2013年南京航空航天大学211翻译硕士英语考研初试真题(A卷)

南京航空航天大学2018年硕士研究生入学考试初试试题（A卷）科目代码:620满分:150 分科目名称:基础英语注意:①认真阅读答题纸上的注意事项；②所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在本试题纸或草稿纸上均无效；③本试题纸须随答题纸一起装入试题袋中交回！I. Vocabulary (20 points)A.Choose the word or phrase marked A, B, C, and D to best correspond to the word above. Be sure to writedown your choice on the answer sheet. (10 points)1. obliviousa) subtle b) obviousc) unaware d) unknown2. divergencea) connection b) differencec) depletion d) isolation3. incongruousa) inappropriate b) unusualc) suitable d) consistent4. resourcefula) thoughtful b) wittyc) excited d) delighted5. reproacha) movement nearer to a person or thingb) an act of thinking about something carefullyc) a feeling of great sadnessd) an act of blaming somebody6. consolidatea) strengthen b) take care ofc) encourage d) support7. masculinitya) heroism b) a process of an actionc) manliness d) frustration8. pejorativea) full of praise b) existing widelyc) humorous d) expressing disapproval9. coveta) want b) protectc) hide d) consider10. shrug offa) destroy b) laugh atc) dismiss d) removeB. Directions: Explain the italicized words in the following sentences with simple, everyday words or expressions in English. Be sure to write down your explanation on the answer sheet. (10 points)1. Peter was conspicuous for his queer jeans.2. The King’s English should not be laid down as an edict, and made immune to change from below.3. Alice is so fastidious about her food that I never invite her for dinner.4. With a clamor of bells that set the swallows soaring, the Festival of Summer came to the city.5. Rebellion was not confined to the United States, but affected the entire Western world as a result of theaftermath of the first serious war in a century.6. She laughed at my clumsy compliment and said I had better take to writing fashion articles instead ofpolitical leaders.7. This ideal “parcel” service is also a plus for the shipowners not to be dependent on only one customer.8. The storm of abuse in the popular press that greeted the appearance of the new dictionary is a curiousphenomenon.9. “I got a curious nature, ma’am. How’d you figure where your husband was?”10. On the day of the bombing I ran all over the city looking for missing friends and relatives, and I thoughtsomehow I had been spared.II. Cloze (20 points)A.Fill in each of the following blanks with a suitable word in its proper form and write down the requiredword on the answer sheet. (10 points)Earlier today, my colleague Derek Thompson argued that; it’s misleading to think of marriage 1 a “luxury good”. Why? Because luxury goods are something the 2 buy and the poor can’t afford. But in the case of 3 the trend is more complex. The vast majority of Americans tie the knot at some point in their lives, he argues. It’s just that those 4 a college education are far, far more likely to get divorced. Marriage is for everyone; failed marriages are 5 the poor.Bleak stuff. But it’s getting bleaker.Derek’s post is based 6 a long-term study of young Baby Boomers, who were at least 46 7 old by 2010. But among younger Americans, marriage really is looking more and more 8 something you’d have to buy at Tiffany's. According to 2012 Census Bureau report, 9 shows the percentage of men who have never married by age and income, the less a guy earns nowadays, the 10 likely they are to have ever gotten married.Well, that’s not l00 percent true. Among twenty-somethings there seems to be a rich bachelor 11 going on (or an overworked young professional effect, if you prefer). Those making $75,000 or more are somewhat less likely to have been married than 12 making between $40,000 and $75,000.This particular set of Census data unfortunately tells us much less about 13 and marriage. The problem: Stay-at-home moms.The key to remember, though, is that many educated, high-earning women, the sorts who are likely to meet and 14 educated and high-earning men, leave the workforce or go part time once they have children. So apublicist who once made over $70,000 a year might 15 earn $20,000 if she decided 16 work fewer hours while 17 for her children at home.Here’s why this trend--not just the move towards divorce like Derek talked about, 18 the move from marriage entirely -- is so gloomy. Getting married, and staying married, is 19 of the surest ways of securing a middle class life. By choosing 20 to wed in the first place, the poor are abandoning that chance at stability.B. Fill in each blank with a proper word from the following box. Change its form if necessary and write down the required word on the answer sheet. (10 points)lean to sound spread by down cry lap presence one before pagoda attack into assassinate sorrowput gloom turn forgivenessNEW DELHI, JANUARY 30, 1948 -- Mohandas K. Gandhi was 1 today by a Hindu extremist whose act plunged India into 2 and fear.Rioting broke out immediately in Bombay.The seventy-eight-year-old leader whose people had christened him the Great Soul of India died at 3:45 P.M. (1:15 A M. EST) with his head cradled in the 3 of his sixteen-year-old granddaughter, Mani.Just half an hour before, a Hindu fanatic, Ram Naturam, had pumped three bullets from a revolver 4 Gandhi’s frail body, emaciated by years of fasting and asceticism.Gandhi was shot in the luxurious gardens of Birla House in the 5 of one thousand of his followers, whom he was leading to the little summer pagoda where it was his habit 6 make his evening devotions.Dressed as always in his homespun, sacklike dhoti, and 7 heavily on a staff of stout wood, Gandhi was only a feet from the 8 when the shots were fired.Gandhi crumpled instantly, 9 his hand to his forehead in the Hindu gesture of10 to his assassin.Three bullets penetrated his body at close range, one in the upper right thigh, one in the abdomen, and 11 in the chest.The shots 12 like a string of firecrackers and it was a moment 13 Gandhi’s devotees realized what had happened. Then they 14 on the assassin savagely and would have torn him to bits had not police guards intervened with rifles and drawn bayonets.Over all India the word 15 like wildfire. Minutes after the flash was received in Bombay rioting broke out, with Hindu extremists 16 Moslems. A panic-stricken Moslem woman echoed the thoughts of thousands with a 17 : “God help us all!”In Delhi itself, in the quick-gathering 18 of the night, the news set the people on the march.They walked slowly 19 the avenues and out of the squalid bazaars, converging on Birla House. There 20 the thousands they stood weeping silently or moaning a wailing.III. Error correction (20 points)Directions: There are twenty mistakes in the following passage. You are required to underline or mark the mistakes and get them corrected. Be sure to write down the correct form on the answer sheet.Exa mple: “Wordsworth is said to have ∨most fascinating voice!” theLike the life span, the metabolic rate has, for differentorganisms, a fixed mathematical relationship to the body mass.In comparison to the life span, this relationship is “inverted”: thelarger the organism, the low its metabolic rate. Such relationship 1. __________is valid not only for birds, but also for other organisms.Animals which behave “frugal” with energy become 2. __________particularly old, for example, crocodiles and tortoises. Parrots andbirds of prey are often held chain up. Thus they are not able to 3. __________“experience life” and so they can attain a high life span incaptivities. Animals which save energy by hibernation live much 4. __________longer than those which are always active. The metabolic rate ofa mice can be reduced by a very low consumption of food. They 5. __________then may live twice as long as their well-fed comrades. Womenbecome distinctively older than men. If you examine the metabolic 6. __________rates of the two sexes, you establish that the higher male metabolicrate roughly accounts for the short male life span. That means that 7. __________they live life “energetically” --- more intensely, but not for as long.It follows from the above that sparing use of energy reservesshould tend to extend life. Extremely high performance sports 8. _________may lead to optimal cardiovascular performance, but they quitecertainly do not prolong life. Relaxation lowers metabolic rate,like does adequate sleep. Each of us can develop his or her own 9. __________“energy saving programme” with a little self-observation andself-control. Experience will show that live in this way not only 10. __________ increases the life span but also is very healthy.IV. Paraphrase (30 points)Directions: Restate the following sentences in another form in English to clarify the meaning. Be sure to write down your restatement on the answer sheet.1. As you penetrate deeper into the bazaar, the noise of the entrance fades away, and you come to the mutedcloth market.2. I had a lump in my throat and a lot of sad thoughts on my mind that had nothing to do with anything aNippon railways official might say.3. Acre by acre, the rain forest is being burned to create fast pasture for fast-food beef.4. Like good looks and money, quickness passed her by.5. Carla fled away from her parents because she wanted to lead an authentic kind of life.6. New York was never a good convention city but it is making something of a comeback as a tourist attraction.7. Wearing that Dior dress, she made everyone else in a room or street look cheap.8. Let us remember that civility is not a sign of weakness, and sincerity is always subject to proof.9. Perhaps the child was born defective, or perhaps it has become imbecile through fear, malnutrition, andneglect.10. Thanks to a lifetime of sitting in this position his left leg is warped out of shape.V. General Knowledge (20 points)A. Directions: Choose the best to fill in the blank or answer the question.(10 points)1. What kind of figure of speech is used in lines “Till all the seas gone dry, my dear,/ And the rocks melt with the sun,/ And I will love thee still, my dear.”A. oxymoronB. metonymyC. understatementD. hyperbole2. ____ is defined as “an author’s careful arrangement of incidents in a narrative to achieve a desired effect.”A. settingB. toneC. plotD. exposition3. As a literary approach, ____ can be defined as a discourse that concerns itself particularly with literature written in English in formerly colonized countries.A. Marxist criticismB. Feminist criticismC. Postcolonial CriticismD. Psychoanalysis criticism4. Which one of the following plays is not regarded as the most important tragedies of William Shakespeare?A. Romeo and JulietB. OthelloC. King LearD. Macbeth5. The publication of ___ symbolized the real beginning of British Romanticism.A. Lyrical BalladsB. Leaves of GrassC. Pride and PrejudiceD. Walden6. ___ won the 2017 Nobel Prize for Literature.A. Alice MunroB. Doris LessingC. Margaret AtwoodD. Kazuo Ishiguro7. All theories about the origin of language are hypothetical in nature. Which of the following is not a theory / hypothesis about the origin of language?A. Innateness hypothesis.B. The evolutionary theory.C. The divine-origin theory.D. The invention theory.8. Which of the following falls under the category of semantics?A．PS Rules B. IC AnalysisC. Componential AnalysisD. Error Analysis9. ___ is designed to discover mainly what the testee does not know about the language. A test of such kindcan help the teacher to find out what is wrong with the previous learning and what should be included in the future teaching work.A. Achievement testB. Proficiency testC. Diagnostic testD. Aptitude test10. Which of the following descriptions about the London School is INCORRECT?A. One of the chief representatives of London School is M.A.K. Halliday.B. It stresses the importance of context of situation aspect of language.C. It stresses the importance of the system aspect of language.D. It is best known for its contribution to phonology.B. Directions: Candidates are FREE to choose any FIVE from the following TEN terms and explain them in plain English on the answer sheet. (10 points)1. Endocentric construction2. Syntax3. Assimilation4. Functional sentence perspective5. Cohesion6. Stream of Consciousness7. Gothic fiction8. Critical Realism9. Protagonist10. Harlem RenaissanceVI. Reading Comprehension (40 points)Directions: Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers marked［A］,［B］,［C］or［D］. