2020年高考英语阅读理解和任务型阅读专题(附解析)

一阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。

AWhen Johnson called again, the manager received him very politely. “That is a most remarkable oil you brought us, Mr. Johnson,” he said. Johnson nodded his smooth, dark head. That was something he knew very we ll. “I’ve never seen anything like it,” the manager admitted. Johnson nodded again. “No?” he said politely. Then he added, “But I think you will, sir. A very great deal of it.” He appeared to think for a moment. “I think you will find it will be on sale se ven, perhaps, eight years from now.” He smiled.The manager thought that was uncertain. He said, “It is better than our fish oils. I admit that.” “So I am told, sir,” agreed Johnson.“Have you any plans to produce it yourself, Mr. Johnson?”Johnson smiled again. “Would I be showing it to you if I had?”“We might add some chemicals to one of our own fish oils,” said the manager.“It would be expensive to do that, even if you could.” Johnson said gently. “Besides,” he added, “I am told that this oil will be much cheaper than your best fish oils. Cheaper than any vegetable oil, in fact.”“Perhaps,” said the manager. “Well, I suppose you want to make an arrangement, Mr Johnson, Shall we discuss it?”“Of course,” said Johnson. “There are two ways of dealing w ith a situation of this sort. The usual one is to prevent it altogether or at least to delay it as long as possible. That is, of course, the best way,” The manager nodded. He knew plenty about all that.“But I am so sorry for you, because, you see, that is not possible this time.” The manager had his doubts, but all he said was an inquiring(asking), “Oh?”“The other way,” continued Johnson, “is to produce yourself before the trouble starts.”1. Johnson’s new oil would be ________.A. more expensive than fish oil, but betterB. less expensive, and betterC. less expensive, but not goodD. more expensive, and not so good2. The manager thought of adding chemicals to the fish oil to make it ________.A. cheaper than the new oilB. more quicklyC. more expensiveD. as good as the new oil3. Johnson showed his new oil to the manager because he wanted ________.A. to produce it himselfB. to prevent it being producedC. to be paid not to produce itD. the manager to produce it4. Johnson expressed his regret that the manager ________.A. could not stop the new oil being madeB. would never know how to make itC. had spent a lot of money on itD. didn’t know enough about itBA lot of us lose life’s t ough battles by starting a frontal(正面的) attack—when a touch of humor might well enable us to win. Consider the case of a young friend of mine, who hit a traffic jam on his way to work shortly after receiving an ultimatum(最后通牒) about being late on the job. Although there was a good reason for Sam’s a being late—serious illness at home—he decided that this by-now-familiar excuse wouldn’t work any longer. His supervisor was probably already pacing up and down preparing a dismissal speech.Yes, the boss was, Sam entered the office at 9:35. The place was as quiet as a locker room(更衣室); everyone was hard at work. Sam’s supervisor came up to him. Suddenly, Sam forced a grin and stretched out his hand. “How do you do!” he said. “I’m Sam Maynard. I’m applying for a job. Which, I understand, became available just 35 minutes ago. Does th e early bird get the worm?”The room exploded in laughter. The supervisor clamped off a smile and walked back to his office. Sam Maynard had saved his job—with the only tool that could win, a laugh.Humor is a most effective, yet frequently neglected(忽略), means of handling the difficult situations in our lives. It can be used for patching up differences, apologizing, saying “no”, criticizing, getting the other fellow to do what you want without his losing face. For some jobs, it’s the only tool that can succeed. It is a way to discuss subjects so sensitive that serious dialog may start a quarrel. For example, many believe that comedians(喜剧演员) on television are doing more today for racial and religious tolerance(忍受力) than people in any other forum.6. The main idea of this passage is ________.A. Sam Maynard saved his job with humorB. humor is important in our livesC. early bird gets the wormD. humor can solve racial discriminations5. Why was Sam late for his job?A. Because he was ill.B. Because he got up late.C. Because he was caught in a traffic jam.D. He was busy applying for a new job.8. Which of the following statements can we infer from the passage?A. Many lose life’s battles for they are lacking in a sense of humor.B. It wasn’t the first time that Sam came late for his work.C. Sam was supposed to come to his office at 8:30.D. Humor is the most effective way of solving problems.7. The phrase “clamped off” in Paragraph 3 means ________.A. tried to hold backB. tried to setC. chargedD. gave outCIn 1939 two brothers, Mac and Dick McDonald, started a drive-in restaurant in San Bernadino, California. They carefully chose a busy corner for their location. They had run their own businesses for years, first