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1.Planning a CompositionA. When a topic is assigned, the student should first try to think of as manyrelevant facts as he can and write down them on a piece of paper.B.At the same time, he should try to find a proper thesis or theme. Thethesis of a composition is its main point or its central idea. It is the conclusion that should be drawn from the facts to be presented in the composition.C.After that, he should look at the list of facts again, eliminate thoseunnecessary or unimportant ones, rearrange them in a logical order, and write an outline.2.Types of OutlinesAn outline subdivides the controlling idea or thesis of the essay into smaller parts, which are then developed into separate paragraphs. Roman and Arabic numerals and letters of the alphabet are generally used to number and order ideas. There are two commonly used types of outline: the topic outline and the sentence outline.A.Topic OutlineAll entries in a topic outline consist of nouns and their modifiers, or their equivalents, that is, gerund phrases or infinitive phrases. A topic outline is brief and clear, and it gives an instant overview of the entire paper.B.Sentence OutlineThe entries in a sentence outline are complete sentences. A sentenceoutline provides a more detailed plan of the paper.3.Writing the First DraftIt is necessary to write a first draft, in which there should be enough space between lines for future corrections and improvements. While writing the draft, the writer need not be afraid of the departing form theout line at one place or another. But he had better stop to revise his outline or work out a new one if he finds his original outline entirely impracticable.4.Revising the First DraftIf possible, a student should write the first draft one to two days before the time when he has to hand in the composition to the teacher. He will then have enough time for revising the draft, and be able to examine it more objectively.While revising a composition, the student should keep in mind that revision does not mean a simple correction of mistake in grammar, spelling, punctuation, and other mechanics.5.Making the Final CopyThe very last step in writing a composition, a step that should never be forgotten, is to check the final copy. In doing so the writer is likely to find that he has made careless mistakes in grammar and spelling, and he may also want to change a word here and there.II Organization1.Some PrinciplesA.Like a paragraph, a composition must have unity. A speaker may beallowed to digress from his main subject for a little while, but a writer is not given such freedom.B. A composition consists of several paragraphs, each of which has onecentral thought. They must be arranged in some kind of order, so that one paragraph leads naturally to another to form an organic whole.C.Proportion is as important to an essay as it is to a painting. Main facts orideas deserve full treatment; minor ones should be given less space. The essential part of an essay is the body or the middle part. To give this part about seven-or eight-tenths of the total space will be just right. The beginning and the end, though important, have to be short.2.The BeginningA.The beginning rouses the reader’s interest in and secures his attention tothe subject matter of the essay or provides necessary background information.B.The middle gives a clear and logical presentation of the facts and ideasthe writer intends to put forth.C.The end winds up the essay often with an emphatic and forcefulstatement to influence the reader’s final impression of the essay and shows the implication or consequences of the argument.Concluding paragraphs should be short, forceful, substantial, and thought-provoking, made up mainly of restatements or summaries of the points that have been discussed. No new ideas should be introduced in a concluding paragraph.Sometimes it is good to link the concluding paragraph to the introductory. If. For instance, a question is raised in the introductoryparagraph, an answer should be given in the concluding paragraph.III Types of Writing1.DescriptionA description essay is generally developed through sensory details, or theimpressions of one’s senses—sight, hearing, taste, smell, and touch. Not all details are useful. The writer should choose those that help to bring out the dominant characteristic or outstanding quality of the person or thing described, and leave out those irrelevant ones.A. Description of a personWhile describing a person, the writer should try to reveal the person’s character, thoughts, and feelings, which may be shown in what theperson does and says, or in how he behaves to others. And it is important to grasp the characteristic features that distinguish him from all other people.B. Description of a placePlaces may be described for their own sake, as in essays on visits to famous scenic places, but also for the purpose of revealing the personality and character of a