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Be sure to write down your choice on the answer sheet.Passage AIn the first age, we created gods. We carved them out of wood; there was still such a thing as wood, then. We forged them from shining metals and painted them on temple walls. They were gods of many kinds, and goddesses as well. Sometimes they were cruel and drank our blood, but also they gave us rain and sunshine, favourable winds, good harvests, fertile animals, many children. A million birds flew over us then, a million fish swam in our seas.Our gods had horns on their heads, or moons, or sealy fins, or the beaks of eagles. We called them All-Knowing, we called them Shining One. We knew we were not orphans. We smelled the earth and rolled in it; its juices ran down our chins.In the second age we created money. This money was also made of shining metals. It had two faces: on one side was a severed head, that of a king or some other noteworthy person, on the other face was something else, something that would give us comfort: a bird, a fish, a fur-bearing animal. This was all that remained of our former gods. The money was small in size, and each of us would carry some of it with him every day, as close to the skin as possible. We could not eat this money, wear it or burn it for warmth; but asif by magic it could be changed into such things. The money was mysterious, and we were in awe of it. If you had enough of it, it was said, you would be able to fly.In the third age, money became a god. It was all-powerful, and out of control. It began to talk. It began to create on its own. It created feasts and famines, songs of joy, lamentations. It created greed and hunger, which were its two faces. Towers of glass rose at its name, were destroyed and rose again. It began to eat things. It ate whole forests, croplands and the lives of children. It ate armies, ships and cities. No one could stop it. To have it was a sign of grace.In the fourth age we created deserts. Our deserts were of several kinds, but they had one thing in common: nothing grew there. Some were made of cement, some were made of various poisons, some of baked earth. We made these deserts from the desire for more money and from despair at the lack of it. Wars, plagues and famines visited us, but we did not stop in our industrious creation of deserts. At last all wells were poisoned, all rivers ran with filth, all seas were dead; there was no land left to grow food.Some of our wise men turned to the contemplation of deserts. A stone in the sand in the setting sun could be very beautiful, they said.You who have come here from some distant world, to this dry lakeshore and this cairn, and to this cylinder of brass, in which on the last day of all our recorded days I place our final words: Pray for us, who once, too, thought we could fly.1. According to the passage, money is “mysterious” because it ___.A. can speak to human beings.B. seems to be omnipotent.C. is a symbol of wealth.D. is a sign of grace.2. In the passage, “age” refers to ____.A. Different phases of civilization.B. The recorded year in human history.C. Different social systems in human history.D. The scale of intelligence of human beings in history.3. Which of the following statement about gods described in the passage is true?A. Gods always bless human beings.B. Gods are more often than not ferocious in the age of metals.C. Gods are created, carved out of wood or metals.D. Gods are symbols of huma n’s greed.4. Which of the following statements about “deserts” is NOT true?A. No life survives in the deserts.B. Deserts are nothing but a process of desertification.C. It is human being’s greed for money that leads to the prevalence of deserts.D. Deserts result in wars, plagues and famines, which causes more deserts.5. From this passage, we know that ____.A. Human beings will go extinct by themselves one day.B. Human beings are living in the fourth age.C. The earth will become more and more inhabitable since there will never be enough money.D. The author is pessimistic of the future of human beings.Passage BSafety is a concern of everyone who flies or contemplates it. I can provide you with volumes of information about the attention to safety given by the airline industry. No other form of transportation is as scrutinized, investigated and monitored as commercial aviation.Yet if you decide to hold onto the belief that flying is dangerous, then these reassuring safety facts are lost to you. Statistics and figures that prove airline transportation to be the safest way to travel relate to our logical, reasoning, rational mind. Most passengers who have knowledge of the commercial airline industry believe that flying is safe. But when someth ing occurs that we don’t understand, any of us can become quickly frightened. That’s why I encourage you to study as much as you need to reassure yourself about the industry and to take some of the mystery out of commercial flight.However, some small thing may occur on one of your flights that you haven’t studied. If you become startled or frightened at that time, the statistics that I am about to present may come in handy. An airline accident is so rare, when some unfamiliar noise or bump occurs, your response need not be, “Oh, no! What’s wrong?!” Instead, it can be something like, “I’m not sure what that sound was, but there’s nothing to worry about.” Feel free to press your overhead call button to page a flight attendant whenever you want to ask abou t unfamiliar sights or sounds. But you needn’t jump to fearful conclusions.Dr. Arnold Barnett, of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, has done extensive research in the field of commercial flight safety. He found that over the fifteen years between 1975 and 1994, the death risk per flight was one in seven million. This statistic is the probability that someone who randomly selected one of the airline’s flights over the 19-year study period would be killed in route. That means that any time you board a flight on a major carrier in this country, your chance of being in a fatal accident is one in seven million. It doesn’t matter whether you fly once every three years or every day of the year.In fact, based on this incredible safety record, if you did fly every day of your life, probability indicates that it would take you nineteen thousand years before you would succumb to a fatal accident.Perhaps you have occasionally taken the train for your travels, believing that it would be safer. Think again. Based on train accidents over the past twenty years, your chances of dying on a transcontinental train journey are one in a million. Those are great odds, mind you. But flying coast-to-coast is ten times safer than making the trip by train.How about driving, our typical form of transportation? There are approximately one hundred and thirty people killed daily in auto accidents. That’s every day -- yesterday, today and tomorrow. And that’s forty-seven thousand killed per year.6. According to the passage, which of the following statement about transportation safety is correct?A. The safety of the train is the most concerned one among people.B. The safety of commercial aviation is the most concerned one among people.C. The safety of driving is the most concerned one among people.D. The safety of different transportations is equally concerned among people.7. Dr. Arnold Barnett’s finding that “the death risk per flight was one in seven million” means ___.A. whether a person flies every three years or every day of the year, he will be safe.B. It is not likely for a person to be in danger during flight.C. The possibility of encountering deadly accident is extremely slim.D. One will die if he flies for seven million times.8. According to the author, for those who worry about the safety of flying, they should ___.A. study the flight industry and disclose the mysteries of it.B. be familiar with the statistics and figures as much as possible.C. not argue with others about the safety of the plane.D. not forget that trains and cars are no safer than flying.9. According to the passage, the author argues that ___.A. trains are not as safe as driving.B. driving is more dangerous so people tend to travel by train.C. taking the train to travel is more dangerous than flying so people tend to take flight.D. people still feel the threat of death even they know flying is rather safe.10. What is the best title for this passage?A. The Safest TransportationB. Safety MattersC. No Statistics, No SafetyD. Misunderstanding about FlyingPassage CN ew nature writing is a relatively new literary genre, but it’s become so popular that Barack Obama included one of these books, H is for Hawk, by Helen Macdonald, in his summer holiday reading list.What is this new genre? New nature writing combines memoir with the author’s experience with nature. The author has suffered a trauma, and they turn to the natural world for solace. In H is for Hawk, Helen Macdonald tells of the unexpected loss of her father in her late thirties. To distract herself from her grief, she attempts to tame a hawk. It’s not surprising that Obama would cho ose this book — he, too, lost hi Similarly, Amy Liptrot, in her book The Outrun, describes her return to the isle of Orkney, where she took long walks and rebuilt a stone wall as a way of recovering from alcohol addiction and the breakup of a relationship. These are but two of many recent examples.Writing about nature as a way of easing the pain of illness or trauma is nothing new, of course. John Keats, for example, wrote his poem Ode to a Nightingale in 1819 as he battled tuberculosis.The natural environment seems not only to help us heal, but also to unblock our creative powers. In his novel Amsterdam, Ian McEwan describes the frustration of his main character, Clive Linley, who feels blockedas he tries to finish a musical composition. He leaves London because, as McEwan writes, Linley knew he “needed mountains, big skies. The Lake District, perhaps”.What is it about nature that’s so healing and so inspiring? It seems that just looking at a natural object has a powerful and positive effect.Roger Ulrich at the University of Delaware examined the medical records of 46 patients who’d undergone gall bladder surgery between 1972 and 1981. Twenty-three of them convalesced in a ward that looked out onto an open space full of trees, while the other 23 had a view of a brick wall. Ulrich found that those who viewed the trees had a shorter post-operative stay and took fewer strong analgesics than did the other patients.Whatever it is that the natural environment does for us —whether it’s something in the environment itself, or the exposure to natural light or an increase in exercise that stimulates the release of endorphins — it seems that experiencing the natural world has great power.Distilling that experience into words, music or art can help us even more. As Helen Macdonald explained in a recent interview, writing down her experiences gave her a sense “that something was done, and it was a goodbye to my father and to that time”.Next time you feel blocked creatively, therefore, or you seek relief from pain as you recover from a trauma, make sure you spend some time in natural surroundings.11. Which one of the following cannot exemplify that nature is a way of relieving pain and trauma?A. H is for HawkB. The OutrunC. “Ode to a Nightingale”D. Amsterdam12. Ulrich’s experiment shows that ___.A. Barack Obama is wise to read the new nature writing.B. patients will never suffer from gall bladder after successful surgery.C. those patients having a view of wall tend to suffer from psychological problem.D. those patients having a view of lives tend to recover better and faster.13. According to the passage, what cannot be concluded or inferred?A. Nature makes people feel peaceful and comfortable.B. Nature will remind people of the sweet memories in the past.C. Nature helps people overcome traumatic experiences.D. Nature is more often than not inspiring for people.14. New nature writing ____.A. is a kind of literary critical approachB. is regarded as a new type of writingC. is not new at all since its relevance to nature writingD. stems from people’s desire to recall the past15. From the passage we know that ___.A. nature is omnipotent.B. nature is full of mysteries which makes it powerful.C. nature can heal, both physically and psychologically.D. nature has healing power and hospitals should be built within nature.Passage DIdentity, as academ ics define it, falls into two broad categories: “achieved” identity derived from personal effort, and “ascribed” identity based on innate characteristics.Everyone has both, but people tend to be most attached to their “best” identity — the one that offers the most social status or privileges. Successful professionals, for example, often define their identities primarily through their careers. For generations, working-class whites were doubly blessed: They enjoyed privileged status based on race, as well as the fruits of broad economic growth.White people’s officially privileged status waned over the latter half of the 20th century with the demise of discriminatory practices in, say, university admissions. But rising wages, an expanding social safety net and new educational opportunities helped offset that. Most white adults were wealthier and more successful than their parents, and confident that their children would do better still. That feeling of success may have provided a sort of identity in itself.But as Western manufacturing and industry have declined, taking many working-class towns with them, parents and grandparents have found that the opportunities they once had are unavailable to the next generation. That creates an identity vacuum to be filled.Arlie Russell Hochschild describes a feeling of lost opportunity. Her subjects felt like they were waiting in a long line to reach the top of a hill where the American dream was waiting for them. But the line’s uphill progress had slowed, even stopped. A nd immigrants, black people and other “outsiders” seemed to be cutting the line.For many Western whites, opportunities for achieved identity — the top of the hill — seem unattainable. So their ascribed identity — their whiteness — feels more important than ever.The formal rejection of racial discrimination in those societies has, by extension, constructed a new, broader national identity. The United States has a black president.But that broadening can, to some, feel like a painful loss, articulated in the demand voiced over and over at Trump rallies.The loss of that comforting hum has accelerated a phenomenon that Robin DiAngelo, calls “white fragility” — the stress white people feel when they confront the knowledge that they are neither special nor the default; that whiteness is just a race like any other. Fragility leads to feelings of insecurity, defensiveness, even threat. And it can trigger a backlash against those who are perceived as outsiders.Even some conservative analysts who support a multieth nic “melting pot” national identity worry that unassimilated immigrants could threaten core national values and cultural cohesion.The struggle for white identity is not just a political problem; it is about the “deep story” of feeling stuck while others move forward.There will not likely be a return to the whiteness of social dominance and exclusive national identity. Immigration cannot be halted without damaging Western nations’ economies; immigrants who have already。

