2020-2021第二学期在职研究生试卷

在职研究生考试试题一、选择题1. 在职研究生教育的主要目标是（）。

A. 提升学术研究水平B. 增强职业竞争力C. 促进社会经济发展D. 以上皆是2. 下列关于在职研究生考试的说法，正确的是（）。

A. 考试内容只涉及专业知识B. 考试形式仅为笔试C. 考试成绩是录取的唯一标准D. 考试旨在综合评估考生能力3. 在职研究生考试的报名条件通常包括（）。

A. 学历要求B. 工作经验C. 年龄限制D. A和B4. 在职研究生学习方式的特点包括（）。

A. 灵活的学习时间B. 结合工作实践C. 网络教学为主D. A和B5. 在职研究生学位授予的条件是（）。

A. 完成规定课程学习B. 通过考试C. 完成论文或项目D. A和C二、填空题1. 在职研究生考试的目的是__________________________。

2. 报名参加在职研究生考试的考生需要具备__________________________。

3. 在职研究生考试的科目通常包括__________________________。

4. 在职研究生学习期间，学生需要将__________________________。

5. 完成在职研究生学习后，学生可以获得__________________________。

三、简答题1. 请简述在职研究生教育与全日制研究生教育的主要区别。

2. 描述在职研究生考试的一般流程。

3. 讨论在职研究生教育对于个人职业发展的潜在影响。

四、论述题1. 分析在职研究生考试对于提升在职人员综合素质的作用。

2. 探讨在职研究生教育在当前社会经济发展中的重要性。

3. 论述在职研究生考试制度的优缺点及其改进建议。

五、案例分析题某公司中层管理者李先生，拥有五年工作经验，本科学历。

为了提升自己的管理能力和业务水平，决定报考在职研究生项目。

请根据李先生的情况，分析他报考在职研究生的优势与可能面临的挑战，并提出相应的建议。

六、综合题1. 假设你是一家公司的人力资源经理，公司计划选拔一批优秀的在职研究生加入。

选择题：在进行学术研究时，以下哪一项是确保研究质量的关键环节？A. 数据的收集与分析（正确答案）B. 研究主题的流行度C. 研究时间的长短D. 研究经费的多少下列哪一项最能体现在职研究生学习的特点？A. 全日制学习B. 工作与学习相结合（正确答案）C. 仅注重理论学习D. 无实践机会在职研究生在选择研究课题时，应优先考虑哪个因素？A. 课题的热门程度B. 课题与实际工作的相关性（正确答案）C. 课题的研究难度D. 课题的研究历史以下哪一项是撰写学术论文时，引言部分的主要作用？A. 详细阐述研究方法B. 介绍研究背景与意义（正确答案）C. 展示研究成果D. 总结研究结论在职研究生如何平衡工作、学习和生活的关系？A. 放弃工作，全身心投入学习B. 合理规划时间，确保三者兼顾（正确答案）C. 忽视生活，只关注工作和学习D. 依赖他人帮助，自己不做规划下列哪一项是在职研究生提高学习效率的有效方法？A. 熬夜学习B. 制定详细的学习计划并执行（正确答案）C. 临时抱佛脚D. 只在心情好时学习在职研究生进行学术交流的主要目的是？A. 展示个人才华B. 拓宽视野，促进学术发展（正确答案）C. 结识更多朋友D. 获取更多证书以下哪一项不是在职研究生面临的常见挑战？A. 时间管理困难B. 工作与学习压力大C. 缺乏学术指导D. 课余生活过于丰富（正确答案）在职研究生在撰写毕业论文时，应如何选题？A. 选择容易通过的课题B. 选择与自己工作密切相关的课题（正确答案）C. 选择研究经费充足的课题D. 选择导师指定的课题。

在职研究生入学考试试题一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 下列哪项不是在职研究生的特点？A. 学术性B. 专业性C. 灵活性D. 全日制2. 在职研究生教育的主要目的是：A. 培养学术型人才B. 培养应用型人才C. 培养管理型人才D. 培养研究型人才3. 在职研究生入学考试通常包括哪些科目？A. 政治理论B. 外国语C. 业务课一D. 所有以上4. 下列哪项不是在职研究生需要考虑的因素？A. 工作与学习的平衡B. 学费C. 学校地理位置D. 必须全日制上课5. 在职研究生的课程设置通常具有哪些特点？A. 理论性强B. 实践性强C. 灵活性高D. 课程固定不变6. 在职研究生的学位证书与全日制研究生的学位证书：A. 有明显区别B. 完全相同C. 法律效力不同D. 社会认可度不同7. 在职研究生的招生对象通常是：A. 应届本科毕业生B. 有工作经验的在职人员C. 高中毕业生D. 无特定要求8. 在职研究生的学习形式包括：A. 完全自学B. 网络教育C. 集中授课D. 所有以上9. 在职研究生的学费一般：A. 高于全日制研究生B. 低于全日制研究生C. 与全日制研究生相同D. 无明确规定10. 下列哪项不是在职研究生入学考试的录取标准？A. 考试成绩B. 工作经验C. 个人资产D. 面试表现二、简答题（每题5分，共30分）11. 简述在职研究生教育与全日制研究生教育的主要区别。

12. 描述在职研究生入学考试的一般流程。

13. 解释在职研究生在学习过程中如何平衡工作与学习。

14. 阐述在职研究生选择专业时需要考虑的因素。

15. 讨论在职研究生学位证书的社会认可度及其影响因素。

16. 说明在职研究生在学习过程中可能遇到的挑战及应对策略。

三、论述题（每题25分，共50分）17. 论述在职研究生教育对于个人职业发展的意义。

18. 分析在职研究生教育在当前社会经济发展中的作用及其面临的挑战。

四、案例分析题（每题30分）19. 假设你是一名在职研究生，你的工作单位突然要求你长期出差，这将严重影响你的学习计划。

中央党校函授学院二OO 七级研究生综合考试复习题一、涉及参考书《西方经济学》 谢鲁江主编《西方管理理论的产生与发展》 李兴山主编 《宏观经济管理通论》 赵长茂主编 《现代管理学》 考试题型(一) 单项选择题 (每个题中只有一个正确答案， 请在答题上写明正确选项 的题号，共 100题，考试抽 20题，每题 1分，共 20分)。

(二) 辨析题(先回答对错，再说明理由，共 40题，考试抽 8 题，每题 8 分)。

(三) 论述题(共 5 题，考试抽 1 题，16 分)。

全部复习内容共计 145 个题、单项选择题1、在经济学中，稀缺是相对( A )而言的2、需求函救概念反映影响需求量的因素，它说明影响需求的因素是(A )(C)价格 (D )收入3、边际效用指的是( C )(A) 消费全部商品所得到的整个效用 (B )消费每个商品所得到的平均效用7、下列各等式哪个正确( A )(A) 社会总供给=国内生产总值+商品和劳务的进口一出口(A )人的需要的无限性 (B )商品供不应求 (C )产品的短缺(D )资源枯竭(A) 多种因素(B) 单一因素(C )新增一个商品消费所得到的新增效用 4、利润最大化原则就是( B )(A) 总收益要尽可能大于总成本 (C )生产函数等于成本函数5、 公开市场业务是( A )的业务(A) 政府在资本市场买卖政府债券 (C )政府强制企业市场信息公开6、 政府第二次调节属于( D )(A) 事后调节(C )事前调节(D) 消费商品所得到的满足程度(B) 边际收益等于边际成本 (D )确立生产最佳阶段的原则(B) 政府在市场公开买卖资产 (D )政府抑制垄断、鼓励竞争 (B) 事中调节 (D )高层次调节(B)社会总供给=国民生产总值+商品和劳务的进口一出口(C)社会总供给=国内生产总值+商品和劳务的出口一进口(D)社会总供给=国民生产总值+商品和劳务的出口一进口8、社会总供给与总需求体系中，以下说法中哪个不正确( A )(A)当意愿总需求大于意愿总供给时，实际总需求等于意愿总需求(B)当意愿总需求大于意愿总供给时，实际总需求等于意愿总供给(C)实际总供给与实际总需求恒等 (D)有效总供给与有效总需求恒等9、人们一般把德国的市场经济模式称为( C )(A)计划调节与市场调节相结合的模式(B)自由市场模式(C)社会市场经济模式(D)政府监管模式10、财政政策与货币政策相比，下面哪个说法不正确( B )(A)资金使用效率较差(B)对总需求的调节不如货币政策直接(C)调节作用力度较大，不容易形成“微调”的效果(D)灵活性较大11、学习西方管理理论的主线是( C )(A)激励理论(B)科学管理(C)人性假设(D)权变理论12、彼得•圣吉提出未来最成功的企业将是( C )(A)事业部组织 (B)网络组织(C)学习型组织 (D)公司制组织13、法约尔认为，管理由( D )五个要素构成(A)人力、物力、财力、信息、技术(B)技术、商业、财务、安全、会计(C)目标、决策、沟通、协调、文化(D)计划、组织、指挥、协调、控制14、管理过程理论各个代表人物对管理职能的划分有所不同，但对三项职能认识一致，它们是( A )(A)计划、组织、控制(B)计划、指挥、人事(C)计划、指挥、控制(D)计划、协调、控制15、( B )强调定量分析、建立模型(A)科学管理理论(B)管理科学理论（C）目标管理理论（D）比较管理理论16、下面哪一项不符合生产经营性企业特点（ A ）（A）以销定产（B）以产定销（C）用户至上（D）市场导向17、下面哪个观点符合法约尔关于经营与管理的论述（ C ）（A）经营与管理是同一概念（B）经营与管理是没有关系的两部分（C）经营包括管理（D）管理包括经营18、企业管理的三个维度指的是（A ）（A）环境管理、目标管理、人力资源管理（B）人力管理、物力管理、财力管理（C）生产管理、供应管理、营销管理（D）战略管理、组织机构、企业文化19、以下哪个战略是总体战略（D ）（A）投资战略（B）人事战略（C）产品战略（D）攻势战略20、企业在制定战略的过程中，必须对企业所处行业的体制进行详细的分析，在此基础上运用五种力量模型和四种通用战略来获取竞争的优势地位，是（A ）的观点？（A）设计学派（B）定位学派（C）认识学派（D）结构学派21、“经济人”概念是微观经学的基本前提，这一概念的涵义是（C ）。