person, or creating a feeling or mood. As in describinga person, in describing a place one should mainly write about the thingsthat make it different from other places.C. Description of an objectTo describe an object we have to depend on our senses, because we need to mention its size, shape, color, texture, taste, and smell. It is also necessary to tell how it is used if it is useful, and what part it plays in a person’s life if it is in some way related to him. But emphasis should be placed on only one aspect of the object, probably its most important characteristic.D. Description of a sceneA scene usually consists of three basic factors: the setting, the people,and the actions. It is also possible to describe the scene of some natural phenomenon.The writer should try to create a dominant impression when describing a scene. Before he begins to write, he must make up his mind as to what effect he wants the description to achieve. This will help him to decide which details to delete and which to include.2.NarrationTo narrate is to give an account of an event or a series of events. In itsbroadest sense, narrative writing includes stories, real or imaginary,biographies, histories, news items, and narrative poems.Narration often goes hand in hand with description. When planning anarrative, the writer should consider these five aspects: context, selectionof details, organization, point of view, and purpose.3.ExpositionExposition means expounding or explaining. Exposition mainly dealswith processes and relationships. We are writing a descriptive essaywhen we describe the appearance of an object; but we are writing an expository essay when we explain how it is made, how it is used, and how it may change. Things can be explained by illustration, process, classification and division, comparison and contrast, and analysis of their causes and effects or definition.The most important quality of exposition is clarity. To achieve this the writer should:A.Limit his subject or the scope of discussion, or it is impossible to explainmany things clearly in a short essay:B.Prepare enough material to help his explanation; the ordinary reader oftenfinds abstract discussions hard to follow if they are not illustrated by concrete examples;C.Present his facts and views in proper order.D.Pay attention to the accuracy and clarity of words and sentences; avoidornamental as well as ambiguous expressions.4.ArgumentationThe purpose of exposition is to inform; the purpose of argumentation, on the other hand, is to convince. While an expository paper makes know something and explains it to make the reader understand, an argumentative essay tries to make the reader agree with its point of view and support it. Argumentation is actually exposition with the additional purpose of convincing or persuading.If you wish to write a good argumentative essay, you should do your best to meet the following requirements:A.A debatable pointB.Sufficient evidenceC.Good logicD.Clear logicE.Good use of the other three types of writingF.An honest and friendly attitude。
《英语写作》课程教学大纲课程代码: 3040107课程名称：英语写作英文名称：A Handbook of Writing课程类型: 必修课总学时： 64 讲课学时：32 实验学时：32学分： 4适用对象: 英语专业高年级学生先修课程：综合英语一、课程性质、目的和任务本课程适用于大学专科英语专业学生。
通过本课程的教学，学生可以了解必要的英语写作基础知识，培养熟练的英语写作能力，提高学生在信息时代用英语进行信息交流的能力。
学习本课程，要求学生具备一定的英语、阅读及写作方面的知识，要求学生掌握概要、摘要的写作规范和一般要求；掌握读书报告或其他种类报告的书写规范，并且内容切题，结构严谨，条理清楚，语法正确，语言通顺，表达得体；写作课结束时，学生应能够了解英语论文写作，并初步掌握基本修辞方法进行高一级的英语写作。
二、教学基本要求通过本门课程的系统学习，学生应了解基本的英语写作理论知识，即写作格式、遣词造句、修辞法、工具书的使用、句型等基本语言理论知识，合格文章的标准，即切题、连贯、简洁和长短句结合等写作技巧，以及主题句的写法、段落的结构和小结的写法等。
在实例分析的基础上，学生必须掌握各种句型的使用、主题句的含义和运用、段落的结构和写法等。
教学的重点是段落的写作，尤其要注重主题句的写法和展开。
三、教学内容及要求本课程教学总时数为64学时，其中讲授学时为32时，实践教学为32学时。
第一章：Using Proper Words教学时数：4学时教学重点：词的基本种类以及如何进行词的选择。
教学难点：近义词的辨析教学内容：第一节：Types of Words第二节：Choice of Words第三节：Synonyms第四节：Some Good Dictionaries第二章：Making Correct and Effective Sentences教学时数：12学时教学重点：1. 句子结构的完整性、主谓的一致性、如何用连词连接句子、复合句中的主句以及正确使用时态；2.有效的句子，包括句子的统一性、连贯性、准确性；句子的变化和句子的强调。
Unit5写作课教案Write a Blog about English Study一、Teaching Objectives:1. Students will be able to write a wellstructured and coherent blog post about their experience with learning English.2. Students will be able to use a variety of vocabulary and grammar structures to express their ideas effectively.3. Students will be able to revise and edit their work for clarity and coherence.二、Teaching Key Points:1. Writing a blog post requires clear organization and structure.2. Using appropriate vocabulary and grammar structures is important for effective munication.3. Revising and editing are essential for improving the quality of writing.三、Teaching Process:1. Introduction●Begin by asking students what they think makes a good blog post. Encouragediscussion and share examples of wellwritten blogs.●Introduce the topic of the blog post, which will be "Write a blog about yourexperience with learning English."