singing these songs, I could not help the good old days.A. thinking overB. thinking outC. thinking ofD. thinking up2. You should take the medicine after you read theA. linesB. wordsC. instructionsD. suggestions3. Peter worked so fast with the maths problems a lot of mistakes.A. as to makeB. that madeC. to makeD. that he made4. The car at the present speed until it reaches the foot of the mountain at about ten o’clock tonight.A. would goB. will be goingC. wentD. goes5. You can’t be careful when driving a car.A. tooB. veryC. alsoD. enough.6. For some years after his graduation, he some of his classmates, but as times went by, he dropped them one by one.A. caught up withB. kept in touch withC. kept upD. made up with7. Everyone of them tired and wanted a good rest.A. seemsB. is seemedC. was seemedD. seemed8. Uncle Sam sent him a bicycle as a birthday present.A. red sport newB. sports new redC. new red sportsD. new sports red9. By the time they arrive in Shenzhen, we here for three days.A. have stayedB. shall stayC. have been stayingD. will have stayed10. The teacher told us never to put off till tomorrow we can do today.A. whatB. whichC. whoD. that11. It has been ten years since the Labor Party came into in that country.A. controlB. forceC. powerD. charge12. The factory 20,000 bicycles a monthA. turns intoB. turns upC. turns inD. turns out13. The audience dressed in a variety of ways, some in suits and dresses, some in jeans.A. isB. hasC. areD. have14. I prefer this painting that one.A. toB. withC. thanD. over15. The students their papers by the end of this month.A. have finishedB. will have finishedC. will be finishingD. have been finishing16. As they can’t afford to let the situation get worse, they will take some necessary.A. decisionsB. sidesC. directionsD. steps17. This is the photo I have ever taken.A. worseB. betterC. bestD. most worst18. The news made the old lady very .A. sadderB. sadC. sadlyD. sadness19. The test is for students native language is not English.A. thatB. whoseC. of whomD. which20. The singer and composer of the song _________ party.A. were attendingB. were to attendC. is to attendD. are to attend21. It’s time______.A. go to schoolB. play gamesC. to go homeD. do my homework22. He made a living in the past ________ in a middle school.A. teachingB. taughtC. by teachingD. on teaching23. If city noises _________from increasing, people_________ shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 yearsfrom now.A. are not kept, will have toB. are not kept, have toC. do not keep, will have toD. do not keep, have to24. Children under 12 years of age in that country ________ be under adult supervision when in a public library.A. mustB. mayC. canD. need25. It was difficult to guess what her ________ to the news would be.A. impressionB. commentC. reactionD. opinion26. Danny _________ hard for long to realize his dream and now he is popular.A. worksB. is workingC. has workedD. had worked27. During the future examinations you should avoid ________ such mistakes.A. makeB. to makeC. makingD. made28. Measles a long time to get over.A. spendB. spendsC. takeD. takes29. Nancy is considered to be ________ the other students in her class.A. less intelligentB. the most intelligentC. intelligent as wellD. as intelligent as30. The race was so close that everyone was _________ at the finish.A. holding his breathB. working outC. winning overD. thinking of31. Our neighbors are preparing to welcome their son, who _________ from the United States tomorrow.A. returnsB. had returnedC. is returningD. will have returned32. Little Tommy was reluctant to tell the school master ______________ he had done the day before.A. thatB. whatC. whereD. how33. By the time the course ends, _______ a lot about the British way of life.A. we have learnedB. we’ll learn . we are learning D. we’ll have learned34. I I were a bird.A. hopeB. wishC. expectD. image35. A small child has to learn to keep its _______ before he can walk far.A. borderB. blockC. baggageD. balance36. The bus had gone when I _______ at the bus stop．