2020在职研究生英语考试模拟试题及答案(双证)一、单选题（共50题，共100分）1.The first important exposition in the United States was held in Philadelphia in 1876.A.exhibitionB. concertC. excursionD.contest2. Formpated in 1823, the Monroe Doctrine asserted that the Americas were no longer open to European colonization.A. emphatically statedB. belligerently(aggressively) arguedC. accentuated(emphasize)D. entreated 恳求（implore, plea, invoke ）3.A mythical(imaginary) creature, the dragon was believed to have lion's claws, scaly skin, and fiery breath.A. legendaryB. magicalC.frighteningD.perplexing4.Formerly , in the United States, many nurses worked as private duty nurses rather than in hospitals.A.PreviouslyB. StrictlyC. OfficiallyD. Periodically5.The future survival of the bald eagle is still an important American ecological concern.A. migrationB.poppationC. existenceD. evolution6.Mary McCarthy s satires 讽刺文学 are couched in a prose style that has a classic precision.A.fusedB.prefacedC. standardizedD. expressed7.In 1974 Henry Aaron broke Babe Ruth's monumental lifetime record of 714 home runs.A.archaic(old, antique)B. degrading (discredit)C.outstandingD.entire8.Bats fly, rather than glide, and thus are the only mammals capable of true flight.A.straightB. safeC.realD.rapid9.The company issues an annual report every March.A.a yearlyB. a comprehensiveC. a financialD.a product10.Some sea urchins海胆 have venomous (toxin) spinesA.sensuous (feeling)B.crooked (twisted)C. poisonousD.sticky11.In 1861 it seemed inevitable that the Southern states wopd break away from the Union.A.strangeB. certainC.inconsistentD. proper12.The first paper was made from the bark of the mpberry tree.A. dried woodB. outer coveringC.syrup(sirup)D. root13.The megaphone(microphone) makes the voice sound louder because it points sound waves in one direction and keeps them from spreading out in all directions.A.slitheringB.radiatingC. interferingD. murmuring14.Blue－green algae grow abundantly in salt marshes.A. primarilyB.slowlyC.on plants(cptivate)D. in great numbers15.Ella Grasso, elected governor of Connecticut in 1974, supported the enactment (given, granted) of afreedom-of-information law.A. passingB.advocatesC. draftingD. circpation16.Eyespots, the most rudimentary eyes, are found in protozoan 原生动物 flagellates 鞭毛虫 , flatworms 扁形虫 , and segmented worms片段蠕虫 .A.hostile-lookingB.perceptiveC. primitiveD.strangely formed17.Some cosmetics manufacturers attempt to capture the rose's unmistakable fragrance香味 in soaps and perfumes.A.designB.textureC. scentD. freshness18.In literature, caricatures讽刺画 usually contain verbal exaggeration through which the writer achieves comic and often satiric 讽刺effects.A. banter 取笑 (tease)B. humorC. interactionD. overstatement19.The wheels of the first road vehicles were fashioned from crude stone disks.A.hand-carvedB.roughly madeC. flatD. heavy20.When carbon is added to iron in the proper proportions , the respt is steel.A. containerB. sequenceC. laboratoriesD.amounts21.With the acquisition of smaller companies by larger ones, the 1960's saw a wave of new conglomerates.A. surgeB.handfpC. suspensionD. dissolution 分解22.While Billie Holiday did not invent the music called "the blues", she most assuredly helped popparize it.A. finallyB.certainlyC.earnestlyD.enthusiastically23.The controls of most modern airplanes can be operated either manually or automatically.A.by the bookB.by a mapC. by logicD. by hand24.In calcpating the daily calorie requirements for an inpidual, variations in body size, physical activity, and age shopd be taken into account.A. numberedB. stabilizedC. contrastedD.considered25. Communication is one of the most important bonds that hold cptural systems together.A.obligationsB.qualitiesC. linksD. needs26.Alligators still exist in some of the dank 潮湿 swamps and bayous小海湾 of Alabama's coastal regions.A. weirdly 古怪的 fascinatingB. mythicalC. drab(monotonous)D. unpleasantly humid27.Urban renewal programs strive to upgrade areas that are becoming slums.A.reproachB. improveC.fortifyD.uproot28.Insect pests are among the leading causes of crop failure.A.expectedB. chiefC. naturalD. least29.In the northeastern United States, it rains intermittently 间歇地 throughout the spring.A.steadilyB.abundantlyC. periodicallyD. daily30.An oversight 遗漏 (miss, overslaugh) in proofreading often respts in printed errors.A.An inconsistencyB. A discriminationC. A blotchD.An inattention31.The Native American interpreter Sacajawea was a valuable member of the Lewis and dark expedition in 1805.A.very friendlyB. very usefpC. very thoughtfp.D.very wealthy32.Cream of tartar 酒石 , a weak acid, can be added to eggwhites to help them foam泡沫 when they are beatenA.whippedB. agedC.boiledD.cracked33.Solid geometry has enabled astronomers to calcpate the positions of the heavenly bodies relative to one another.A. on top ofB.next toC.in spite ofD. with respect to34.One of the greatest breakthroughs for professional women came in 1973 when the field of banking opened up for them.A. most serious disappointmentsB.most significant advancesC. most abrupt declinesD. most crucial situations35.People who do not sleep enough tend to become irritable .A.easily annoyedB. illC. wearyD.stiff and sore36.Although the Carbon 14 method of dating old objects is not foolproof , it is the best method available at presentA.wholly operationalB.entirely serviceableC.fply reliablepletely safe37.The economy of Dallas, Texas, is strong and persified .A.inflatedB. stableC. variedD.well-regpatedets are still regarded with awe by some people.A. wonderB.concernC.resentmentD.detachment39.The Salk vaccine is a major factor in the fight to eradicate polio.pletely destroyB. carefply disguiseC. sustainD. contain40.By the nineteenth century, embroidery on men's clothing had virtually disappeared except for the occasional decorative vest and tie.A. almostB. definitelyC.alreadyD.universally41.Double Eagle in the first transatlantic balloon, was greeted by avid crowds in France.A.eagerB.surgingC.appreciativeD.vigorous42.Some animals pant and sweat to speed evaporation of body moisture and thus cool themselves.A.wiggle 摆动 slowlyB. breathe quicklyC. restD.perspire43.Some children display an unquenchable 难以抑制的curiosity about every new thing they encounter.A.insatiable 贪的无厌的B. inherentC.indiscriminate 不加选择的D. incredible44.With lasers scientists can probe many physical processes, such as combustion, once beyond our ken.视野A. understandingB. responsibilityC.interpretationD. notice45.Food must be moist in order to have a taste.A.appetizing(delicious)B. nutritiousC. dampD. chewed46.The flower bud of a water lily 百合 opens at sunset since .its opening is triggered(commence) .by the decreased light.A. alleviated 减轻B. enduredC.set offD.covered up47. All living organisms, regardless of their unique identity, have certain biological, chemical, and physical characteristics in common.A.as a respt ofB.consideringC.cognizant of(conscious of, aware of)D. whatever48.The fear of smallpox, which terrorized the eighteenth century, has no analogy(likeness) today.A. occurrenceB. remnants 残留物C. witnessesD. parallel49.How many people are aware that a dancer with the New York City Ballet typically wears out a minimum of two hundred pairs of toe shoes per year?A.onlyB. exactlyC. at leastD.fewer than50.Despite the proliferation of other faster modes of transportation, the railroads remain the largest carriers of intercity freight in the United States.A.schemesB. meansC.tracksD. variables1、正确答案： A2、正确答案： A3、正确答案： A4、正确答案： A5、正确答案： C6、正确答案： D7、正确答案： C8、正确答案： C9、正确答案： A10、正确答案： C12、正确答案： B13、正确答案： B14、正确答案： D15、正确答案： A16、正确答案： C17、正确答案： C18、正确答案： D19、正确答案： B20、正确答案： D21、正确答案： A23、正确答案： D24、正确答案： D25、正确答案： C26、正确答案： D27、正确答案： B28、正确答案： B29、正确答案： C30、正确答案： D31、正确答案： B32、正确答案： A34、正确答案： B35、正确答案： A36、正确答案： C37、正确答案： C38、正确答案： A39、正确答案： A40、正确答案： A41、正确答案： A42、正确答案： D43、正确答案： A44、正确答案： A45、正确答案： C46、正确答案： C47、正确答案： D48、正确答案： D49、正确答案： C50、正确答案： B。

