西安交大翻译硕士真题

西安交通大学翻译硕士考研真题经验参考书目录第一章考前知识浏览1.1西安交通大学招生简章...................... 1.2西安交通大学专业目录........................1.3西安交通大学翻译硕士专业历年报录比....... 1.4西安交通大学翻译硕士初试科目解析......第二章翻译硕士专业就业前景解读2.1西安交通大学专业综合介绍................. 2.2西安交通大学专业就业解析................. 2.3西安交通大学各方向对比分析.......第三章西安交通大学翻译硕士专业内部信息传递3.1报考数据分析..............3.2复试信息分析..............3.3导师信息了解........第四章西安交通大学翻译硕士初试专业课考研知识点4.1参考书目分析..........4.2真题分析................4.3重点知识点汇总分析（大纲）....第五章西安交通大学翻译硕士初试复习计划分享5.1政治英语复习技巧5.2专业课复习全程详细攻略5.3时间管理策略及习题使用第六章西安交通大学翻译硕士复试6.1复试公共部分的注意事项6.2复试专业课部分的小Tips【学校简介】西安交通大学（Xi’an Jiaotong University）简称西安交大、西交大，位于古都西安，是中华人民共和国教育部直属、中央直管副部级建制的综合性研究型全国重点大学，由教育部与国家国防科技工业局共建，位列世界一流大学建设高校A类、国家“七五”“八五”重点建设高校、国家“211工程”首批重点建设的七所高校、“985工程”首批重点建设的九所高校，“珠峰计划”首批11所名校之一，“2011计划”牵头高校，首批学位授权自主审核单位，入选首批卓越工程师教育培养计划、111计划、国家建设高水平大学公派研究生项目、教育部来华留学示范基地、全国深化创新创业教育改革示范高校，九校联盟、中国大学校长联谊会、全球能源互联网大学联盟、中俄交通大学联盟、CDIO工程教育联盟成员，新丝绸之路大学联盟发起高校。

陕西西安交通大学研究生入学考试英语真题考试时间：2022年5月15日考试地点：陕西西安交通大学一、听力测试（共30分）本部分共分为三个小节，每个小节均包含一道长对话和两篇短文。

请听清题目后，从A、B、C三个选项中选择正确答案。

小节一：1. What does the woman want to do?A. Get a refund for the book.B. Buy another book.C. Borrow a book from the library.2. What does the man suggest the woman do?A. Take a taxi to the office.B. Drive to the office herself.C. Take a bus to the office.小节二：3. Why is the man disappointed?A. He didn't pass the exam.B. His presentation was not successful.C. The project deadline was postponed.4. What does the woman advise the man to do?A. Review the material again.B. Ask the professor for help.C. Attend more seminars.小节三：5. What does the man offer to do for the woman?A. Help her with her homework.B. Drive her to the airport.C. Accompany her to the concert.6. What does the woman think of the concert?A. She is excited about it.B. She heard it is not worth attending.C. She hasn't made up her mind yet.二、阅读理解（共40分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容从A、B、C三个选项中选择正确答案。