A. have arrived B．arrived C. had arrived D. am arriving37. When _______ where he was born, John said that he was a New Yorker.A. askingB. being askedC. was askedD. asked38. It is time we _______ computers to the production of iron and steel.A. appliedB. will applyC. have appliedD. would have applied39. Researchers cannot ______ the possibility that Earth may one day run out of its orbit.A. hand outB. drop outC. rule outD. keep out40. He was _______ the prize for being the fastest runner in this competition.A. rewardedB. awardedC. succeededD. won41. Only when you have acquired a good knowledge _______ fulfill the task.A. you mayB. can youC. you canD. should you42. _____ the storm we should have arrived at least five minutes earlier for the meeting.A. In spite ofB. As a result ofC. But forD. Except for43. Nancy was so shy that she looked _____ when she was standing before the audience.A. frighteningB. confusedC. embarrassedD. discouraged44. If you put too many potatoes in that paperbag it will _____.A. overcrowdB. burstC. breakD. crack45. Tom _______ attended the meeting last night, but he didn't as he suddenly fell ill.A. could haveB. hadC. must haveD. should have46. At the beginning of this semester, our history professor _____ a list of books for us to read.A. fished outB. made outC. passed onD. handed in47. The unemployment rate in this district_______ from 6% to 5% in the past two years.A. has fallenB. had fallenC. is fallingD. was falling48. He thought for a long time but still could not _____ a solution.A. take overB. come up withC. watch overD. get on with49. _____ hearing the sad news, the mother cried out.A. IntoB. ForC. ByD. On50. Sam can be sad _____, though in public he is always happy.A. as individualB. by himselfC. in privateD. in person51. The committee member agree to the proposal that the issue _______ to the vote.A. is to be putB. should putC. is putD. be put52. I am trying to understand _____ that makes him late for work again.A. what it isB. why it isC. why it doesD. what it does53. _____ decision he made I would try my best to support it.A. AnythingB. WhoeverC. WhatD. Whatever54. His carelessness _____ his failure in the examination.A. lay inB. resulted fromC. led toD. settled down55. There is no ticket _____ for the performance this evening.A. considerableB. preferableC. availableD. possible56. By the end of this year, our new workshop will _____.A. finishB. be finishedC. to finishD. have been finished57. When you have difficulty, you could _____ your friends for help.A. turn toB. turn outC. turn overD. turn into58. He bought an insurance _____ further losses of fire.A. intoB. againstC. forD. on59. By the end of this month, we surely _____a satisfactory solution to the problem.A. have foundB. will be findingC. will have foundD. may have60. We _____ our breakfast when the old woman came to the door.A. just have hadB. had just hadC. just hadD. have just had。
汉语作为第二语言语法教学作业作业内容：称数法语法知识整理作业完成者：成思家、袁瑾、刘慧芳、范博完成时间：2011年10月17日一、留学生称数法偏误及分析（一）偏误类型1. “一”的增减。
一十八位同学一百十四人2. 日期称法中“二”的使用。
二千年二千年五月十二日从二千年至二千零四年3. “上……”的用法。
上十万的人死于吸烟4.亿与“个”的搭配。
不会几亿个人死或生病吧几亿个人那么饿地球上生活着六十多亿个人世界上还有数亿个因缺粮食饿死的人呢5. 表示数量多时的夸大。
在万花盛开的美丽的春季6. 母语负迁移十千，几百千（二）涉及的语法知识：称数法的相关知识二、称数法语法知识补白（一）以“一”开头的两位数,“11－19”，十位数的数词为“一”，称数时“一”略去不说; 六位数（10，0000）、十位数在（10，0000，0000）称数时，省略前面的“一”；其他位数的数字在称数时，不可省略“一”，如：118，一百一十八。
（二）年份称数时，自2000年至2009年，当把年份看做一个基数词时，要用“两”，不能用“二”。
如：2000，要说两千年，而不是二千年；2008，要说两千零八年，而不是二千零八年。
（三）在使用“上”+ 数词的时候，只有“上百、上千、上万”的说法。
（四）当用到“几亿人”时，“亿”通常表示一个宏观的整体，在这种情况下，一般不加“个”。
如：可以说几亿人，而不能说几亿个人。
（五）百花盛开---固定词组，但可以说万家灯火，万紫千红。
（六）整数的称数法汉语的基数词分系数与位数两部分。
系数词是：零一二（两）三四五六七八九十。
位数词是：个十百千万十万百万千万亿等。
“十”以下的数目，只用系数词来称数。
“十”以上的数目，要把系数词与位数词结合起来称数，系数词放在位数词之前，个位数有“位”但没有位数词。
位数与前面的系数是相乘的关系，不同位数（连同前面的系数）的数值是相加的关系。
数目在“万”以上时，以“万”为单位，“万”位照读，“万”以上的位数和“万”以下一样，仍读作“十、百、千”，而不是“十万、百万、千万”。
陕师大2012英语专业考研专业课真题（含二外）（回忆版）专业课（语言学文学）语言学方面（75分）名词解释1. assimilation rules2. bound morpheme3. connotative meaning4. euphemism5. task-based instruction(teaching method)简答题1. 解释minimal pairs,并举例，说明其在phonology study中的重要性2. 歧义分析并且附上树形分析图①The sheepdog is too hairy to eat ②burning grass is dangerous3. 分析小短文写个comment, 有两段，第一段是将作者从教之后的教学手段从少到多变化，以及现代教学手段的多样。