2021年在职研究生考试题：英语模拟试题及答案202*年在职研究生考试题：英语模拟试题及答案Paper One Part I Dialogue Communication (15 minutes, 15 points) Section A Dialogue Completion Directions: In this section, you will read 5 short incomplete dialogues between two speakers, each followed by four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the answer that best suits the situation to complete the dialogue. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center. 1. Speaker A: I would like to see Prof. Adams, please. Speaker B: __________ A. Where are you from? B. He is happy now, and he wants to see you. C. Do you have an appointment with him? D. No. He is free and he will be glad to see you. 2. Speaker A: I need a book, Critical Review on Nineteenth Century for History 312. Speaker B: __________ A. History books can琀 be taken out of the library. B. History books are highly recommended here. C. It is a reserved book, and you can read it here only. D. It has been translated into English already. 3. Speaker A: Ground Hotel. May I help you? Speaker B: __________ A. Sorry. I don琀 think you arehelpful. B. Yes. We need three single rooms for this weekend. C. Thank you. I搀 like to make a longdistance call to Shanghai. D. All right. Here is your single room. 4. Speaker A: May I see your driver猀license, please? Speaker B: Sorry. I didn琀 see that sign. __________ A. All right. I haven琀 done anything wrong. B. Well. What猀 the matter? C. No. But I was driving at 65 miles per hour. D. Here you are.5. Speaker A: Excuse me. Could you show me the way to the nearest post office? Speaker B: ________ A. OK. I搀 like to go with you. B. No problem. It猀 my pleasure to direct you. C. Sorry. I洀 busy now. Go away. D. Of course. Go down this street and turn left. Section B Dialogue Comprehension Directions: In this section, you will read 5 short conversations between a man and a woman. At the end of each conversation there is a question followed by four choices marked A, B, C, andD. Choose the best answer to the question from the four choices give and mark your answer on the answer sheet with a single line through the center. 6. Man: I was always surprised to see Tom using that tape recorder you were going to throw away. Woman: Yes, it猀 very old. Thathe got it to work amazes me. Question: What does the woman say about Tom? A. He fixed the tape recorder. B. Although old, he is still working. C. His love for music surprised the two speakers. D. He picked up the tape recorder from the garbage can. 7. Woman: I can琀wait to see the look on Mary猀 face when she opens our gift. Man: Neither can I. Question: What does the man mean? A. He can琀 imagine what his friends got for him. B. He always knows what Mary will say. C. He is anxious to see Mary猀 reaction to the gift. D. Heis too busy to wait. 8. Woman: If these prices get any higher, I氀氀 have to go on a diet. Man: You should anyway. Question: What does the woman tell us? A. She will continue with her diet. B. She might die any day. C. She can琀 afford expensive food. D. She is overweight. 9. Man: Does everything look right to you?I want it to be perfect. Woman: I think you瘀攀 made a mistake. The napkins go on the left and the silverware on the right. Question: What are they talking about?A. Laying the table.B. Polishing silver.C. Sewing napkins.D. Putting the food away. 10. Woman: Tom, I洀 glad I ran into you. I瘀攀 been trying to call you butyou爀攀 never home. Where have you been hiding lately? Man: Actually I瘀攀 been very busy recently. I洀 getting ready to go to the States for Christmas, and I have amillion things to do. Question: Why couldn琀 the woman get the man on the phone? A. Because he has been hiding lately. B. Because he has been busy preparing his trip.C. Because he has been back home.D. Because he has to work hard for traveling expense Part II Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes, 10 points) Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are 4 choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the answer sheet with a single line through the center. 11. The science of medicine, we owe a great deal, is perhaps the most important of all the sciences. A. in which B. to which C. at which D. for which12. Students at colleges in large cities ran into debts because it was easier for them to find part-time jobs than those in rural areas. A. few B. fewer C. little D. less 13. The woman does not mind in the bedroom.A. her husband猀 smokingB. her husband猀 smokeC. her husband to smoke D her husband to smoke 14. Irealized that she was the woman the world event onyesterday猀 TV program. A. reported B. having reporting C. to report D. reporting 15. Marytold me that you were going to make a long journey to Australia, ? A. didn琀 you B. weren琀 you C. wouldn琀 D. hadn琀 you 16. , we turn on the air-conditioner. A. It is a hot day B. Being a hot day C. It is being a hot day D. The day being hot 17. No sooner had we reached the railway station it started to rain. A. when B. while C. then D. than18. Accustomed to climbing trees, . A. I had nodifficulty reaching the top B. reaching the top was not hard to me C. the top was not difficult for me to reach D. to reach the top was not a problem for me 19. Peter likes watching TV to the cinema. A. more than to goB. more than goingC. than goingD. rather than to go 21. 20. It was the training that he had as a young man made him such a good engineer. A. has B. later C. which D. that 21. To my great surprise the food was still on the table, . A. untouching B. no touch C. untouched D. not to be touched 22. The power was _________ by him, and many innocent people were punished.A. behavedB. abusedC. betrayedD. bargained23. They have agreed that they will ________ in the policy and will not change it. A. commit B. persist C. combine D. collapse 24. The police have the _______ proof of his guilt in murdering the woman. A. brutal B. blank C. beneficial D. absolute 25. Both sides have agreed that any ________action must be turnedinto peace. A. accidental B. aggressive C. abstract D. adequate 26. The country which was hit by earthquake ________ to the United Nations for aid.A. accelerateB. cherishC. appealD. characterize 27. The company has to _________ the benefits against the costs in the last three months. A. boast B. blame C. block D. balance 28. Many people there try to __________ that shop because of its unreasonable prices. A. stay away from B. brandC. keep in contact withD. bury 29. It took the old lady almost three months to her illness. A. get over B. go over C. get through D. go through 30. It猀 beyond any doubt that human beings cannot a nuclear war.A. endureB. maintainC. surviveD. sustain Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes, 40 points)Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each of the passages is followed by 5 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center. Passage One When Columbus reached the New World, corn was the most widely grown plant in the Americas. This plant 猀 range extended from what is now southern Canada to lower South America. At that time some tribes cultivated it at sea level, others at elevation of more than 11,000 feet. “Columbus had no way of knowing that corn was far more valuable than the spices (香料) and gold he had hoped to find.” said Frances B. King, a professor at a university of Pittsburgh. Through human intervention, this plant has developed into several hundred races, or varieties. Their heights vary from 2 to 12 feet, and their maturity ranges from little more than 2 months to almost a year. Their ears vary not only in color, but also in size. Unlike other cereals (谷类)， corn bears little resemblance to its wild ancestors. In fact, it differs from the appearance of its immediate ancestors more than any other cultivated plant known. From humble origins as a lowlandgrass, corn developed into the western world猀 important grain. As its high yields allowed communities to grow far beyond what early agriculture could feed, most scientists viewed corn as having largely fueled pre-Columbian growth and civilization. Now, new findings are greatlyaltering researchers notions about the time when corn revolution occurred. New dates for its emergence from Mesoamenrica do not support the widely held view. The evidence now suggests that the signs of corn in Americas can date back 5,500 years at least. 31. The first paragraph states that corn _____. A. was mainly grown at sea level B. was not grown below the elevation of 11,000 feet C. was widely grown in Canada only D. spread throughout Americas 32. The second paragraph implies that _____. A. the purpose of Columbus exploration was to discover corn B. corn was one of Columbus discoveries, but more precious than anything else C. Columbus knew corn so well that he brought back to Europe at once D. corn was the only Columbus discovery that was remembered 33. According to the passage, some varieties of corn can _____. A. ripen little more than 2 months B. last little more than 2 months C. stayfresh for almost a year D. stay alive from 2 months to almost a year 34. Corn helped the early communities to grow because _____. A. it was easy to digest B. it had a lot of varieties C. it could produce high yields D. it could last long 35. The widely held view was challenged by _____. A. a new revolution B. new findings about corn C. the signs of corn 5,500 years ago D. new dates for communities emergence Passage Two Women on a touring holiday of Britain were injured by an explosion in their motor van in the center of Norwich yesterday. Shoppers, traders and businessmen in Red Lion Street were shocked by a loud bang, and seconds later the two men jumped over from the vehicle. Several people rushed to give assistance and helped to put out the fire inside the vehicle. “I heard this explosion. It was pretty loud. I thought it could have been a bomb.” Said Mr. Leslie Webster, manager of the market, who was working in his office in Red Lion Street. “I looked out of the window and saw this lad leap from the van and roll on the ground. Then another lad came out of the van. He seemed to be in a worse state --- parts of his trousers were hanging below his knee.”“I came downstairs to get a fireextinguisher(灭火器)， but by the time I got outside someone from the bank was in the van with an extinguisher.”Mr. Webster, who lives at 71, Trinity Street, Norwich, said both victims were shocked. One was taken into the market猀 office to await an ambulance. “The second man insisted on going back into the van to see if everything was all right, and five minutes later he came out with a drawer that was blazing.” He added. The explosion was also heard inside the bank. Staff provided a fire extinguisher and telephoned for an ambulance. Although a plastic window was blown out, damage inside the vehicle was mainly superficial. The two men have spent the last six months touring the Continent and has traveled to Norwich from Snetterton. At the time of the incident their wives were shopping in the city. 36. The two men in the van ______. A. were unhurt B. were slightly hurt C. were shocked and badly hurt D. needed a long-time treatment 37. The word “leap” most probably means ______. A. jump over B. step up C. fall down D. get out 38. In Mr. Webster猀 opinion, the explosion ______. A. was almost a bomb B. wasn琀 a bomb C. was like a bomb D. was a bomb 39. Inthe accident ______. A. the windows of the bank were blown out B. the contents of the van were damagedC. everything in the van was all rightD. the van was burned 40. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A. Mr. Webster saw what had happened.B. Mr. Webster helped to put out the fire.C. Mr. Webster didn琀 take a fire extinguisher to the van.D. Mr. Webster wanted to help in the accident but he didn琀have a chance Passage Three Everyone experiences fear during major crisis—such as fires, automobile accidents, etc. Some people even feel very nervous when they fly in airplanes. No matter how hard they try, they cannot lower their anxiety. Some people try to hide their nervousness: they try to disguise their anxiety by telling jokes. Others become loud and aggressive, attacking people by making them the butt of cruel jokes. Sometimes making someone else the target of jokes is an attempt to control one猀 own fears—to master anxiety. A number offactors can be mentioned as important in explaining why some people have a fear of flying: early childhood experiences, general sense of security, fear of heights, trust in others, percentage of alcohol in blood, etc. Thememory of a bad experience can sometimes trigger the same fear caused by that experience. Thus, a child might be frightened by the sight of a dog even though he is safe, merely because he once had a bad experience with a dog. A bad experience can be the cue that triggers our fears. But the crucial factor seems to be a feeling of no control. Usually we are able to suppress our feelings so that they do not affect our behavior. But sometimes the tension produced by our fears is so great that we cannot suppress it. At such time we need to discharge the tension by laughing or crying. By smiling foolishly and talking loudly, we are able to repress the rising feeling of fear so that it does not affect the way we behave. Because it is necessary to recognize a problem before it can be solved, admitting that we are afraid is an integral part of the process of mastering our fears. 36. To make someone the butt of jokes means ______. A. to make someone become the object of jokes B. to force someone to enjoy jokes C. to entitle someone to tell jokes D. to offend someone by jokes 37. What is the positive purpose of people猀 telling jokes? A. To show one猀sense of humor. B. To control one猀 own fears. C.To disguise their anxiety. D. To attack others. 38. To master anxiety means ______. A. to be familiar with tension B. to hold back the feeling of uneasinessC. to conquer the feeling of nervousnessD. to be good at the subject of anxiety 39. According to the author, which of the following is the most important factor triggering the feeling of fear? A. The fear of heights.B. Early childhood experience.C. The general sense of security.D. A feeling of no control. 40. According to the concluding paragraph, what is essential to gothrough the process of mastering one猀 fears? A. To be conscious of the way of mastering fears. B. To repress the rising feeling of fear. C. To admit the feeling of fears. D. To control one猀 feelings. Passage Four Any country has good reason to want its citizens to be as healthy as possible, since one of its greatest resources is an active population. No country wants its people to suffer unnecessarily from ill health. This was the kind of thinking which led to the introduction of a health servicein many countries. In Britain this has developed into a “Welfare State” in which all citizens, rich and poor alike, can get most health treatment free. The money forthis is partially raised by contributions from employers and employees. As three decades have shown, such automatic arrangements are not always ideal and there are arguments for and against the Health Service. The number of patients treated every year and the cost of treatment are much greater than was estimated. This means that the people who work for the Health Service—doctors, nurses and other hospital staff—have much more routine work to do and as a result they have little time for preventive medicine. The Health Service does need more staff—a need that can only be met if more money is made available to it. However, a powerful argument for the Health Service is that many people are able to receive expensive treatment which they could never afford themselves. Sometimes this free treatment is abused and people visit their doctors when they don琀 really need to. Because they have so many patients, doctors cannot spend as long with each one as they would like, and some people prefer to pay for private treatment so that their doctors can give them more time. In fact, some wealthy people feel that they should pay, and so free more money for treatment to others. 46. In the author猀 view, Britain is a Welfare State in that ______.A. all citizens are entitled to a free medical treatment in some senseB. poor, unlike the rich, could enjoy free medical treatmentC. health service is highly developed in BritainD. Britain doesn琀 allow its people tosuffer unnecessarily from ill health 47. We can infer from the passage that ______. A. the Health Service is introduced to many other countries by Britain B. the Health Service has been introduced and developed for 30 years in Britain C. an active population is thegreatest resource in Britain D. all citizens in Britain have a good opinion of the Health Service 48. The best title for the passage would be ______. A. A Welfare State B. Importance of the Health Service C. Disadvantages of the Health Service D. The Health Service 49. The author mentions that some wealthypeople prefer to pay for private treatment because ______.A. their doctors can give them more time leave from workB. those doctors have better medical instrumentsC.they might save some money for the poor D. theirdoctors have a stronger sense of responsibility for the patients 50. The word “abused” (Par. 4) means ______.A. destroyedB. used in wrong wayC. ignoredD.wasted Part IV Cloze Test (15 minutes, 10 points) Directions: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each numbered blank, there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the answer sheet with a single line through the center. The development of e-commerce may well bring the world into a brand new era of “electronic currency”。