翻译与写作（英语）2012年南京航空航天大学硕士研究生考试真题南京航空航天大学2012年硕士研究生入学考试初试试题 A科目代码： 842 科目名称：翻译与写作(英语) 满分： 150 分注意:①认真阅读答题纸上的注意事项；②所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在本试题纸或草稿纸上均无效；③本试题纸须随答题纸一起装入试题袋中交回！Part One: Translate the following into Chinese ( 60 points)（1）Judging from the scientists I know, and those whom I’ve read about, you can’t pursue the laws of nature very long without bumping into beauty. “I don’t know if it’s the same beauty you see in the sunset,” a friend tells me, “but it feels the same.” This friend is a physicist, who has spent a long career deciphering what must be happening in the interior of stars. He recalls for me this thrill on grasping for the first time Dirac’s（狄拉克）equations describing quantum mechanics, or those of Einstein describing relativity. “They’re so beautiful,” he says, “you can see immediately they have to be true. Or at least on the way toward truth.” I ask him what makes a theory beautiful, and he replies, “Simplicity, symmetry, elegance, and power.”（2）It is time for the baby’s birthday party: a white cake, strawberry-marshmallow ice cream, a bottle of champagne saved from another party. In the evening, after she has gone to sleep, I kneel beside the crib and touch her face, where it is pressed against the slats, with mine. She is an open and trusting child, unprepared for and unaccustomed to the ambushes of family life,and perhaps it is just as well that I can offer her little of that life.I would like to give her more. I would like to promise her that she will grow up with a sense of her cousins and of rivers and of her great-grandmother’s teacups, would like to pledge her a picnic on a river with fried chicken and her hair uncombed, would like to give her home for her birthday, but we live differently now and I can promise her nothing like that.（3）I desire urbanity. I believe this is the rarest quality in the world. Indeed, it probably does not exist anywhere. A really urbane person — a mortal open-minded and affable to conviction of his own shortcomings and errors, and unguided in anything by irrational blind prejudices — could not but in a world of men and women be regarded as a monster. We are all of us, as if by instinct, intolerant of that which is unfamiliar: we resent its impudence, and very much the same principle which prompts small boys to jeer at a straw-hat out of season induces their elders to send missionaries to the heathen.Part Two: Translate the following into English (40 points)（1）从小学到中学，所修习的无非是一些普通的基本知识。