第二段是说自己曾经被别人告知以前学的法语对英语教学没帮助，现在才明白其实什么语言都有用，（我个人觉得应该在comment中评价语言的相通性，所有的语言都有共同特性，作为老师应当博学，对英语的nature才能更了解，仅供参考，嘻嘻）小段4. 一段文章翻译其中的4小段。
（个人觉得应该是韩礼德或者乔姆斯基或者某个语言学家自己写的语言研究记事，其中有语言学专业名称也带一点点文学小性质，总之翻的我很纠结呀，时间紧迫）文学方面（75分）名词解释1. allegory2. parody3. fantasy4．trochee (扬抑格）5. stream of conscienciousness简答1. 说一下neoclaisscism 的文学特色，以及这个时期各种文ro体及代表人2. Ronbinson crusoe为什么在自己的孤岛上刚开始讨厌想逃离，后来回到欧洲大陆以后又想回去？3. 为什么惠特曼是American literature 的innovator4. henry james 的realism 与mark twin 的realism有什么区别评论四选一 1. VanityFair 2. My Last Duchess 3. Martin Eden 4. 永别了武器(这是我能回忆起来的专业课真题了，请谅解，等想起来了再补充）基础英语1. 20个单选，有语法有词汇，语法类似专四难度但要小心，词汇一般不算太难2. 10个改错，个人感觉和冲击波难度差不多，做的纠结的，痛苦3. 阅读理解，4篇单选没有像去年传说中一样有多选。
2023-2024学年第一学期期末试卷1、With people paying attention to fitness, self-service mini-gyms, each covering about 5 square meters, ________ in China’s major cities these years.A．have sprung up B．sprang upC．had sprung up D．spring up2、－I was afraid I would miss the important lecture.－Oh, was that why you _______asking me to speed up?A．had kept B．are keepingC．would keep D．kept3、He was still full of optimism for the future despite many problems, and never once ______him get worried or upset.A．I saw B．I would seeC．did I see D．would I see4、－You know, people have different opinions about the construction of the project.－We welcome any comments from them, favorable or _______.A．so B．otherwiseC．else D．rather5、According to a recent study, the high school graduation rate for black men has fallen by43 percent, while ________ of black women has risen by 56 percent.A．that B．whatC．one D．which6、-My computer doesn't work!-Robert is a computer expert. How I wish he______ with me.A．came B．had comeC．is coming D．has come7、By the time I saw the angry expression on his face, I ________ exactly what I was having to face.A．knew B．had known C．would know D．have known8、___________ and they will finish off the challenging job.A．In a week B．A week later C．After a week D．Another week9、There is no easy way to remember prepositions, as it is one area of English____ the rules seem very irregular.A．that B．whereC．whose D．which10、They arrived at the border between Kenya and Tanzania at 2 pm, ______ lies a national nature reserve.A．what B．which C．where D．when第二部分阅读理解（满分20分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
第 1 页 共 20 页《语法》作业（一）I. elect one answer from the choices provided after each sentence. The word you choose should fit the blank in the sentence:1. Fifteen miles (seems, seem) like a long walk to me.2. Either my brothers or my father (is, are) coming.3. The rest of the novel (is, are) very interesting.4. Our family (is, are) a happy one.15. It was reported that six (was, were) including a boy.6. Between the two buildings (stands, stand) a monument.7. Every boy and every girl in this room (is, are) entitled to a copy.8. Few of my family really (understands, understand) me.9. What caused the accident and who was responsible for it (remains, remain) a mystery to us.10. I, who (is, am) your good friend, will share your joys and sorrows.11. There are two roads and either (leads, lead) to the station.12. The whole class (was, were) greatly moved at his words.13. The wounded (is, are) being taken good care of here now.14. The police (is, are) searching for a prisoner.15. The United Nations (was, were) founded in 1945.16. All that can be eaten (has, have) been eaten up.17. Nothing but cars (is, are) sold in the shop.18. His brother, rather than his parents, (is, are) to blame.19. There (comes, come) the three noisy children from next door.20. The boy sitting by the window is the only one of the students who (is, are) from the countryside in our school.21. He suffers from diabetes, which (is, are) a kind of chronic disease.22. My father, together with some of his old friends, (has, have) been there already.23. Those who (enjoys, enjoy) singing may join us.24. Many a student (has made, have made) that mistake before.25. Deer (runs, run) faster than dogs.26. No one except Jack and Tom (knows, know) the answer.27. Half of the material (has, have) been taken away.28. More than one student (has, have) failed the exam.29. Because there (is, are) so many students in that class, I can sometimes sleep in the back row.30. Some of the water (has, have) already gone bad.31. My family as well as I (am, are) glad to see you.