教诲学试题一、选取题：1-45小题，在每个小题给出四个选项中，请选出一种最符合题目规定。

1、最早明确提出教诲学科学性问题是（）A．裴斯泰洛齐 B.赫尔巴特 C.夸美纽斯 D.杜威2、实验教诲学代表人物是（）A．培根 B.洛克 C.梅伊曼 D.狄尔泰3、学校教诲与生产劳动相脱离始于（）A．原始社会 B.奴隶社会 C.封建社会 D.资本主义社会4、制度化教诲产生标志是（）A．教诲实体 B.学校 C.私立教诲 D.终身教诲5、1995年颁布《中共中央国务院关于加速科学技术进步决定》，初次提出（）A．把教诲列为“经济发展战略重点之一”B．提出“百年大计，教诲为本”，强调教诲突出战略位置C．提出“必要把教诲摆在优先发展战略地位”D．提出“在全国实行科教兴国”战略6、裴斯泰洛齐人为：“为人在世，可贵者在于发展，在于发展个人天赋内在力量，使其通过锻炼，使人能尽其才，能在社会上达到她应有地位。

这就是教诲最后目。

”这句话反映了（）A．教诲无目论B. 个人本位教诲目论C. 社会本位教诲目论D．效能主义教诲目论7、教诲心理来源说代表人物是美国教诲史学家（）A．勒图尔诺 B.沛西?能 C.孟禄 D.达尔文8、小朋友认知发展研究发端于瑞士心理学家（）A．皮亚杰 B.柯尔伯格 C.维果斯基 D.赞可夫9、提出实行九年义务教诲文献是（）A．《关于教诲工作批示》B．《中共中央关于教诲体制改革决定》C．《中华人民共和国教诲改革和发展纲要》D．《中共中央、国务院关于深化教诲改革，全面推动素质教诲决定》10、国内新课程改革中提出，将课程管理权赋予中央教诲行政部门、地方教诲行政部门和（）A．教学班 B.年级 C.学校 D.社区11、“情境—陶冶”教学模式理论基本是（）A．布鲁姆掌握学习法B．巴班斯基最优教学法C．布鲁纳发现教学法D．洛扎诺夫暗示教学法12、小朋友自我意识与自我教诲能力发展规律是，从以（）为中心发展到“她律”，再从“她律”发展到“自律”。

在职考研试题及答案一、选择题1. 在下列选项中，哪一项不是在职考研的特点？A. 灵活性B. 针对性C. 强制性D. 实用性答案：C2. 以下哪个不是在职考研的常见科目？A. 政治理论B. 英语C. 数学D. 艺术史答案：D3. 在职考研的备考策略中，以下哪一项是不必要的？A. 制定学习计划B. 参加辅导班C. 完全自学D. 定期复习答案：C二、简答题1. 请简述在职考研的优势和挑战。

