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新高三英语提分培优通关练（高考真题+名校模拟）第02辑（一轮语法专辑）专题01 定语从句（高考真题+名校模拟+写作升格）解析版目录高考真题专区1名校模拟专区5写作升格专区11高考真题专区：练真题，明方向；练技巧，提能力；练速度，提分数！1.（2024新课标I卷）The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route 64 brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England.1. which/that考查定语从句。
句意：Mark Woodruff补充说：“这是当代设计的最高成就，在丝绸之路的尽头，中国亚热带西南部的植物群从温带的欧洲穿过山脉、干旱的土地和高山牧场，这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英国，定义了英国园艺的丰富和荣耀。
”空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词design，先行词指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，用关系代词which或that引导从句。
故填which/that。
2.（2024全国甲卷）Yellowstone was the largest United States national park -2.2 million acres -until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, 70 became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres.2. which考查定语从句。
定语从句一、用单词的适当形式完成句子1．The film brought the hours back to me ___________I was taken good care of in that small village. (用适当的词填空)2．There are a wide variety of activities at the festival, most of _________ are popular among young people. (用适当的词填空)3．Steven is a designer ________ works have won international praise. (用适当的词填空) 4．John has been unwell, and this may be the reason ________ he lost the match. (用适当的词填空)5．We all know that there are various types of pollution around us, ________ may cause different kinds of environmental problems. （用适当的词填空）6．Tu Youyou is the scientist ________ discovery has led to the development of new drugs which have saved millions of lives. （用适当的词填空）7．The advantage of studying at home is: I don't have to catch public transport to school, _______ reduces the risk of infection. (用适当的词填空)8．In our class there were 42 students, nearly 80% of ________ wear glasses. (用适当的词填空) 9．The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training center with her sister ________ she would stay for an hour.（用适当的词填空）10．He helped his team win the game________ was behind by 10 points. (用适当的词填空) 11．Paul was someone ________ worked really hard and had a strong desire to play for the team. （用适当的词填空）12．We are living in a time ________ many things are done on computer. （用适当的词填空）13．He finally got the chance to visit the village ________ he used to have great fun. （用适当的词填空）14．She has become a scientist ________ work is internationally renowned. （用适当的词填空）15．The reason ________ I want to go abroad for study is to broaden my horizon. (用适当的词填空)16．The teachers are waiting for the bus to the school ________ they give lessons as volunteers every Friday. （用适当的词填空）17．The art area contains different rooms, ________ are open to the public for various activities.(用适当的词填空)18．Marina is the kind of woman________ prefers a simple life. （用适当的词填空）19．Winter is the time of a year________the days are short and nights are long. (用适当的词填空) 20．She’s doing an important project ________ I know little. （用适当的词填空）21．Some pre-school children go to a daycare center, ________ they learn simple games and songs （用适当的词填空）22．Rose and Joan were praised for helping a man ________ car broke down on the road. （用适当的词填空）23．Do you know the reason ________she got so angry yesterday? （用适当的词填空）24．The weather turned out to be very good, ________ was more than we expected. （用适当的词填空）25．I’ll never forget the day________ I first met great inventor. （用适当的词填空）26．The talk was given by a man ________ has a background in medicine.（用适当的词填空）27．My daughter, ________ job requires her to do a lot of travelling, is always away from home.（用适当的词填空）28．The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage ________ we have almost no rights at all. （用适当的词填空）29．I can well remember that there was a time ________ a deep blue sky, the song of the birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound. （用适当的词填空）30．The girl ________ is playing tennis is my best friend.（用适当的词填空）31．I have many friends to ________ I am going to send postcards. （用适当的词填空）32．I still remember the days ________ I spent at the school. （用适当的词填空）33．The river ________ runs through the center of the city brings us lots of pleasure. （用适当的词填空）34．Molly is an impressive photographer, _________ pictures have appeared in many magazines. （用适当的词填空）35．Steven was late for class, ________ made his teacher angry.(用适当的词填空)36．I planned to write about Mr. Chaplin, ________ films are still very popular among a large audience. (用适当的词填空)37．I hope one day I could live in a country ________ the sun always shines. (用适当的词填空)38．The problems, ________ we have in our daily life, may be inspirations for great inventions. (用适当的词填空)39．Some pre-school children go to a day care center, ________ they can learn simple games and songs. (用适当的词填空)40．Comedy, ________ styles are varied, is simply a funny way of being serious. (用适当的词填空)参考答案：1．when考查定语从句。
一、 定语从句概览二、 语法详解在复合句中作定语，修饰名词、代词或整个句子的从句叫做定语从句。
定语从句在句中的作用相当于形容词。
被修饰的局部叫先行词，连接先行词与从句的词叫做关系词。