第 2 页 共 20 页32. Twenty miles (is, are) a long way to cover.33. Over 80 percent of the population (is, are) workers.34. Politics (is, are) one of the subjects that I study.35. There (is, are) priceless jeweler on display at the exhibition hall.36. Each of the footballers (weighs, weigh) over 150 pounds.37. Measles (is, are) an infectious disease.38. Each man and each woman there (is, are) asked to help.39. At the foot of the mountain (was, were) two enormous vineyards, both owned by the same woman.40. Neither Luis nor his parents (is, are) the least bit interested in keeping in touch with her. 41The United Nations (was, were) formed in San Francisco in 1945.42The government (is, are) doing its best to boost production.43That family (is, are) a very happy one.44The football team (is, are) having baths and then coming back here for tea.45A lot of machinery (was, were) imported from abroad.46The public (was, were) convinced of his innocence.47War and peace (is, are) a constant theme in history.487John, rather than his roommates, (is, are) to blame.49Many a boy (was, were) disappointed after seeing the film.50A number of pages (is, are) badly torn.51There (is, are) more than one answer to your question.52All of the fruit (looks, look) ripe.II ．Choose the best answer from the four choices given:1. Can you lend me _______ pencil so that I can finish _______ test?A. a …theB. a …aC. the …theD. the …a2. This is ________ first time that the child has seen ________ elephant.A. a …aB. a …theC. the …anD. a …an 3. When Linda was a child, her mother always let her have bed.A. the breakfast inB. the breakfast in theC. breakfast inD. breakfast in the4. ______ usually go to church every Sunday.A. The BrownB. A BrownC. BrownsD. The Browns5. The investigators found that more should be done for ________ in India.第 3 页 共 20 页A. those poorB. a poorC. poorD. the poor6. The city assigned a policeman to the school crossing because ________ traffic there was so heavy.A. aB. anC. theD. /7. I had ________ trouble with ________ car this morning.A. a …aB. /…aC. /…theD. the …the8. He has promised to give up ________ hundreds of times.A. a tobaccoB. tobaccoC. the tobaccoD. tobaccos9. The train is running fifty miles ________.A. an hourB. one hourC. the hourD. a hour10. They told me that they had ________ respect for their employer.A. aB. theC. /D. quite a11. Ann’s habit of riding a motorcycle up and down the road early in the morning annoyed the neighbors and ________ they took her to the court.A. in the endB. at the endC. in an endD. in end12. He grabbed me ________ and pulled me onto the bus.A. by an armB. an armC. the armD. by the arm13. She is wearing ________ beautiful dress her mother bought her.A. /B. aC. anD. the14. I love ________ mountains, but I hate ________ sea.A. the …theB. /…theC. /…/D. the …/15. Hundreds of people are ________ now, so there are about 50 people trying for the same position.A. out of the workB. out workC. out of workD. out of a work16. I didn ’t know why he looked angry when I patted him ________.A. on the headB. on headC. on a headD. on his head17. The DMZ extends about two hundred kilometers ________.A. from east to westB. from the east to westC. from the east to the westD. from eastern to western18. Never travel with ________ who leaves you in case of danger.A. the friendB. that friendC. a friendD. friendIII ．Put the verbs in brackets into the proper tenses:1. I wish I ________ (be) handsome.2. I ________ (see) Bill this morning, but I ________ (not see) him since.3. I __________ (know) Carl since I __________ (be) a little child.4. It’s high time we _________ (go) now.5. She ________ (see) her doctor twice a week.