在职考研的优势主要包括灵活性高，可以根据个人的工作和学习情况灵活安排学习时间；针对性强，考生可以根据自己的专业背景和职业发展需求选择相应的课程；实用性强，课程内容往往与实际工作紧密结合。

挑战则包括时间管理困难，考生需要在工作和学习之间找到平衡；学习资源有限，可能需要自己寻找合适的学习材料和辅导资源；以及可能面临的心理压力，因为在职考研往往需要在工作之余投入大量时间和精力。

2. 请列举在职考研备考过程中可能用到的几种学习工具。

在职考研备考过程中可能用到的学习工具包括在线课程平台，如MOOCs和专业教育网站；学习应用程序，可以进行单词记忆、题目练习等；专业书籍和教材，提供系统的知识结构；以及学习小组或论坛，可以与其他考生交流心得和资料。

三、论述题1. 论述在职考研对于个人职业发展的意义。

在职考研对于个人职业发展具有重要意义。

首先，它提供了一个提升专业能力和知识水平的机会，有助于个人在现有职业领域内获得更深入的理解和更高层次的思考能力。

其次，在职考研可以拓宽职业视野，通过学习新的理论和技能，个人能够更好地适应快速变化的工作环境和市场需求。

此外，在职考研还能够增强个人的竞争力，特别是在求职和晋升过程中，拥有更高的学位往往意味着更多的职业机会和更高的社会认可。

最后，在职考研过程中培养的自学能力和解决问题的能力，也是个人职业发展中不可或缺的重要素质。

四、案例分析题1. 假设你是一家公司的中层管理人员，正在考虑是否参加在职考研。

请分析在职考研对你的职业发展可能带来的影响，并提出你的决策依据。

全国硕士研究生入学统一考试数学（二）试题解析一、选择题:18小题,每小题4分,共32分.下列每题给出的四个选项中,只有一个选项符合题目要求的,请将所选项前的字母填在答题纸．．．指定位置上. (1)下列反常积分收敛的是( ) (A)2x+∞⎰(B) 2ln x dx x+∞⎰(C)21ln dx x x +∞⎰(D) 2x x dx e+∞⎰【答案】(D) 【解析】(1)xx x dx x e e-=-+⎰，则2222(1)3lim (1)3xx x x x dx x e e x e e e +∞+∞----→+∞=-+=-+=⎰.(2) 函数()2sin lim(1)x tt t f x x→=+在(,)-∞+∞内( )(A) 连续 (B) 有可去间断点 (C)有跳跃间断点 (D) 有无穷间断点 【答案】(B)【解析】220sin lim 0sin ()lim(1)t x t x x t x tt t f x e e x→→=+==，0x ≠，故()f x 有可去间断点0x =. (3) 设函数()1cos ,00,0x x x f x x αβ⎧>⎪=⎨⎪≤⎩(0,0)αβ>>,若()'f x 在0x =处连续则:( ) (A)0αβ-> (B)01αβ<-≤ (C)2αβ->(D)02αβ<-≤ 【答案】(A)【解析】0x <时，()0f x '=()00f -'=()1001cos10lim lim cosx x x x f x x x αβαβ++-+→→-'== 0x >时，()()()11111cos 1sin f x x x x x x ααβββαβ-+'=+-- 1111cossin x x x xααβββαβ---=+()f x '在0x =处连续则：()()10100lim cos 0x f f x xαβ+--+→''===得10α-> ()()++1100110lim =lim cos sin =0x x f f x x x x x ααβββαβ---→→⎛⎫''=+ ⎪⎝⎭得：10αβ-->，答案选择A(4)设函数()f x 在(),-∞+∞内连续，其中二阶导数()''f x 的图形如图所示，则曲线()=y f x 的拐点的个数为( )(A) 0 (B) 1 (C)2 (D) 3 【答案】(C)【解析】根据图像观察存在两点，二阶导数变号.则拐点个数为2个.(5) 设函数(),f u v 满足22,y f x y x y x ⎛⎫+=- ⎪⎝⎭，则11u v fu ==∂∂与11u v f v==∂∂依次是 ( )(A)1,02 (B) 10,2 (C)1,02- (D) 10,2-【答案】(D)【解析】此题考查二元复合函数偏导的求解. 令,y u x y v x =+=，则,11u uv x y v v ==++，从而22(,)y f x y x y x+=-变为 222(1)(,)111u uv u v f u v v v v -⎛⎫⎛⎫=-= ⎪ ⎪+++⎝⎭⎝⎭.故222(1)2,1(1)f u v f u u v v v ∂-∂==-∂+∂+， 因而111110,2u u v v ff uv ====∂∂==-∂∂.故选（D ）. (6)设D 是第一象限由曲线21xy =，41xy =与直线y x =，3y x =围成的平面区域，函数(),f x y 在D 上连续，则(),Df x y dxdy =⎰⎰ ( )(A)()13sin 2142sin 2cos ,sin d f r r rdr πθπθθθθ⎰⎰(B)()sin 23142sin 2cos ,sin d f r r rdr πθπθθθθ⎰⎰(C)()13sin 2142sin 2cos ,sin d f r r drπθπθθθθ⎰⎰(D)()1sin 23142sin 2cos ,sin d f r r dr πθπθθθθ⎰⎰【答案】(B)【解析】根据图可得，在极坐标系下计算该二重积分的积分区域为(,),432sin 2sin 2D r r ππθθθθ⎧⎫=≤≤≤≤⎨⎬⎩⎭所以n 23142sin 2(,)(cos ,sin )si Df x y dxdy d f r r rdr πθπθθθθ=⎰⎰⎰⎰故选B.(7) 设矩阵21111214a a ⎛⎫ ⎪= ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭A ,21d d ⎛⎫⎪ ⎪= ⎪⎪⎝⎭b .若集合}{1,2Ω=，则线性方程组=Ax b 有无穷多解的充分必要条件为 ( )(A) ,a d ∉Ω∉Ω (B) ,a d ∉Ω∈Ω (C),a d ∈Ω∉Ω(D) ,a d ∈Ω∈Ω 【答案】(D)【解析】2211111111(,)1201111400(1)(2)(1)(2)A b ad a d a d a a d d ⎛⎫⎛⎫⎪ ⎪=→-- ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪----⎝⎭⎝⎭，由()(,)3r A r A b =<，故1a =或2a =，同时1d =或2d =.故选（D ）(8) 设二次型()123,,f x x x 在正交变换=x Py 下的标准形为2221232y y y +-，其中123(,,)=P e e e ，若132(,,)=-Q e e e 则123(,,)f x x x =在正交变换=x Qy 下的标准形为( )(A)2221232y y y -+ (B) 2221232y y y +-(C)2221232y y y --(D) 2221232y y y ++【答案】(A)【解析】由x Py =，故222123()2T T T f x Ax y P AP y y y y ===+-. 且200010001TP AP ⎛⎫⎪= ⎪ ⎪-⎝⎭.由已知可得100001010Q P PC ⎛⎫⎪== ⎪ ⎪-⎝⎭故200()010001T T TQ AQ C P AP C ⎛⎫⎪==- ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭所以222123()2T T T f x Ax y Q AQ y y y y ===-+.选（A ） 二、填空题：914小题,每小题4分,共24分.请将答案写在答题纸．．．指定位置上. (9) 3arctan 3x t y t t=⎧⎨=+⎩则212t d y dx ==【答案】48【解析】2222333(1)11dydy t dt t dx dxdt t +===++ 2222[3(1)]d y d t dx dx=+=222222[3(1)]12(1)12(1)11d t t t dt t t dx dt t ++==++ 22148t d ydx ==.(10)函数2()2x f x x =⋅在0x =处的n 阶导数(0)nf =_________ 【答案】()()21ln 2n n n --【解析】根据莱布尼茨公式得：()()()()()(2)222(1)0222ln 2(1)ln 22n n n n x n x n n f C n n ---=-===- (11) 设()f x 连续，()()20x x x f t dt ϕ=⎰，若()()11,15ϕϕ'==，则()1f =【答案】2【解析】已知2()()x x x f t dt ϕ=⎰，求导得2220()()2()x x f t dt x f x ϕ'=+⎰，故有10(1)()1,f t dt ϕ==⎰(1)12(1)5,f ϕ'=+=则(1)2f =.(12)设函数()y y x =是微分方程'''20y y y +-=的解，且在0x =处()y x 取得极值3，则()y x =.【答案】22x x e e -+【解析】由题意知：()03y =，()00y '=，由特征方程：220λλ+-=解得121,2λλ==- 所以微分方程的通解为：212x xy C e C e -=+代入()03y =，()00y '=解得：12C =21C =解得：22xxy e e-=+(13)若函数(),Z z x y =由方程231x y ze xyz +++=确定，则()0,0dz =.【答案】()1d 2d 3x y -+ 【解析】当0,0x y ==时0z =，则对该式两边求偏导可得2323(3)x y z x y z ze xy yz e x++++∂+=--∂ 2323(3)2x y z x y z ze xy xz e y++++∂+=--∂.将（0,0,0）点值代入即有 12,.(0,0)(0,0)33z z x y ∂∂=-=-∂∂则可得()(0,0)121|d 2d .333dz dx dy x y =--=-+ (14) 若3阶矩阵A 的特征值为2,2,1-，2B A A E =-+，其中E 为3阶单位阵，则行列式B =.【答案】21【解析】A 的所有特征值为2,2,1.-B 的所有特征值为3,7,1. 所以||37121B =⨯⨯=.三、解答题：15～23小题,共94分.请将解答写在答题纸．．．指定位置上.解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤. (15) (本题满分10分）设函数()ln(1)sin f x x a x bx x =+++，3()g x kx =.若()f x 与()g x 在0x →时是等价无穷小，求,,a b k 的值.【答案】111,,32a kb =-=-=- 【解析】 方法一：因为233ln(1)()23x x x x o x +=-++，33sin ()3!x x x o x =-+， 那么，23333000(1)()()()ln(1)sin 231lim lim lim ()x x x a aa xb x x o x f x x a x bx x g x kx kx→→→++-+++++===， 可得：100213a ab ak⎧⎪+=⎪⎪-=⎨⎪⎪=⎪⎩，所以，11213a b k ⎧⎪=-⎪⎪=-⎨⎪⎪=-⎪⎩．