初中英语语法讲解:非谓语动词
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初中英语语法公式非谓语动词
非谓语动词是指在句子中不表示谓语关系,可作主语、宾语、定语、
状语等的动词形式。
在初中英语语法中,常见的非谓语动词有动词不定式、动名词和分词。
1.动词不定式
a. 主动形式:to + 动词原形(to do)
b. 被动形式:to be + 动词过去分词(to be done)
c. 完成形式:to have + 动词过去分词(to have done)
2.动名词
动名词的形式为动词 + -ing(doing)
3.分词
a. 现在分词:动词原形 + -ing(doing)
b. 过去分词:动词过去式或不规则过去分词形式(done)
非谓语动词在句子中具有以下用法:
1. 作主语:To travel is his dream.(不定式)
2. 作宾语:I like swimming.(动名词) / She wants to join
the club.(不定式)
3. 作定语:The book on the table is mine.(现在分词) / The girl with a red hat is my friend.(分词)。
初中非谓语动词的知识点概述
非谓语动词是一种特殊的动词形式,不具备时态和人称的变化。
在初中语法研究中,非谓语动词是一个重要的知识点。
本文将对初
中非谓语动词的知识点进行概述。
1. 非谓语动词的基本概念
非谓语动词包括不定式、动名词和分词三种形式。
它们不像谓
语动词可以独立构成句子,通常需要和其他词语一起使用,起到修
饰或补充的作用。
2. 不定式
不定式是非谓语动词的一种形式,通常以"to"开头,例如:to run、to eat。
不定式可以用作名词、形容词或副词的补充,表示目的、原因、方式等。
3. 动名词
动名词是非谓语动词的另一种形式,以-ing结尾,例如:running、eating。
动名词可以用作主语、宾语、表语、宾补等,在句子中起到名词的作用。
4. 分词
分词是非谓语动词的一种形式,有现在分词和过去分词两种形式。
现在分词以-ing结尾,过去分词则有规则和不规则两种形式,如:running、eaten。
分词可以用作形容词、状语、定语等。
5. 非谓语动词的用法
非谓语动词通常用于复合句中,根据具体语境和功能,可以在句子中充当不同的成分。
例如,不定式和动名词可以作为主语、宾语、表语等,分词可以作为形容词或状语等。
总的来说,初中非谓语动词的研究要点主要包括非谓语动词的基本概念和形式,以及在句子中的用法。
掌握这些知识点可以帮助学生正确理解和运用非谓语动词,提高语法表达的准确性。
以上是对初中非谓语动词的知识点概述。
希望本文能对您有所帮助!。
初中语法非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词是指动词的非谓语形式,包括动词的不定式、动名词和动词的分词形式。
在句子中,非谓语动词可以充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等成分,能够丰富句子的结构和表达方式。
一、动词不定式(Infinitive)动词不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式,一般由动词原形加上to构成,表示一种动作或状态的概念。
1. 作主语:To learn a foreign language well is important.学好一门外语很重要。
2. 作宾语:I want to go shopping this weekend.我想这个周末去购物。
3. 作表语:Her dream is to become a doctor.她的梦想是成为一名医生。
4. 作定语:I have a book to read.我有一本要读的书。
5. 作状语:He went to the supermarket to buy some food.他去超市买些食物。
二、动名词(Gerund)动名词是动词的一种非谓语形式,一般由动词原形加上-ing构成,表示名词的概念。
1. 作主语:Swimming is a good exercise.游泳是一项好的锻炼。
2. 作宾语:I like playing basketball.我喜欢打篮球。
3. 作表语:His hobby is singing songs.他的爱好是唱歌。
4. 作定语:I saw a man reading a book.我看到一个人在读书。
5. 作状语:She came here by bike.她骑车来这里。
三、分词(Participle)分词是动词的一种非谓语形式,分为现在分词(-ing形式)和过去分词(-ed形式)。
1. 现在分词作定语:The running water is very refreshing in summer.夏天流动的水非常凉快。
2. 过去分词作定语:The broken window needs to be fixed.那个破窗户需要修理。
初中英语语法之非谓语动词1.定义:动词除在句子中作谓语以外,还具有名词、形容词及副词的性质,在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和补语等,这就是动词的非谓语动词。
可分为三种:动词不定式、分词和动名词。
2.动词不定式:to + 动词原形。
1)一般式:主动语态:to do ,被动语态:to be + 动词过去分词2)进行式:主动语态:to be doing ,被动语态:无3)完成式:主动语态:to have +动词过去分词,被动语态:to have been +动词过去分词4)用法:A. 作主语:To learn a foreign language is not easy . = It’s not easy to learn a foreign language .B. 作表语:The most important thing is to finish the workon time .C. 作宾语:a. 动词+to do . He decided to buy a new watch .b. 动词+疑问词+to do I don’t k now where to put thebike .c. 动词+形式宾语+宾补+to do I find it important to learna second foreign language .D. 作补语:a. 动词+宾语+to do Tom asked me to show him the new shoes .b. 动词+宾语+不带to的动词He often saw Tom play football .E. 作状语:a. 表示目的:He went to Guangzhou to see his sons . He got up early in order to catch the first bus .b. 表示结果:He is too tired to walk any farther . They aren’t old enough to go to school .c. 表示原因:He is sorry to hear that . I am glad to see you .F.作定语:I have something to tell you . I want to buy something to eat .5)动词不定式to 的省略:A. 在感官动词feel,hear,see,watch,notice 及使役动词have,let,make等后面要省to,但在变被动语态时要还原不定式to.I often saw him go out of the room .——He was often seen to go out of the room by me .B.在had better,would rather,do nothing but等后面常省to.6)动词不定式的否定形式:not + to do ,有时也可以用-never + to do 结构。