第 4 页 共 20 页6. The room ________ (measure) five metros by four.7. If you ________ (ask) me, I would have told you the whole story.8. If the weather ________ (be) not warm, you couldn ’t grow tobacco.9. I ________ (write) an essay since two o ’clock.10. You ________ (live) in North London, don ’t you?11. I’d rather you ________ (go) now.12. Helen ________ (tell) me you are seriously ill. Why didn’t you tell me yourself?13. I ’ll make sure that everything ________ (be) in order.14. We must take an umbrella. It ________ (rain).15. A: Do you like this silk dress?B: Yes, I do. It ________ (feel) so soft.16. I don ’t think Jim saw me; he ________ (read) a book at that moment.17. We _____ (begin) to learn English five years ago. We ____ it for five years up to now.18. Mr. Smith _______ (write) a book about China last year, but I don ’t know whether he has finished it.19. It just isn’t fair: while I __________ (work) as a waiter last month, my fri ends __________ (lie) on the beach.20. George ________ (get) up at five o’clock every day this week to prepare for his examination.21. If only I ________ (have) more money, I could buy some new clothes.22. I ________ (listen) to the radio when you ________ (ring) the bell the first time, that ’s why I ________ (not hear) you.23. There ________ (be) no hospitals in my hometown fifty years ago.24. Jane ________ (buy) a new dress every month when she was in Shanghai.25. A: I called you at seven yesterday evening, but there was no answer.B: Oh, I am sorry. I ________ (have) dinner at my friend ’s home.26. Mrs. Smith ________ (leave) her keys in the office, so she had to wait until her husband ________ (come) home.27. When the teacher came in, the students ________ (talk) about the new film.28. A: Did you see Tom at the party?B: No, he ________ (leave) by the time I got there.29. A: Don ’t forget to ask him to write to me.B: I won ’t. As soon as he ________ (come), I’ll ask him to write to you.30. While the train _______ (still move), a great many men suddenly ______ (jump) out. I _______ (think) that something terrible _______ (happen), so I ______ (run) away. 31. I ________ (know) Miss Huggins for several years. I (read) her latest novel, but I . (not finish) it yet.第 5 页 共 20 页32. When she (arrive) I (telephone) Harry. (=She arrived during my telephone call.)33. As soon as I (know), I’ll ring you up. 34. If he (study) harder, he will catch up with us soon. 35. Frank (come) to see his grandma if he (be) free tomorrow. 36. We were all surprised when he made it clear that he (leave) office soon. 37. He turned off the light and then (leave). 38. Our geography teacher told us yesterday that the earth (turn) around the sun. 39If I ________ (have) a better command of the language, I ________ (try) to translate the book into English.40Jane suggested that we ________ (do) the work in three groups.41It is quite important that we ________ (keep) all the things discussed here a secret.42I’ll keep a seat for you in case you ________ (change) your mind.43If she ________ (take) more exercises, she ________ (be) much healthier44. If she had not been ill, she ________ (not miss) so many lessons.45. I am not tired. If I were tired, I ________ (have) a rest.46. I wish I ________ (have) more spare time.47If I ________ (know) her address, I would write to her.48. You are late. If you had come a few minutes earlier, you ________ (see) our old friend Tom.49. It is time we ________ (begin) our discussion.IV ． Put into the blanks an appropriate modal auxiliary verb from the brackets:1. Although the boy is only eight years old, he ________ (must, can, may, should) speak English very well.2. This dictionary ________ (may, must, can ’t, mustn ’t) be Liu Ying ’s. Look! Her name is on the cover.3. A: Come back home every month.B: I ________ (will, must, should, can).4. A: Shall I tell Mary about it?B: No, you ________ (mustn ’t, can ’t, needn ’t, shouldn ’t). I’ve told her already.5. A: Excuse me. Will you please tell me the way to the station?B: Oh, sorry, I don ’t know. You ________ (may, must, would, should) go and ask that policeman.6. Read the text louder, please. I _____ (wouldn ’t, can ’t, needn ’t, may not) hear you.7. We _______ (may, can, should, need) keep the new traffic law and learn how to protect ourselves.8. A: May I put my bike here?B: No, you _____ (couldn ’t, needn ’t, won ’t, mustn ’t). You should put it over there.9. A: Listen! Helen is singing in the next room.