方法二： 由题意得300sin )1ln(lim )()(lim1kx xbx x a x x g x f x x +++==→→203cos sin 11limkx x bx x b x ax ++++=→由分母03lim 2=→kx x ，得分子)cos sin 11(lim 0x bx x b xax ++++→0)1(lim 0=+=→a x ，求得c ；于是)()(lim10x g x f x →=23cos sin 111lim kx x bx x b x x +++-=→）（x kx xx bx x x b x x +++++=→13cos )1(sin )1(lim20 203cos )1(sin )1(limkx xx bx x x b x x ++++=→kxxx bx x bx x x b x x b x b x 6sin )1(cos cos )1(cos )1(sin 1lim0+-++++++=→由分母06lim 0=→kx x ，得分子]sin )1(cos cos )1(2sin 1[lim 0x x bx x bx x x b x b x +-++++→0)cos 21(lim 0=+=→x b x ，求得21-=b ； 进一步，b 值代入原式)()(lim 10x g x f x →=kxx x x x x x x x x 6sin )1(21cos 21cos )1(sin 211lim0++-+--=→ kxx x x x x x x x x x x x x x 6cos )1(21sin 21sin )1(21sin 21cos 21sin )1(cos cos 21lim 0++++++-++--=→k621-=，求得.31-=k(16) (本题满分10分)设A>0，D 是由曲线段sin (0)2y A x x π=≤≤及直线0y =，2x π=所围成的平面区域，1V ，2V 分别表示D 绕x 轴与绕y 轴旋转成旋转体的体积，若12V V =，求A 的值.【答案】8π【解析】由旋转体的体积公式，得dx x f ⎰=2021)(V ππdx x A ⎰=202)sin (ππdx x A⎰-=20222cos 1ππ422A π= dx x xf ⎰=202)(2V ππA x d x A -πππ2cos 220==⎰由题,V V 21=求得.8A π=(17) (本题满分11分)已知函数(,)f x y 满足"(,)2(1)x xy f x y y e =+，'(,0)(1)xx f x x e =+，2(0,)2f y y y =+，求(,)f x y 的极值. 【答案】极小值(0,1)1f -=-【解析】xxye y y xf )1(2),(+=''两边对y 积分，得 )()21(2),(2x e y y y x f x x ϕ++=')()2(2x e y y x ϕ++=，故xx e x x x f )1()()0,(+=='ϕ， 求得)1()(+=x e x xϕ，故)1()2(),(2x e e y y y x f xxx +++='，两边关于x 积分，得⎰+++=dx x e e y y y x f x x )1()2(),(2 ⎰+++=x x de x e y y )1()2(2 ⎰-+++=dx e e x e y y x x x )1()2(2C )1()2(2+-+++=x x x e e x e y y C )2(2+++=x x xe e y y由y y y y y f 2C 2),0(22+=++=，求得.0=C 所以xxxe e y y y x f ++=)2(),(2.令⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧=+='=+++='0)22(0)2(2xy xx x x e y f xe e e y y f ，求得⎩⎨⎧-==10y x . 又xx x xxxe e e y y f +++=''2)2(2， x xye yf )1(2+=''，x yy e f 2=''， 当1,0-==y x 时，(0,1)1,xxA f ''=-=,0)1,0(B =-''=xy f 2)1,0(=-''=yy fC ， 20,AC B ->(0,1)1f -=-为极小值.(18) (本题满分10分) 计算二重积分()Dx x y dxdy +⎰⎰，其中{}222(,)2,D x y x y y x =+≤≥【答案】245π- 【解析】2()DDx x y dxdy x dxdy +=⎰⎰⎰⎰ 2212202x xdx x dy -=⎰122202(2)x x x dx =-⎰21222400222222sin 2cos 55x t xx dx t tdt π==---⎰⎰22242002222sin 2sin .5545u t tdt udu πππ==-=-=-⎰⎰(19)(本题满分 11 分) 已知函数()2111Xf x t dt tdt =+++⎰⎰，求()f x 零点的个数？【答案】2个【解析】222()1211(21)f x x x x x x '=-++=+- 令()0f x '=,得驻点为12x =, 在1(,)2-∞,()f x 单调递减,在1(,)2+∞,()f x 单调递增 故1()2f 为唯一的极小值,也是最小值.而122411112241()11112f t dt tdt t dt tdt =+++=+-+⎰⎰⎰122111224111t dt td td =+-+-+⎰⎰⎰在1(,1)2211t t ++故2122110t dt tdt +-+<⎰⎰从而有1()02f <221lim ()lim[11]x x x x f x t dt tdt →-∞→-∞=+++=+∞⎰⎰2222111lim ()lim[11]lim[11]x x x x x f x t dt tdt tdt t dt →+∞→+∞→+∞=+++=+-+⎰⎰⎰⎰考虑22122111lim lim 11x xx x tdt x x x t dt++==+∞++⎰⎰，所以lim ()x f x →+∞=+∞.所以函数()f x 在1(,)2-∞及1(,)2+∞上各有一个零点，所以零点个数为2. (20) (本题满分10分)已知高温物体置于低温介质中，任一时刻该物体温度对时间的变化率与该时刻物体和介质的温差成正比，现将一初始温度为120C ︒的物体在20C ︒的恒温介质中冷却，30min 后该物体降至30C ︒，若要将该物体的温度继续降至21C ︒，还需冷却多长时间？ 【答案】30min【解析】设t 时刻物体温度为()x t ，比例常数为(0)k >，介质温度为m ,则()dxk x m dt=--，从而()kt x t Ce m -=+， (0)120,20x m ==，所以100C =，即()10020kt x t e -=+又1()30,2x =所以2ln10k =，所以11()20100t x t -=+ 当21x =时，t =１，所以还需要冷却３０min. (21) (本题满分10分)已知函数()f x 在区间[]+a ∞，上具有2阶导数，()0f a =，()0f x '>，()''0f x >，设b a >，曲线()y f x =在点()(),b f b 处的切线与x 轴的交点是()00x ，，证明0a x b <<.【证明】根据题意得点(,())b f b 处的切线方程为()()()y f b f b x b '-=-令0y =，得0()()f b x b f b =-' 因为(x)0f '>所以(x)f 单调递增，又因为(a)0f = 所以(b)0f >，又因为()0f b '>所以0()()f b x b b f b =-<' 又因为0()()f b x a b a f b -=--'，而在区间（a,b ）上应用拉格朗日中值定理有 (b)f(a)(),(a,b)f f b aξξ-'=∈-所以0()()()()()()()()()()()f b f b f b f b f x a b a f b f b f f b f b f ξξξ''--=--=-=''''' 因为(x)0f ''>所以(x)f '单调递增 所以()()f b f ξ''>所以00x a ->，即0x a >，所以0a x b <<，结论得证.(22) (本题满分 11 分)设矩阵101101a A a a ⎛⎫ ⎪=- ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭且3A O =.(1) 求a 的值；(2) 若矩阵X 满足22X XA AX AXA E --+=，E 为3阶单位阵，求X .【答案】2010,111211a X -⎛⎫ ⎪==-- ⎪ ⎪-⎝⎭【解析】 (I)3231010*********1a A O A a a a a a a a a =⇒=⇒-=--==⇒=- (II)由题意知()()()()()()()()()222211122212X XA AX AXA E X E A AX E A EE A X E A E X E A E A E A E A X E A A ------+=⇒---=⎡⎤⇒--=⇒=--=--⎣⎦⇒=-- 2011111112E A A -⎛⎫ ⎪--=- ⎪ ⎪--⎝⎭，011100111010111010011100112001112001----⎛⎫⎛⎫ ⎪ ⎪-→- ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪----⎝⎭⎝⎭111010111010011100011100021011001211------⎛⎫⎛⎫ ⎪ ⎪→--→-- ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪-----⎝⎭⎝⎭110201100312010111010111001211001211---⎛⎫⎛⎫ ⎪ ⎪→-→- ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪--⎝⎭⎝⎭312111211X -⎛⎫ ⎪∴=- ⎪ ⎪-⎝⎭(23) (本题满分11 分)设矩阵02313312A a -⎛⎫ ⎪=-- ⎪ ⎪-⎝⎭相似于矩阵12000031B b -⎛⎫ ⎪= ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭.（1）求,a b 的值；（2）求可逆矩阵P ，使1P AP -为对角阵.【答案】（1）4,5a b ==；（2）231101011P --⎛⎫ ⎪=- ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭【解析】(I)~()()311A B tr A tr B a b ⇒=⇒+=++231201330012031--=⇒--=-A B b a 14235-=-=⎧⎧∴⇒⎨⎨-==⎩⎩a b a a b b (II)023100123133010123123001123A E C ---⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪=--=+--=+ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪--⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭()123112*********---⎛⎫⎛⎫ ⎪ ⎪=--=-- ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪-⎝⎭⎝⎭CC 的特征值1230,4λλλ===0λ=时(0)0-=E C x 的基础解系为12(2,1,0);(3,0,1)ξξ==-T T 5λ=时(4)0-=E C x 的基础解系为3(1,1,1)ξ=--TA 的特征值1:1,1,5λλ=+A C令123231(,,)101011ξξξ--⎛⎫ ⎪==- ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭P ，1115-⎛⎫ ⎪∴= ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭P AP1、最困难的事就是认识自己。