2013翻译硕士MTI各校真题汇总2013翻译硕士各校真题汇总2013考研已经过去，各种尘埃即将落定。

先把各个学校的真题回忆版本汇总给后来人一个复习方向。

也算给考研生活画上一个圆满的句号。

感谢网友的及时回忆，谢谢给位的奉献。

欢迎补充！愿各位取的好成绩！1、2013复旦大学MTI专业课真题回忆版基础英语。

今年的基础英语稍微有些变化，第一题仍然是无选项完型，20个空，第二题是改错，和第一题是属于一篇文章的，二十行二十个错误，第三题是词汇和语法，词汇题比去年增加了不少，第四题是阅读理解四篇一共15个小题，最后一篇稍微有些深度，上来第一句是boresom 其实是讲现代社会摧毁理性和真理的。

然后作文25分就最后一篇阅读理解发表一下自己的看法。

翻译。

背了一堆翻译词汇今年竟然一个词汇翻译都没有，就一个汉译英70分与一个英译汉80分。

英译汉是一篇医学文章，里面什么胆囊啊肠啊的生词一大堆。

汉译英是文言文啊亲，我旦不学好啊，跟着北大学考文言文额。

原文如下：世有三乐，真乐也。

一曰人伦之乐，二曰心地之乐，三曰讲习之乐。

孟子曰：“父母俱存，兄弟无故，一乐也。

”此人伦之乐也；“仰不愧于天，俯不怍于人，二乐也。

”此心地之乐也；“得天下英才而教育之，三乐也。

”此讲习之乐也。

人伦之乐自父母兄弟之外，妻室欲其同甘苦，子孙欲其师教，宗族欲其和睦，女之适人者欲其得所归结，自人伦而推之，有一败人意则非乐也。

心地之乐岂止俯仰无愧怍而已，其道德必与圣贤合、与天地并，可也；道德未同乎圣贤、未同乎天地，不可以已也。

讲习之乐何止于得英才而教育，凡学问德行之有胜乎吾者，吾方且师之，虽受人之教育亦乐矣。

此三者，天下之真乐。

不此之乐，而以外物为乐，乐未一二，而忧已八九。

世俗以为乐，识者不贵也。

百科知识中国四大发明，欧债危机，金砖四国，莫言，生态难民，莎士比亚，君主立宪制，euro tunnel，thedeclaration of independence，DNA，伦敦奥运会，秦始皇陵兵马俑，论语，大中华文库，Encyclopedia Britannica，a nation on wheels，还有一个masps 还是什么的这个不知道，数了数17个还有8个想不起来了，这个是一个2分，一共五十分。