2003年西安交通大学工程硕士英语考试卷（A）Time Limit: 3 hoursPart I: Structure and VocabularyDirections: In this section there are 40 sentences. For each sentence there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer to each one.1. It was only when we could n‘t see that island that we realized we‘d been off______ days.[A] direction [B] option [C]route [D] course2. He ______ to the warm welcome given him by sending the general a silvertray.[A] responded [B] replied [C] answered [D] appealed3. I‘m sure that most athletes will ______ of the new rules on drug testing[A] agree [B] condemn [C] confuse [D] approve4. It has been so cold in the region that farming has been ______ most of thetime.[A] beside the question [B] beyond question[C] out of the question [D] in question5. Not ______ with having upset my parents with his rudeness, he then wentand insulted my sister![A] satisfactory [B] satisfying [C] content [D] convenient6. He was still a leading member of the local organization, and so he was much______.[A] looked down on [B] looked back on[C] looked forward to [D] looked up to7. Every 15 minutes, the sun delivers to the earth enough radiant energy to meetall o f man‘s power needs for a(n) ______ year.[A] full [B] lunar [C] solar [D] normal8. It is quite customary in the United States for students and others to ask foradvice about personal matters that in other ______ might be considered only ‗within the family.‘[A] circumstances [B] blocks[C] cultures [D] environments9. Every effort will be made to satisfy your requirements at the earliest date______.[A] practicable [B] practical [C] timely [D] likely10. ______ this large town was a small village.[A] Scarcely [B] Frequently [C] Formally [D] Formerly11. Sarah is very good-looking and I wouldn‘t mind going out with her if shedidn‘t ______ herself so much.[A] think[B] surprise [C] fancy [D] realize12. ______ it is a good thing I did not get the post I had applied for, though Imust admit that I was disappointed at the time.[A] By the way [B] In a way [C] In the way [D] On the way13. We don‘t know of course what the cost of living may be in five years‘ time,but ______ I can see, we‘ll be able to live comfortably enough on our pensions.[A] as far as [B] as a whole [C] on the whole [D] as long as14. Colour-blind people often find it difficult to ______ between blue and green.[A] separate [B] distinguish [C] compare [D] contrast15. These plastic flowers look so ______ that many people think they are real.[A] beautiful [B] comparable [C] natural [D] distinct16. A jet plane is an important means for transportation, which flies faster thansound. ______ it is used for rapid transportation.[A] Constantly [B] Considerably[C] Comparatively [D] Consequently17. Now that we have a higher family ______ we‘ll be able to move to a biggerhouse.[A] wage [B] income [C] earnings [D] salary18. It isn‘t quite ______ that the police will find the people responsible for theattack.[A] certain [B] right [C] sure [D] exact19. She‘s right, ______, because we did agree to wait, b ut only until June.[A] at a loss [B] for the better[C] once in a while [D] in a sense20. On the ______ of those facts, we can reach the following conclusion.[A] basis [B] principle [C] condition [D] theory21. The players are speaking and moving ______ the director‘s instructions.[A] by way of [B] in favor of [C] but for [D] according to22. She is ______ her knowledge of plants again.[A] showing off [B] coming off [C] showing up[D] coming up23. I wish I ______ longer this morning, but I had to get up and catch the earlytrain to London.[A] could sleep [B] could have slept[C] might sleep [D] might have slept24.He was accompanied by his faithful friend and secretary, Mr. William Minns,______.[A] he never traveled without him [B] without who he never traveled[C] without him he never traveled [D] without whom he never traveled25. Instead of being a useful member of the community ______ he used to be, heis now idling away his time gambling.[A] like [B] similar to [C] as [D] the same as26.Of course, she behaved awfully, but ______, she is your sister.[A] after all [B] above all [C] all in all [D] overall27.My room isn‘t big enough to acco mmodate so many people and your roomisn‘t ______.[A] also [B] either [C] too [D] neither28.I am busy at work now. I would rather you ______ this evening.[A] will come [B] are coming [C] come [D] came29.Although the town has been attacked by the storm several times, ______ wasdone.[A] a few damages [B] few damages[C] little damage [D] a little damage30.It‘s no good ______. You just have to put up with all these.[A] complained [B] complaining[C] to complain [D] to be complaining31.He suggested ______ a lecture given by Professor White on Englishlanguage learning.[A] my attending [B] me attending[C] my to attend [D] me to be attending32. In Great Britain, there are newspapers ______ pages are largely filled withnews of sports and stories of film stars.[A] which [B] that [C] what [D] whose33. The agent must have been annoyed, or he ______ his temper then.[A] wouldn‘t have lost[B] wouldn‘t lose[C] shouldn‘t have lost [D] shouldn‘t lose34. Professor Smith ______ about him and he pretended not to mind.[A] heard the students to talk[B] heard the students talking[C] heard the talk by the students[D] heard the students talked35. It is because he is t oo young ______ he doesn‘t understand it.[A] so [B] so that [C] now that [D] that36.I remember ______ to help us if we ever got into trouble.[A] once offering [B] her once to offer[C] her once offering [D] once to offer37F rank ly, I‘d rather you ______ anything about it for the time being.[A] didn‘t do [B] don‘t do [C] shouldn‘t do[D] wouldn‘t do38. He finds it difficult ______ himself to the climate here.[A] accustomed [B] to adapt [C] get used [D] applying39. Lily has done just as much ______.[A] like what she was told to [B] as she was told to[C] as to what she tried to do [D] like she was taught to40.It‘s no use ______ me not to worry.[A] you tell [B] your telling[C] for you to have told [D] having toldPart II: Reading ComprehensionDirections: In this part, you’ll read five passages. After each passage, there are four questions for you to answer, please mark your answers on youranswer sheet.Passage OneSome students at the Open University left school 20 years ago. Others are younger but all must be at least 21 years old. This is one example of how the Open University is different from all other universities. Its students must either work full-time or be at home all day. For instance, mothers of families do not have to pass any examinations before they are accepted as students. This is why the university is called ‗open‘. The university was started in order to help a known group—people who missed a university education when they were young.The first name for the Open University was ‗The University of the Air‘. The idea was to teach ‗on the air‘, in other words on radio and television. Most of the teaching is done like this. Radio and television have brought the classroom into people‘s h omes. But this, on its own, is not enough for a university education.The Open University student also receives advice at one of 283 study centres in the country, 36 weeks of the year he or she has to send written work to a ‗tutor‘, the person who guides his or her studies. The student must also spend 3 weeks every summer as a full-time student. The tutor and students meet and study together, as in other universities. At the end of the Open University‘s first year, the results were good, 3 out of every 4 students passed their examinations. If they do this every year, they will finish their studies 4 or 5 years.41. The purpose of the Open University is to ________.[A] help the young to go to school[B] help those who missed the chance to study when they were young[C] help those who want to study[D] help those who do housework42. The students of the Open University have their education ________.[A] through many kinds of examinations[B] with their written work only[C] both at home and at some study centres[D] with the help of their family friends43. The word ―tutor‖ in the second paragraph means ―________‖.[A] the person who inspects the students‘ studies[B] the person who is in charge of the various kinds of exams[C] the person who is to help the students to get through the exam[D] the person who checks the students‘ work at home44. Which of the following is implied but not stated?[A] The Open University has become popular all over the world.[B] Every country needs such a university.[C] Everyone wants to go to such a university.[D] The Open University really benefits a lot those who once lost the chanceto have university education.Passage TwoFrom the beginning rivers have played an important part in the life of man. Primitive man used rivers as a means of travel.In ancient times, man settled near rivers or on river banks and built up large empires and civilizations. Rome today still stands on both sides of the Tiber. The Menam runs through modern Bangkok, still serving as a great waterway for the transport of goods and people.Water is Nature‘s most precious gift to man. Man needs water to irrigate hiscrops, to cook and to wash. In nations far and wide rivers mean life and wealth. The Irrawady, Nile, Ganges and a host of others feed and clothe the nations around them. A shortage of water in heavily populated agricultural areas will cause great hardship and starvation as crops fail.Water is also a source of energy and power. Man constructs huge dams across rivers to control the water for irrigation and obtain the energy needed to drive generators. The electric power is then channeled to homes, cities, factories, television stations and the military.Man uses billions of litres of water each year. His main source of water comes from reservoirs which in turn obtain water from the rivers.45. This passage is mainly about ______.[A] rivers [B] dams [C] nature [D] buildings46. A heavily populated agricultural area is one where ________.[A] there are more factories than farms[B] people suffer and starve[C] too many farmers live close to one another[D] only a few farmers live47. In heavily populated agricultural areas, when crops fail _______‘[A] everybody takes to water sports [B] the people starve[C] a shortage of water will help [D] more energy will be used48. Energy is obtained from rivers by ________.[A] building bridges across them[B] channeling them into homes and factories[C] driving generators into them[D] building dams across themPassage ThreeMost London colleges have a library, with a full-time or part-time librarian, who will be able to give students information on the facilities available for consulting of borrowing books. In addition, the Public Libraries give a valuable service to students attending colleges, evening classes or working on their own. Public Libraries are maintained by the City Corporation and thevarious London Borough Councils. They will be helpful to students who wish to further their studies by using the comprehensive library services available in the metropolitan areas. These libraries have over five million books in stock, the majority of which are for loan, and there is a system of interavailability of lending-library tickets which extends throughout the metropolitan area.Reference Departments are provided for the use of those who wish to consult books and periodicals in the library, or heavy publications such as encyclopedias that cannot be taken out on loan.Public library stocks are of a general nature, covering all subjects, many of them to higher degree standard or beyond. In addition, each public library in the metropolitan area specializes in a group of interrelated subjects and, through the cooperation between various libraries, their combined resources are made generally available. Moreover, through the inter-lending system of the British Library, it is usually possible for books not available in London public libraries to be obtained from specialist libraries. Music stocks, for example, include music writings and frequently records. Full details of these various services can be obtained from the Central Library in each area. Addresses and telephone numbers are listed in the London telephone directory.49. The Public Libraries referred to in the passage offer _______.[A] opportunities for students to attend Further Education[B] opportunities for students to further their studies[C] assistance towards the maintenance of students in the London BoroughCouncils[D] assistance to students who work in their local council50. From the information given we understand that students ________.[A] may only borrow books from their local library[B] must have special tickets to borrow books from another library[C] may lend their tickets to students in other libraries[D] may use their tickets to borrow books from other libraries51. In order to help students further, a system exists, by which ________.[A] books on certain subjects can be borrowed from specialist libraries[B] each library agrees to specialize in one subject[C] a group of libraries agree to specialize in one subject[D] records are made of books on specialist subjects52. The passage tells us that there is ________.[A] one central library for all areas[B] a library in the centre of each area[C] a central library in each area[D] more than one central library in each areaPassage FourThough some people have suggested that women should return tohousework in order to leave more jobs for men, the idea has been rejected by both women and men in public opinion polls.Lately some union officials have suggested that too many women are employed in types of work more suitable for men, and that women should step aside to make way for unemployed young men. They argue that women –especially women in their childbearing years actually delay economic development and result in lower productivity, poor quality and inefficiency.To solve the problem, they have suggested that the workingwomen stay at home while their husbands or brothers were given double wages. They argue that under these circumstances, families would retain their same level of income, and women could run the house and raise children much better.The suggestion has been flatly rejected by 9 out of ten people polled. A hundred persons in a big city were questioned last summer. Out of 50 women, 46 said they were unwilling to leave their jobs, no matter what the situation. The other 4 said they would like to return home if their jobs could be taken by their sons or daughters. Of 50 men polled, only 6 said they would like to see their wives resign their jobs, if it means higher wages for themselves.Some other people have sugge sted another way called ―phased employment‖ theory. The theory suggests that a woman worker take leave from her job when she is seven months pregnant (怀孕) and stay off the job until her baby reaches the age of 3. It suggests that women on leave receive 75 percent of their normal salary and be allowed to return to work after the 3-year period. This will benefit children, women, their families and the society. Some of those polled, both women and men, felt the idea is a good one. It definitely seems to be more acceptable than the suggestion that women return to home forever.53. Some union officials have suggested that women should return home because______.[A] all of them are employed in unsuitable types of work[B] most skilled male workers are now unemployed[C] their participation in work has a bad influence on the economicdevelopment[D] nowadays no one can take care of children except women54. According to the passage, the suggestion that women should return tohousework was ______.[A] opposed by most men and women[B] welcomed by men only[C] welcomed by women only[D] welcomed by both men and women55. From the passage we can see ―phased employment‖ means ―______‖.[A] two or more women share the same job[B] women are allowed to take leave from their jobs during their childbearing years[C] a women should resign her job forever if she has a child[D] women stay at home on weekdays and go to work on weekends or holidays56. According to the ―phased employment‖ theory, during a woman‘s lea ve fromher job ______.[A] her work should be done by her husband or brothers[B] either her husband or brothers will be given double wages[C] her family can still keep the normal level of income[D] her family‘s income level will be a little lower than it normally is Passage FiveInterviews may be carried out in a one-to-one situation; or a group of interviewers may interview a single candidate; or a single interviewer may interview a group of candidates. Each type of interview has its advantages and disadvantages.The one-to-one interview is the most common. It has the advantage of being the most natural situation. It is easier to build up a relationship with the candidate; he will feel at ease and will answer questions more fully and more naturally. In this way the interviewer is likely to find out a good deal about the candidate. In particular he will be in a good position to find out whether or not he would want the candidate to work with him or under him. These advantages carry with them certain disadvantages. The interviewer may be so strongly affected by his own feelings that he is unable to assess the candidate fairly. The interview may be so relaxed that the interviewer forgets to explore certain areas; it may turn into a conversation about topics of mutual interest. The candidate himself or the interviewer‘s organization is likely to feel that the procedure is somewhat unfair; a prospective employee ought not to be accepted or rejected on the basis of an interview with just one person. And, of course, unless the interviewer is highly skilled, the candidate and the organization are right –because the best people are not necessarily going to be selected. The procedure might then be altered to include additional one-to-one interviews.The next most common type of interview is the Board interview. This is usually adopted by large organizations in order that the selection procedure shall be seen to be fairer to candidates andso that people who are selected reach some kind of common standard. It also hassome other advantages. It is more likely for a Board to cover all relevant areas simply because members keep a critical eye on one another.57. In the one-to-one interview the interviewer can get much information aboutthe candidate because ______.[A] they can concentrate on topics of mutual interest[B] the interviewer can take notes of whatever the candidate tells him[C] the candidate is likely to answer questions more fully in a natural situation[D] the interviewer can last as long as the interviewer wishes58. The writer suggests that when the one-to-one interview method is used, inorder to be fairer ______.[A] both the interviewer and the candidate should take the interview seriously[B] more than one one-to-one interview should be held for a single candidate[C] the interview‘s organization should accept only the best people[D] the interviewer should not build up a good relationship with the candidate59. The writer thinks that ______.[A] the one-to-one interview is much better than the Board interview[B] the Board interview is much better than the one-to-one interview[C] both methods mentioned above have more advantages and disadvantages[D] it is hard to say which method, the Board interview or the one-to-oneinterview60. The best title for this passage would be ______.[A] The Interview as a Method of Assessment[B] How to Assess a Candidate Fairly[C] The Best Procedure to Select and Employee[D] The Advantages and Disadvantages of the one-to-one InterviewPart III: ClozeDirections: Choose the best answer for each blank in the following passage from the choices given afterwards.The industrial societies have been extremely productive during the last two centuries. The economic advance has been 1 . During this 2 short period of time, greater changes in people‘s 3 have occurred than in the thousands of years which 4 . From about 8000. B. C., when the agricultural 5 of the human race began, 6 1776 A. D., the beginning of the American Revolution, people 7 hardly any richer at all. The Americans of1776 used the same energy 8 as the Romans of 1 A. D. Both the ancient Romans and Americans of 200 years ago could travel about the same short distance in a day. Both had about the same annual income and the same life 9 . During the past 200 years the world population has increased 6 times, the annual world 10 has increased 80 times, and the distance a person can travel has 11 1,000 times. There has also been much recent progress 12 art, culture, learning, and science. Such changes have 13 a high rate of production and 14 of the economy. Economists fear that within the next 100 to 150 years, the earth's 15 will become very 16 . Their fears are partly 17 , but we should not be afraid. Industrial civilization 18 new knowledge. By advancing knowledge, we not only 19 new forms of resources, 20 we also find ways to economize their use. Advanced modern knowledge can feed the hungry people of the world and improve their standard of living.1. [A] particular [B] excellent [C] remarkable [D] excessive2. [A] considerable [B] relatively [C] roughly [D] normally3. [A] arrangements [B] orders [C] ways [D] conditions4. [A] preceded [B] exceeded [C] proceeded [D] introduced5. [A] time [B] era [C] cycle [D] century6. [A] to [B] in [C] at [D] on7. [A] went [B] developed [C] returned [D] grew8. [A] origins [B] stores [C] potential [D] source9. [A] year [B] period [C] span [D] spell10. [A] harvest [B] output [C] production [D] outcome11. [A] amounted to [B] gone up [C] built up [D] grown up12. [A] in [B] on [C] about [D] at13. [A] reduced to [B] brought up [C] led to [D] turned out14. [A] influence [B] independence [C] impact [D] growth15. [A] resources [B] sources [C] materials [D] minerals16. [A] scarce [B] rare [C] inferior [D] little17. [A] unreasonable [B] excused [C] convinced [D] justified18. [A] applies [B] refers to [C] adapts to [D] adopts as19. [A] realizes [B] creates [C] substitutes [D] brings20. [A] besides [B] and [C] but [D] anyhowPart IV: TranslationRouting buying undoubtedly has some advantages for the customer. It saves a lot of trouble and avoids the risks that are always associated with any kind of change. The customer who stays with one supplier receives the goods to which he is accustomed and on the same terms. But this principle seldom serves the cause of progress if the first purchase was a mistake which he now repeats again and again. And a decision that was the right one five years ago, can be the wrong one today. The human need for stability and routine is also inclined to lag behind the new developments, improvements and changes which are so typical of our times. Nevertheless, this attitude has prevented many manufacturers and dealers from introducing valuable innovations. If the customer resists an offer due to the force of habit, the new supplier will have little chance of success, or will have to invest expenditure and effort out of all proportion to the risk involved. For this reason many excellent inventions have never been put on the market; they were nipped in the bud, because potential investors could see all the difficulties awaiting them, such as the force of habit and the public‘s mistrust of anything new.Part V: WritingDirections:You are to write in no less than 120 words about the title―Advances in Science and Technology‖. You should base your essay on theoutline below.Outline:1. 科学技术的发展是重要的。

西安外国语大学2011年翻译硕士专业学位研究生招生试题科目：翻译硕士英语（代码：211）A卷注意事项：1. 请核对本场考试科目及代码与你所报考专业的考试安排是否一致。