第 6 页 共 20 页B: It ________ (mustn ’t, may, should, can ’t) be Helen. She has gone to Beijing.10. Peter ________ (must, may, can, will) come with us tonight, but I am not very sure.11. Cars and buses ________ (can, need, must, may) stop when the traffic lights are red.12. Johnny, you ________ (won ’t, mustn ’t, shouldn ’t, can ’t) play with the knife, or you ________ (can’t , may, must, shouldn ’t) hurt yourself.13. A: ________ (may, must, should, will) I ask you a question?B: Sure. But you ________ (can, must, could, would) wait a minute.14. The city cleaners ________ (may, can, might, have to) repeat their work many times a day during the dust-storm season.15. A: Must I come at four o ’clock?B: Oh, no, you ________ (mustn ’t, can ’t, don’t, don’t have to).16. A: Could I take this seat?B: Yes, you ________ (could, may, must, need).V ． Multiple choices:1. The house built of ________ was once used as a warehouse.A. stoneB. stonesC. a stoneD. some stones2. There is ________ on your nose.A. an eggB. the eggC. eggD. eggs3. There are trees on ________ side of the street.A. such aB. bothC. someD. each4. There ’s ________ water in the bottle.A. fewB. a number ofC. plenty ofD. any5. ________ work has to be done before the plant goes into operation.A. MuchB. DoubleC. A number ofD. Neither6. The students spent ________ their time working in the fields.A. bothB. mostC. moreD. half7. I saw ________ boys at the cinema.A. the bothB. many aC. both theD. the several8. ________ cases have been reported.A. Such fewB. Such someC. Few suchD. Some these9. A: Did you see Tom at the party?B: No, he ________ by the time I got there.A. had leftB. was leavingC. leftD. has left10. A: Do you know Miss Wang?B: Yes. I first met her two years ago. She ________ at a radio shop at that time.A. was workingB. has workedC. is workingD. had worked第 7 页 共 20 页11. A: What did Mr. Jones do before he moved here?B: He ________ a city bus for over twenty-five years.A. is drivingB. droveC. has drivenD. drives12. Hurry up! The play ______ for ten minutes.A. has been onB. has begunC. had begunD. began13. I ’m sorry to have kept you waiting.B: Oh, not at all. I ________ here only a few minutes.A. have comeB. had beenC. wasD. have been14. Do you think that the classroom ________ every day?B: Yes, I think so.A. should cleanB. should be cleaningC. should cleanedD. should be cleaned15. I wasn ’t at home yesterday. I ________ to help with the harvest on the farm.A. askedB. was askedC. was askingD. had asked16. A: May I speak to Mr. Smith?B: Sorry, he ________ Australia. But he ________ in two days.A. has been to; will come backB. has gone to; will be backC. has been in; would come backD. is leaving for; doesn ’t come back17. I haven ’t heard from Jim for a long time.B: What do you think ________ to him?A. was happeningB. to happenC. has happenedD. had happened18. I like my new bike. It ________ very well.A. ridesB. is ridingC. is riddenD. has ridden19. The old man was quite weak after the accident, so he ________.A. must be taken careB. must take care ofC. must be looked afterD. must look after 20. What a nice bike! How long you it?B. Just two weeks.A. have; boughtB. did; buyC. have; hadD. are; having21. The television . It doesn ’t work now.A. must repairB. was repairingC. must be repairedD. has repaired 22. A: Do you think this kind of apple well?B : No, I don’t think so.A. have soldB. sellsC. are soldD. would sell 23. A: Can you tell me whom the play in 1998?B: Sorry, I don ’t know.