2020考研管综真题及解析完整版一、问题求解（3分）1....一等奖、二等奖、三等奖，比例为1:3:8，获奖率为30%，已知10人获得一等奖，则参加竞赛的人数（）.A、300B、400C、500D、550E、600【答案】B一、问题求解（3分）2....男、女人数的比例进行了随机抽样，结果如下：...男员工的平均年龄与全体员工的平均年龄分别是（单位：岁）（）.A、32，30B、33，29.5C、32，27D、30，27E、29.5，27【答案】A一、问题求解（3分）3....三角形ABCABC的面积与周长的大小之比为1:21:2，则圆OO的面积为（）.A、ππB、2π2πC、3π3πD、4π4πE、5π5π【答案】A一、问题求解（3分）4....每月流量20（含）以内免费，流量20到30（含）的每GBGB收费11元，流量30到40（含）的每GBGB收费3元，流量40以上的每GBGB收费5元，...45GB45GB的流量...交费（）.A、45元B、65元C、75元D、85元E、135元【答案】B一、问题求解（3分）5.设实数aa，bb满足|a−b|=2|a−b|=2，|a3−b3|=26|a3−b3|=26，则a2+b2=a2+b2=（）.A、30B、22C、15D、13E、10【答案】E一、问题求解（3分）6.将6张不同的卡片2张一组...若指定的2张卡片要在同一组，则不同的装法有（）.A、12种B、18种C、24种D、30种E、36种【答案】B一、问题求解（3分）7....A2,B2,C2,D2A2,B2,C2,D2分别是A1B1C1D1A1B1C1D1四边的中点...依次下去，得到四边形到A nB nC nD n(n=1,2,3⋅⋅⋅)AnBnCnDn(n=1,2,3⋅⋅⋅)。

设A nB nC nD n AnBnCnDn的面积为S n Sn且S1=12S1=12，则S1+S2+S3+⋅⋅⋅=S1+S2+S3+⋅⋅⋅=（）.A、16B、20C、24D、28E、30【答案】C一、问题求解（3分）8....先胜2盘者赢得比赛，每盘棋甲获胜的概率是0.6，乙获胜的概率是0.4，若乙在第一盘获胜，则甲赢得比赛的概率为（）.A、0.144B、0.288C、0.36D、0.4E、0.6【答案】C一、问题求解（3分）9.已知圆CC：x2+(y−a)2=bx2+(y−a)2=b，若圆在点(1,2)(1,2)处的切线与yy轴的交点为(0,3)(0,3)，则ab=ab=（）.A、-2B、-1C、0D、1E、2【答案】E一、问题求解（3分）10.有96位顾客至少购买了一种商品，同时购买了甲、乙有8位，同时购买了甲、丙有12位，同时购买了乙、丙有6位，同时购买了三种的有2位，则仅购买一种商品的顾客有（）位.A、70B、72C、74D、76E、82【答案】C一、问题求解（3分）11.函数f(x)=max{x2,−x2+8}f(x)=max{x2,−x2+8}的最小值为（）.A、8B、7C、6D、5E、4【答案】E一、问题求解（3分）12....3个部门主任和外聘的3名人员组成检查组，分2人一组检查工作，每组有1名外聘人员，本部门主任不能检查本部门，则不同的安排方式有（）.A、6B、8C、12D、18E、36【答案】C一、问题求解（3分）13.羽毛球队有4名男运动员和3名女运动员，从中选出两队参加混双比赛，则不同的选择方式有几种（）.A、9B、18C、24D、36E、72【答案】D一、问题求解（3分）14.圆柱体的底面半径为2高为3...若弦ABAB对应的圆心角为π3π3，则截下的（较小的部分）体积是（）.A、π−3π−3B、2π−62π−6C、π−3√32π−332D、2π−3√32π−33E、π−√3π−3【答案】D一、问题求解（3分）15.从标号为1到10的10张卡片中随机抽取2张，2张标号之和可以被5整除的概率为（）.A、1515B、1919C、2929D、215215E、745745【答案】A二、条件充分性判断（3分）16.设{a n}{an}为等差数列，则能确定a1+⋅⋅⋅+a9a1+⋅⋅⋅+a9的值. （1）已知a1a1的值（2）已知a5a5的值A条件（1）充分，但条件（2）不充分B条件（2）充分，但条件（1）不充分C条件（1）和条件（2）单独都不充分，但条件（1）和条件（2）联合起来充分D条件（1）充分，条件（2）也充分E条件（1）和条件（2）单独都不充分，条件（1）和条件（2）联合起来也不充分【答案】B二、条件充分性判断（3分）17.设m,nm,n是正整数，则能确定m+nm+n的值.（1）1m+3n=11m+3n=1（2）1m+2n=11m+2n=1A条件（1）充分，但条件（2）不充分B条件（2）充分，但条件（1）不充分C条件（1）和条件（2）单独都不充分，但条件（1）和条件（2）联合起来充分D条件（1）充分，条件（2）也充分E条件（1）和条件（2）单独都不充分，条件（1）和条件（2）联合起来也不充分【答案】D二、条件充分性判断（3分）18.甲、乙、丙三人的年收入成等比数列，则能确定乙的年收入的最大值. （1）已知甲、丙两人的年收入之和（2）已知甲、丙两人的年收入之积A条件（1）充分，但条件（2）不充分B条件（2）充分，但条件（1）不充分C条件（1）和条件（2）单独都不充分，但条件（1）和条件（2）联合起来充分D条件（1）充分，条件（2）也充分E条件（1）和条件（2）单独都不充分，条件（1）和条件（2）联合起来也不充分【答案】D二、条件充分性判断（3分）19.设xx，yy是实数，则|x+y|≤2|x+y|≤2.（1）x2+y2≤2x2+y2≤2（2）xy≤1xy≤1A条件（1）充分，但条件（2）不充分B条件（2）充分，但条件（1）不充分C条件（1）和条件（2）单独都不充分，但条件（1）和条件（2）联合起来充分D条件（1）充分，条件（2）也充分E条件（1）和条件（2）单独都不充分，条件（1）和条件（2）联合起来也不充分【答案】A二、条件充分性判断（3分）20....矩形ABCDABCD中，AE=FCAE=FC，则三角形AEDAED与四边形BCFEBCFE可以拼成一个直角三角形.（1）EB=2AEEB=2AE（2）ED=EFED=EFA条件（1）充分，但条件（2）不充分B条件（2）充分，但条件（1）不充分C条件（1）和条件（2）单独都不充分，但条件（1）和条件（2）联合起来充分D条件（1）充分，条件（2）也充分E条件（1）和条件（2）单独都不充分，条件（1）和条件（2）联合起来也不充分【答案】D二、条件充分性判断（3分）21.设aa，bb为实数，则圆x2+y2=2yx2+y2=2y与直线x+ay=bx+ay=b不相交.（1）|a−b|>√1+a2|a−b|>1+a2（2）|a+b|>√1+a2|a+b|>1+a2A条件（1）充分，但条件（2）不充分B条件（2）充分，但条件（1）不充分C条件（1）和条件（2）单独都不充分，但条件（1）和条件（2）联合起来充分D条件（1）充分，条件（2）也充分E条件（1）和条件（2）单独都不充分，条件（1）和条件（2）联合起来也不充分【答案】A二、条件充分性判断（3分）22.如果甲公司的年终奖总额增加25%，乙公司减少10%，两者相等，则能确定两公司的员工人数之比.（1）甲公司的人均年终奖与乙公司的相同（2）两公司的员工人数之比与两公司的年终奖总额之比相等A条件（1）充分，但条件（2）不充分B条件（2）充分，但条件（1）不充分C条件（1）和条件（2）单独都不充分，但条件（1）和条件（2）联合起来充分D条件（1）充分，条件（2）也充分E条件（1）和条件（2）单独都不充分，条件（1）和条件（2）联合起来也不充分【答案】D二、条件充分性判断（3分）23.已知点P(m,0)P(m,0)，A(1,3)A(1,3)，B(2,1)B(2,1)，点(x,y)(x,y)在三角形PABPAB上，则x−yx−y的最小值与最大值分别为−2,1−2,1. （1）m≤1m≤1（2）m≥−2m≥−2A条件（1）充分，但条件（2）不充分B条件（2）充分，但条件（1）不充分C条件（1）和条件（2）单独都不充分，但条件（1）和条件（2）联合起来充分D条件（1）充分，条件（2）也充分E条件（1）和条件（2）单独都不充分，条件（1）和条件（2）联合起来也不充分【答案】C二、条件充分性判断（3分）24.甲购买了若干件A玩具、乙购买了若干件B玩具送给幼儿园，甲比乙少花了100元，则能确定甲购买的玩具件数.（1）甲乙共购买了50件玩具（2）A玩具的价格是B玩具的两倍A条件（1）充分，但条件（2）不充分B条件（2）充分，但条件（1）不充分C条件（1）和条件（2）单独都不充分，但条件（1）和条件（2）联合起来充分D条件（1）充分，条件（2）也充分E条件（1）和条件（2）单独都不充分，条件（1）和条件（2）联合起来也不充分【答案】E二、条件充分性判断（3分）25.设函数f(x)=x2+axf(x)=x2+ax，则f(x)f(x)的最小值与f(f(x))f(f(x))的最小值相等.（1）a≥2a≥2（2）a≤0a≤0A条件（1）充分，但条件（2）不充分B条件（2）充分，但条件（1）不充分C条件（1）和条件（2）单独都不充分，但条件（1）和条件（2）联合起来充分D条件（1）充分，条件（2）也充分E条件（1）和条件（2）单独都不充分，条件（1）和条件（2）联合起来也不充分【答案】D三、逻辑推理（2分）26.人民既是历史的创造者，也是历史的见证者。

