英语词语辨析(总)

【able，capable，competent】adj.[定，表，补]有能力的，能干的able 指有能力做某事，强调聪明、能干、有本事，后面可接动词不定式，后加-er，—est构成比较级和最高级形式，用例：There are many able students in our institute．／／Y ou are able to do it better than I．／／She is an abler actress than I thought．capable 意为“有能力的、有才能的”，与able相比语义较弱，有时两词可以互换使用，但capable 后面只可接介词of，而不能接动词不定式，前接more，the most构成比较级和最高级形式，用例：Let me introduce the capable doctor to your parents．／／Show your teacher what you are capable of ／／He is capable of running a mile in four minutes．competent 除表示“有能力”外，还兼有“胜任的”之义，后面可接动词不定式或介词as，for 或to，前接more，themost构成比较级和最高级形式，用例：He isn't a very competent director．／／Is she competent to do the work?／／Is she competent as a teacher?／／They are competent for designing this type of machine．／／He is not competent to the task of teaching English．【absurd，ridiculous】ddj.[定，表，补]荒谬的，可笑的这两个词前接more，the most构成比较级和最高级形式。

absurd 意为“荒谬的、可笑的”，表示某种言论因其极不符合逻辑、常识和情理而令人发笑，往往指无稽之谈，常后接介词in 用例：It is absurd in theory．／／n is absurd to predict that the sun will not rise tomorrow．／／What could be more absurd than that?ridiculous 指某人或某件事是“荒唐可笑的”，常后接介词in 用例：He looks ridiculous in that hat．／／Don't be ridiculous! ／／The idea seemed ridiculous to him．【abundant，ample】adj. [定，表，补]大量的这两个词意义相近，许多情况下可互换，但仍有差异。

abundant 意为“大量的、多的”，多指某物品有“充裕的”供应，前接more，the most构成比较级和最高级形式，但很少使用，用例：abundant rainfall ／／an abundant supply of meat，milk and eggs。

ample 本义为“充分的”，可引申为“大量的’，表示足够或超出必要的程度，通常后接不可效名词或可数名词复数形式，可前接more，the most或后加·er，·est构成比较级和最高级形式，用例：ample opportunities／／ample time ／／We have ample money for the journey．【acid，sour】adj.[定，表，补]酸的acid 一般指自然的酸味，通常是因含有化学酸，其引申义可表示辛辣、刻薄或讽刺，无比较级或最高级形式，用例：acid rain／／acid fruits／／Lemons have an acid taste．—／／His wit became acid．sour 有时可与acid互换使用，用例：The fruit is still green and tastes sour．该词也表示物质由于发酵或变质而发酸，后加-er，—est构成比较级和最高级形式，用例：sour garbage／／sour milk ／／He has a sour temper．用于形容人时，指人脾气坏、尖酸挑剔，用例：Jane took a sour view of everything．【accurate，exact，precise】adj.[定，表，补]准确的，精确的accurate 意为“准确的、精确的”，往往含有小心谨慎地做到与某一标准或客观事物相符合或相一致的意味，可后接介词at，in等，前接more，the most构成比较级和最高级形式，用例：Clocks in railway station should be accurate．／He was accurate in his work．／／His memory was not accurate．exact 意为“确切的、精确的、贴切的”，强调与事实、真实情况或标准绝对相符、严格吻合，语气比accurate强，常后接介词in无比较级或最高级形式，用例：He is always exact in his words．／／I can hardly find an exact word to express．／／What is the exact size of the room? precise 意为“准确的、精确的”，着重指具有高度的精确度和准确性，表示连详情细节都精确无误、分毫不差，因此有时含有过于讲究细节甚至吹毛求疵的意味，常后接介词in前接more，the most构成比较级和最高级形式，用例：He is precise in a11 his habits．／／It is hard to give a precise definition to it．【acute，keen，sharp】adj.定，表，补]敏锐的acute 意为“敏锐的、精明的”，强调对别人不易察觉的细微差别的感受性，也可表示只能短时间内保持的高度神经紧张状态，前接more，the most构成比较级和最高级形式，用例：Her judgment is acute．／／He has an acute awareness of the slightest ambiguity in each statement made by his opponent．／／With his acute mind，he was able to find an answer quickly．keen 意为“敏捷的、敏锐的”，强调机敏过人或非凡的洞察力，同时还带有精力旺盛并令人信服地解决艰深复杂问题的意味，有时比喻目光敏捷，既能明察秋毫又能见木见材，后加·er，—est 构成比较级和最高级形式，用例：a keen intelligence／／The retired president's insight is as keen as before．／／Is your grandfather's eyesight still keen?sharp 意为“敏锐的、灵敏的、机敏的”，通常表示天分极高，而不一定在某一领域受过专门教育，强调聪慧、精明、敏于观察和利用，有时含有狡猾之义，后加·er，·est构成比较级和最高级形式，用例：He is old but his mind is still sharp．／／n takes sharp eyes to see the flaw．／／Y ou won't catch him．He is very sharp．【acute，nasty，urgent】adj. [定，表，补]严重的，急迫的acute 意为“严重的、激烈的”，通常修饰已使危机恶化了的缺乏或需求，有时也修饰其它一些紧急情况，该词在医学上表示“急性的”，前接more，the most构成比较级和最高级形式；用例：an acute water shortage ／／the acute problem of air pollution in cities／／The doctors think his illness is acute rather than chronic．nasty 意为“严重的、凶险的”，在不正式的用法中，该词可以形容任何严厉的、严重的或者有害的行为，后加·er，·est构成比较级和最高级形式，用例：She old him that she wouldn't put up with his nasty remarks any longer．／／I have a nasty cold this morning．urgent 常用词，意为“紧迫的、急促的”，该词常修饰某种紧急情况，表示接近危机状态，前接more，the most构成比较级和最高级形式，用例：The matter is urgent；we must do it now．／／The refugees are in urgent need of help．／／I received an urgent message from my father telling me to return home at once．【adequate，enough，sufficient】adj.[定，表，补]充足的本组词无比较级或最高级形式。

adequate 较正式用词，意为“充分的、足够的”，指数量或程度上符合某一特定或最低要求，用例：The supply is not adequate to the demand.／／We took adequate food for a short camping holiday．/ Is your salary adequate to support a family of five?enough 常用词，意为“足够的、充足的”，多指数量、份量或程度上能满足需求或愿望，特别是物质上的需要，作定语时多置于所修饰的名词之前，但也可置于其后(强调该名词时，名词在前；反之，该名词在后。

用例：We have enough money，so why don't we have a good meal? ／／We have time enough to get to the airport．／／The food iS enough for a11 of us．Please don't worry．sufficient 正式用词，意为“足够的、充分的”，在很多情况下，可与enough通用，主要表示实际需要能够得到满足，作定语时只可置于所修饰的名词之前，用例：Is one hundred yuan sufficient for the expenses of your journey?／／The poor child didn't have sufficient clothing for the winter．／／He has sufficient authority to allow them to do this．【adult，mature】adj.成年的，成熟的这两个词可指已经完成了生命最初阶段的成长期和发展期的任何生物。