2018-2019学年英语人教版选修6学案:Unit+1+Section++Ⅲ++Grammar++虚拟语气(1)
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SectionⅢGrammar—虚拟语气(1)语法图解探究发现①If I had enough money I would buy a new car.②If Masaccio were alive, he would be amazed at how artists paint today.③If Peter should come to our school, he could go to our art classes.④If it were to rain tomorrow, the sports meet would be put off.⑤I wish I didn't go to school today.⑥I wish I would take Miss Liang out to a superb restaurant for dinner.⑦I'd rather you hadn't given me the present.⑧Who first suggested they visit art galleries?[我的发现](1)在虚拟条件句中,谓语动词用一般过去时(be动词常用were)表示与现在事实相反的情况,主句谓语则用“would/should/could/might+动词原形”表示。
(如例句①和②)(2)在虚拟条件句中,谓语动词可用一般过去时/should+动词原形/were to+动词原形表示与将来事实可能不符的情况,主句则用“would/should/could/might+动词原形”表示。
(如例句③和④)(3)在wish后的宾语从句中,谓语动词用一般过去时表示与现在事实相反的情况,用“would/could/might+动词原形”表示与将来相反的情况,用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的情况。
(如例句⑤和⑥)(4)在would rather后的宾语从句中,谓语动词用一般过去时表示与现在或将来相反的情况,用过去完成时表示与过去相反的情况。
(如例句⑦)(5)在表示建议、劝告、命令或要求等意思后的宾语从句、表语从句或同位语从句中,谓语动词用“(should+)动词原形”表示虚拟语气。
(如例句⑧)英语的动词一般有三种不同的语气:陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。
虚拟语气表示说话人所说的不是事实,而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测,它主要用于if条件状语从句,也可用于主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句等。
一、虚拟语气在条件句中的应用1.对现在情况的虚拟对现在的情况进行虚拟时,非真实条件状语从句的谓语动词用一般过去时,主句谓语动词使用“should/would/could/might+动词原形”的形式。
We would go with you if we had time now.如果我们现在有时间,就和你一起去。
If he were you, he should try his best to go to college.如果他是你,他会尽其所能去上大学。
[即时演练1]用所给词的适当形式填空①(湖南高考改编)Sorry, I am too busy now. If I had (have) time, I would certainly go for an outing with you.②If you were (be) a big boss, you could/might understand how hard a period I am in.2.对将来情况的虚拟对将来的情况进行虚拟时,非真实条件状语从句用“should+动词原形”,或“were to +动词原形”,或“动词过去式”的谓语动词形式,主句使用“should/would/could/might+动词原形”的谓语动词形式。
If it should rain this afternoon, the basketball match could be put off.要是今天下午下雨,篮球比赛就延期举行。
If it were to be sunny tomorrow, we would go out for a picnic.如果明天天气晴朗,我们会出去野餐。
If he came here tomorrow, he might get the chance.他若是明天能来这里,就能得到这个机会。
[即时演练2]用所给词的适当形式填空①(安徽高考改编)Grace doesn't want to move to New York because she thinks if she were to (be) live there, she wouldn't be able to see her parents very often.②If it rained (rain) tomorrow, we wouldn't go hiking.③—Why do we get up so early?—If we should miss (miss) the flight we would have to stay here for another day.3.虚拟语气的省略从句中有should, were 等助动词时,可以把if省略,并将助动词提至句首,从而构成部分倒装。
Should it rain tomorrow, we would have to cancel the football match.=If it should rain tomorrow, we would have to cancel the football match.如果明天下雨,我们将不得不取消足球赛。
—Helen, are you going to the airport to see Jack off the day after tomorrow?—Were he to leave tomorrow, I would go. (=If he were to leave tomorrow, I would go.) ——Helen, 后天你会去机场送Jack吗?——如果他明天走的话,我就去送。
[即时演练3](1)单句语法填空①(2017·江苏高考改编)Were (be) it not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.②(2014·福建高考改编)Were (be) there no modern telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.(2)把下面的句子改为倒装句①If he should be free tomorrow, I would talk with him.→Should he be free tomorrow, I would talk with him.②If I were you, I would give him a hand.→Were I you, I would give him a hand.二、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用1.用在wish之后的宾语从句中wish后的宾语从句使用虚拟语气,表示不能实现的愿望。
我希望我是一只在空中飞翔的小鸟。
I wish he had visited us last night.我希望他昨晚来看望我们了。
He wishes he could become a scientist someday.他希望将来的某一天,他能成为科学家。
[即时演练4]用所给词的适当形式填空①(2015·天津高考改编)I wish I had been (be) at my sister's wedding last Tuesday, but I was on a business trip in New York then.②(2015·陕西高考改编)Ellen is a fantastic dancer. I wish I danced (dance) as well as her.③I wish that the rain would/could stop (stop).2.用在表示命令、建议、要求等一些动词后面的宾语从句中表示“要求、建议、命令”等动词后面的从句中用“should+动词原形”构成虚拟语气,其中“should”可以省略。
这类动词可以速记为:一坚持(insist);二命令(command, order);三建议(advise, suggest, proposal);四要求(request, require, demand, desire)Doctors suggest that this kind of medicine (should) be taken after supper.医生建议这种药晚饭后吃。
I demanded that we (should) tell this to her.我坚决要求我们该把这事告诉她。
[名师点津]当insist表示“坚持说,坚持认为”、suggest表示“表明;暗示”时,其后的从句中不用虚拟语气。
He insisted that he was honest.他坚持认为自己是诚实的。
[即时演练5]用所给词的适当形式填空/单句改错①The teacher suggested that the blackboard (should) be cleaned (clean) after class.②He ordered that the clothes (should) be washed (wash) every week by themselves.③His pale face suggested that he was (be) ill.④(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby.can→should或去掉can3.用在would rather后面的宾语从句中would rather后面的宾语从句中常用虚拟语气,表示对现在或将来的愿望用一般过去时,表示对过去的愿望用过去完成时。
I would rather you went tomorrow (now).我宁愿你明天(现在)去。