南京航空航天大学2013年硕士研究生入学考试初试试题 A卷 科目代码: 211满分: 100 分科目名称: 翻译硕士英语注意: ①认真阅读答题纸上的注意事项；②所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在本试题纸或草稿纸上均无效；③本试题纸须随答题纸一起装入试题袋中交回！I. Vocabulary and Structure (15 points)Directions: There are 15 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A., B., C. and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then write down your answer on the Answer Sheet.1. Last week our maths teacher set so difficult an examination problem______ none of usworked out.A. thatB. whichC. asD. so that2. _______ you’re got a chance, you might as well make full use of it.A. Now thatB. AfterC. AlthoughD. As soon as3. The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point _____ he can walk correctlyand safely.A. whenB. whereC. whichD. how4. Grace doesn’t want to move to New York because she thinks if she _____ there, she wouldn’tbe able to see her parents very often.A. livesB. would liveC. having askedD. were to live5. Robert felt very sorry that he had missed the chance ____ the president.A. to meetB. meetC. meetingD. to have met6. Film has a much shorter history, especially when _____ such art forms as music and painting.A. having compared toB. comparing toC. compare toD. compared to7. Because his first wife didn’t give birth ____ a son, the King decided to ____her.A. with; divorceB. to; divorceC. to; divorce withD. with; divorce with8. Albert Einstein once said,” People owe my success _____ my talents. Actually my success lies_____ my diligence.A. to; onB. to; inC. with; inD. for; on9. A promising executive should be ready to welcome tight _______ and hard work.A. depositB. bidC. speedD. budget10. The lecturer continued that _______ law was different to criminal law.A. defenseB. civicC. culturalD. civil11. The schoolboys are more ______ not to make any mistakes in spelling than ever before.A. careB. cautiousC. liableD. dangerous12. Behind these obvious _______ motives to anti‐Jewish attitudes there was a deeper cause.A. ridiculousB. sadC. reasonableD. encouraging13. Scientists believe that oxygen is released as a ______ of the photosynthesis(光能合成)A. financeB. therapyC. by‐productD. doubt14. The local police made an ______ into the accident which caused ten deaths.A. interferenceB. investigationC. interruptionD. interaction15. The judicial minister _______ the latest crime figures as proof of the need for strengtheningof the comprehensive administration of social public order.A. spokeB. citedC. examinedD. playedII. Fill in the blanks (10 points)Directions: In the following passage you may select suitable words from the words given below. Do not use any of the words more than once.A) disgusting B) embarrassing C) pierced D) appeal E) commit F) upset G) challenge H) comment I) remove J) suddenly K) unique L) negative M) offensive N) absolutely O) awfulI have to write to you about the way you dress. I was a little intimidated to _________ in person, so I am writing instead. I hope this doesn’t ______ you, but something has to be done. I must ______ to you to start dressing like a mom.Your _______ sense of fashion is more like a sister’s than a mother’s. Personally, it’s ________ to have a mom who dresses younger than I do. You wear T‐shirts with torn jeans and your nose is __________. My friends say it’s strange, but I think they’re being a little too _______. It’s most likely because their boyfriends think you are pretty. Still, if you want me to have any friends in this community, it is vital that you _______ the ring from your nose and start dressing like the other moms. Don’t your peers ever show any concern?Don’t you remember how horrible being a teenager can be? I feel ______ because I think people of my age would rather talk to you than to me. Last week at the shopping center, I had the ______ worst experience of my life. The young man who took our money asked if you were my older sister. I thought he would like ask you out if I hadn’t said “Thanks, mom” to you. It was disgusting.III. Cloze (20 points)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then write down your answer on the Answer Sheet.Geography is the study of the relationship between people and the land. Geographers(地理学家) compare and contrast __1__ places on the earth. But they also __2__ beyond the individual places and consider the earth as a __3__ The word geography __4__ from two Greek words, ge, the Greek word for “earth” and graphein, __5__ means “to write.” The English word geography means “to describe the earth.” __6__ geography books focus on a small area __7__ a town or city. Others deal with a state, a region, a nation, or an __8__ continent. Many geography books deal with the whole earth. Another __9__ to divide the study of __10__ is to distinguish between physical geography and cultural geography. The former focuses on the natural world; the __11__ starts with human beings and __12__ how human beings and their environment act __13__ each other. But when geography is considered as a single subject, __14__ branch can neglect the other. A geographer might be described __15__ one who observes, records, and explains the __16__ between places. If all places __17__ alike, there would be little need for geographers. We know, however, __18__ no two places are exactly the same. Geography,__19__, is a point of view, a special way of __20__ at places.1. A) similar B) various C) distant D) famous2. A) pass B) reach C) go D) set3. A) whole B) unit C) part D) total4. A) falls B) removes C) results D) comes5. A) what B) that C) which D) it6. A) Some B) Many C) Most D) Few7. A) outside B) except C) as D) like8. A) extensive B) entire C) overall D) enormous9. A) way B) means C) habit D) technique10. A) world B) earth C) geography D) globe11. A) second B) later C) next D) latter12. A) learns B) studies C) realizes D) understands13. A) upon B) for C) as D) to14. A) neither B) either C) one D) each15. A) for B) to C) as D) by16. A) exceptions B) sameness C) differences D) divisions17. A) being B) are C) be D) were18. A) although B) whether C) since D) that19. A) still B) then C) nevertheless D) moreover20. A) working B) looking C) arriving D)gettingIV. Reading Comprehension (30 points)Directions: There are 3 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A., B., C. and D. You should decide on the best choice and write down your answer on the Answer Sheet.Passage 1The UK is made up of four countries‐‐‐England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland‐‐‐which have widely differing cultures and languages.Wales was the first country to fall under English control, in the late 16th‐century. The Welsh were never actually defeated by the English. Instead, they realized that unity with their bigger neighbor was the only way to end the almost continuous state of war that existed between the two countries. Since unity, England and Wales have had the same systems of law, education and government.The situation between Scotland and England was very different. They fought fierce wars for centuries, each invading each other, whenever the situation seemed in their favour. This came to an end in the 17th‐century when King James VI of Scotland inherited the throne (王位)of England, after Queen Elizabeth I died without children. In 1707, Scotland and England were brought together in an Act of Union. This took away much of the Scots’ control of their own affairs, but they kept their own systems of law and education.For the three countries, union resulted in peace. But England’s occupation of Ireland has always been characterized by violence. Ireland was slowly brought under English control in the 16th‐ and 17th‐centuries. But it retained its own government until 1801, when it was brought together with the Parliament at Westminster.However, most of its people spoke Gaelic rather than English and they remained faithful Catholics, while the established religion in England was Protestantism. By 1920, Britain was under pressure to leave Ireland by 1920. In 1920, an agreement was signed whereby a separate Irish Free State (today called the Irish Republic) was created. This did not, however, include the six countries of Northern Ireland, which remain part of the “united Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland”.1. The main topic of this passage is about ________.A. the different cultures and languages in UKB. how the four countries fought with each otherC. how the UK came aboutD. the history of the UNK2. Which of the following is NOT part of UK?A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. Wales and Northern IrelandD. The Irish Republic3. Who kept their own systems of law and education in spite of losing much of the control of their own affairs?A. The EnglishB. The ScotsC. The WelshD. The Irish4. It can be inferred from paragraph 4 that _______A. it is easy for England to occupy IrelandB. it is extremely difficult for England to occupy IrelandC. it is easy for England to occupy ScotlandD. it is especially difficult for England and Wales to be united5. Which of the following statements in NOT true?A. The Welsh, compared with other people in the UK, love peace most.B. Scotland and England fought fierce wars for centuries.C. Ireland kept their own government until 1801.D. England has completely occupied Ireland up till now.Passage 2The Internet can make the news more democratic, giving the public a chance to ask questions and seek out facts behind stories and candidates, according to the head of the largest US on‐line service.“But the greatest potential for public participation is still in the future,” Steven Case, chairman of America On‐line, told a recent meeting on Journalism and the Internet sponsored by The Freedom Forum, though other speakers say the new technology of computers is changing the face of journalism, giving reporters access to more information and their readers a chance to ask questions and turn to different sources.“You don’t have to buy a newspaper and be confined to the four corners of that paper anymore,” Sam Meddis, on‐line technology editor at USA Today, observed about the variety of information available to computer users.But the speakers noted the easy access to the Internet also means anyone can post information for others to see. “Anyone can say anything they want, whether it’s right or wrong,”said Case. Readers have to determine for themselves who to trust. “In a world of almost infinite voices, respected journalists and respected brand names will probably become more important, not less,” Case said.The Internet today is about where radio was 80 years ago, or television 50 years ago or cable 25 years ago, he said. But it is growing rapidly because it provides people fast access to news and a chance to comment on it.He forecast increased political participation on‐line in this year and in 2000 with politicians able to answer directly to the public‐‐‐an opportunity to increase voter turnout and for politicians to raise funds from the public.6. The main topic of this passage is ________________.A. the development of journalismB. the rapid development of the InternetC. the effect the Internet has on journalismD. the advantages of the Internet7. It can be inferred from this passage that ______ may NOT be regarded as the advantages of the Internet?A. the news can be made more democraticB. the public can turn to different sourcesC. the public can get a chance to ask questionsD. anything can be posted on the Internet for others to see.8. The correct order for the appearance of the four technologies is ______.A. Internet‐cable‐television‐radioB. radio‐television‐cable‐InternetC. radio‐cable‐television‐InternetD. Television‐radio‐cable‐Internet9. Which of the following statements is true?A. Only respected journalists can post information on the Internet for others tosee.B. Respected journalists will probably become more important than before.C. Everyone is using the Internet now.D. The greatest potential of public participation of the Internet’s is in the nearfuture.10. On the whole, the attitude Steven Case holds for the Internet’s futuredevelopment is _______.A. pessimisticB. optimisticC. doubtfulD. unknownPassage 3Planet Earth was stricken by floods, drought and fire in 1997, a year which ended with the world’s major polluters quarreling about ways to prevent further environmental disaster.The 160 nations attending a UN conference on global warming, billed as one of the most vital ever held, finally reached a consensus on cutting greenhouse gas emissions through the next decade.The climate was dominated in the latter part of the year by El Nino, a swelling of warmerwater off the South American coast which affects global weather patterns. “I think for sure the most dramatic thing has been the El Nino phenomenon that has been experienced throughout the tropics,” said Jeffery Sayer, director‐general of the International Centre for Forestry Research. El Nino is being blamed for widespread floods and drought in the tropics, and has affected other areas as well.El Nino, called by Peruvian fisherman after the Christ Child because of its appearance around Christmas, is being blamed for widespread floods and drought in the tropics, and has affected other areas as well.A major demonstration of the phenomenon was drought‐intensified bush fires in Indonesia that spread a smog across large areas of Southeast Asia before badly‐delayed rains started to fall in late November. Floods swept arid Somalia in East Africa, while the rain forests of Indonesia’s Irian Jaya dried out and hundreds of tribes people died from starvation and disease. Apart from El Nino, eastern and central Europe suffered the worst floods in living memory in early July, with over 100 people killed and many thousands of families displaced through the region and eastern Germany.In the ancient Japanese capital of Kyoto, a UN gathering of 159 countries on global warming finally agreed on cutting greenhouse gas emissions through the next decade after 11 days of confused and uncontrolled negotiations. The conference accepted scientific evidence that heating of the Earth’s surface by gases trapped in the atmosphere causes more and fiercer storms, expanding deserts, melting polar ice and raising sea levels which threaten to flood low‐lying islands.US Vice President Al Gore called the Kyoto agreement “a vital turning point,” but added that more still needed to be done.11. This passage mainly talks about _______.A. global weather patternsB. environmental disasters on earthC. the El Nino phenomenonD. a gathering on global warming12. The word “polluter” (Par. 1) probably refers to those ______ which have polluted the environment.A. planetsB. countriesC. companiesD. people13. In July, 1997, many families in eastern and central Europe were displaced because ________.A. there was a war in that regionB. rains were badly delayed thereC. they suffered the worst bush fires in living memoryD. they suffered the worst floods in living memory14. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as the El Nino phenomenon?A. FloodB. DesertC. FireD. Earthquake15. According to this passage, El Nino is mainly caused by _______.A. the cutting down of treesB. the gas emissionsC. the melting of polar iceD. the swelling of warmer waterV. Translation (10 points)Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese.Please write your version in the corresponding space on your Answer Sheet.It has become increasingly clear that the United States must find methods to control inflation, probably the single problem that most worries the average American. President Jimmy Carter noted that inflation is the cruelest tax that anyone can pay. Many people agree with that sentiment, arguing that the persistent decline in the dollar’s purchasing power hurts people directly because products cost more, and also causes a kind of psychological damage. Recent polls have shown that the average American, far from being optimistic, expects prices to rise to ever higher rates. In the short run this has caused consumers to maintain their levels of spending with the conviction that it is better to buy this year rather than next. But the question is: how long can this go on?V. Writing (15 points)Directions: For this part, you are asked to write a composition entitled “Advertising”. You should write at least 120 words and base your composition on the outline below:1. 广告的作用2. 广告可能造成的损害3．如何对待广告。

