alive,living,live,lively
- 格式：doc
- 大小：31.50 KB
- 文档页数：2
1）alive 意为“活着”，侧重说明生与死之间的界限，既可指人，也可指物；可用来作表语，后置定语或宾补。
虽有死的可能，但还活着。
例如：
The badly wounded soldier was still alive when taken to the hospital .
He is dead , but his dog is still alive . 他死了，但他的狗仍然还活着。
No man alive is greater than he . 在活着的人中没有人比他更伟大了。
(注：此时alive 含有“在所有活着的……之中”)
He wanted to keep the fish alive . 他想让鱼活着。
2）living意为“活着”强调说明“尚在人间”，“健在”，可用来指人或物，作定语或表语。
例如：
Comrade Wang is really a living Lei Feng in our country .
My first teacher is still living . 我的启蒙老师仍健在。
English is a living language . 英语的活的语言。
A living language should be learned through listening and speaking .
He is regarded as one of the best living writers at present . 他被认为是当代活着的最好的作家之一。
注意：living 前加上the , 表示类别，指“活着的人们”。
例如：
The living must finish the work of those dead . 活着的人必须完成那些死去的人的事业。
living 还可用于短语，例如：make a living 谋生。
3）live “活着的”，通常指物，不指人，常用来作定语放名词的前面。
还指“实况转播的”。
例如：
a live wire 有电的电线，a live fish 一条活鱼。
Do you like a live show or a recorded show ? 你是喜欢直播还是录音。
He said he had seen a live whale . 他说他看见过活鲸鱼。
make a / one's living by + ing 通过干……谋生
4）lively 则意为“活泼的”，“活跃”，“充满生气的”，可作定语、表语或宾补，既可指人，又可指物。
例如：
Jenny is a lively girl . 詹妮是个活泼的女孩。
Everything is lively here . 这儿一切都生机勃勃。
He had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting . 他有一种奇特的方法，使他的课生动有趣。
include 动词包括，包含；把……算在内
including 介词包括，包含
included 形容词（仅用于名词后）包括在内的
特别提醒：included的用法为高中教学内容，初中阶段不作要求。
课本例句：
1. It’s a famous theme park and includes four different parks. (8B P26)
2. The package includes a book and five CD-ROMs. (8B P53)
3. Many topics are covered in the course, including travel and hotels, food and drink, and
shopping and money. (8B P53)
词典例句：
1. Does the price include V A T? 这价钱是否已包括增值税在内？
2. The band played many songs, including some of my favourites.
乐队演奏了许多歌曲，包括几首我最喜爱的。
选词填空：
1. The thief stole everything in my purse, ___________ my credit cards.
2. The price for the hotel _________ breakfast.
3. Am I __________ in the team?
4. Your duties _________ making the tea.
5. The class of twenty _________ seven girls.
6. Did you _________ me when you made the list?
7. I have seen all his films, __________ the last.
8. There are six people, three women __________.
翻译句子：
1.我家有五口人，包括我在内。
2. 这个价格包括晚餐、床位和早餐。
3.全家人都病了，包括婴孩。
4. 旅游项目中包括参观科学博物馆。
5.好消息让每个人都很开心，包括我。
Keys：
选词填空：
1. The thief stole everything in my purse, including my credit cards.
2. The price for the hotel includes breakfast.
3. Am I included in the team?
4. Your duties include making the tea.
5. The class of twenty includes seven girls.
6. Did you include me when you made the list?
7. I have seen all his films, including the last.
8. There are six people, three women included.
翻译句子：
1. There are five people in my family, including me.
2. The price includes dinner, bed, and breakfast.
3. The whole family has been ill, including the baby.
4. The tour included a visit to the Science Museum.
5. The good news delighted everyone, including me.
include，included，including ①include用作及物动词，意思是“包括，包含”．②included 用作形容词，用在名词或代词后，意思是“包括在内”．③including用作介词，意思是“包括在内”．e．g．Your duties will include putting the children to bed．你的职责包括让孩子们上床睡觉．Everyone laughed，me included．每个人都笑了，包括我在内．Ten members were present at the meeting，including myself．10个人出席了会议包括我自己．。