a theater, then a barbecue(烤肉) restaurant, then another drive-in. But in their new operation, they offered a new, shortened menu: French fries, hamburgers, and sodas. To this small selection they added one new idea: quick service, no waiters or waitresses, and no tips.Their hamburgers sold for fifteen cents. Cheese was another four cents. Their French fries and hamburgers had a remarkable uniformity(一致性), for the brothers had developed a strict routine(程序) for the preparation of their food, and they insisted on their cooks’ stickin g to their routine. Their new drive-in became surprisingly popular, particularly for lunch. People drove up by the hundreds during the busy noontime. The self-service restaurant was so popular that the brothers had allowed ten copies of their restaurant to be opened. They were content with this modest success until they met Ray Kroc.Kroc was a salesman who met the McDonald brothers in 1954, when he was selling milkshake-mixing machines. He quickly saw the special attraction of the brothers’ fast-food restaurants and bought the right to franchise(特许经营) other copies of their restaurants. The agreement included the right to duplicate(复制) the menu, the equipment, even their red and white buildings with the golden arches(拱门).Today McDonald’s is really a household name. In 1976, McDonald’s had over $ l billion in total sales. Its first twenty-two years is one of the most surprising success stories in modern American business history.10. Mac and Dick managed all of the following businesses except _______.A. a drive-inB. a theaterC. a cinemaD. a barbecue restaurant9. This passage mainly talks about _______.A. the development of fast food servicesB. how McDonald’s became a billion-dollar businessC. the business careers of Mac and Dick McDonaldD. Ray Kroc’s b usiness talent12. The passage suggests that _______.A. creativity is an important element of business successB. Ray Kroc was the close partner of the McDonald brothersC. Mac and Dick McDonald became broken after they sold their ideas to Ray KrocD. California is the best place to go into business11. We may infer from this passage that _______.A. Mac and Dick McDonald never became wealthy for they sold their idea to Kroc.B. the place the McDonalds chose was the only source of the great popularity of their drive-inC. forty years ago there were lots of fast-food restaurantsD. Ray Kroc was a good businessmanDA characteristic of American culture that has become almost a tradition is to respect the self-made man — the man who has risen to the top through his own efforts, usually beginning by working with his hands. While the leader in business or industry or the college professor occupies a higher social position and commands greater respect in the community than the common laborer or even the skilled factory worker, he may take pains to point out that his father started life in America as a farmer or laborer of some sort.This attitude toward manual(体力的) labor is now still seen in many aspects of American life. One is invited to dinner at a home that is not only comfortably but even luxuriously (豪华地) furnished and in which there is every evidence of the fact that the family has been able to afford foreign travel, expensive hobbies, and college education for the children; yet the hostess probably will cook the dinner herself, will serve it herself and will wash dishes afterward, furthermore the dinner will not consist merely of something quickly and easily assembled from contents of various cans and a cake or a pie bought at the nearby bakery. On the contrary, the hostess usually takes pride in careful preparation of special dishes. A professional man may talk about washing the car, digging in his flowerbeds, painting the house. His wife may even help with these things, just as he often helps her with the dishwashing. The son who is away at college may wait on table and wash dishesfor his living, or during the summer he may work with a construction gang on a highway in order to pay for his education.14. According to the passage, the hostess cooks dinner herself mainly because _________.A. servants in American are hard to getB. she takes pride in what she can do herselfC. she can hardly afford servantsD. It is easy to prepare a meal with canned food13. From paragraph 1, we can know that in America _________.A. people tend to have a high opinion of the self-made manB. people can always rise to the top through their won effortsC. college professors win great respect from common workersC. people feel painful to mention their fathers as labors.16. Which of the following may serve as the best title of the passage?A. A Respectable Self-made FamilyB. American Attitude toward Manual LaborC. Characteristics of American CultureD. The Development of Manual Labor15. The expression “ wait on table” in the second paragraph means “_________”.A. work in a furniture shopB. keep accounts for a barC. wait to lay the tableD. serve customers in a restaurant二. 任务型阅读请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰当的单词。