(完整版)初中英语⾮谓语动词讲解⾮谓语动词之“动词不定式”详解⾮谓语动词就是不充当谓语的动词,分两种。
⼀是动词不定式。
⼆是动词ing形式。
1)作主语To learn English well is not easy. 或It is not easy to learn English well.[说明]动词不定式作主语时,往往⽤it作形式主语,这种句型可归纳为下⾯的句型:e.g. It is + adj.+ 动词不定式如果要说明不定式表⽰的动作执⾏者,可以⽤for+sb.e.g. It is + adj.+ for sb.to do sth.2)作表语(表语⽤来说明主语的⾝份、性质、品性、特征和状态的,表语常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词的-ing形式、不定式、从句来充当,它常位于系动词(be, become, appear, seem, look, sound, feel, get, smell等词)之后。
)e.g. My wish is to become a teacher.3)作宾语或者宾语补⾜语e.g. Most of us like to watch football matches.e.g. He told me to be here on time.4)作定语:e.g. I have nothing to say about that thing.5)作状语:e.g. He stopped to have a look.[说明] 动词不定式的否定形式:not + to + 动词原形构成e.g. He asked me not to make such a mistake.2、动词不定式与疑问词连⽤:疑问词who, what, which和疑问副词when, where, how, why等后⾯可以按动词不定式,构成动词不定式短语。
e.g. (1) He doesn’t know how to use the machine.(2) How to use the machine is a question.(3) The question is when to go there.3、省去了to 的动词不定式1)let, have, make+do2)感官动词see, watch, look at, notice, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find +to。
初中英语语法讲解——非谓语动词非谓语动词在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。
非谓语动词分为三种形式:不定式,动名词,和分词(分词包括现在分词和过去分词)。
1)不定式a. 有些动词可以用动名词作宾语。
例如:2. worth 的用法worth, worthy, worthwhile都是形容词,意为"值得"。
1) worth:be worth + n.当名词为金钱时,表示"…… 值得……"常见的有It ’s worth while to do./ It ’s worth(someone’s)while doingbe worth doing sth."……某事值得被做"The question is not worth discussing again and again. 这问题不值得反复讨论。
2) worthy:be worthy of +n.当名词为抽象名词时表示"……值得……"be worthy to be done "某事值得被做"The question is not worthy to be discussed again and again.3) worthwhile:be worthwhile to do sth"值得做某事"It is worthwhile to ask him to join the club.值得邀请他加入俱乐部。
典型例题It is not ____ to discuss the question again and again.A. worthB. worthyC. worthwhileD. worth while答案C. 由worth的用法可知,此句只适合词组be worthwhile to do sth.。
选C。
动词不定式动词不定式由to+动词原形构成。
初中英语非谓语动词的用法总结非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词,主要包括不定式、动名词和分词。
在初中英语中,非谓语动词的用法相对较为简单,但仍然需要掌握其基本用法和规则。
以下是对初中英语非谓语动词用法的总结:一、不定式(to do)1. 作主语:不定式作主语时,常用it作形式主语,避免句子头重脚轻。
如:To learn a foreign language is difficult.(= It is difficult to learn a foreign language.)2. 作宾语:不定式可以作动词、形容词、介词等的宾语。
如:I want to go home.(不定式作动词宾语)They are eager to go abroad.(不定式作形容词宾语)He is ready to help others.(不定式作介词宾语)3. 作定语:不定式可以修饰名词或代词,放在名词或代词后。
如:The boy to come is my brother.(不定式作后置定语,修饰the boy)4. 作状语:不定式可以作状语,表示目的、原因、结果等。
如:To help others is meaningful.(目的状语)They jumped for joy at the news.(原因状语)He went home only to find his house burglarized.(结果状语)5. 省略to的情况:在感官动词(see, watch, observe等)和使役动词(make, have, let等)后面作宾语补足语时,不定式符号to可以省略。
如:Let’s have him come to the party.(感官动词+不定式省略to)They had me go there.(使役动词+不定式省略to)二、动名词(doing)1. 作主语:动名词作主语时,可以直接用动名词形式,也可以用“名词+动名词”的形式。
中学英语非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词是指动词的非时态形式,它包括不定式、动名词和分词(包括现在分词和过去分词)。
非谓语动词可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等成分,具有多种语法功能和句法结构。
在中学英语中,非谓语动词被广泛使用,掌握非谓语动词的用法对于学生的语言表达能力和阅读理解能力提升非常重要。