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Task One: Vocabulary and Grammatical StructureSection ADirections: This section is designed to test your ability to interpret the meanings of words in different contexts. Read each of the following sentences carefully and select one word or phrase from the four choices that is closest in meaning to the underlined word in each sentence, and then write your answer on the Answer Sheet. (20%)1. Psychologists have done extensive studies of how well patients comply with doctors orders.[A] obey [B] understand[C] improve with [D] agree with2. Stars are composed of intensely hot gases and derive their energy from nuclear reactions occurring in the interiors.[A]extremely [B]uniformly[C]explosively [D] continually3. From1775 to 1776 the Americans undertook an unsuccessful campaign against the British in Canada.[A] wage [B] headed[C] Paid for [D] attended to4. Because of its old mannerisms, the praying mantis has always intrigued human beings.[A]fascinate [B]aggravated[C]offended [D]terrified5. Industrial self-sufficiency in the United States developed simultaneously with the mass production of textiles in New England.[A]smoothly [B]concurrently[C]effectively [D]spontaneously6. The initial appearance of the silver three-cent piece coincided with the first issue of three-cent stamps in 1851.[A] occurred at the same time as [B] collided with[C] was necessitated by [D] was similar to7. Chicago’s O’ Hare International Airport accommodates forty-four million passengers per year.[A] amazes [B] lures[C] handles [D] counts8. Regional planning deals with proposals concerning outlying communities and highways as well as with urban affairs.[A] outlandish [B] exclusive[C] exempted [D] remote9. The introduction of the bus signaled the eventual demise of the trolley car asa form of travel.[A] designation [B] mechanization[C] disappearance [D] friskiness10. In Silent Spring, Rachel Carson forcefully decried the indiscriminate use of pesticides.[A] haphazard [B] unpleasant[C] regional [D] periodic11.After its founding, the United States government followed a policy explicitly designed to aid national shipping.[A] prematurely [B] economically[C] specifically [D] proudly12.Before social inequality can be alleviated, its principal causes must be diagnosed.[A] denounced [B] relieved[C] analyzed [D] controlled13. Astronauts are subjected to the most rigorous training that has ever been devised for human beings.[A] demanded [B] created[C] diagnosed [D] allowed14. Weight lifting is the gymnastic sport of lifting weights in a prescribed manner.[A] vigorous [B] popular[C] certain [D] careful15. Project Skylab was designed to demonstrate that a person can work and live inspace for prolonged periods without ill effects[A] unexpected [B] obvious[C] adverse [D] immediate16. Plays that entail direct interaction between actor and audience present no unusual difficulties for actors.[A] advocate [B] involve[C] elicit [D] exaggerate17. Since speech is such a familiar activity, it is often regarded as a universal endowment.[A] event [B] habit[C] trait [D] gift18. In the Pacific Northwest, as climate and topography vary, so do the species that prevail in the forests.[A] rebuild [B] invade[C] dominate [D] tend19. In North America, the first canoes were constructed from logs and propelled by means of wooden pad.[A] carved [B] docked[C] driven forward [D] carried upright20. United States citizens are now enjoying better dental health, as shown by the declining incidence of tooth decay.[A] treatment [B] consequences[C] occurrence [D] misfortuneSection BDirections: In each of the following sentences, some part of the sentence or the whole is underlined. Rephrase the underlined part so as to express most effectively what is presented in the original sentence. Your correction should be dear and exact, without awkwardness, ambiguity or redundancy. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet. (10%)21. Credit cards are now accepted in exchange for many goods and services around the world and in some countries, like the Americans, is used even more widely than cash.22. Scholars recognized immediately that thelanguage experiments in Finnegan’s Wake are different than any other novel.23. When it rains outside, most parents prefer small children to play indoors.24. Required by law to register by the end of the year, the post office was crowded with legal aliens attempting to comply with the law before the deadline.25. In the past few years, significant changes have take place in the organization of our economy that will profoundly affect thecharacter of our labor unions as well as influencing consumer and industrial life.Task Two: Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: Read the following two texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]; write your answers on the Answer Sheet. (20%)Text1The ancient Greeks and the Chinese believed that we first clothed our bodies for some physical reason, such as protecting ourselves from theelements. Ethnologists and psychologists have invoked psychological reasons: modesty, taboo, magical influence, or the desire to please. Anthropological research indicates that the function of the earliest clothing was to carry objects. Our hunting-gathering ancestors had to travel great distances to obtain food. For the male hunters, carrying was much easier if they were wearing simple belts or animal skins from which they could hang weapons and tools. For the female gatherers, more elaborate carrying devices were necessary. Women had to transport collected food back to the settlement and also had to carry babies, so they required bags or slings.Another function of early clothing-providing comfort and protection—probably developed at the same time as utility. As human beings multiplied and spread out from the warm lands in which they evolved, they covered their bodies more and more to maintain body warmth. Today, we still dress to maintain warmth and to carry objects in our clothes. And like our hunting-gathering ancestors, most men still carry things on their person, as if they still needed to keep their arms free for hunting, while women tend to have a separate bag for carrying, as if they were still food-gatherers. But these two functions of clothing are only two of many uses to which we put the garments that we wear today.There is a clear distinction between attire that constitutes “clothing” and attire that is more aptly termed “costume”. We might say that clothing has to do with covering the body, and costume concerns the choice of a particular form of garment for a particular purpose. Clothing depends primarily on such physical conditions as climate, health, and textile, while costume reflects social factors such as personal status, religious beliefs, aesthetics, and the wish to be distinguished from or to emulate others.Even in early human history, costume fulfilled a function beyond that of simple utility. Costume helped to impose authority or inspire fear. A chieftain’s costume embodied attributes expressing his power, while a warrior’s costume enhanced his physical superiority and suggested he was superhuman. Costume often had a magical significance such as investing humans with the attributes of other creatures through the recent times, professional or administrative costume is designed to distinguish the wearer and to express personal or delegated authority. Costume communicates the status of the wearer, and with very few exceptions, the aim is to display as high a status as possible. Costume denotes power, and since power is often equated with wealth, costume has come to be an expression of social class and material prosperity.A uniform is a type of costume that serves the important function of displaying membership in a group: school, sports team, occupation, or armed force. Military uniform denotes rank and is intended not only to express group membership but also to protect the body and to intimidate.A soldier’s uniform says. “I am part of a powerful machine, and when you deal with me, you deal with my whole organization.” Uniforms are immediate beacons of power and authority. If a person needs to display power—a police officer, for example—then the body can be virtually transformed. Height can be exaggerated with protective headgear, thick clothing can make the body look broader and stronger, and boots can enhance the power of the legs. Uniforms also convey low social status; at the bottom of the scale, the uniform of the prisoner denotes membership in the society of convicted criminals.Religious costume signifies spiritual or superhuman authority and possesses a significance that identifies the wearer with a belief or god.A successful clergy has always displayed impressive investments of one kind or another that clearly demonstrate the religious leader’s dominant status.26. According to the passage, what aspect of humanity’s hunting-gathering past is reflected in the clothing of today?[A]People cover their bodies because of modesty.[B]Most men still carry objects on their person.[C] Women like clothes that are beautiful and practical.[D]Men wear pants, but women wear skirts or pants.27. Which sentence below best expresses the essential information in the underlined sentence in paragraph 3?[A] Clothing serves a physical purpose, while costume has a personal, social, or psychological function.[B] We like clothing to fit our body well,but different costumes fit differently depending on the purpose.[C] Both clothing and costume are types of attire, but it is often difficult to distinguish between them.[D] People spend more time in choosing special costumes than they do in selecting everyday clothing.28. It can be inferred from paragraph 4 that the author most likely believes whichof the following about costume?[A] We can learn about a society’s social structure by studying costume.[B] Costume used to serve a simple function, but now it is very complex.[C] The main purpose of costume is to force people to obey their leaders.[D] Costume is rarely a reliable indicator of a person’s material wealth.29. Why does the author discuss the police officer’s uniform in paragr aph 5?[A] To describe the aesthetic aspects of costume.[B] To identify the wearer with a hero.[C] To suggest that police are superhuman.[D] To show how costume conveys authority.30. All of the following are likely to be indicated by a person’s costume except[A] playing on a football team.[B] being a prisoner[C] having a heart condition.[D] leading a religious ceremony.Text2The founders of the Republic viewed their revolution primarily in political rather than economic or social terms. And they talked about education as essential to the public good—a goal that took precedence over knowledge as occupational training or self-improvement. Over and over again, the Revolutionary generation, both liberal and conservative in outlook, asserted its conviction that the welfare of the Republic rested upon an educated citizenry and that schools, especially free public schools, would be the best means of educating the citizenry in civic values and the obligations required of everyone in a democratic republican society. All agreed that the principal ingredients of a civic education were literacy and the inculcation of patriotic and moral virtues, some others adding the study of history and the study of principles of the republican government itself.The founders, as was the case of almost all their successors, were long on exhortation and rhetoric regarding the value of civic education, but they left it to the textbook writers to distill the essence of those values for school children. Texts in American history and government appeared early as the 1790s. The textbook writers turned out to be very largely of conservative persuasion, more likely Federalist in outlook than Jeffersonian, and almost universally agreed that political virtue must rest upon moral and religious precepts. Since most textbook writers were New Englanders, this means that the texts were infused with Protestant and, above all, Puritan outlooks.In the first half of the Republic, civic education in the schoolsemphasized the inculcation of civic values and made little attempt to develop participatory political skills. That was a task left to incipient political parties, town meetings, churches, and the coffee or alehouses where men gathered for conversation. Additionally, as a reading of certain federalist papers of the period would demonstrate, the press probably did more to disseminate realistic as well as partisan knowledge of government than the schools. The goal of education, however, was to achieve a higher form of un um for the new Republic. In the middle half of the nineteenth century, the political values taught in the public and private schools did not change substantially from those celebrated in the first years of the Republic. In the textbooks of the day, their rosy hues if anything became golden. To the resplendent values of liberty, equality, and a benevolent Christian morality were now added the middle-class virtues—especially of New England—of hard work, honesty and integrity, the rewards of individual effort, and obedience to parents and legitimate authority. But of all the political values taught in school, patriotism was preeminent; and whenever teachers explained to school children why they should love their country above all else, the idea of liberty assumed pride of place.31. The passage deals primarily with the[A] content of early textbooks on American history and government.[B] role of education in late 18th- and early to mid-19th-century America.[C] influence of New England Puritanism on early American values.[D] establishment of universal, free public education in America.32. According to the passage, the founders of the Republic regarded education primarily as[A] a religious obligation. [B] a private matter[C] a matter of individual choice. [D] a political necessity.33. The author states that textbooks written in the middle part of the nineteenth century[A] departed radically in tone and style from earlier textbooks.[B] mentioned for the first time the value of liberty.[C] treated traditional civic virtues with even greater reverence.[D] were commissioned by government agencies.34. Which of the following would LEAST likely have been the subject of an early American textbook?[A] the American Revolution.[B] patriotism and other civic virtues[C] principles of American government.[D] vocational education35. The author implies that an early American Puritan would likely insist that[A] moral and religious values are the foundation of civic virtue.[B] textbooks should instruct students in political issues of vital concern to the community.[C] textbooks should give greater emphasis to the value of individual liberty than to the duties of patriotism.[D] private schools with a particular religious focus are preferable to public schools with no religious instruction.Section BDirections: Read the following text and answer the questions that follow. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet. (15%)The Greenhouse Effect and Global WarmingCarbon dioxide and other naturally occurring gases in the earth’s atmosphere create a natural greenhouse effect by trapping and absorbing solar radiation. These gases act as a blanket and keep the planet warm enough for life to survive and flourish. The warming of the earth is balanced by some of the heat escaping from the atmosphere back into space. Without this compensating flow of heat out of the system, the temperature of the earth’s surface and its atmosphere would rise steadily. Scientists are increasingly concerned about a human-driven greenhouse effect resulting from a rise in atmospheric levels of carbon dioxide and other heat-trapping greenhouse gases. The man-made greenhouse effect is the exhalation of industrial civilization. A major contributing factor is the burning of large amounts of fossil fuels—coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Another is the destruction of the world’s forests, which reduces the amount of carbon dioxide converted to oxygen by plants. Emissions of carbon dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons, nitrous oxide, and methane from human activities will enhance the greenhouse effect, causing the earth’s surface to become warmer. The main greenhouse gas, water vapor, will increase in response to global warming and further enhance it.There is agreement within the scientific community that the buildup of green house gases is already causing the earth’s average surface temperature to rise. This is changing global climate at an unusually fast rate. According to the World Meteorological Organization, the earth’s average temperature climbed about 1 degree F in the past century, and nine of the ten warmest years on record have occurred since 1990. A United Nations panel has predicted that average global temperatures could rise as much as 10.5degrees F during the next century as heat-trapping gases from human industry accumulate in the atmosphere.What are the potential impacts of an enhanced green house effect? According to estimates by an international committee, North American climatic zones could shift northward by as much as 550 kilometers (340miles). Such a change in climate would likely affect all sectors of society. In some areas, heat and moisture stress would cut crop yields, and traditional farming practices would have to change. For example, in the North American grain belt, higher temperature and more frequent drought during the growing season might require farmers to switch from corn to wheat and to use more water for irrigation.Global warming may also cause a rise in sea level by melting polar ice caps. A rise in sea level would accelerate coastal erosion and inundate islands and low-lying coastal plains, some of which are densely populated. Millions of acres of coastal farmland would be covered by water. Furthermore, the warming of seawater will cause the water to expand, thus adding to the potential danger.Global warming has already left its fingerprint on the natural world. Two research teams recently reviewed hundreds of published papers that tracked changes in the range and behavior of plant and animal species, and they found ample evidence of plants blooming and birds nesting earlier in the spring. Both teams concluded that rising global temperatures are shifting the ranges of hundreds of species—thus climatic zones—northward. These studies are hard evidence that the natural world is already responding dramatically to climate change, even though the change has just begun. If global warming trends continue, changes in the environment will have an enormous impact on world biology. Birds especially play a critical role in the environment by pollinating plants, dispersing seeds, and controlling insect populations; thus, changes in their populations will reverberate throughout the ecosystems they inhabit.36. According to the passage, how do carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases affect the earth-atmosphere system?37. What can e inferred from paragraph 3 about global climate change?38. According to paragraph 4, what is one effect that climate change could have on agriculture in North America?39. What evidence does the author give that climate zones have shifted northward?40. An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by writing THREE sentences that express the most important ideas in the passage.Scientists are concerned about the greenhouse effect and its role in global warming.Task Three: Composition WritingDirections: Read the following essay question carefully, formulate a title based on the question and write a 400-word composition on the Answer Sheet. (35%)“Education has become the main provider of individual opportunity in our society. Just as property and money once were the key to success, education has now become the element that most ensures success in life.”Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the opinion stated above. Support your point of view with reasons and/or examples from your own experience.西安外国语大学2011年翻译硕士专业学位研究生招生试题汉语写作与百科知识（代码：448）A卷注意事项：1. 请核对本场考试科目及代码与你所报考专业的考试安排是否一致。