●Discuss the importance of clear organization and structure in a blog post.2. Brainstorming and Outlining●Divide students into small groups and give them time to brainstorm ideas fortheir blog post. Encourage them to consider different aspects of learning English, such as grammar, vocabulary, speaking, listening, reading, and writing.●Have each group present their ideas to the class and discuss any mon themes orsuggestions for improvement.●Use the group brainstorming session as a starting point for outlining the mainpoints of the blog post.3. Writing●Have each student choose one main point from their outline to focus on in theirblog post.●Give students time to write their first draft, using the outline as a guide.Encourage them to revise and edit their work for clarity and coherence.●Walk around the room to provide individual feedback on students' writing,focusing on organization, vocabulary, grammar, and flow.●Allow time for students to make revisions based on the feedback received.4. Revision and Final Draft●Have students bine their revised drafts into a final version of their blog post.●Encourage students to proofread their work for errors in spelling, grammar, andpunctuation.●Ask volunteers to read their final draft aloud to the class for feedback andconstructive criticism.●Use the feedback received to further revise and edit the final draft if necessary.5. Sharing and Reflection●Have each student share their final blog post with the class, explaining their mainpoints and how they overcame any challenges they encountered during the writing process.●Encourage students to reflect on what they learned about themselves through theprocess of writing their blog post, including their strengths and areas for improvement in English language skills.●Assign a homework task for students to continue practicing their English writingskills by creating a short essay on a topic of their choice, using proper grammar and vocabulary.四、Assessment:During the brainstorming and outlining stage, students can be assessed on their participation and group dynamics.During the writing stage, students can be assessed on their ability to organize their thoughts clearly, use appropriate vocabulary and grammar structures, and revise and edit their work for clarity and coherence.During the revision stage, students can be assessed on their ability to incorporate feedback from peers and teachers into their final drafts.During the sharing and reflection stage, students can be assessed on their ability to articulate their thoughts clearly and demonstrate understanding of their own learning process.。
英语说明文写作课教案【篇一：高三英语写作课教学设计】高三英语写作课教学设计（时间:2009-3-11 15:04:26 ）一、教学目标知识目标：1、明确高考书面表达的要求，学会在规定时间内完成审题、确定文体、抓住要点、组织语言、书写修改等一系列工作。
2、学会内容表达的完整性、行文的连贯性、遣词造句的准确性。
能力目标：提高学生写作水平和综合运用英语的能力。
二、教学辅助：多媒体三、教学过程：（一）lead-in导入的任务是唤起注意，酝酿情绪，带入特定的语言交际场。
在教师的指导下进行回答问题，小组讨论。
1、要求学生回答下列问题：what is pocket money?do you have pocket money?2、四人小组讨论下列题目：how do we deal with our pocket money?通过以上提问，让学生尽快进入角色，对如何使用零花钱，说出自己的看法。
让学生分小组活动，四人一组，教师巡视，需要时给予帮助，并参与学生的讨论。
引导学生扩大词汇量和英语惯用法，指导他们掌握英语基本句型，尤其是五个基本句型和动词句型。
然后，选出某一小组的代表向全班汇报他们小组讨论的内容，再请1—2位学生发表他们的观点。
3、将“how to use our pocket money?” 写在黑板中的上方。
向学生布置接下来的任务：today we are going to discuss how to write a report on “how to use pocket money for high school student?”（二）presentation指导学生分析写作材料，找出所有内容要点，已有材料，掌握事实。
用大屏幕展示写作材料：书面表达（满分25分）（nmet2004天津卷）假设你班将举行一次英语班会，主题为“中学生应如何使用家长给的零花钱”。
请你根据提示写一篇发言稿。
使用方式好处存入银行养成节约的习惯购买书籍获取知识其他培养兴趣（音乐、体育、集邮等）注意：1、词数：100左右；2、考词汇：零用钱——pocket moneydearfriends,_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _______________ 要求学生认真阅读材料，读完材料后，问学生有关问题：1) what should we write?2) what expressions and sentence can we use?3) how can we organize the necessary information and the related ideas we want to write?再要求学生分小组讨论（4人1组）。
2009《英语写作基础》课程教学大纲一、课程性质与教学目的：《英语写作教程基础》是英语专业基础阶段一门重要的实践课程，着重培养学生英语写作的基本技能。
掌握句子、段落以及应用文写作的基本理论和技巧，写出主题较为突出、内容较为完善、语言较为通顺、格式符合要求的短文。
二、教学对象本课程的教学对象是高等专科英语专业的学生或具有同等水平的自学者.三、教学要求：通过系统学习和刻苦训练，使考生最终掌握教材所规定的全部写作基本概念、基本理论和基本用法。
最终能写一般的书信，通知便条，请贴、问候及记叙文、说明文和个人简历等。
格式正确，语言得体，内容完整，条理清楚，语法正确，快速写作速度为每小时200词。
四、教学内容：（一）、《英语写作教程基础》教学内容为：第一章：正确选词(Using Proper Words)1.词类（Types of Words）_2.选词（Choice of Words）3.同义词（Synonyms）4.好字典（Some Good Dictionaries）学习目的与要求：掌握英语的词类及如何正确选词，用词）第二章：使句子正确有效（Making Correct and Effective Sentences ）1.正确造句（Correct Sentences）2.同位语从句和附属字句（Coordination and Subordination）3.有效的句子（Effective Sentences）学习目的与要求：掌握各种句子结构，正确有效的造句。
第三章：段落（Developing Paragraphs）1.段落的种类（Types of Paragraph）2.段落的写作方法（Ways of Developing a Paragraph）学习目的与要求：掌握段落的写作的基本理论和基本要求，并能按照要求运用基本理论，指导自己的段落写作。
对段落的主题句、统一性、连贯性等重点要熟练掌握并达到综合运用。