一、不定式(Infinitives)1. 不定式作主语:- To learn a foreign language is beneficial to your future.- It's important to exercise regularly.2. 不定式作宾语:- I want to go shopping after school.- He promised to finish the report by tomorrow.3. 不定式作表语:- Her dream is to become a doctor.- The most important thing is to believe in yourself.4. 不定式作定语:- She has a lot of books to read during the summer vacation.- This is a good place to have a picnic.5. 不定式作状语:- I wake up early to catch the bus.- She studied hard to pass the exam.二、动名词(Gerunds)1. 动名词作主语:- Swimming is my favorite sport.- Dancing helps improve coordination.2. 动名词作宾语:- She enjoys reading novels.- He hates doing the dishes.3. 动名词作表语:- His hobby is playing the piano.- The key to success is working hard.4. 动名词作定语:- I have a meeting with my boss tomorrow morning. - The running water sounds relaxing.5. 动名词作状语:- She left the room, crying loudly.- He drove to work, listening to music.三、分词(Participles)1. 现在分词作定语:- The exciting movie kept us on the edge of our seats. - The running boy bumped into a lady.2. 现在分词作状语:- Smiling happily, she accepted the gift.- With his homework finished, he went to bed.3. 过去分词作定语:- The broken chair needs to be repaired.- The lost dog was found by its owner.4. 过去分词作状语:- Inspired by her teacher, she decided to pursue a career in art.- Exhausted from the long journey, they went straight to bed.总结起来,中学英语非谓语动词的用法主要包括不定式、动名词和分词。
初中英语知识归纳总结——非谓语动词非谓语动词(一)教学重点动词不定式在英语中,不充当句子谓语的动词,叫作非谓语动词。
由于非谓语动词不受主语的限制,没有时态和语态,所以又叫非限定动词。
非限定动词有三种形式:动词不定式;动名词和分词。
1、动词不定式(1)动词不定式的构成和性质动词不定式是一种非谓语动词,所谓非谓语动词就是不能作谓语的动词。
正因为如此,它不受主语的人称和数的限制,没有人称和数的变化,但它具有动词的某些特征,可以带宾语和状语构成不定式短语。
其构成是:“to + 动词原形”,否定式是“not to +动词原形”。
to是不定式符号,无词义。
(2)动词不定式的用法动词不定式除了不能作谓语外,可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。
①作主语To learn English well is not easy.To drive fast is quite dangerous.不定式作主语时常常用it作形式主语,不定式放在谓语之后以上两个例句可以写成:It is not easy to learn English well.It is quite dangerous to drive fast.这种用法可以归纳成这样一个句型:It is (not) + 形容词+ (for sb.) to do sth.It is very expensive for me to buy a car.It is very difficult for a child to do that job.有些形容词之后跟of + 名词(代词宾语)+不定式。
如:It is very kind of you to say so.It is very good of you to come.②作表语。
如:My job is to teach English.The first thing is to ring him up.③作宾语。
初中英语语法讲解:非谓语动词定义及构成非谓语动词主要包括不定式&动名词&分词(现在分词和过去分词),.即动词的非谓语形式除了不能独立作谓语外,可以承担句子的任何成分它有三种形式:不定式,分词(现在分词、过去分词),动名词1.非谓语动词与谓语动词的相同点有:(1)如果是及物动词都可与宾语连用,例如:They built a garden.They suggested building a garden.(2)都可以被状语修饰:The suit fits him very well.The suit used to fit him very well.(3)都有主动与被动, “体”式(一般式;进行式;完成式)的变化。
例如:He was punished by his parents.(谓语动词被动语态)He avoided being punished by his parents.(动名词的被动式)We have written the composition.(谓语动词的完成时)Having written the composition, we handed it in.(现在分词的完成式)(4)都可以有逻辑主语They started the work at once.(谓语动词的逻辑主语)The boss ordered them to start the work.(动词不定式的逻辑主语)We are League members.(谓语动词的主语)We being League member, the work was well done.(现在分词的逻辑主语)2、非谓语动词与谓语动词的不同点有:(1)非谓语动词可以有名词作用(如动词不定式和动名词),在句中做主语、宾语、表语。
(2)非谓语动词可以有形容词作用(如动词不定式和分词),在句中做定语、表语或宾语补足语。
(3)非谓语动词可以有副词作用(如动词不定式和分词),在句中作状语。
(4)谓语动词在句中作谓语,受主语的人称和数的限制;非谓语动词在句中不能单独作谓语,它不受主语的人称和数的限制。
(5)英语中不能单独做句子的谓语。