硕士综合英语教程2Unit 1成功机构，以人为本“我们公司的经营模式是公司和每一位员工共同成功，绝不落下任何人，这也是成功经营一个企业的典范……”——霍华德·舒尔茨1.英特尔公司奉行它。

微软、摩托罗拉、戈尔、西南航空公司、班杰瑞、惠普、林肯电气以及星巴克也都奉行它。

它是什么？它就是这些公司所奉行的“以人为本”的策略。

2.越来越多的例子证明，成功的组织都是以人为本的。

为什么？因为精明的经理人们已经认识到他们企业的员工才是它们唯一真正的竞争优势。

竞争者可以在产品、工艺、选址、销售渠道等诸多方面与其不相上下，但却很难效仿的是拥有一支由专业素质高和工作动机强的人组成的劳动力队伍。

几乎在所有的行业，那些成功的公司之所以超越它们的对手们，主要的区别就在于他们所能够得到和留住想要的人。

3.哪些做法才能区分以人为本的公司呢？我们至少可以列出四条：第一，它们重视文化的多样性。

它们根据年龄、性别和种族积极寻求一支多元化的员工队伍。

第二，它们具有家庭氛围。

公司通过为其员工提供灵活的工作时间以及现场托儿服务设施等帮助员工平衡工作和个人职责之间的关系。

第三，它们对员工培训进行投资。

这些公司花费巨资以确保员工的技能水平始终保持最新状态。

这不仅确保员工可以处理该公司的最新技术和工艺，而且还使这样的员工极具市场竞争力。

第四，以人为本的公司将权力下放给员工。

它们将权力和义务下放到公司的最底层。

4.那些奉行以人为本的组织拥有一支更敬业、更忠诚的工作团队。

因而这样的团队精神转化成了高生产率和工作满意度。

这些员工会愿意做出更大的努力——为了准确彻底地完成他们的工作，他们会全力以赴。

我们来看一看其中的一个因奉行“以人为本”而取得成功的公司：星巴克。

星巴克的卓越成就5.让你在咖啡中醒来！——星巴克无处不在。

作为世界首屈一指的专业咖啡零售商，星巴克在世界上30多个国家开设和授权开设了8000多家咖啡店。

这些咖啡店销售各种各样的咖啡饮品、食物、咖啡及咖啡用品。

翻译硕⼠考试样题及参考答案全⽇制翻译硕⼠专业学位（MTI）研究⽣⼊学考试⼤纲总则全国翻译硕⼠专业学位教育指导委员会在《全⽇制翻译硕⼠专业学位研究⽣指导性培养⽅案》（见学位办[2009]23号⽂）中指出，MTI教育的⽬标是培养⾼层次、应⽤型、专业性⼝笔译⼈才。

MTI教育重视实践环节，强调翻译实践能⼒的培养。

全⽇制MTI的招⽣对象为具有国民教育序列⼤学本科学历（或本科同等学⼒）⼈员，具有良好的双语基础。

根据《全⽇制翻译硕⼠专业学位研究⽣指导性培养⽅案》以及教学司[2009]22号⽂件精神，现制定全⽇制翻译硕⼠专业学位研究⽣⼊学考试⼤纲。

.⼀、考试⽬的本考试旨在全⾯考查考⽣的双语（外语、母语）综合能⼒及双语翻译能⼒，招⽣院校根据考⽣参加本考试的成绩和《政治理论》的成绩总分（满分共计500分），参考全国统⼀录取分数线来选择参加复试的考⽣。

⼆、考试性质与范围本考试是全国翻译硕⼠专业学位研究⽣的⼊学资格考试，除全国统考分值100分的第⼀单元《政治理论》之外，专业考试分为三门，分别是第⼆单元外国语考试《翻译硕⼠X语》（含英语、法语、⽇语、俄语、韩语、德语等语种），第三单元基础课考试《X语翻译基础》（含英汉、法汉、⽇汉、俄汉、韩汉、德汉等语对）以及第四单元专业基础课考试《汉语写作与百科知识》。

《翻译硕⼠X 语》重点考查考⽣的外语⽔平，总分100分；《X语翻译基础》重点考查考⽣的外汉互译专业技能和潜质，总分150分；《汉语写作与百科知识》重点考查考⽣的现代汉语写作⽔平和百科知识，总分150分。

（考试科⽬名称及代码参见教学司[2009]22号⽂件）三、考试基本要求1. 具有良好的外语基本功，掌握6,000个以上的选考外语积极词汇。

2. 具有较好的双语表达和转换能⼒及潜质。

3. 具备⼀定的中外⽂化以及政治、经济、法律等⽅⾯的背景知识。

对作为母语（A语⾔）的现代汉语有较强的写作能⼒。

四、考试时间与命题每年1⽉份举⾏，与全国硕⼠研究⽣⼊学考试同步进⾏。

Unit 1(1) The fascination generated by exploration will inspire our young people to study math, science and engineering, and create a new generation of innovators and pioneers.(2) Upon returning to England, he employed the favorable media attention as a launching pad for his foray into politics.(3) Owning to the nature of every growing business, you will need to be on the go constantly, and also be on the go prepared to work shift work, including nights and weekends.(4) In Australia, gasoline prices have retreated, although falls have been limited because of the weakness of the Australian dollar against its American counterpart.(5) The Asian economy has presented a positive trend. Some countries have overcome the impact of the financial crisis and revived development. Asia has once again become the spotlight of global economic growth.(6) China’s accession to the WTO can promote not only the development of Chinese economy, but also that of the world economy and will inject new impetus into the progress of Asian economy and world economy.(7) The growing quantity of information, couple with the development of technologies, erable the storage and delivery of more information with greater speed to more locations than has ever been possible before.(8) The future is something which everyone reaches at the rate of sixty minutes an hour, whatever he does, whoever he is.哪些做法才能区分以人为本的公司呢？我们至少可以列出四条：第一，它们重视文化的多样性。

目　录2010年西安外国语大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2011年西安外国语大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2012年西安外国语大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2013年西安外国语大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2014年西安外国语大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2010年西安外国语大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解Task One: Vocabulary and Grammatical StructureSection ADirections: This section is designed to test your ability to interpret the meanings of words in different contexts. Read each of the following sentences carefully and select one word or phrase from the four choices that is closest in meaning to the underlined word in each sentence, and then write your answers on the Answer Sheet. (20 %)1．The invention of the thermometer is attributed to Galileo.A. chargedB. givenC. toldD. credited【答案】D【解析】句意：温度计的发明归功于伽利略。

be credited to把……归功于。

2．When an aircraft travels at subsonic speeds, the sounds that it generates extend in all directions.A. createsB. manufacturesC. powersD. spawns【答案】A【解析】句意：当一架飞机以亚音速飞行时，它发出的声音会传向各个方向。

外国语大学2011年翻译硕士专业学位研究生招生试题科目：翻译硕士英语（代码：211）A卷注意事项：1. 请核对本场考试科目及代码与你所报考专业的考试安排是否一致。

