20141022初中英语名词

（20141022）Lesson 3 音标[a:] [Λ] [æ] [e] 练习◆[a:]发这个音的字母和字母组合a a r a u e a ra:c l a s s d a n c e f a s t f a t h e r l a s ta r:c a r s t a r s h a r p M a r c h d a r ka u:l a u g h a u n t e a r:h e a r teg: It’s too far to see the shark. It’s too dark to see the shar k. Oh! The shark’s teeth are sharp！Exercise: 根据发音规则，圈出发[ a: ]的2个单词。

1.arm lip doctor card2. cloud cart garden gate3.ball scarf dark tiger4. job lorry March park◆[Λ]发这个音的字母和字母组合o u o o o uo:s o n c o m e c o l o u r l o v e m o n e yu:s u n j u m p g u m b u s b r u s h s u p p e r u so u:t o u c h c o u s i n c o u n t r yeg: Hurry up! Hurry up! A duck cuts a bug in the mud!Exercise:根据发音规则，找出每组中发[Λ]的单词。

1.hear cup bed air2. voice boy duck ant3.vase corn bear gun4. cute boy money her◆[æ]发这个音的字母和字母组合aa:d a d c a p c a t b a d a p p l e b a g f l a g h a n d r a b b i t a n t b l a c kf a t h a s s t a n d r a t m a peg: Cat! Cat! Catch that fat cat!Exercise: 根据发音规则，找出每组中发[æ]的单词。

1.rat bed face sport2.hear cup fat pear3.rice bat finger tree4.sea young knife apple◆[e]发这个音的字母和字母组合e eae:e g g b e l l d e s k l e g p e t t e n p e ne a:b r e a d h e a d b r e a kf a s teg: Ted has an egg and some bread and goes to bedExercise: 根据发音规则，找出每组中不发[e]的单词。

1.cat well leg pen2.sweat map pet elephant3.egg ten tall desk4.bread head bed toy一、音标[a:] [ʌ] [æ][e]练习[a:] [ʌ] [æ] [e]f a st f u n bag begh ear t b u t bad bedc ard c u t pat pet音标[a:] [ʌ] [æ] [e] 练习一．抄写音标，一个抄写5遍。

[a:][ʌ][æ][e]____二．选出下列没有相同发音的词。

( ) 1. car arm food garden( ) 2. true jump bus cut( ) 3. bag short map flag( ) 4. egg pen head small( ) 5. got clock bell dog( ) 6. rabbit book wood foot( ) 7. rat bat apple ten( ) 8. gun star duck moneg三. 写出单词或音标。

［pa:st］[ru:m] [swet] [sit][fæt] [gɔt] [shә:t] breadbag car bus star head四. 选出下列每题中元音有几种读音，有一种读音的在（）里标注1,有两种读音的标注2,以此类推。

( ) 1. hat fast cook last( ) 2. jeep door sun gum( ) 3. dad cap hand map( ) 4. star car cut from( ) 5. skirt sheep bird her五. 改变下列单词的一个字母,使它变成另一个单词like_________________(交通工具)hat ________________(动物)lake ________________(食品)nice _______________(数字)hot _________________(用品)well _______________(用品)一、名词（n.）的种类注意：1）普通名词前一般要加a或者an或者the例如：a book the key2)专有名词的第一个字母一般大写，前面加the,且the首字母不大写例如：the USA the UN3）人名前若有尊称或者头衔，第一字母大写例如：Chairman Hu4）集体名词作主语时，谓语只能用单数例如：Class one is the No.1 in the sports game5）可数名词有数的概念，单数名词前一般加a/an；复数名词词尾一般加-s/-es例如：an egg a box of eggs6）专有名词、物质名词和抽象名词一般属于不可数名词，除此之外有一种判断不可数名词的方法：液体物质：water. oil .soup小颗粒物：dust sand自然现象：light snow wind抽象概念：thought importance消息、建议：advice news information事物总称：clothing jewelry二、名词（n.）的数（一）可数名词的数★1．名词的单数形式一般可用a来修饰，如* a car，*a book在元音发音开头的单词前用an，如* an elephant，* an apple请区别：a useful machine，an unusual thing, an honest boy★2.名词变复数的规则变化：（1）一般在词尾加-s（2）以-s, -x, -sh, -ch结尾的加-es 读/iz/例如：box----______ bus----_____ dish----_____ watch----_____（3）以辅音字母加y结尾，改y为i再加-es,Eg: country – ______ factory – _____以元音字母加y 结尾的名词，直接加-s，Eg: boy –______ monkey –______（4）部分以f或fe结尾的词：把f、fe改为v，再加-es（妻子拿刀去宰狼，有个小偷发了慌，躲在架后保己命，半树叶子掉光光。

）Wife knife wolf thief shelf self life half leaf(5) 以o结尾的名词加―s‖ /z/* radio – radios * zoo – zoos除了两人两水果，加―es‖构成复数potato –______ tomato –______hero –______ Negro - ______★3. 名词变复数的不规则变化：(1)单复数同形Chinese –______ fish –______Japanese –______ sheep –______(2)变元音字母oo为eetooth –______ foot –______(3)变man为menman – men policeman –______woman – women Frenchman –______请区别：German(德国人) – Germans(4)其它形式child – children mouse – mice(5)一些合成名词的复数构成分两种情况a. 将中心词变为复数girlfriend –______grandchild –______b. man,woman 构成的合成词，每个名词都要变成复数a man doctor –______ a woman teacher –______(6)常以复数形式出现的名词people clothes police trousers glasses这些名词作主语时，注意它们的谓语用复数* My clothes ______(be)newer than yours.* The police often ______ (come) here.(7)可用how many，many，any，some，a few，few，lots of, a lot of 等修饰可数名词复数*There are a few people in the park.*How many knives are there in your pencil-box?Exercise: 根据所给单词的正确形式填空：1. Different people may have different _____. (idea)2. I often go to work on . (foot)3. I know one of the . (boy)4. Mr. Brown is wearing a pair of . (glass)5. Please give them their . (photo)6. Are there any in the box? (watch)7. There are twelve in a year. (month)8. Would you like some ? (tomato)9. Look at those in the boats! (people)10. Look! The are singing. (woman)11. Two (sheep) are eating the grass at the foot of the hill.12. Would you like some ? (tomato)13. Look! The are singing. (woman)14. Jim has some . (knife)15.In the picture there are many______(deer) and two_______(fox).(二)不可数名词的数★不可数名词物质名词和抽象名词属于不可数名词如: water，rice，fish，meat 等。