（1） 限制性定语从句与非限制限制性定语从句的区别定语从句分类限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句关系词关系代词who ，whom,which, that, whose关系副词when, where, why介词+关系代词介词+which/whom1.He has two sons, who work in the same company.(He has only two sons.)2.He has tow sons who work in the same company.(Perhaps he has more thantwo sons.)3.He failed in the match, which was a great pity.(非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面整个句子) 〔=He failed in the match, and it was a great pity.〕(2)定语从句关系词的用法注意：1.作宾语时who和whom常可互换，但作宾语的关系代词前有介词时用whom。
●The old man with whom I often go to the park is my grandfather.2. “whose+名词〞可与“限定词+名词+of which/whom〞或“of which/whom +限定词+名词〞换用。
●The house whose windows(=the windows of which或of which the windows) facethe street is my uncle’s.●This is the scientist whose achievements are well known.=This is the scientist, the achievement of whom are well known.=This is the scientist, of whom the achievements are well known.例句：1.The boy who/that was in the office yesterday is my brother.2.I have many friends to whom I am going to send postcards.3.The work that/which has just been finished is very important.4.That’s the girl (whom/who/that) I teach.5.This is the student whose handwriting is the best in our school.6.I still remember the day whenI first came to this school.7.The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.8.I’d like to know the reason why you are so late.(3)关系代词与关系副词选用依据1. 在限制性定语从句中，用关系词that不用which的情况：1.I refuse to accept the blame for somehting ____ was someone else’s fault.2.Whenever I met her, _____ was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweetsmile.3.All the presents ______ your friends gace you on your birthday should beput away.4.This is the very book ____ I have been looking for.5.He was late for the opening ceremony, ____was very surprising to me.(5)as 与which的用法区别as(1)引导限制性定语从句，作关系代词，既可指人又可指物，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语。
高考英语一轮复习语法专题（二）定语从句------关系代词Attributive clauses一、什么是定语(attribute)？定义：定语是用来修饰名词或代词的句子成分。
He is an honest boy.We love our country.I know the girl in red.位置：单个的词作定语时，放在被修饰的名词前面；短语或从句作定语时，放在被修饰的词后面。
二、定语从句1.在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句（句意：“……的”）2.被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫做“ 先行词”3.引导定语从句的词叫“关系词”。
He is an Chinese teacherwho likes singing songs.该句中，teacher 是先行词，who是关系代词，who likes singing songs 叫做定语从句三、定语从句的位置定语从句通常放在被修饰词之后。
四、定语从句中的关系词关系代词：who、whom、whose、which、that关系副词：where﹑when﹑why关系代词（who, whom, which, that, whose）的指代关系关系代词的三个作用:1. 引导定语从句。
2. 代替先行词。
3. 在定语从句中担当一个成分。
关系词：指人：who、that、whom 、whose指物：which、that、whose例：1.The girl is from America.I called her just now.我刚才叫的那个女孩来自美国。
→The girl (whom/that/whoI called just now ) is from America. whom/that/who代替the girl，作定语从句中的宾语2. They’re talking about the film.I have seen the film.他们正在讨论我看过的那部电影。
高考英语一轮总复习考点突破：考点三“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句一、“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句的用法“介词＋关系代词”既能引导限制性定语从句，又能引导非限制性定语从句。
先行词指物时，关系代词用which；先行词指人时，关系代词用whom；关系代词whose与所修饰的名词也可同时放在介词之后。
The USA is a large country in which many different dialects are spoken.美国是一个大国，有着许许多多不同的方言。
He is the person on whom you can depend.他是一个你可以信赖的人。
He was the man from whose room the thief had stolen his bag.他就是被小偷从房间里偷走包的那个人。
二、“介词＋关系代词”结构中介词的确定1．根据定语从句中动词、形容词所需要的某种习惯搭配来确定。
In the dark street, there wasn't a single person to whom she could turn for help.在黑暗的街道上，没有一个她可以求助的人。
(turn to sb for help)Physics is the subject in which every student in our school is interested.物理是我们学校每个学生都很感兴趣的课程。
(be interested in)2．根据与先行词搭配的具体含义而定。
I'll never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the country.我永远不会忘记我童年时在乡下度过的那段时光。
(during the time)3．根据所表达的意思来确定。
The colorless gas, without which we can't live, is called oxygen.这种无色的气体就是氧气，没有它我们无法生存。
定语从句关系副词/ 介词+关系代词/ 关系代词whose练习一．填上适当的关系副词when/where/why，并把它写用两个简单句，注意介词的选择。
1．It is a place _where_ an astronaut works and lives句1：It is a place .句2：An astronaut works and lives in the place.2．It was the day _______ I was sent into the sky句1：句2：3．Can you tell me the reason______________ you are taking pictures?句1：句2：4．Do you remember the day______ we left you in charge?句1：句2：5．I often think of the moment_________ I saw the UFO.句1：句2：6．The police searched the house______the thief had stayed.句1：句2：7．Is Shanghai the city ______he was born?句1：句2：8．I don’t know the reason_________the house is so dirty.句1：句2：9．The study is the place _________I often have talks with my father.句1：句2：二．填上适当的关系代词which/whom，然后介词还原至原来位置，并找出先行词写在横线上，再写成两个简单句，如。
例: ①This is the question about _which_ we've had so much discussion.还原：This is the question which we’ve had so much discussion about.先行词：the question句1：This is the question.句2：we’v e had so much discussion about the question.②He is the man about _________I told you yesterday.还原：先行词：句1：句2：③The woman to _________I spoke is a teacher.还原：先行词：句1：句2：④Is this the house in _________ he was born?还原：先行词：句1：句2：⑤The person to _________ you should write is Mr. Ball.还原：先行词：句1：句2：⑥The games in _________ he took part were swimming and shooting.还原：先行词：句1：句2：三．填上适当的介词。