[编辑本段]功能及用法(一)动词不定式:(to)+do,具有名词、形容词、副词的特征.否定式:not + (to) do(1)一般式:不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后.例如:I'm glad to meet you.He seems to know a lot.We plan to pay a visit.He wants to be an artist.The patient asked to be operated on at once.The teacher ordered the work to be done.(2)进行式:不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生,例如:The boy pretended to be working hard.He seems to be reading in his room.(3)完成式:不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前,例如:I regretted to have told a lie.I happened to have seen the film.He is pleased to have met his friend.2.不定式的句法功能:(1)作主语:To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.To lose your heart means failure.动词不定式短语作主语时,常用it作形式主语,真正的主语不定式置于句后,例如上面两句可用如下形式:It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.It means failure to lose your heart.常用句式有:1、It+be+名词+to do。
2、It takes sb.+some time+to d o。
3、It+be+形容词+of sb +to do。
4、It+be+形容词+for sb.+to do。
常用carele ss,,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise,等表示赞扬或批评的形容词,不定式前的sb.可作其逻辑主语。
(2)作表语:Her job is to clean the hall.He appears to have caught a cold.(3)作宾语:常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有:want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, lea rn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer, 如果不定式(宾语)后面有宾语补足语,则用it作形式宾语,真正的宾语(不定式)后置,放在宾语补足语后面,例如:Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.动词不定式也可充当介词宾语,如:I have no choice but to stay here.He did nothing last Sunday but repair his bike.动词不定式前有时可与疑问词连用,如:He gave us some advice on how to learn English.(4)作宾语补足语:在复合宾语中,动词不定式可充当宾语补足语,如下动词常跟这种复合宾语:want, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force, call on, wait for, invite.此外,介词有时也与这种复合宾语连用,如:With a lot of work to do, he didn't go to the cinema.有些动词如make, let, see, watch, hear, feel, have等与不带有to的不定式连用,但改为被动语态时,不定式要加to, 如:I saw him cross the road.He was seen to cross the road.(5)作定语:动词不定式作定语,放在所修饰的名词或代词后。
与所修饰名词有如下关系:①动宾关系:I have a meeting to attend.注意:不定式为不及物动词时,所修饰的名词如果是地点、工具等,应有必要的介词,如:He found a good house to live in.The child has nothing to worry about.What did you open it with?如果不定式修饰time, place, way,可以省略介词:He has no place to live.This is the best way to work out this problem.如果不定式所修饰名词是不定式动作承受者,不定式可用主动式也可用被动式:Have you got anything to send?Have you got anything to be sent?②说明所修饰名词的容:We have made a plan to finish the work.③被修饰名词是不定式逻辑主语:He is the first to get here.(6)作状语:①表目的:He worked day and night to get the money.She sold her hair to buy the watch chain.注意不定式放句首时,逻辑主语与句子主语要一致:wrong:To save money, every means has been tried.right:To save money, he has tried every means. wrong:To learn English well, a dictionary is needed. right:To learn English well, he needs a dictionary.②表结果:He arrived late to find the train gone.常用only放在不定式前表示强调:I visited him only to find him out.③表原因:They were very sad to hear the news.④表程度:It's too dark for us to see anything.The question is simple for him to answer.(7)作独立成分:To tell you the truth, I don't like the way he talked. (8)不定式的省略:保留to省略do动词。
If you don't want to do it, you don't need to.(9)不定式的并列:第二个不定式可省略to。
He wished to study medicine and become a doctor.(二)动名词:动名词既具有动词的一些特征,又具有名词的句法功能。
1.动名词的形式:Ving否定式:not + 动名词(1)一般式:Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。
(2)被动式:He came to the party without being invited.他未被邀请就来到了晚会。
(3)完成式:We remembered having seen the film. 我们记得看过这部电影。
(4)完成被动式:He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five ye ars old.他忘记五岁时曾被带到去过。
(5)否定式:not + 动名词I regret not following his advice. 我后悔没听他的劝告。
(6)复合结构:物主代词(或名词所有格)+ 动名词He suggested our trying it once again. 他建议我们再试一次。