2. 请一定使用黑色、蓝色钢笔、圆珠笔或签字笔，铅笔答题无效。

3. 请在专业答题纸上的规定区域清楚地填写自己的和。

4. 请按照考题顺序在专业答题纸上依次作答，在试卷上答题无效。

5. 本科目总分为100分，答题时间为3小时，请掌握好答题时间。

6. 考试结束后，请将试题和答题纸一并装入考试专用试题袋，并及时交回。

Task One: Vocabulary and Grammatical StructureSection ADirections: This section is designed to test your ability to interpret the meanings of words in different contexts. Read each of the following sentences carefully and select one word or phrase from the four choices that is closest in meaning to the underlined word in each sentence, and then write your answer on the Answer Sheet. (20%)1. Psychologists have done extensive studies of how well patients comply with doctors orders.[A] obey [B] understand[C] improve with [D] agree with2. Stars are composed of intensely hot gases and derive their energy from nuclear reactions occurring in the interiors.[A]extremely [B]uniformly[C]explosively [D] continually3. From1775 to 1776 the Americans undertook an unsuccessful campaign against the British in Canada.[A] wage [B] headed[C] Paid for [D] attended to4. Because of its old mannerisms, the praying mantis has always intrigued human beings.[A]fascinate [B]aggravated[C]offended [D]terrified5. Industrial self-sufficiency in the United States developed simultaneously with the mass production of textiles in New England.[A]smoothly [B]concurrently[C]effectively [D]spontaneously6. The initial appearance of the silver three-cent piece coincided with the first issue of three-cent stamps in 1851.[A] occurred at the same time as [B] collided with[C] was necessitated by [D] was similar to7. Chicago’s O’ Hare International Airport accommodates forty-four million passengers per year.[A] amazes [B] lures[C] handles [D] counts8. Regional planning deals with proposals concerning outlying communities and highways as well as with urban affairs.[A] outlandish [B] exclusive[C] exempted [D] remote9. The introduction of the bus signaled the eventual demise of the trolley car asa form of travel.[A] designation [B] mechanization[C] disappearance [D] friskiness10. In Silent Spring, Rachel Carson forcefully decried the indiscriminate use of pesticides.[A] haphazard [B] unpleasant[C] regional [D] periodic11.After its founding, the United States government followed a policy explicitly designed to aid national shipping.[A] prematurely [B] economically[C] specifically [D] proudly12.Before social inequality can be alleviated, its principal causes must be diagnosed.[A] denounced [B] relieved[C] analyzed [D] controlled13. Astronauts are subjected to the most rigorous training that has ever been devised for human beings.[A] demanded [B] created[C] diagnosed [D] allowed14. Weight lifting is the gymnastic sport of lifting weights in a prescribed manner.[A] vigorous [B] popular[C] certain [D] careful15. Project Skylab was designed to demonstrate that a person can work and live inspace for prolonged periods without ill effects[A] unexpected [B] obvious[C] adverse [D] immediate16. Plays that entail direct interaction between actor and audience present no unusual difficulties for actors.[A] advocate [B] involve[C] elicit [D] exaggerate17. Since speech is such a familiar activity, it is often regarded as a universal endowment.[A] event [B] habit[C] trait [D] gift18. In the Pacific Northwest, as climate and topography vary, so do the species that prevail in the forests.[A] rebuild [B] invade[C] dominate [D] tend19. In North America, the first canoes were constructed from logs and propelled by means of wooden pad.[A] carved [B] docked[C] driven forward [D] carried upright20. United States citizens are now enjoying better dental health, as shown by the declining incidence of tooth decay.[A] treatment [B] consequences[C] occurrence [D] misfortuneSection BDirections: In each of the following sentences, some part of the sentence or the whole is underlined. Rephrase the underlined part so as to express most effectively what is presented in the original sentence. Your correction should be dear and exact, without awkwardness, ambiguity or redundancy. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet. (10%)21. Credit cards are now accepted in exchange for many goods and services around the world and in some countries, like the Americans, is used even more widely than cash.22. Scholars recognized immediately that thelanguage experiments in Finnegan’s Wake are different than any other novel.23. When it rains outside, most parents prefer small children to play indoors.24. Required by law to register by the end of the year, the post office was crowded with legal aliens attempting to comply with the law before the deadline.25. In the past few years, significant changes have take place in the organization of our economy that will profoundly affect thecharacter of our labor unions as well as influencing consumer and industrial life.Task Two: Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: Read the following two texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]; write your answers on the Answer Sheet. (20%)Text1The ancient Greeks and the Chinese believed that we first clothed our bodies for some physical reason, such as protecting ourselves from theelements. Ethnologists and psychologists have invoked psychological reasons: modesty, taboo, magical influence, or the desire to please. Anthropological research indicates that the function of the earliest clothing was to carry objects. Our hunting-gathering ancestors had to travel great distances to obtain food. For the male hunters, carrying was much easier if they were wearing simple belts or animal skins from which they could hang weapons and tools. For the female gatherers, more elaborate carrying devices were necessary. Women had to transport collected food back to the settlement and also had to carry babies, so they required bags or slings.Another function of early clothing-providing comfort and protection—probably developed at the same time as utility. As human beings multiplied and spread out from the warm lands in which they evolved, they covered their bodies more and more to maintain body warmth. Today, we still dress to maintain warmth and to carry objects in our clothes. And like our hunting-gathering ancestors, most men still carry things on their person, as if they still needed to keep their arms free for hunting, while women tend to have a separate bag for carrying, as if they were still food-gatherers. But these two functions of clothing are only two of many uses to which we put the garments that we wear today.There is a clear distinction between attire that constitutes “clothing” and attire that is more aptly termed “costume”. We might say that clothing has to do with covering the body, and costume concerns the choice of a particular form of garment for a particular purpose. Clothing depends primarily on such physical conditions as climate, health, and textile, while costume reflects social factors such as personal status, religious beliefs, aesthetics, and the wish to be distinguished from or to emulate others.Even in early human history, costume fulfilled a function beyond that of simple utility. Costume helped to impose authority or inspire fear. A ch ieftain’s costume embodied attributes expressing his power, while a warrior’s costume enhanced his physical superiority and suggested he was superhuman. Costume often had a magical significance such as investing humans with the attributes of other creatures through the recent times, professional or administrative costume is designed to distinguish the wearer and to express personal or delegated authority. Costume communicates the status of the wearer, and with very few exceptions, the aim is to display as high a status as possible. Costume denotes power, and since power is often equated with wealth, costume has come to be an expression of social class and material prosperity.A uniform is a type of costume that serves the important function of displaying membership in a group: school, sports team, occupation, or armed force. Military uniform denotes rank and is intended not only to express group membership but also to protect the body and to intimidate.A soldier’s uniform says. “I am part of a powerful machi ne, and when you deal with me, you deal with my whole organization.” Uniforms are immediate beacons of power and authority. If a person needs to display power—a police officer, for example—then the body can be virtually transformed. Height can be exaggerated with protective headgear, thick clothing can make the body look broader and stronger, and boots can enhance the power of the legs. Uniforms also convey low social status; at the bottom of the scale, the uniform of the prisoner denotes membership in the society of convicted criminals.Religious costume signifies spiritual or superhuman authority and possesses a significance that identifies the wearer with a belief or god.A successful clergy has always displayed impressive investments of one kind or another that clearly demonstrate the religious leader’s dominant status.26. According to the passage, what aspect of humanity’s hunting-gathering past is reflected in the clothing of today?[A]People cover their bodies because of modesty.[B]Most men still carry objects on their person.[C] Women like clothes that are beautiful and practical.[D]Men wear pants, but women wear skirts or pants.27. Which sentence below best expresses the essential information in the underlined sentence in paragraph 3?[A] Clothing serves a physical purpose, while costume has a personal, social, or psychological function.[B] We like clothing to fit our body well,but different costumes fit differently depending on the purpose.[C] Both clothing and costume are types of attire, but it is often difficult to distinguish between them.[D] People spend more time in choosing special costumes than they do in selecting everyday clothing.28. It can be inferred from paragraph 4 that the author most likely believes whichof the following about costume?[A] We can learn about a society’s social structure by studying costume.[B] Costume used to serve a simple function, but now it is very complex.[C] The main purpose of costume is to force people to obey their leaders.[D] Costume is rarely a reliable indicator of a person’s material wealth.29. Why does the author discuss the police officer’s uniform in paragraph 5?[A] To describe the aesthetic aspects of costume.[B] To identify the wearer with a hero.[C] To suggest that police are superhuman.[D] To show how costume conveys authority.30. All of the following are likely to be indicated by a person’s costume except[A] playing on a football team.[B] being a prisoner[C] having a heart condition.[D] leading a religious ceremony.Text2The founders of the Republic viewed their revolution primarily in political rather than economic or social terms. And they talked about education as essential to the public good—a goal that took precedence over knowledge as occupational training or self-improvement. Over and over again, the Revolutionary generation, both liberal and conservative in outlook, asserted its conviction that the welfare of the Republic rested upon an educated citizenry and that schools, especially free public schools, would be the best means of educating the citizenry in civic values and the obligations required of everyone in a democratic republican society. All agreed that the principal ingredients of a civic education were literacy and the inculcation of patriotic and moral virtues, some others adding the study of history and the study of principles of the republican government itself.The founders, as was the case of almost all their successors, were long on exhortation and rhetoric regarding the value of civic education, but they left it to the textbook writers to distill the essence of those values for school children. Texts in American history and government appeared early as the 1790s. The textbook writers turned out to be very largely of conservative persuasion, more likely Federalist in outlook than Jeffersonian, and almost universally agreed that political virtue must rest upon moral and religious precepts. Since most textbook writers were New Englanders, this means that the texts were infused with Protestant and, above all, Puritan outlooks.In the first half of the Republic, civic education in the schoolsemphasized the inculcation of civic values and made little attempt to develop participatory political skills. That was a task left to incipient political parties, town meetings, churches, and the coffee or alehouses where men gathered for conversation. Additionally, as a reading of certain federalist papers of the period would demonstrate, the press probably did more to disseminate realistic as well as partisan knowledge of government than the schools. The goal of education, however, was to achieve a higher form of un um for the new Republic. In the middle half of the nineteenth century, the political values taught in the public and private schools did not change substantially from those celebrated in the first years of the Republic. In the textbooks of the day, their rosy hues if anything became golden. To the resplendent values of liberty, equality, and a benevolent Christian morality were now added the middle-class virtues—especially of New England—of hard work, honesty and integrity, the rewards of individual effort, and obedience to parents and legitimate authority. But of all the political values taught in school, patriotism was preeminent; and whenever teachers explained to school children why they should love their country above all else, the idea of liberty assumed pride of place.31. The passage deals primarily with the[A] content of early textbooks on American history and government.[B] role of education in late 18th- and early to mid-19th-century America.[C] influence of New England Puritanism on early American values.[D] establishment of universal, free public education in America.32. According to the passage, the founders of the Republic regarded education primarily as[A] a religious obligation. [B] a private matter[C] a matter of individual choice. [D] a political necessity.33. The author states that textbooks written in the middle part of the nineteenth century[A] departed radically in tone and style from earlier textbooks.[B] mentioned for the first time the value of liberty.[C] treated traditional civic virtues with even greater reverence.[D] were commissioned by government agencies.34. Which of the following would LEAST likely have been the subject of an early American textbook?[A] the American Revolution.[B] patriotism and other civic virtues[C] principles of American government.[D] vocational education35. The author implies that an early American Puritan would likely insist that[A] moral and religious values are the foundation of civic virtue.[B] textbooks should instruct students in political issues of vital concern to the community.[C] textbooks should give greater emphasis to the value of individual liberty than to the duties of patriotism.[D] private schools with a particular religious focus are preferable to public schools with no religious instruction.Section BDirections: Read the following text and answer the questions that follow. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet. (15%)The Greenhouse Effect and Global WarmingCarbon dioxide and other naturally occurring gases in the earth’s atmosphere create a natural greenhouse effect by trapping and absorbing solar radiation. These gases act as a blanket and keep the planet warm enough for life to survive and flourish. The warming of the earth is balanced by some of the heat escaping from the atmosphere back into space. Without this compensating flow of heat out of the system, the temperature of the earth’s surface and its atmosphere wo uld rise steadily. Scientists are increasingly concerned about a human-driven greenhouse effect resulting from a rise in atmospheric levels of carbon dioxide and other heat-trapping greenhouse gases. The man-made greenhouse effect is the exhalation of industrial civilization. A major contributing factor is the burning of large amounts of fossil fuels—coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Another is the destruction of the world’s forests, which reduces the amount of carbon dioxide converted to oxygen by plants. Emissions of carbon dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons, nitrous oxide, and methane from human activities will enhance the greenhouse effect, causing the earth’s surface to become warmer. The main greenhouse gas, water vapor, will increase in response to global warming and further enhance it.There is agreement within the scientific community that the buildup of green house gases is already causing the earth’s average surface temperature to rise. This is changing global climate at an unusually fast rate. According to the World Meteorological Organization, the earth’s average temperature climbed about 1 degree F in the past century, and nine of the ten warmest years on record have occurred since 1990. A United Nations panel has predicted that average global temperatures could rise as much as 10.5degrees F during the next century as heat-trapping gases from human industry accumulate in the atmosphere.What are the potential impacts of an enhanced green house effect? According to estimates by an international committee, North American climatic zones could shift northward by as much as 550 kilometers (340miles). Such a change in climate would likely affect all sectors of society. In some areas, heat and moisture stress would cut crop yields, and traditional farming practices would have to change. For example, in the North American grain belt, higher temperature and more frequent drought during the growing season might require farmers to switch from corn to wheat and to use more water for irrigation.Global warming may also cause a rise in sea level by melting polar ice caps. A rise in sea level would accelerate coastal erosion and inundate islands and low-lying coastal plains, some of which are densely populated. Millions of acres of coastal farmland would be covered by water. Furthermore, the warming of seawater will cause the water to expand, thus adding to the potential danger.Global warming has already left its fingerprint on the natural world. Two research teams recently reviewed hundreds of published papers that tracked changes in the range and behavior of plant and animal species, and they found ample evidence of plants blooming and birds nesting earlier in the spring. Both teams concluded that rising global temperatures are shifting the ranges of hundreds of species—thus climatic zones—northward. These studies are hard evidence that the natural world is already responding dramatically to climate change, even though the change has just begun. If global warming trends continue, changes in the environment will have an enormous impact on world biology. Birds especially play a critical role in the environment by pollinating plants, dispersing seeds, and controlling insect populations; thus, changes in their populations will reverberate throughout the ecosystems they inhabit.36. According to the passage, how do carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases affect the earth-atmosphere system?37. What can e inferred from paragraph 3 about global climate change?38. According to paragraph 4, what is one effect that climate change could have on agriculture in North America?39. What evidence does the author give that climate zones have shifted northward?40. An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by writing THREE sentences that express the most important ideas in the passage.Scientists are concerned about the greenhouse effect and its role in global warming.Task Three: Composition WritingDirections: Read the following essay question carefully, formulate a title based on the question and write a 400-word composition on the Answer Sheet. (35%)“Education has become the main provider of individual opportunity in our society. Just as property and money once were the key to success, education has now become the element that most ensures success in life.”Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the opinion stated above. Support your point of view with reasons and/or examples from your own experience.外国语大学2011年翻译硕士专业学位研究生招生试题汉语写作与百科知识（代码：448）A卷注意事项：1. 请核对本场考试科目及代码与你所报考专业的考试安排是否一致。

2017西安交大mti英语三科完整版回忆一．翻译硕士英语: 试卷共16页翻硕英语今年题型有变化，第一部分原先的30分单选题变成了两篇完型填空，每篇15个空，1空1分，考查的知识点和原先单选差不多，有词汇辨析，连词，介词选择，等。

第一篇完型是有关目前中国越来越多的人通过做整骨手术来提升身高，不是特别难。

第二篇没太看懂，不过填空也不算很难。

第二部分阅读，共40分，前两篇客观阅读，每篇文章10个选择，共20分，非常简单，第一篇阅读讲的是美国五大湖区的亚洲鲤鱼泛滥，对当地生态造成威胁。

第二篇讲的是提高急重病人的医疗条件。

第三篇主观阅读，有5个匹配题，就是给文章任意地方挖5个空，然后后面给5个选项匹配，还有三个文中词语解释，最后两个问答。

这篇应该讲的是美国中的少数族裔在美国的一些问题，不是很难，主要是解释词语略难。

第二篇阅读讲的是不确定性的问题，两个题，第一题中分成5问，问答，第2题是让你用自己的语言解释文中5个句子，这篇阅读很难。

第三部分写作，首先给了你一篇谷歌利用人工智能辅助翻译的文章，让你写一个100字左右summary,10分。

然后是让你根据问题写一篇关于机器翻译的文章。

问题有:1你知道现在机器翻译的应用范围有多广，运用在哪些方面 2有人说未来机器翻译会代替人工翻译，谈谈你的看法。

3谷歌中的技术如何影响到如今的机器翻译。

要求文章不少于300字，比较简单。

总的来说今年基础英语挺难的。

二.英语翻译基础 1词条互译 a汉译英:1君子合而不同 2礼尚往来 3民以食为天 4天下兴亡，匹夫有责 5海阔凭鱼跃，天高任鸟飞 6苟利社稷，生死以之 7胚胎干细胞 8彩超9临终关怀 10办公自动化 11慢性腹泻 12战略合作伙伴关系 b.英译汉:1domino effect 2Justice has long arms. 3Procrastination is the thief of time. 4A hedge between keeps friendship green. 5Plato is dear to me,but dearer still is the truth 6Reading make a full man,conference a ready man,and writing an exact man.7cerebral concussion 8obsessive compulsive disorder 9embryonic stem cell 今年英汉互译很多谚语，较难。