第 8 页 共 20 页A. was written byB. was writtenC. is written byD. is written 24He did it in ________ time it took me.A. the one-thirdB. half aC. the doubleD. one-third the25Are you going to buy ________ rice?A. all theseB. these allC. all thisD. both these26________ evenings he did enjoy himself very much.A. The first fewB. The few firstC. The first someD. Some the first27Why is there ________ traffic on the streets in February than in May?A. lessB. fewerC. fewD. little28There are trees on ________ side of the street.A. such aB. bothC. someD. each29There ’s ________ water in the bottle.A. fewB. a number ofC. plenty ofD. any30There must be ________ empty talk but more hard work.A. fewerB. noC. the leastD. less31The house built of ________ was once used as a warehouse.A. stoneB. stonesC. a stoneD. some stones32There is ________ on your nose.A. an eggB. the eggC. eggD. eggs33This will please ________.A. the eyesB. eyesC. the eyeD. people ’s eyes34. No sooner had the teacher left the classroom _________ the students made noises.A. rather thanB. beforeC. would ratherD. than35 No matter who _________ this game gets to play against Carret in the final.A. winsB. beatsC. winD. beat36There must be ________ empty talk but more hard work.A. fewerB. noC. the leastD. less37Are you going to buy ________ rice?第 9 页 共 20 页A. all theseB. these allC. all thisD. both these38 Either you or he _________ against traffic regulations.A. is drivingB. are drivingC. driveD. have driven39A: Did you see Tom at the party?B: No, he ________ by the time I got there.A. had leftB. was leavingC. leftD. has left40A: What a nice bike! How long ________ you ________ it?B. Just two weeks.A. have; boughtB. did; buyC. have; hadD. are; having41When I got to the cinema, the film________ for ten minutes.A. has begunB. had begunC. had been onD. was42I saw ________ boys at the cinema.A. the bothB. many aC. both theD. the several43I like my new bike. It ________ very well.A. ridesB. is ridingC. is riddenD. has ridden44A: Do you know Miss Wang?B: Yes. I first met her two years ago. She ________ at a radio shop at that time.A. was workingB. has workedC. is workingD. had worked45They paid ________ money for the machine than I expected.A. littleB. lessC. muchD. fewer46 I’d like ________ paper.A. a fewB. severalC. a bit ofD. these47 There are ________ mistakes in the paper.A. theB. a littleC. muchD. a fewVI ． Rewrite the following sentences:A. Put the following sentences into the passive voice (by phrase may be omitted):1. Someone will tell you how to prepare for the examination.2. They criticized me for something wrong that I had done.第 10 页 共 20 页3. It surprised me to hear that they wouldn't give him a holiday after his hard work.4. Someone must have turned on the light without your notice.5. They won't hold the meeting until next Friday.6. Someone has taken the stranger to another hospital.7. They have found ways to make waste water clean.8. They gave him a medal for his wonderful work.9Do you wash your clothes very often?10Must I do all the exercises on my own?11People call him Little Old Man.12He told me to wait here for him.13Tom broke the window.14Someone has left the light on.15They will look after your baby well.16You ’ll have to write out the names clearly.17We must take down the notice quickly.18People are talking about it all over the town.19How should we account for this?20Have they looked into the matter?B. Rephrase the following, using the alternative words given in brackets:1. When we reached the football ground, the game had not yet started. (before)2. We arrived at the station and then we bought the tickets. (as soon as)3. The secretary had typed three letters. I came in. (by the time)4. She only noticed it after he had pointed it out. (until)5. He answered eight advertisements. Then he got a job. (before)6. When I met George, he had not yet heard the news. (before)7. When we reached the football ground, the game had already started. (after)8. He did all his work. He went to bed. (by the time)VII ． Translate the following into English:1. 据说，他能说几种外国语。