在职考研试题及答案一、单项选择题（每题2分，共10分）1. 在职考研的全称是什么？A. 在职硕士研究生B. 在职博士研究生C. 在职硕士研究生考试D. 在职博士研究生考试答案：A2. 下列哪项不是在职考研的优势？A. 工作学习两不误B. 节省时间C. 增加工作经验D. 降低就业压力答案：D3. 在职考研的考试科目通常包括哪些？A. 政治、英语、数学B. 政治、英语、专业课C. 英语、数学、专业课D. 政治、数学、专业课答案：B4. 在职考研的报名条件是什么？A. 具有本科学历B. 具有大专学历C. 具有高中学历D. 具有初中学历答案：A5. 在职考研的考试时间通常在每年的什么时候？A. 1月B. 5月C. 9月D. 12月答案：A二、多项选择题（每题3分，共15分）1. 在职考研的报名流程包括以下哪些步骤？A. 在线注册B. 现场确认C. 缴纳报名费D. 参加考试答案：ABC2. 在职考研的备考策略包括以下哪些方面？A. 制定学习计划B. 参加培训班C. 做历年真题D. 忽略考试大纲答案：ABC3. 在职考研的备考资料通常包括以下哪些？A. 教材B. 习题集C. 模拟试题D. 考试大纲答案：ABCD4. 在职考研的考试形式包括以下哪些？A. 笔试B. 面试C. 机考D. 口试答案：AB5. 在职考研的录取标准通常包括以下哪些因素？A. 考试成绩B. 工作经验C. 面试表现D. 推荐信答案：AC三、简答题（每题5分，共20分）1. 简述在职考研的备考时间规划。

答案：在职考研的备考时间规划应该根据个人的工作和学习情况来制定。

一般建议提前一年开始准备，前半年重点复习基础知识，中间半年进行强化训练和模拟测试，最后半年进行冲刺复习和调整状态。

2. 描述在职考研的报名流程。

答案：在职考研的报名流程通常包括在线注册、填写个人信息、上传证件照、选择报考专业和院校、缴纳报名费、现场确认等步骤。

3. 阐述在职考研与全日制研究生的区别。

2020山西省省委在职研究生真题及答案新疆境内有很多植物资源，在调查过程中，发现有采集地不同的三种植物，外型上比较相似，但是不能确定是否为同一个种。

请你用所学的细胞遗传学原理为其进行有说服力的分类分析。

你可以采用哪些方法？原理又是什么？（至少两种以上的方法）（1）核型分析:指染色体组在有丝分裂中期的表型,是染色体数目、大小、形态特征的总和。

在对染色体进行测量计算的基础上,进行分组、排队、配对,并进行形态分析的过程叫核型分析。

动物、植物、真菌等真核生物的某一个体或某一分类群（亚种、种、属等）的细胞内具有的相对恒定特性的单倍或双倍染色体组的表型。

染色体的特征以有丝分裂中期最为显著，主要包括染色体的数目、长度、着丝粒的位置、随体（指某些染色体末端的球形小体，由着色浅而狭细的次缢痕与染色体臂相连）与副缢痕的数目、大小、位置，以及异染色质和常染色质在染色体上的分布、染色体分带类型、同位素渗入等。

也称“染色体组型”。

将一个染色体组的全部染色体逐条按其特征画下来，再按长短、形态等特征排列起来的图称为核型模式图，它代表一个物种的核型模式。

根据染色体长度、着丝点位置、长短臂比、随体有无等特点进行编号。

（2）带型分析:指借助于某些物理、化学处理，使中期染色体显现出深浅、大小、位置不同的带纹，特定的染色体其带纹数目、位置、宽度及深浅程度都有相对的恒定性，可以作为识别特定染色体的重要依据。

染色带的类型1.C带:主要显示着丝粒、端粒、核仁组织区或染色体臂上某些部位的组成型异染色质。

因期分带部位不同，有着丝粒带、端粒带、核仁组织区带和中间带等相应的名称。

2.N带：核仁组织区的异染色质与其他部位的异染色质有所区别。

用N带技术（热磷酸盐处理）可专一地显示核仁组织区。

目前植物上利用同一技术也可显示染色体的其他部位，如着丝粒、染色体臂上的某些特殊区带等。

3.G带:Giemsa带分布于染色体的全部长度上，以深浅相间的横纹形式出现。

现已证明，有丝分裂中期染色体上的G-带、唾腺染色体上的横纹、粗线期染色体上的染色粒，三者在部位上是准确一致的，因此G-带显示的实际上是染色粒。

财政学-在职研究生试卷2021对外经济贸易大学2021─2021学年第二学期《财政学》课程研究生期末考试试卷所在班级：WULIU1401011 姓名： wuliu本试卷共有五道大题题号分值一二三四五卷面成绩一、名词解释（5题，每题3分，共15分）1．什么是外部性？外部性是指一个个体（个人、家庭、企业或其他经济主体）（市场机制之外）的行为对他人产生的利益或成本影响。

也就是说，某人承担了成本，但是没有获得对应的利益；或他捞到了好处，却没有为此付出代价。

外部性是指一个个体（个人、家庭、企业或其他经济主体）（市场机制之外）的行为对他人产生的利益或成本影响。

也就是说，某人承担了成本，但是没有获得对应的利益；或他捞到了好处，却没有为此付出代价。

此时，MSC≠MPC，MSB≠MPB，P= MSC= MPC= MSB= MPB不再成立。

外部性分为正外部性和负外部性。

正外部性是个体行为为他人带来了利益；负外部性是个体行为为他人带来损失产生成本。

2．什么是寻租？“租（金）”，又称“经济租（金）”，在经济学中，其原意是指一种生产要素的所有者获得的收入中，超过这种要素的机会成本的剩余。

在完全竞争中，各生产要素在各产业部门的使用和配置，会使其机会成本和要素收入相等。

企业家成功开发一项新产品，其企业就可能得到高于其他企业的超额收入。

这种活动可称为“创租（rent creation）”或称之为“寻利（profit-seeking）”。

“寻利”是正常的市场竞争机制的表现，其作用是降低成本和开发新产品。

该活动的特征，是追求新增社会经济利益，因而会增加社会福利。

3．什么是罗尔斯主义公平观？一个社会的公平状况，取决于这个社会中生活处境最差的那个人。

W?min{U1,U2,,Un}罗尔斯提出的标准是基于“无知面纱”假设，即每个人都无法准确预计自己的未1 / 7来，每个人都有可能在未来处境中变得很差，这样，每个人为了自己的未来，所选择的公平标准就应该是这个标准。