1.Have you met the person _______whom he was speaking?2.He is the man _______whom you should give your thanks.3.The farm _______which we worked ten years ago isn’t what it used to be.4.This is the tree _______which we used to play games.5.His pen _____which he is writing now was bought yesterday.6.The gas _______which we can not live is called oxygen.7. The pencil ________ which he wrote was broken.8. He built a telescope ________ which he could study the skies.9. The woman, ________ whom I learned the news, is a nurse.10. The wolf ________ which the sheep was killed was shot.11. She has three children, all _______ whom are at school.12. There is a tall tree outside, ________ which stands our teacher.13. My glasses, _______ which I was like a blind man, fell to the ground and broke.14. In the dark street, there wasn’t a person ________ whom she could turn for help.15. I was surprised at the way ________ which he treated the old man.16. The age _______ which children can go to school is seven.17. His bike ________ which he went to work was stolen last night.18. Do you know the building ________ which is flying a red flag?19. Ours is a beautiful school, ________ which we are proud.20. The desk ________ which Jack is leaning is John’s.21. He bought a book yesterday, the author ________ which is a teacher.四．填上适当的介词+which/whom。
①. The book _____________ I heard was written twenty years ago.②. The people ____________ the man spoke weren’t listening.③. The film ____________ I fell asleep was very boring.④. The pen __________ she wrote that book can now be seen in a museum.⑤. The little creature ________ scientists are interested is known as ET.⑥ The gun __________ he was shot was never found.五．用关系词which/that, why, where, when或者介词+ which /whom.填空。
①. Hangzhou is the place ______________ I went last summer.②. He read the book __________ his sister had told him about.③. The reason _____________ Peter is so happy is that he passed the exam.④. I remember the day ________ my father died. I was only ten years old at that time.⑤. Please give me the reason ____________ you were late this time.⑥. I will go back to the place _________________ I grew up and live there forever. Whose：它既可以修饰指人的先行词，也可以修饰指物的先行词。
关系代词与其后的名词构成所有格，即：Whose+名词= the+ 名词+ of which/ whom= of which/whom the+ 名词把两个句子写成用含有关系代词whose 引导的定语从句，并再写出另外两种形式．例：Do you know anyone? / His family is in Xi’an.=Do you know anyone whose family is in Xi’an?=Do you know anyone of whom the family is in Xi’an?=Do you know anyone the family of whom is in Xi’an?1.The girl is my daughter. / Her work got the first prize.===2.===3.I live in the room. / The window of it is broken.= ==4.The chair has been repaired. / The leg of it was broken.===写出另外两种形式1.That is the house whose roof was blown off by the strong wind.==2. Do you know who is living in the house whose windows face south?==3. There are many people whose only on-line activity is sending and receiving e-mails. ==4. The year before last, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from whose effects the people are still suffering==5.Are you the man whose bicycle was stolen?==6.Just like a voyage at sea, our life journey, whose days are limited , is full of difficulties. ==7. His parents would not let him marry anyone whose family was poor==关系代词必须用that的例句：There is nothing that I can do.I have read all the books that you gave meThis is the best novel thatI have ever read.This is the very book that I want to find.They talked about the things and friends that they could remember.What did you hear that made you so angry?He is no longer the man that he used to be.There is a seat in the corner that is still free.Now you can see the two that are still alive.答案：一． 2.when 句1. It was the day. 句2. I was sent into the sky on the day.3.why 句1. Can you tell me the person? 句2. You are taking pictures for the reason.4.when 句1. Do you remember the day. 句2. We left in charge on the day.5.when 句1. I often think of the moment. 句2. I saw the UFO at that moment6.where 句1. The police searched the house. 句2. The thief had stayed in the house7.where 句1. Is Shanghai the city? 句2. He was born in the city.8.why 句1. I don’t know the reason. 句2. The house is so dirty for the reason.9.where 句1. The study is the place. 句2. I often have talks with my father in the place二.2. whom 3. whom 4. which 5.whom 6.which (其它略)三.1.to 2.to 3. on 4. under 5.with 6.without 7.with 8.through 9.from 10.by11.of 12.under 13.without 14.to 15.in 16.at 17.on/by 18.on 19.of20.against 21.of四.1.of/about which 2.to whom 3.during which 4.with which 5.in which 6.with which五.1.where/to which 2.that/which 3.why/for which 4.when/on which 5.why/for which 6.where/in which(关系代词Whose答案略)。