目　录2010年南京大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2011年南京大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2012年南京大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2013年南京大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2014年南京大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2010年南京大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解Part O e: Proof ReadingThe following sentences contain some errors. Copy and edit them on your answer sheet. (1.5×10) 1．An important information I got from her is our teacher’s new marriage.2．She had a lot of difficulty with the long vowel /ei/, so I taught her how to pronounce.3．The tutor asked the pupils: “How to write an essay on your mother?”4．The volleyball players of our department went through very tough training for a whole semester and finally win the championship of the university.5．I felt frustrated and wondered why my English wasn’t improved even after having watched many movies and read many books.6．The news of the H1N1 flu worried the headmaster, but another news was upbeat: so far, everyone in his school was healthy.7．All of us in the class would like to become a teacher in the future.8．In high school, we had to take many classes, Chinese, English, physics, chemistry, mathematics and history and so on.9．The students found it dissatisfied that their hard work was not rewarded or recognized. 10．The university attaches great importance to teacher’s research and publications.【答案与解析】1．An: The（information为不可数名词，因此将An改为The。

南京航空航天大学翻译硕士英语学位MTI考试真题2013年(总分：150.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、Part Ⅰ(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.malware（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：恶意软件2.code of conduct（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：行为准则3.inflation（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：通货膨胀4.search engine（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：搜索引擎5.square brackets（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：方括号6.3G mobile（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：3G手机7.MOU（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：谅解备忘录(memorandum of understanding)8.Chairman of the Board（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：董事会主席9.tele-conference（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：电话会议10.correspondence university（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：函授大学11.vicious circle（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：恶性循环12.aircraft carrier（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：航空母舰13.entrepreneur（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：企业家14.financial crisis（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：金融危机15.intellectual property（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：知识产权二、Part Ⅱ(总题数：15，分数：15.00)16.波音（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：Boeing17.硅谷（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：Silicon Valley18.教育机构（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：education institution19.科学态度（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：scientific attitude20.市场营销（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：marketing21.高能物理（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：high-energy physics22.临界温度（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：critical temperature23.控制系统（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：control system24.经济发展（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：economic development25.希望工程（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：Project Hope26.电流（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：electric current27.技术革新（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：technical innovation28.太阳能（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：solar energy29.太空站（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：space station30.数字电视（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：digital television三、Part Ⅲ(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：30.00)31.The American mathematician Norbert Wiener first gave common use to the word "cybernetics" (from the Greek word for "steersman", "kubernetes" ), to describe that branch of study which is concemed with self-regulating systems of communication and control in living organisms and machines. The derivation seems apt, since the primary function of many cybernetic systems is to steer an optimum course through changing conditions towards a predetermined goal.We know from long experience that stable objects are those with broad bases and with most of theirmass centred low, yet we seldom marvel at our own remarkable ability to stand up right, supported only by our jointed legs and narrow feet. To stay erect even when pushed, or when the surface beneath us moves, as on a ship or a bus; to be able to walk or run over rough ground without falling; to keep cool when it is hot or vice versa, are examples of cybernetic processes and of properties exclusive to living things and to highly automated machines.（分数：30.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：()解析：美国数学家诺伯特·维纳是第一个将“控制论”(“cybernetics”一词来源于希腊文“kubernetes”，表示“掌舵人”)一词变为用来描述有关生物体和机器通信与控制自我调节系统研究方面常用词的人。

2013 年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语一真题及答案 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)矚慫润厲钐瘗睞枥。

People are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions. At first glance this might seem like a strength that make judgments which are unbiased by speculated that an inability to consider the big 3 5 of appearing too soft 6 2 1 the ability to factors. But Dr. Uri Simonsohn was leading decision-makers to be biased 4 , he theorized that a judge 7by the daily samples of information they were working withcrime might be more likely to send someone to prisonhe had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to forced community service on that day.聞創沟燴鐺險爱氇。

To 8 this idea, he turned to the university-admissions process. In theory, the 10 12 11 . 14 numerous 9 ofan applicant should not depend on the few others He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews interviewers had 13 factors into consideration. The scores were 16 15randomly for interview during the by 31 admissions officers. Thesame day, but Dr. Simonsohn suspected the truth wasapplicants on a scale of one to five. This scaleused in conjunction with an applicant’sscore on the Graduate Management Admission Test, or GMAT, a standardized exam which is out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her.残骛楼諍锩瀨濟溆。

精都教育——全国100000考生的选择我们的梦想，为成就更多人的梦想南京航空航天大学研究生入学考试试题原版考研真题试卷更多考研真题、笔记、模拟、题库、讲义资料就上精都考研网/南京航空航天大学2018年考研专业课真题试卷（原版）南京航空航天大学2018年硕士研究生入学考试初试试题（A卷）科目代码:357满分:150 分科目名称:英语翻译基础注意:①认真阅读答题纸上的注意事项；②所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在本试题纸或草稿纸上均无效；③本试题纸须随答题纸一起装入试题袋中交回！Part I. Translate the following terms, acronyms and proper names from English into Chinese. One point for each and the total for this part is 15 points. (1’ ×15 =15’)1. accident rate2. community of shared interests3. online car-hailing4. Asia Infrastructure Investment Bank5. takeoff runway6. Global Navigation Satellite System7. Remote Sensing Satellite 8. spacesuit9. lunar module 10. multi-entry visa11. simulated flight test 12. space debris13. unmanned spacecraft 14. two-dimensional barcode15. cosmic velocityPart II. Translate the following terms, acronyms and proper names from Chinese into English. One point for each and the total for this part is 15 points. (1’ ×15 =15’)1. 航站楼2. 新常态3. 自贸区4. 供给侧改革5. 人工智能6. 低碳城市7. 量子卫星8. 精准扶贫9. 实名认证10.“丝绸之路经济带”11. 免税店12. 无现金支付13. 带薪休假14. 航天飞机15. 雷达识别Part III. Translate the following passages from English into Chinese. Each passage accounts for 30 points and the total for this part is 60 p oints (30’ ×2 = 60’).Passage 1Sometimes you’d rather not know the bad news. An estimated 500,000 pieces of space junk—old satellites, rocket parts, debris from collisions—swarm in orbit around Earth. Much of it is potentially deadly: NASA officials say anything larger than 1 centimeter in diameter poses a threat to the International Space Station (ISS). But current tracking systems can generally only watch objects 10 cm or larger, and the U.S. government now follows less than 5% of space hazards— just 23,000 objects. That should change with the addition of a powerful new Air Force radar system, scheduled to break ground this month on Kwajalein Atoll in the Marshall Islands.科目代码：357科目名称：英语翻译基础第1页共2页。