西安交通大学翻译硕士M T I考研真题,考研经验(共3页)--本页仅作为文档封面，使用时请直接删除即可----内页可以根据需求调整合适字体及大小--西安交通大学翻译硕士MTI考研真题，考研经验基础英语一、词汇与语法（30个选择题，30分）难度大概在专四与专八之间二、阅读（40分）前两篇各有5道选择题后两篇共有5道问答题，但每道大题中又含几个小题。

第一篇从世上最小的心脏-hummering bird的心脏（还是humming bird忘记了，但不影响做题）讲到最重的心脏- bule whale的心脏，最后引到人的heart。

第二篇与人类基因谱图研究有关。

第三篇讲the duality of language，这篇最长，文章能看懂，但是做题感觉很不顺。

第四篇与residence professionalism有关，有新旧两种。

文后的问题，第一个是给其中两个段落取标题。

四篇文章都很长，是真的很长。

这份卷子一共是18页，其中除了前3页是第一大题，后2页是第三大题，剩下的都是阅读。

三、作文（30分）题目给了一段材料，长度几近一页半，材料后给出三个大问题，每个大问题中又含几个小问题，让你在作文中要回答这些问题，字数要求是400字左右。

材料是与中国的教育有关的，主要就是填鸭式教育，因为时间有点紧，我只大概扫了一遍，所以印象不太清了。

能够记得的几点问题有：1. Howwill u describe the “banking” education narrated in the passage What roles dou think teachers and students play2. Howdeep do u agree with the narration Based on ur personal experience in theuniversity, which level do u think the education u received is fit into Please explain the reasons for such results.3. Pleaseuse analogy to describe a new classroom relationship between the teacher andstudents.应该还有几点我遗落的，实在想不起来了。

硕士英语综合教程1 （课后答案）目录Unit 1 Low Carbon Economy(1) Bending under the weight of the packs, sweating, they climbed steadily in the pine forest that covered the mountainside.(2) Concentrating on time passing, as we do when bored, will trigger brain activity which will make it seem as though the clock is ticking more slowly.(3) Unemployment shot up in France during the second quarter, and the country’s top finance official said the situation will continue to aggravate even if a global economic recovery gathers pace. It was the worst quarterly unemployment in France since early 2006.(4) As social practice continues to develop, we should keep renewing our ideas and make innovations courageously in light of practical needs.(5) Bicycles are regarded as an economical alternative to buses whose fares have increased 3 times in the past few years.(6) The U.S. government has called on people to save water because the scarcity of water has become a source of globaltension ecologically, economically and politically. (7) In order to be a recognized leader in the industry, it’s essential for a company to improve production quality and tap the overseas market through the help of state of the art technologies and equipment.(8) If you are thinking about coming to Britain for Christmas, it might be a good idea to think again. That’s because thousands of Christmas travelers have been stranded in the UK as adverse weather conditions caused massive disruption to the transport infrastructure.unit 2Translate the following sentences into English. (1) Aliens in China shall abide by Chinese law and no behaviors will endanger the national security of China , harm its public interests or disturb its public order.(2) Love doesn’t lie in gazing at each other but in looking forward together in the same direction.(3) When learning any foreign language, one has to learn, first and foremost, its new phonological and grammar systems, which means acquiring a totally unfamiliar set of language learning habits.(4) Financial experts suggest that to the women under 30, the income of this phase in general is the lowest.(5) China will increase dialogue and co operation with the United States and the international community to crack down on all forms of terrorist activities.(6) Now it is time to make a well organized schedule from the list, so you need to put first and urgent things first and set the high priorities.(7) In accordance with your request I am sending sample pages of the dictionary and meanwhile, your valuable suggestions on amendment are welcomed.(8) In addition, advertisers appeal to the desire for health and prestige, to the desire to be in style, to pride, and to envy and jealousy.Unit 3 Culture Shock1Confucianism has a long history and a profound impact on China ’s politics, ideology, science, culture, art; it is an important part of traditional Chinese culture.2 In fact, what we have done with the products over the past for years and will do in the future coincide with the requirement of WTO.3 Religious and cultural diversity in a globalizing world needs to be used as the promotion of social justice, tolerance and understanding, as well as internationalpeace and security, and not as a rationale for a new ideological and political confrontation.4 The initial period of marriage involves more than accommodating to the presence and habits of another person.5 Whether you’ve used the software before or not, you may already be familiar with some of its features, but the new version represents a major milestone in the progression of its development.6 By default, when you delete files on most Windows systems the files are not really deleted, they are instead moved into the Recycle Bin, so they still take up disk space.7 The effect of the pain killer will naturally wear off within a few hours, but its advantage is that it has few side effects.8 Ecological civilization is the only way to global sustainable development, the best approach to saving the earth’s ecosystem, and the inevitable choice of human development.Unit 4 Artificial Intelligencea. Chinese to English1) Translate the following sentences into English. (1) It often happens, however, that thinking lags behindreality; this is because man’s cognition is limited by numerous social conditions.(2) Something big was in the offing, so big that the workers at the Simonson plant had been virtually placed under arrest to prevent any information from leaking out. (3) Only by understanding the nature of thinking mode, can man bring forth new ideas in philosophy, and the crux of philosophical innovation lies in the change of man’s thinking mode.(4) From then on, he struggled in his attempts to overcome his humble origins and insinuate himself into upper class society.(5) It’s a far cry from the days when I was just a clerk in a supermarket and nobody paid me any attention. (6) The invention of microprocessors set the stage for the arrival of the microcomputer, or personal computer—an affordable machine for the masses.(7) So there’s no such thing as an enemy in absolute terms. The enemies we fight are only in relative terms, constantly changing with the times.(8) Taiwan , viewed from the historical facts and the international law, is beyond dispute one part of Chinesesacred territory and it is an inviolable mission of the entire Chinese people to reunify the motherland.Unit 6a. Chinese to English1) Translate the following sentences into English. (1) There are a lot more wonderful and exciting things waiting for you in New Beijing, a dynamic modern metropolis with 3,000 years of cultural and historical treasures woven into the urban prosperity.(2) He is such an enthusiastic football fan that he tends to hold forth on his favorite team whenever it is mentioned.(3) The educational system has to be able to outfit the young generation with necessary knowledge, attitudes and values that would ensure they are in time for the new age in which there might be no jobs but only opportunities.(4) The anxious mother searched high and low for her missing son, only to find him sleeping sound in the mess of toys in his own bedroom.(5) In order to find better detection and treatment, the hospital will actively cooperate with a local research institute to look for genetic markers that correlate with this chronic disease.(6) The accounting system of an enterprise consists of the methods, procedures, and devices used by an economic entity to keep track of its financial activities and to summarize these activities.(7) When she graduated from college, Cindy decided to go back to work in the orphanage where she had been brought up, because her heart was overstuffed with gratitude and warmth for those who had generously helped her in her growth and she wanted to be like them also to give help to the kids who had lost their parents.(8) NASA planned to splurge on the feasibility of the project of sending astronauts to Mars and having them settle down on it.Unit 7 Chinese to English1) Translate the following sentences into English. (1) Now people in Tibet are highly conscious of the importance of protecting wild animals, and the once rampant hunting of Tibetan antelopes has been brought under control.(2) The journalist had been traveling a lot lately—to Iceland to interview the famous actress there; to Hollywood for the Oscars—but he was stingy with details.(3) We should adhere to the policy of expanding domestic demand, continue to implement the proactive fiscal policy and prudent monetary policy, and ensure a double pull effect on economic growth from both consumption demand and investment demand.(4) The employees of the Human Resource Department have to sift through very carefully the application forms that just came in this morning to separate the wheat from the chaff.(5) Making its debut in 1994, Friends and its cast of easygoing single people caught on with viewers looking for an escape from the fast paced 1990s.(6) On the new Pocket PCs, the interface looks more like Palm’s, complete with larger icons and fewer pull down menus.(7) Over the next five years, he continued to evolve his own unique musical style—a style that would become the template for a whole new musical genre.(8) What I love most is to arrive in a place I have never been before and immerse myself in a new culture and environment—to experience first hand what I thought I knew, but which turns out to be much more interesting and surprising once you are there.。

日语：1.20个词汇单选20个文法单选（20分，0.5一个） 2.完型20个 3.阅读分4篇，一个题2分共40分 4.翻译5个全部中译日共10分 5.作文，关于环境保护的个人认为可以看看二级文法，还有多做题练手基础英语：题型基本没变化，题量依然很大
专业课：
文学1.填空15个，不难，不过今年有一个题问上帝第一天创造了啥?
2.名词解释，modernism american renaissance first-person narrative
3.简答:真的记不清了，有thomas hardy naturalism等
4.问答一首诗Richard cory 还有文学不只是表达思想也可以让世界更美好，谈谈你的看法
语言学
1.单选15个，不难，正常的知识点
2.名词解释，allomorph synchronic linguistics minimai pair
3.简答用树状图分析the spy saw the cop with a telescop的歧义问题还有，componential analysis 是什么？分析两个句子，一个是television drank water....horse write .......记不全了
4.合作原则的四个maxim sapir-whorf hypothesis关于什么，什么了理论反对它。

一、单选题（共25 道试题，共50 分。

）V1. —Who is that speaking? —This is Tom ____________ .A. speaksB. spokeC. speakingD. saying 正确答案： C 满分： 2 分2. The __________ doesn ' t cover household items.A. intelligenceB. insuranceC. instanceD. insult 正确答案：B 满分： 2 分3. The __________ doesn ' t cover household items.A. intelligenceB. insuranceC. instanceD. insult正确答案： B 满分： 2 分4. —My birthday is tomorrow. —____________________ .A. Ho, I have no idea.B. I 'm glad you like it.C. Many happy returns of the day!D. You must be very happy. 正确答案：C 满分： 2 分5. I had my meals _______ when I was ill in bed with a bad cold.A. to bringB. bringC. brought正确答案： C 满分： 2 分6. She' s part of a team of scientists who are ________ upon cancer research.A. workedB. arrangedC. engagedD. involved正确答案： C 满分： 2 分7. Students should be encouraged to use ___ Internet as ___ resource.A. /; aB. /; theC. the; theD. the; a正确答案： D 满分： 2 分8. —Please help yourself to some seafood. —_________________.A. No, I can ' t.B. Sorr y, I can ' t help.C. Well, seafood don ' t suit.D. Thanks, but I don ' t like seafood.正确答案： D 满分： 2 分9. Please prepare the medicine for me according to this.A. prescriptionB. descriptionC. inscriptionD. subscription正确答案： A 满分： 2 分10. Tourism has ____________ agriculture as the nation ' s main industry.A. recalledB. reckonedC. redirected正确答案： D 满分： 2 分11. —___________________ —Well, they got there last Wednesday. So about a week.A. How long have your parents been in Paris?B. When did your parents arrive at Paris?C. Did your parents arrive at Paris last Wednesday?D. When will your parents go to Paris?正确答案： A 满分： 2 分12. —Can I get you a cup of tea? —________________________ .A. That 's very kind of you.B. With pleasure.C. You can, please.D. Thank you for the tea.正确答案： A 满分： 2 分13. This fire extinguisher is to be used only in case of ____________ .A. urgencyB. crisisC. immediacyD. emergency正确答案： D 满分： 2 分14. The girl is _________ of a film star.A. somebodyB. somethingC. anybodyD. anything正确答案： B 满分： 2 分15. —Who is that speaking? —This is Tom _____________ .A. speaksB. spokeC. speaking正确答案： C 满分： 2 分16. There's a lot of public _______ about dangerous toxins recently found in food.A. concernB. conceptC. conductD. conflict正确答案： A 满分： 2 分17. Many ____ shops will be forced to close if the new supermarket is built.A. localB. broadC. generalD. public正确答案： A 满分： 2 分18. Stocks are regarded as a good long-term ____________ .A. involvementB. installmentC. investmentD. instrument正确答案： C 满分： 2 分19. One potential danger is ___ the information could be used by others to your disadvantage.A. thatB. whatC. itD. which正确答案： A 满分： 2 分20. —Mike injured his leg playing football yesterday. —Really? ______________ .A. Who did that?B. What 's wrong with him?C. How did that happen?D. Why was he so careless?正确答案： C 满分： 2 分21. —Mike injured his leg playing football yesterday. —Really? ______________ .A. Who did that?B. What 's wrong with him?C. How did that happen?D. Why was he so careless?正确答案： C 满分： 2 分22. —___________________ —He teaches physics at a school.A. What does your father want to do?B. Who is your father?C. How is your father?D. What is your father?正确答案： D 满分： 2 分23. —My birthday is tomorrow. — ___________________ .A. Ho, I have no idea.B. I 'm glad you like it.C. Many happy returns of the day!D. You must be very happy.正确答案： C 满分： 2 分24.____________ —Well, they got there last Wednesday. So about a week.A. How long have your parents been in Paris?B. When did your parents arrive at Paris?C. Did your parents arrive at Paris last Wednesday?D. When will your parents go to Paris?正确答案： A 满分： 2 分25. Contrary to expectations, the film was successful _________ when it was released.A. currentlyB. fastC. readilyD. instantly正确答案： D 满分： 2 分二、阅读理解（共 3 道试题，共30 分。