Exploring the Essentials of English EssayWriting in Grade 8As students progress through their academic journey, the significance of essay writing becomes increasingly apparent. In Grade 8, students are introduced to a more rigorous and structured approach to essay writing, which aims to cultivate their critical thinking, analytical skills, and creativity. The fifth unit of the English textbook for Grade 8 is dedicated to guiding students through the essentials of essay writing, covering topics such as selecting a topic, organizing ideas, developing arguments, and proofreading.**Topic Selection: Finding Your Voice**The first step in essay writing is selecting a topic that resonates with the writer and allows them to express their unique perspective. The fifth unit encourages students to choose topics that are personally meaningful and relevant to their lives. This approach helps students connect with their audience and create a more authentic and engaging essay.**Organizing Ideas: The Backbone of the Essay**Once a topic is chosen, the next step is to organize ideas into a coherent structure. The unit emphasizes the importance of creating an outline that guides the reader through the essay, ensuring a logical flow of ideas. It teaches students how to introduce their topic, present their arguments, and conclude their essay effectively.**Developing Arguments: The Heart of the Essay**The core of any essay lies in its arguments and how they are supported with evidence. The fifth unit guides students on how to develop strong arguments by providing examples, facts, and personal experiences. It encourages them to think critically about their topic and present their arguments in a persuasive manner.**Proofreading: The Final Touch**Proofreading is often overlooked, but it is crucial in ensuring the essay is free of errors and reads smoothly. The unit highlights the importance of proofreading for content, grammar, punctuation, and spelling. It teachesstudents how to revise their work effectively, improvingits clarity and coherence.In conclusion, the fifth unit of the English textbookfor Grade 8 provides students with the necessary tools and guidance to master the art of essay writing. It encourages them to express their voices, organize their ideas, develop strong arguments, and proofread their work meticulously. With this foundation, students can confidently embark on their journey of becoming proficient essay writers.**探索八年级英语作文写作的要领**随着学生在学术道路上的不断进步，作文写作的重要性变得日益明显。
1.Planning a CompositionA. When a topic is assigned, the student should first try to think of as manyrelevant facts as he can and write down them on a piece of paper.B.At the same time, he should try to find a proper thesis or theme. Thethesis of a composition is its main point or its central idea. It is the conclusion that should be drawn from the facts to be presented in the composition.C.After that, he should look at the list of facts again, eliminate thoseunnecessary or unimportant ones, rearrange them in a logical order, and write an outline.2.Types of OutlinesAn outline subdivides the controlling idea or thesis of the essay into smaller parts, which are then developed into separate paragraphs. Roman and Arabic numerals and letters of the alphabet are generally used to number and order ideas. There are two commonly used types of outline: the topic outline and the sentence outline.A.Topic OutlineAll entries in a topic outline consist of nouns and their modifiers, or their equivalents, that is, gerund phrases or infinitive phrases. A topic outline is brief and clear, and it gives an instant overview of the entire paper.B.Sentence OutlineThe entries in a sentence outline are complete sentences. A sentenceoutline provides a more detailed plan of the paper.3.Writing the First DraftIt is necessary to write a first draft, in which there should be enough space between lines for future corrections and improvements. While writing the draft, the writer need not be afraid of the departing form theout line at one place or another. But he had better stop to revise his outline or work out a new one if he finds his original outline entirely impracticable.4.Revising the First DraftIf possible, a student should write the first draft one to two days before the time when he has to hand in the composition to the teacher. He will then have enough time for revising the draft, and be able to examine it more objectively.While revising a composition, the student should keep in mind that revision does not mean a simple correction of mistake in grammar, spelling, punctuation, and other mechanics.5.Making the Final CopyThe very last step in writing a composition, a step that should never be forgotten, is to check the final copy. In doing so the writer is likely to find that he has made careless mistakes in grammar and spelling, and he may also want to change a word here and there.II Organization1.Some PrinciplesA.Like a paragraph, a composition must have unity. A speaker may beallowed to digress from his main subject for a little while, but a writer is not given such freedom.B. A composition consists of several paragraphs, each of which has onecentral thought. They must be arranged in some kind of order, so that one paragraph leads naturally to another to form an organic whole.C.Proportion is as important to an essay as it is to a painting. Main facts orideas deserve full treatment; minor ones should be given less space. The essential part of an essay is the body or the middle part. To