南京航空航天大学2013年硕士研究生入学考试初试试题 A卷 科目代码: 357满分: 150 分科目名称: 英语翻译基础注意: ①认真阅读答题纸上的注意事项；②所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在本试题纸或草稿纸上均无效；③本试题纸须随答题纸一起装入试题袋中交回！Part I. Translate the following terms, acronyms and proper names from English into Chinese. One point for each and the total for this part is 15 points. (1’ X 15 =15’)1. malware2. code of conduct3. inflation4. search engine5. square brackets6. 3G mobile7. MOU 8. Chairman of the Board9. teleconference 10. correspondence university11. vicious circle 12. aircraft carrier13. entrepreneur 14. financial crisis15. intellectual propertyPart II. Translate the following terms, acronyms and proper names from Chinese into English. One point for each and the total for this part is 15 points. (1’ X 15 =15’)1. 波音2. 硅谷3. 教育机构4. 科学态度5. 市场营销6. 高能物理7. 临界温度 8. 控制系统9. 经济发展 10. 希望工程11. 电流 12. 技术革新13. 太阳能 14. 太空站15. 数字电视Part III. Translate the following passages from English into Chinese. Each passage accounts for 30 points and the total for this part is 60 points (30’ X 2 = 60’).Passage 1The American mathematician Norbert Wiener first gave common use to the word ‘cybernetics’ (from the Greek word for ‘steersman’, ‘kubernetes’), to describe that branch of study which is concerned with self‐regulating systems of communication and control in living organisms and machines. The derivation seems apt, since the primary function of many cybernetic systems is to steer an optimum course through changing conditions towards a predetermined goal.We know from long experience that stable objects are those with broad bases and with most of their mass centred low, yet we seldom marvel at our own remarkable ability to stand upright, supported only by our jointed legs and narrow feet. To stay erect even when pushed, or when the surface beneath us moves, as on a ship or a bus; to be able to walk or run over rough ground without falling; to keep cool when it is hot or vice versa, are examples of cybernetic processes and of properties exclusive to living things and to highly automated machines.Passage 2A young man sees a sunset and, unable to understand or to express the emotion that it rouses in him, concludes that it must be the gateway to a world that lies beyond. It is difficult for any of us in the moments of intense aesthetic experience to resist the suggestion that we are catching a glimpse of a light that shines down to us from a different realm of existence, different and, because the experience is intensely moving, in some way higher. And, though the gleams blind and dazzle, yet do they convey a hint of beauty and serenity greater than we have known or imagined？Greater too than we can describe; for language, which was invented to convey the meanings of this world, cannot readily be fitted to the uses of another.Part IV. Translate the following passages from Chinese into English. Each passage accounts for 30 points and the total for this part is 60 points (30’ X 2 = 60’).Passage 1大型飞机重大专项已经立项了，中国人要用自己的双手和智慧制造有国际竞争力的大飞机。