西安外国语学院翻译硕士考研真题及答案西安外国语学院（回忆）
翻译硕士英语
一、单选，六级-专八水平。

二、改错：5个。

三、阅读：专八水平。

第一篇简单。

最后一篇问答题的形式，介绍全球变暖。

四、作文：论education是否是success的重要因素。

英语翻译基础
一、名词翻译：
突发公共卫生事件pubic health event
局域网Local Area Network
科学发展观Scientific Development View
国土资源部Ministry of Land and Resources
交通银行Cank of Communications
再生纸recycled writing paper
US department of justice美国司法部
data protection law数据保护法
dairy queen黛莉冰淇淋
airbus空中客车公司
trophy child模范儿童
二、英译汉：卡梅伦在G20的演讲和国内的演讲。

三、汉译英：深圳市介绍，丝绸之路。

汉语写作与百科知识
一、去年考过的李白飘逸之美、系统科学又出现了，另有三吏，七艺，基因工程，细胞学说等。

共25个名解。

二、新闻编译。

三、作文题是探讨形式与内容，立意自拟。

2003年西安交通大学工程硕士英语考试卷（B）学院学号姓名Time Limit: 3 hoursPart I: Structure and VocabularyDirections: In this section there are 40 sentences. For each sentence there are4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer to eachone.(20 points)1. This is a very ______ edition. I have never seen such an edition beforethough I have been a librarian for more than ten years.[A] rare [B] unique [C]scarce [D] only2. This book will be of great ______ to you in your studies.[A] cost [B] value[C] assessment[D] appreciation3. The doctor should have warned the patient of the possible side effects______ to commencing the treatment.[A] fundamental[B] elementary [C] primary [D] prior4. The police have asked for the ______ of the public in tracing thewhereabouts of the missing child.[A] aid [B] advice[C] co-operation [D] recession5. Mrs. Smith said that she did not want to ______ any furtherresponsibilities.[A] take on [B] get on [C] look up [D] back up6. Your usual teacher has lost his voice, and ______I am taking his placetoday.[A] nevertheless [B] accordingly [C] however [D] moreover7. Today, household chores（家事杂务）have been made much easier byelectrical ______.[A] apparatus[B] equipment [C] facilities [D] appliances8. She has bought a pair of glasses, which she can never ______ when readingbooks.[A] do without [B] lay out[C] put down [D] run through9. The results show, as ______ that heart disease is most common in peoplewho are overweight.[A] promised [B] expected [C] assured [D] supposed10. There’s a ______ to what I can do for you.[A] control [B] regulation [C] limit [D] condition11. In this job you must ______ the problems and not run away from them.[A] face up to [B] make up for [C] look up to [D] hold on to12. It took the old lady almost three months to ______ her illness.[A] get over [B] go over[C] get through [D] go through13. I am very grateful for your assistance, and hope that one day I may be ableto do something for you ______.[A] on your own [B] in view[C] in turn [D] in return14. The car ______ on the way home.[A] laid down [B] kept down [C] broke down[D] ran down15. ______ the weather is concerned, I do not think it matters.[A] As far as [B] As a whole[C] As a rule [D] As long as16. Chinese dinner usually has seven ______.[A] dishes [B] plates [D] meats [D] courses17. We’ll have to leave fairly ______ if we want to catch the first bus.[A] properly [B] efficiently [C] promptly [D] effectively18. None of the servants were ______ when Mr. Smith wanted to send amessage.[A] available [B] approachable [C] advisable [DI applicable19. The repairs to your car will cost you ______ $35.[A] at large[B] at all costs [C] at once [D] at most20. Only thoroughly unpleasant people leave the ______ of the countryside.[A] remains [B] recreation[C] replacement [D] rest21. With the spring here you can ______ these ski boots till you need themagain next winter.[A] get rid of [B] give away[C] put away [D] do away with22. The secretary was so upset that it took quite a long time to ______ her.[A] praise[B] comfort [C] annoy [D] entertain23. It is beyond doubt that human beings cannot ______ a nuclear war.[A] survive [B] endure [C] maintain [D] suspect24. His colleagues and former students compiled and published his essays______ his thirty years’ service with the university.[A] in honor of [B] in favor of [C] in return for[D] in place of25. ______ such a good chance, he planned to learn more.[A] To be given [B] Having been given[C] Having given [D] Giving26. If it ______ too much trouble, I’d love a cup of tea.[A] isn’t [B] weren’t [C] wasn’t [D] hadn’t been27.My sister’s professor had her ______ her paper many times beforeallowing her to present it to the committee.[A] rewritten [B] to rewrite [C] rewrite [D] rewriting28.They are considering ______ before the prices go up.[A] of buying the house [B] with buying the house[C] buying the house [D] to buy the house29. Jone said that he was going to ______ his wife home next year.[A] advise [B] depart[C] discard [D] accompany30. One of his novels is said ______ into dozens of languages in the lastdecade.[A] to have been translated [B] to be translated[C] to translate [D] to have translate31. Should the opportunity ______ I’d like to visit China.[A] arise [B] arise [C] rise [D] raise32. All ______ is a continuous supply of the basic necessities of life.[A] what is needed [B] for our needs[C] the thing needed [D] that is needed33.______ with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does notseem high at all.[A] Comparing [B] Compare[C] While comparing [D] When compared34.______ she first heard of the man referred to as a specialist.[A] That was from Stephen [B] It was Stephen whom[C] It was from Stephen that [D] It was Stephen that35.He must have had an accident, or he ______.[A] would have been here [B] had to be here[C] should be here [D] would be here36. It was essential that the application forms ______ back before the deadline.[A] must be sent [B] would be sent [C] be sent [D] were sent37. We ______ our breakfast when an old man came to the door.[A] just have had [B] have just had[C] just had [D] had just had38. I like watching TV ______ to the cinema.[A] more than to go [B] than going[C] more than going [D] rather than to go39. The manager promised to keep me ______ of how our business was goingon.[A] to be informed [B] informed [C] on informing [D] informing40. She never laughed, ______ lose her temper.[A] or she ever did [B] nor she ever did[C] or did she ever [D] nor did she everPart II: Reading ComprehensionDirections: In this part, you’ll read five passages. After each passage, there are four questions for you to answer, please mark your answers onyour answer sheet.(40 points)Passage 1When we think of creative people the names that probably spring to mind are those of men such as Leonardo da Vince, Albert Einstein, and Pablo Picasso, a select exceptionally gifted body of men with rare talent and genius. The tendency to regard creativity and imaginative thinking as the exclusive province of a lucky few disregards the creative and imaginative aspects inherent in the solution of many of the tasks we regularly have to see –the discovery and development of new methods and techniques, the improvement of old methods, existing invention and products.Everyone has creative ability to some extent. Creative thinking involves posing oneself a problem and then originating or inventing a solution along new unconventional lines. It involves drawing new analogies, discovering new combinations, and/or new applications of things that are already known. It follows that a creative person will exhibit great intellectual curiosity and imagination. He will be alert and observant with a great store of information he will be able to sort out and combine, in the solution of problem. He will be emotionally receptive to new and unconventional ideas and will be less interested in facts than in their implications. Most important of all he will beable to communicate uninhibitedly and will not be too concerned about otherpeople’s reaction to his apparently ― crazy‖ notions. People called the Wrightbrothers mad but it did not stop them from becoming the first men to constructand fly a heavier-than-air craft.41. The author believes that creative thinking ______.[A] is only possessed by great artists[B] requires rare talent and genius[C] is needed in the solution of many problems[D] belongs to a lucky few42. In order to solve scientific problems, people ______.[A]should not be afraid of what others think[B]should be mad[C]must possess crazy notions[D]should have inhibitions43. Creative thinking involves ______.[A] drawing new pictures of old things[B] observing the actions of great people1.[C2.[D44. A creative person must look at facts ______.[A] for their face-value [B] for what they imply[C] and remember them [D] which are less interestingPassage TwoThe school obviously plays an important part in your whole education.But what part? Is it just a place – a place where you go to read your textbooks,to write, to hear people talking with you? Is it just an institution –aninstitution which is approved by the Government, which pays the salaries ofyour teachers, which issues periodic reports on you to your parents, whichrewards you, which punishes you, which gives you an official grading for youryear’s work?It is, certainly, both these things –a place and an institution. But it isneither as a place nor as an institution that the school contributes most to youreducation. It is as a gathering of people that the school is of greatest value toyou educationally.It is people who bring a building to life, and people who determine thesuccess or failure of an institution. So it is people who must rate highest inyour assessment of the educational value of your school.There are lots of arguments about what education really is. But someone perceptive once said that ―education is what’s left over when you have forgotten all that you’ve learned.‖Education does not consist in remembering a particular theorem or date or definition or formula. It does not consist in getting a couple of credits and distinctions in the public exam at the end of the year. It does not consist in doing schoolwork that enables you to join a particular social class later on. All these things are the by-products of education.Genuine education is deeper: it is more a part of yourself. It gives you certain attitudes which are more permanent than selected facts. It gives you a training in reasoning. It gives you mental self-restraint: you get into the habit of looking at both sides of the question before coming to a decision. It gives you a respect for truth. It gives you a respect for people.45. According to the writer, the school is of greatest value to us educationallyas ______.[A] a place for us to have lessons and read books[B] an institution to issue periodic reports to our parents[C] an institution to assess our schoolwork[D] a gathering of people46. People must be considered as the most important factor when we assess theeducational value of the school, because it is people who ______.3.[A] build the school4.[B] live in the school[C] determine the success or failure of the school[D] will leave us a deep impression47. According to the passage, teachers who want to give their students a trueeducation will probably ______.5.[A] encourage students to make contact with other people in the school6.[B] not prepare their students for passing examinations7.[C] ask students to do more school work8.[D] feel satisfied when students get credits for their work48. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?9.[A] Real education consists in getting some distinctions in publicexams.[B] Remembering theorems or definitions is only a by-product ofeducation[C] Today people have the same opinion on education.[D] Education is what can be easily forgotten.Passage ThreeThe young people who talk of the village as being ―dead‖ are talking utter nonsense, as in their hearts they must surely know.No, the village is not dead. There is more life in it now than there ever was. But paradoxically (是似而非地), ―village life‖ is dead. Gone forever. It began to decline about a hundred years ago, when many girls left home to go into service in towns many miles away, and men likewise (in the same way) left home in increasing numbers in search of wok, and home was where work was. There are still a number of people alive today who can remember what ―village life‖ meant in the early years of the present century. It meant knowing and being known be everybody else in the village. It meant finding your entertainment in the village or within walking distance of it. It meant housewives tied to the home all day and every day. It meant going to bed early to economize in lamp oil and coal.Then came the First World War and the Second World War. After each war, new ideas, new attitudes, new trades and occupations were revealed to villagers. The long-established order of society was no longer taken for granted. Electricity and the motorcar were steadily operating to make ―village life‖ and ―town life‖ indistinguishable. Now with the highly developed science and technology and high-level social welfare for all, there is no point whatever in talking any longer about ―village life‖. It is just life, and that a better life.Finally, if we have any doubts about the future, or about the many changes that we have seen in our lives, we have only to look in at the school playground any mid-morning, or see the children as they walk homeward in little groups. Obviously these children are better fed, better clothed, better educated, healthier, prettier and happier than any generation of children that ever before walked the village street.49. By saying that village is not dead, but ―village life‖ is dead, the writersuggests that .