give this part about seven-or eight-tenths of the total space will be just right. The beginning and the end, though important, have to be short.2.The BeginningA.The beginning rouses the reader’s interest in and secures his attention tothe subject matter of the essay or provides necessary background information.B.The middle gives a clear and logical presentation of the facts and ideasthe writer intends to put forth.C.The end winds up the essay often with an emphatic and forcefulstatement to influence the reader’s final impression of the essay and shows the implication or consequences of the argument.Concluding paragraphs should be short, forceful, substantial, and thought-provoking, made up mainly of restatements or summaries of the points that have been discussed. No new ideas should be introduced in a concluding paragraph.Sometimes it is good to link the concluding paragraph to the introductory. If. For instance, a question is raised in the introductoryparagraph, an answer should be given in the concluding paragraph.III Types of Writing1.DescriptionA description essay is generally developed through sensory details, or theimpressions of one’s senses—sight, hearing, taste, smell, and touch. Not all details are useful. The writer should choose those that help to bring out the dominant characteristic or outstanding quality of the person or thing described, and leave out those irrelevant ones.A. Description of a personWhile describing a person, the writer should try to reveal the person’s character, thoughts, and feelings, which may be shown in what theperson does and says, or in how he behaves to others. And it is important to grasp the characteristic features that distinguish him from all other people.B. Description of a placePlaces may be described for their own sake, as in essays on visits to famous scenic places, but also for the purpose of revealing the personality and character of a person, or creating a feeling or mood. As in describinga person, in describing a place one should mainly write about the thingsthat make it different from other places.C. Description of an objectTo describe an object we have to depend on our senses, because we need to mention its size, shape, color, texture, taste, and smell. It is also necessary to tell how it is used if it is useful, and what part it plays in a person’s life if it is in some way related to him. But emphasis should be placed on only one aspect of the object, probably its most important characteristic.D. Description of a sceneA scene usually consists of three basic factors: the setting, the people,and the actions. It is also possible to describe the scene of some natural phenomenon.The writer should try to create a dominant impression when describing a scene. Before he begins to write, he must make up his mind as to what effect he wants the description to achieve. This will help him to decide which details to delete and which to include.2.NarrationTo narrate is to give an account of an event or a series of events. In itsbroadest sense, narrative writing includes stories, real or imaginary,biographies, histories, news items, and narrative poems.Narration often goes hand in hand with description. When planning anarrative, the writer should consider these five aspects: context, selectionof details, organization, point of view, and purpose.3.ExpositionExposition means expounding or explaining. Exposition mainly dealswith processes and relationships. We are writing a descriptive essaywhen we describe the appearance of an object; but we are writing an expository essay when we explain how it is made, how it is used, and how it may change. Things can be explained by illustration, process, classification and division, comparison and contrast, and analysis of their causes and effects or definition.The most important quality of exposition is clarity. To achieve this the writer should:A.Limit his subject or the scope of discussion, or it is impossible to explainmany things clearly in a short essay:B.Prepare enough material to help his explanation; the ordinary reader oftenfinds abstract discussions hard to follow if they are not illustrated by concrete examples;C.Present his facts and views in proper order.D.Pay attention to the accuracy and clarity of words and sentences; avoidornamental as well as ambiguous expressions.4.ArgumentationThe purpose of exposition is to inform; the purpose of argumentation, on the other hand, is to convince. While an expository paper makes know something and explains it to make the reader understand, an argumentative essay tries to make the reader agree with its point of view and support it. Argumentation is actually exposition with the additional purpose of convincing or persuading.If you wish to write a good argumentative essay, you should do your best to meet the following requirements:A.A debatable pointB.Sufficient evidenceC.Good logicD.Clear logicE.Good use of the other three types of writingF.An honest and friendly attitude。
