茎尖培养脱毒法概述茎尖培养脱毒就是采取茎尖分生组织离体培养的方法获取无病毒试管苗，其方法是在解剖镜下，用锋利的解剖刀进行迅速准确地茎尖剥离，因为茎尖分生组织基本不带病毒，利用植物茎尖分生组织进行离体培养，再结合病毒检测，就可以获得无病毒的植株。
茎尖培养中最主要的影响因素就是切取茎尖的大小，一般要求茎尖长度小于1mm。
技术上通常切取茎尖越小，脱毒效果越好，但是茎尖培养成活率变低。
曹为玉等研究发现葡萄茎尖长度与存活率成正相关，与脱毒率成反相关。
当切取茎尖长度为0.2~0.3mm时，存活率为21%~38%，脱毒率为91.4%~97%；当切取0.5mm以上时，存活率为75%~83%，脱毒率仅为70.6%~76.5%。
茎尖培养脱毒法脱毒率高，脱毒速度快，能在较短的时间内得到较多的原种繁殖材料，但这种方法存在的缺点是植物的存活率低。
为了克服这一缺点，现在经常是将茎尖培养与热处理相结合来使用。
茎尖培养与热处理相结合之所以能够提高脱毒效果，是由于热处理可使植物生长本身所具有的顶端免疫区得以扩大，有利于切取较大的茎尖（在1mm左右），从而能够提高培养或嫁接的成活率。
如大樱桃置于45℃的恒温培养室内，培养35天，再切取0.2~0.4mm的茎尖培养，平均脱毒率为98%。
原理茎尖培养脱毒的原理是植物体内病毒靠维管束系统移动，分生组织中没有维管束存在，病毒只靠胞间连丝移动，速度很慢，难以追上生长活跃的分生组织，所以旺盛生长的根尖、茎尖一般都无病毒或很少有病毒分布。
Shoot tip culture of virus-free method OverviewShoot tip culture of virus-free is to take tip meristem in vitro culture methods to obtain virus-free in vitro, and its approach is endoscopic anatomy, with a sharp scalpel to the tip to divest quickly and accurately as meristem tip basic non-virus, use of plant shoot tip meristem culture in vitro, combined with virus detection, it can be virus-free plants.Shoot tip culture in the most important factor is the impact of the cut tip size, tip length is less than the general requirements of 1mm. Technical tip is usually the smaller the cut, the effect of virus-free as possible, but low survival rate of shoot tip culture. Yu Cao, such as for the study found that grape shoot tip length was positively correlated with survival, and virus-free rate as the anti-related. When the cut tip length of 0.2 ~ 0.3mm, the survival rate was 21% ~ 38%, virus-free rate was 91.4% ~ 97%; when cut more than 0.5mm, the survival rate was 75% ~ 83%, virus-free rate only 70.6% ~ 76.5%.Shoot tip culture of the high rate of virus-free method of virus-free, virus-free high speed in a short period of time most of the original species of breeding material,but the existence of the shortcomings of this approach is the low survival rate of plants. In order to overcome this shortcoming, the tip is now often a combination of training and heat treatment to use. Shoot tip culture with a combination of heat treatment have been able to increase the detoxification effect of plant growth as a result of heat treatment can have their own area of the top of the expansion of immunization and is conducive to a larger cut of the tip (in 1mm or so) in order to improve the training or graft survival rate. Such as Cherry thermostat at 45 ℃for indoor training, training for 35 days, and then cut 0.2 ~ 0.4mm of shoot tip culture, with an average rate of 98% virus-free.PrincipleShoot tip culture is the principle of detoxification plant vascular system by mobile viruses, sub-vascular Health Organization does not exist, the virus only plasmodesma moving very slow, it is difficult to catch up with the growth of active meristematic tissue, so strong root growth, shoot tip is generally little or no virus, the virus distribution.。