南京航空航天大学2015年硕士研究生入学考试初试试题 A卷 科目代码:211满分:100 分科目名称:翻译硕士英语注意: ①认真阅读答题纸上的注意事项；②所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在本试题纸或草稿纸上均无效；③本试题纸须随答题纸一起装入试题袋中交回！I. Vocabulary and Structure (10 points)Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A., B., C. and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then write down your answer on the Answer Sheet.1. So nervous _____ that he didn’t know how to explain.A. since he becameB. would he becomeC. that he becameD. did he become2. Had I received one more vote in the last election, I ______ the chairman now.A. might have beenB. would have beenC. wereD. would be3. Snow aids farmers by keeping heat in the lower ground levels, thereby ______ from freezing.A. to save the seedsB. which saves the seedsC. saving the seedsD. the seeds saved4. Kate was watching a movie, completely _____ to the outside world.A. being lostB. having lostC. losingD. lost5. Human behavior is mostly a product of learning, _____ the behavior of an animal depends mainly oninstinct.A. whileB. whenC. asD. for6.There is a real possibility that these animals could be frightened, _____ a sudden loud noise.A. being thereB. there wasC. there having beenD. should there be7.______ the English examination, I would have gone to the concert last Sunday.A. In spite ofB. Bur forC. As forD. Because of8._____ a rainy day, I decided to stay at home.A. It beingB. WhatC. BeingD. Such9.She never laughed, _____ lose her temper.A. or she ever didB. nor did she everC. or did she everD. nor she ever didnguage belongs to each one of us, to the flower-seller ____ to professor.A. as much asB. as fat asC. the same asD. as long as11.The policeman accidentally discovered the _____ of the stolen money.A. locationB. siteC. spotD. position12. The funeral will be ____, and only members of the dead man’s family will attend.A. aloneB. personalC. peculiarD. private13. _____ any remarriage this money would pass to your late husband’s younger brother.A. On account ofB. In accordance withC. With reference ofD. In the event of14. Several members of the committee, unwilling to take sides, _____ from voting.A. abstainedB. declinedC. dodgedD. eluded15. No one is ____ to serve on the committee until he has been a member of the club for two years.A. applicableB. congenialC. eligibleD. convenient16. There have been so many ____ statements about the invention that it is difficult to know where the truth lies.A. conflictingB. distinguishedC. reactionaryD. reverse17. The judge recommended more humane forms of punishment for juvenile _____.A. convictsB. delinquentsC. outlawsD. villains18. It is delightful island, above all because it is still ____, in spite of the growth of tourism.A. humbleB. primitiveC. ruralD. unspoiled19. His plan sounds_____, so you’d better carry it out.A. feasibleB. feebleC. favorableD. edible20. Her life was devoted to _____ the sick and needy.A. caring ofB. caring withC. caring aboutD. caring forII. Cloze (20 points)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then write down your answer on the Answer Sheet.Movie makers feared for a while that they might be put out of business by television. Recently, ___21___, more and more people have been going to the movies. This ___22___ be partly because the economic situation in America has become ___23___. In the movies, you forget your troubles as you get ___24___ in the story on the screen. Also, directors have been producing pictures that ___25___ numbers of people want to see. Americans ___26___ the millions are returning to a love ___27___ with the movies. Motion picture ___28___ experts see two main ___29___ for this: an increased need by Americans to ___30___ from economic worries and a large number of new movies with broad audience ___31___. Movies makers admit that their ___32___ popularity is ___33___ the result of poor ___34___ conditions, which traditionally bring an increase in theater ___35___. “When people are fearful ___36___ the future, they look for escape,” ___37___Jack Valenti, president of the Motion Picture Association of America. “In a ___38___ theater, with a 65-foot screen, you lose ___39___ for two and a half hours. People find this ___40___.21. A especially B. further C. however D. moreover22. A. might B. could C. should D. may23. A. better B. worse C. best D. improved24. A. connected B. encouraged C. involved D. shocked25. A. large B. small C. few D. little26. A. of B. in C. for D. with27. A. event B. occurrence C. accident D. affair28. A. industry B. deal C. manufacture D. contract29. A. excuses B. factors C. reasons D. proofs30. A. hide B. separate C. break D. escape31. A. appeal B. interest C. consideration D. concern32. A. raising B. falling C. rising D. losing33. A. by no means B. partly C. insufficiently D. completely34. A. cultural B. industrial C. commercial D. economic35. A. attendance B. buildings C. performances D. programs36. A. to B. about C. with D. at37. A. claims B. comments C. commends D. complains38. A. shaded B. darkening C. colorful D. lighted39. A. reason B. worry C. taste D. yourself40. A. beneficial B. harmful C. unhealthy D. humorousIII. Reading Comprehension (30 points)Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A., B., C. and D. You should decide on the best choice and write down your answer on the Answer Sheet.Passage 1A growing world’s population and the discoveries of science may alter this pattern of distribution in the future. As men slowly learn to master disease, control floods, prevent famines and stop wars, fewer people die every year; and in consequence the population of the world is steadily increasing. In 1925 there were about 2000 million people in the world; by the end of the century there may well be over 4000 million.When numbers rise, the extra mouths must be fed. New lands must be brought under cultivation, or land already farmed made to yield larger crops. In some areas the accessible land is largely so intensively cultivated that it will be difficult to make it provide more food. In some areas the population is so dense that the land is parceled out in units too tiny to allow for much improvement in farming methods. Were a large part of this farming population drawn off into industrial occupation, the land might be farmed much more productively by modern methods.There is now a race for science, technology, and industry to keep the output of food rising faster than the number of people to be fed. New strains of crops are being developed which will thrive in unfavorable climates; there are now farms beyond the Arctic Circle in Siberia and North America; irrigation and dry-farming methods bring arid lands under the plough, dams hold back the waters of great rivers to ensure water for the fields in all seasons and to provide electric power for new industries; industrial chemistry provides fertilizers to suit particular soils; airplanes spray crops to destroy locusts and many plant diseases. Every year some new means is devised to increase or to protect the food of the world.41. The author says that the world’s population is growing because ___________A.there are many rich valleys and fertile plainsB.the pattern of distribution is being alteredC.people are living longerD.new land is being brought under cultivation42.We are told that there are now farms beyond the Arctic Circle. This has been made possible by ______.A.producing new strains of cropsB.irrigation and dry-farming methodsC.providing fertilizersD.destroying pests and diseases43.If a large part of faming population are employed in industry, the land may be cultivated_____.A. by modern methodsB. worseC. by old methodsD. better44.Which of these words is nearest in meaning to the word “strain”?A. typesB. sizesC. seedsD. harvests45.This passage focuses on ______.A. populationB. food productionC. control of diseaseD. development of science and technologyPassage 2A British sociologist has advanced the theory that many working-class children are unsuccessful at school because of the nature of their language. They use what he terms a “restricted” code of speech, whereas most teachers use an “elaborated” code, which is familiar to middle-class children.Working-class language is a language of personal experience and direct command rather than of rationalization and distinction between subtleties. In school, however, the latter abilities are demanded of children. Middle-class children, who have been brought up in such a way as to enable them to respond to argument and reasoning, are able to cope with the classroom situation much better than their working-class contemporaries, who are frequently at a loss to understand the implication of what their teacher is saying.So it seems that working-class children fail to take full advantage of the educational system, not because they are less bright than middle-class children, but because the language of the classroom is alien to them.46. What do you know from the first paragraph?A. Working-class children do less well at school in comparison with the middle-class children.B. Middle-class children do as well as working-class children at schoolC. School teachers and middle-class children bear less similarity in language.D. School teachers and working-class children bear more similarities in language.47. Middle-school children do better at school because _______.A. they have learned much more than working-class children before they go to schoolB. they are brighter than working-class childrenC. school teachers give them more helpD. they can understand their teachers better than the working-class children in class48. The word “alien” in the last paragraph means ________.A. difficult to understandB. strangeC. newD. stupid49. The gap between working-class children and their teachers can be narrowed only by _____.A. giving them more helpB. giving them more time to review their lessonsC. improving their languageD. giving them more homework to do50.The author’s main purpose in writing this article is to ______.A. argue a beliefB. describe a phenomenonC. be entertainingD. propose a solutionPassage 3Every year thousands of people are arrested and taken to court for shop-lifting. In Britain alone, about HK $ 3 000 000’s worth of goods are stolen from shops every week. This amounts to something like HK $ 150 million a year, and represents about 4 per cent of the shops’ total stock. As a result of this “shrinkage” as the shops call it, the honest public has to pay higher prices.Shoplifters can be divided into three main categories: the professionals, the deliberate amateur, and the people who just can’t help themselves. The professionals do not pose much of a problem for the store detectives, who, assisted by closed circuit television, two-way mirrors and various other technological devices, can usually cope with them. The professionals tend to go for high value goods in parts of the shops where security measures are tightest. And, in any case, they account for only a small percentage of the total losses due to shoplifting.The same applies to the deliberate amateur who is, so to speak, a professional in training. Most of them get caught sooner or later, and they are dealt with severely by the courts.The real problem is the person who gives way to a sudden temptation and is in all other respects an honest and law-abiding citizen. Contrary to what one would expect, this kind of shoplifter is rarely poor. He does not steal because he needs the goods and cannot afford to pay for them. He steals because he simply cannot stop himself. And there are countless others who, because of age, sickness or plain absent-mindedness, simply forget to pay for what they take from the shops. When caught, all are liable to prosecution, and the decision whether to send for the police or not is in the hands of the store manager.In order to prevent the quite incredible growth in shop-lifting offences, some stores, in fact, are doing their best to separate the thieves from the confused by prohibiting customers from taking bags into the store. However, what is most worrying about the whole problem is, perhaps, that it is yet another instance of the innocent majority being penalized and inconvenienced because of the actions of a small minority. It is the aircraft hijack situation in another form. Because of the possibility of one passenger in a million boarding an aircraft with a weapon, the other 999 999 passengers must subject themselves to searches and delays. Unless the situation in the shops improves, in ten years’ time we may all have to subject ourselves to a body-search every time we go into a store to buy a tin of beans!51.Why does the honest public have to pay higher prices when they go to the shops?A. There is “shrinkage” in market values.B. Many goods are not available.C. Goods in many shops lack variety.D. There are many cases of shoplifting.52. The third group of people steal things because they _____A. are mentally illB. are quite absent-mindedC. can not resist the temptationD. can not afford to pay for goods53. According to the passage, law-abiding citizens _______.A. can possibly steal things because of their povertyB. can possibly take away good without payingC. have never stolen goods from the supermarketsD. are difficult to be caught when they steal things54. Which of the following statements is NOT true about the main types of shop-lifting?A. A big percentage of the total losses are caused by the professionals.B. The deliberate amateurs will be punished severely if they get caught.C. People would expect that those who can’t help themselves are poor.D. The professionals don’t cause a lot of trouble to the store detectives.55.The aircraft hijack situation is used in order to show that _____.A. “ the professionals do not pose much of a problem for the stores”B. some people “simply forget to pay for what they take from the shops”C. “the honest public has to pay higher prices”D. the third type of shoplifters are dangerous peoplePassage 4Recent findings in the southeast corner of Washington indicate that prehistoric hunters roamed the area 10 000 years ago, and perhaps even earlier. Remains of Marmes Man uncovered at the site, among the oldest ever found on the North American continent, consist of three separate, broken skullcaps and other skeletal material from more than one individual. The site itself, a cave located above the convergence of the Snake and Palouse Rivers, records the longest span of human existence found in the New World, and hints that man has lived in North America for close to 13 000 years.Although radiocarbon dating places samples unearthed near Lewisville, Texas, as early as 38 000 years ago, some archeologists contend that accidental fires rather than human hearths produced the charcoal. Pieces of stone that may have been fashioned for choppers and scrapers have also been found at Lewisville and other extremely ancient sites, but these, too, are disputed.First discovered in 1965 by an expedition from Washington State University, the Marmes site has a unique and continuous sequence of man-made artifacts, fossil animal bones and geological strata, as well as human skeletal remains. Among the artifacts is an extremely line bone needle, probably used to sew waterproof average diameter of 1/3232 of an inch, which is “probably the oldest artifact of its kind ever found in the United States.” As a feat of engineering, it has been compared to the wheel. Unfortunately, further exploration of the site has been stopped by dam construction which flooded the area near Snake River recently.56. Probable remains of Marmes Man were uncovered ________.A. near Lewisville, TexasB. in Washington State UniversityC. in a caveD. underneath a river57. According to the passage, how many years has man lived in North America?A. 10 000—13 000B. 12 000--- 13 000C. 19 000---25 000D. 30 00058. All of the following were found at the site in Washington EXCEPT______A. broken skullcapsB. fossil animal bonesC. a bone needleD. a primitive wheel59. The passage implies that ancient man probably knew ________A. how to build a wheelB. how to sewC. how to readD. none of the above60.The article indicates that ______A. the Snake River area has a great deal of rainB. the expedition took place at Washington State UniversityC. the archeologists used needles as toolsD. radiocarbon is used to determine the age of plant or animal originIV. Translation (30 points)Directions: Translate the following passages. Please write your version in the corresponding space on your Answer Sheet.1. Universities are holding special seminars at which professors and students discuss the problem. At least one school, the University of Illinois, issues a pamphlet for its faculty that describes some of the more ingenious methods students may use to cheat and ways to stop them. Several others are tightening their computer security, after having discovered that computer hackers were breaking into electronic college files in order to alter their grades.2. Of course, today scientists, engineers and a few million computer hobbyists know the power of computer networking, and they take the convenience of networking for granted. But imagine that the network could transmit not just text video and voice. It is easy to imagine uses for such a system because prototypes are already available. But the prototypes are limited because they link only a few computers.3.博物馆变了。