[A] those young people who talk of the villa ge as being ―dead‖ are utterlywrong[B] this statement is paradoxical[C] ―village life‖ today is rather uninteresting[D] ―village life‖ today is no longer like what it used to be50. As is suggested in paragraph 2, villagers in the past .[A] lived a simpler life than villagers today[B] knew fewer people than villagers today[C] found it difficult to enjoy themselves[D] liked to wash themselves with cold water51. What happened to the villagers after two wars?[A] Many girls left home to go into service in towns many miles away.[B] New ideas, new attitudes, new trades and occupations were revealed tovillagers.[C] They are better fed, better clothed, better educated, healthier, prettierand happier.[D] The long-established order of society was no longer taken for granted.52. From the passage we can see that the writer’s attitude toward ―village life‖is .[A] negative [B] positive [C] neutral [D] unclearPassage 4Two-and three-year-old children sleeping less than 10 hours in a 24-hour period were consistently at greatest risk for behavior problems such as oppositional or rebellious behavior, ―acting out‖ behaviors, and attack, reported the team of Northwestern University scientists conducting the study.Preschoolers（学龄前儿童）who sleep less at night have almost 25% greater chance of mental diagnosis, according to the study, published in the June issue of Children’s Development and Behaviors.Measuring the relationship between sleep and daytime behavior on the Child Behavior Checklist, the researchers found lower amounts of necessary sleep time, including daytime naps, were related to increased behavior problems.The scientists found that specific ―doses‖ of lengths of sleep were most strongly related to behavioral problems in children two or three years old but this effect faded out with the four-and five-year-olds.The study of 510 children from two to five years old did not attempt to determine causal relationships between sleep and behavior problems, cautioned John V. Lavigne, Ph. D., who headed the seven-member team of researchers conducting the study.Lavigne said, ―The relationship between sleep and daytime behavior problems may exist because children have those problems, or because daytime behavior problems cause children to sleep less, or because of a third variable（变量）such as the child’s character, the parents’ ability to structure sleep arrangements and daytime behavior, or because there is some interaction effect that produces a two-sided influence between sleep and behavior problems. There could also be a direct effect, biochemical, for example.‖―It’s an area that is relatively unexplored, compared with what is known about young children’s sleep patterns, for example, says Lavigne. ―Those sleep patterns decline from an average of 13 hours per night at age two to 9.5 hours at age six.‖53. What does the phrase ―at risk‖ in Paragraph 3 mean?[A] in danger [B] in sight [C] in part [D] in vain54. What did the study reveal about the preschoolers if they sleep less?[A]They are very rebellious.[B]More than 25% of them go to see mental doctors.[C]Their daytime behaviors are equally affected.[D] They are 25% more likely to be mentally diagnosed.55. The relationship between children’s sleep and behavior problems can beexplained as the following EXCEPT that ______.[A] fewer sleeping hours cause behavior problems[B] bad behaviors lead to less sleep[C] the parents are able to help them to sleep[D] sleep and behavior problems affect each other56. What can we infer about children’s sleep from this passage?[A] The younger they are, the more sleep they should have.[B] People have learned more about their sleep patterns than theirbehaviors.[C] Older children have more serious problems because they have fewerhours of sleep.[D] Children can sleep well if they want to.Passage FiveScientists working on a problem do not know and sometimes can’t guess what the final result will be. Late on Friday, 8 November, 1895, Professor Rontgen, a German physicist, was doing an experiment in his laboratory when he noticed something extraordinary. He had covered an electric bulb with black cardboard, and when he switched on the current he saw little dancing lights on his table. Now the bulb was completely covered; how then could any ray penetrate? On the table there were some pieces of paper which had beencovered with metal salts. It was on this paper that the lights were shining. Professor Rontgen took a piece of this paper and held it at a distance from the lamp. Between it and the lamp he placed a variety of objects, a book, a pack of cards, a piece of wood and a door key. The ray penetrated every one of them except the key. He called his wife into the laboratory and asked her to hold her hand between the lamp and a photographic plate. She was very surprised by this request, but she held up her hand for a quarter of an hour, and when the plate was developed there was a picture of the bones of her hand and of the ring on one finger. The mysterious ray would pass through the flesh and not through the bone or the ring.At a scientific meeting, Professor Rontgen called this new ray ―the unknown‖, the X-ray. Doctors quickly saw how this could be used, and soon there were X-ray machines in all the big hospitals. The most obvious use for this discovery was to enable doctors to see exactly how a bone was fractured. Other uses came later. It was found that these rays could be used to destroy cancer cells, just as they destroyed the healthy cells of the doctors who first used the machines. Methods were found later by which ulcers in the stomach could be located, and the lungs could be X-rayed to show if there was any tuberculosis (肺结核) present.57. How did Professor Rontgen discover the X-ray?[A] He discovered it as the result of his carefully-planned experiments.[B] He discovered it by accident while he was doing an experiment.[C] He discovered it because of his wife’s good suggestion and help.[D] He discovered it with the help of other physicists.58.According to paragraph 1, what caused the strange dancing lights onProfessor Rontgen’s table in the laboratory?[A] The electric bulb and the cardboard.[B] The current and the table.[C] The unknown rays and the paper itself.[D] The penetrating rays and the metal salts.59. Professor Rongtgen found that the X-ray could ______.[A] cause the metal to shine [B] penetrate everything but metal[C] pass through both flesh and bone [D] penetrate only black cardboard60. From the information provided in paragraph 2, we can infer that the letter―X‖ in ―X-ray‖ means ______.[A] penetrating [B] dangerous [C] unknown [D] strangePart III:ClozeDirections:Choose the best answer for each blank in the following passage from the choices given afterwards.(10 points)Everyone seems to be in favor of progress. But ―progress‖ is a f unny word. It doesn’t 1 mean that something has becomes stronger, wiser or better. It simply means changing it from being one thing to another and sometimes it 2 out to be worse than before.3 medicine, for instance. No one can deny that medical progress has enriched our lives tremendously. Because of medical4 , we eat better, live easier and are able to take care of ourselves more efficiently. We can cure disease with no more than one injection5 a pill. If we have a serious accident, surgeons can put us6 together again. If we are born7 something defective, they can repair it. They can make us happy, restore our sanity, ease our pain, replace8 parts and give us children. They can even bring us back from the dead. These are wonderful achievements, but there is a9 we have to pay.Because medicine has reduced infant mortality and natural death so significantly, the population has been 10 steadily, in spite of serious 11 to reduce the rate of population growth. Less than a century ago in the United States, infant mortality 12 more than half of the newborn 13 the first year of life. Medical advances, 14 , have now reduced that rate to nearly zero. A child born in the United States today has 15 than a 90 per cent chance of 16 . Furthermore, medical advances have ensured that most of those infants will live to be seventy years of age 17 more, and even that life 18 increases every year. The result of this progress is enormous population increase that threatens the 19 of life, brought 20 by progress in the medical profession.1. [A] necessarily [B] nearly [C] basically [D] commonly2. [A] comes [B] gets [C] makes [D] turns3. [A] See [B] Take [C] Consider [D] Look4. [A] improvements [B] advancements [C] function [D] care5. [A] or [B] and [C] neither [D] either6. [A] back [B] up [C] through [D] across7. [A] of [B] from [C] out [D] with8. [A] tired [B] weary [C] worn [D] fatigued9. [A] cost [B] bill [C] price [D] check10. [A] arising [B] rising [C] raising [D] arousing11. [A] efforts [B] effects [C] problems [D] events12. [A] exclaimed [B] proclaimed [C] reclaimed [D] claimed13. [A] over [B] within [C] between [D] among14. [A] however [B] though [C] moreover [D] besides15. [A] more [B] greater [C] bigger [D] better16. [A] life [B] survival [C] existence [D] subsistence17. [A] and [B] but [C] or [D] much18. [A] expenditure [B] expectancy [C] expense [D] expectation19. [A] standard [B] level [C] quality [D] way20. [A] out [B] forward [C] forth [D] aboutPart IV: Translation from English into Chinese (15 points)(1) For many people today, reading is no longer relaxation. (2) To keep up their work they must read letters, reports, trade publications, interoffice communications, not to mention newspapers and magazines: a never-ending flood of words. (3) In getting a job or advancing in one, the ability to read and comprehend quickly can mean the difference between success and failure. (4) Yet the unfortunate fact is that most of us are poor readers.(5) The main deficiency lies in the actual stuff of language itself—words.(6) Take individually, words have little meaning until they are strung together into phrases, sentences and paragraphs.(7) Unfortunately, however, the untrained reader does not read group of words. (8) He laboriously reads one word at a time, often regressing to reread words of passages. (9) Regression, the tendency to look back over what you have just read, is a common bad habit in reading. (10) Another habit that slows down the speed of reading is vocalization(发声)—sounding each word either orally or mentally as one reads.Part V: WritingA. Title: The Way to SuccessB. Word limit: about 200 words (not including the given opening sentence)C. Your essay should be based on the Outline below and should start withthe given opening sentence: ―People do their best to achieve success in their careers.‖You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)西安交通大学工程硕士英语试题答案（B）学院学号姓名Part 1 Vocabulary and Structure (20 points)1. [A]2. [B]3. [A] [B] [C] [D]4. [A] [B] [C][D]5. [A]6. [B]7. [A] [B] [C] [D] 8. [A] [B] [C] [D]9. [A] [B] [C] [D] 10. [A] [B] [C] [D] 11. [A] [B] [C] [D] 12. [A] [B] [C] [D] 13. [A] [B] [C] [D] 14. [A] [B] [C] [D] 15. [A] [B] [C] [D] 16. [A] [B] [C] [D] 17. [A] [B] [C] [D] 18. [A] [B] [C] [D] 19. [A] [B] [C] [D] 20. [A] [B] [C] [D] 21. [A] [B] [C] [D] 22. [A] [B] [C] [D] 23. [A] [B] [C] [D] 24. [A] [B] [C] [D] 25. [A] [B] [C] [D] 26. [A] [B] [C] [D] 27. [A] [B] [C] [D] 28. [A] [B] [C] [D] 29. [A] [B] [C] [D] 30. [A] [B] [C] [D] 31. [A] [B] [C] [D] 32. [A] [B] [C] [D] 33. [A] [B] [C] [D] 34. [A] [B] [C] [D] 35. [A] [B] [C] [D] 36. [A] [B] [C] [D] 37. [A] [B] [C] [D] 38. [A] [B] [C] [D] 39. [A] [B] [C] [D] 40. [A] [B] [C] [D]Part II Reading Comprehension (40 points)41. [A] [B] [C] [D] 42. [A] [B] [C] [D] 43. [A] [B] [C] [D] 44. [A] [B] [C] [D] 45. [A] [B] [C] [D] 46. [A] [B] [C] [D] 47. [A] [B] [C] [D] 48. [A] [B] [C] [D] 49. [A] [B] [C] [D] 50. [A] [B] [C] [D] 51. [A] [B] [C] [D] 52. [A] [B] [C] [D] 53. [A] [B] [C] [D] 54. [A] [B] [C] [D] 55. [A] [B] [C] [D] 56. [A] [B] [C] [D] 57. [A] [B] [C] [D] 58. [A] [B] [C] [D]59. [A] [B] [C] [D] 60. [A] [B] [C] [D]Part III Close (10 points)1. [A] [B] [C] [D]2. [A] [B] [C] [D]3. [A] [B] [C] [D]4. [A] [B] [C] [D]5. [A] [B] [C] [D]6. [A] [B] [C] [D]7. [A] [B] [C] [D] 8. [A] [B] [C] [D]9. [A] [B] [C] [D] 10. [A] [B] [C] [D] 11. [A] [B] [C] [D] 12. [A] [B] [C] [D] 13. [A] [B] [C] [D] 14. [A] [B] [C] [D] 15. [A] [B] [C] [D] 16. [A] [B] [C] [D] 17. [A] [B] [C] [D] 18. [A] [B] [C] [D] 19. [A] [B] [C] [D] 20. [A] [B] [C] [D]Part VI Translation (15 points)今天，对于许多人来说，阅读已不再是一种消遣。