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英语常见的修辞格

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英语常见的修辞格

英语常见的修辞格

Figures of speech (修辞)are ways of making our language

figurative. When we use words in other than their ordinary or

literal sense to lend force to an idea, to heighten effect, or to

create suggestive imagery, we are said to be speaking or writing

figuratively. Now we are going to talk about some common

forms of figures of speech.

1) Simile：(明喻）It is a figure of speech which makes a

comparison between two unlike elements having at least one

quality or characteristic (特性)in common. To make the

comparison, words like as, as...as, as if and like are used to

transfer the quality we associate with one to the other. For

example, As cold waters to a thirsty soul, so is good news from a

far country.

2) Metaphor：(暗喻）It is like a simile, also makes a

comparison between two unlike elements, but unlike a simile, this

comparison is implied rather than stated. For example, the world

is a stage.

3) Analogy: (类比）It is also a form of comparison, but unlike

simile or metaphor which usually uses comparison on one point

of resemblance, analogy draws a parallel between two unlike

things that have several common qualities or points of

resemblance.

4) Personification: (拟人）It gives human form of feelings to

animals, or life and personal attributes(赋予) to inanimate(无生命的) objects, or to ideas and abstractions(抽象). For example, the

wind whistled through the trees.

5) Hyperbole: (夸张） It is the deliberate use of overstatement or exaggeration to achieve emphasis. For instance,

he almost died laughing.

6) Understatement: (含蓄陈述） It is the opposite of

hyperbole, or overstatement. It achieves its effect of emphasizing

a fact by deliberately(故意地) understating it, impressing the

listener or the reader more by what is merely implied or left

unsaid than by bare statement. For instance, It is no laughing

matter.

7) Euphemism: (委婉） It is the substitution of an agreeable

or inoffensive(无冒犯) expression for one that may offend or

suggest something unpleasant. For instance, we refer to "die" as

" pass away".

8) Metonymy (转喻） It is a figure of speech that has to do

with the substitution of the mane of one thing for that of another.

For instance, the pen (words) is mightier than the sword (forces).

9) Synecdoche (提喻） It is involves the substitution of the

part for the whole, or the whole for the part. For instance, they

say there's bread and work for all. She was dressed in silks.

10) Antonomasia (换喻）It has also to do with substitution. It

is not often mentioned now, though it is still in frequent use. For

example, Solomon for a wise man. Daniel for a wise and fair judge.

Judas for a traitor.

11) Pun: (双关语） It is a play on words, or rather a play on

the form and meaning of words. For instance, a cannon-ball took

off his legs, so he laid down his arms. (Here "arms" has two

meanings: a person's body; weapons carried by a soldier.)

12) Syllepsis: (一语双叙） It has two connotations.

In the first case, it is a figure by which a word, or a particular

form or inflection of a word, refers to two or more words in the

same sentence, while properly applying to or agreeing with only on of them in grammar or syntax(句法). For example, He

addressed you and me, and desired us to follow him. (Here us is

used to refer to you and me.)

In the second case, it a word may refer to two or more words

in the same sentence. For example, while he was fighting , and

losing limb and mind, and dying, others stayed behind to pursue

education and career. (Here to losing one's limbs in literal; to lose

one's mind is figurative, and means to go mad.)

13) Zeugma: (轭式搭配） It is a single word which is made to

modify or to govern two or more words in the same sentence,

wither properly applying in sense to only one of them, or

applying to them in different senses. For example, The sun shall

not burn you by day, nor the moon by night. (Here noon is not

strong enough to burn)

14) Irony: (反语） It is a figure of speech that achieves

emphasis by saying the opposite of what is meant, the intended

meaning of the words being the opposite of their usual sense.

For instance, we are lucky, what you said makes me feel real good.

15) Innuendo: (暗讽） It is a mild form of irony, hinting in a

rather roundabout (曲折)way at something disparaging(不一致)

or uncomplimentary(不赞美) to the person or subject mentioned.

For example, the weatherman said it would be worm. He must

take his readings in a bathroom.

16) Sarcasm: (讽刺） It Sarcasm is a strong form of irony. It

attacks in a taunting and bitter manner, and its aim is to

disparage, ridicule and wound the feelings of the subject

attacked. For example, laws are like cobwebs, which may catch

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英语常见修辞手法

英语常见修辞手法

1.Simile 明喻

明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性.

标志词常用 like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等.

例如:

1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow.

2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud.

3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale.

2.Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻

隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成.

例如:

1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper.

2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed

and digested.

3.Metonymy 借喻,转喻

借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称.

I.以容器代替内容,例如:

1>.The kettle boils. 水开了.

2>.The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着.

II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如:

Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说.

III.以作者代替作品,例如:

a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集

VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如:

I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱.

常用英语修辞格

常用英语修辞格

1.生动形象的Simile（明喻）

2.含而不露的Metaphor（隐喻）

3.无灵有灵的Personification（拟人）

4.结构精巧的Transferred Epithet（移就）

5.蕴涵新意的Synecdoche（提喻）

6.明抑暗扬的Understatement（低调陈述）

7.闪烁其词的Euphemism（委婉）

8.强化语意的Hyperbole（夸张）

9.含蓄典雅的Allusion（引喻）

10.相映相衬的Antithesis（对照） 11.排迭匀称的Parallelism（平行）

12.发人深思的Paradox（隽语）

13.矛盾统一的Oxymoron（矛盾修饰）

14.妙趣横生的Anticlimax（突降）

15.一唱三叹的Repetition（重复）

16.音律优美的Alliteration（头韵）

17.一语两意的Pun（双关）

18.冷嘲热讽的Irony（反语）

19.趣味盎然的Parody（仿拟）

20.化腐为奇的Zeugma（轭式搭配）1明喻(Simile)

明喻是一种最简单、最常见的修辞方法，是以两种具有共同特征的事物或现象进行对比，表明本体和喻体的关系，两者都在对比中出现，其基本格式是“A像B”，常用的比喻词有as, like,

as if, as though等。例如：

●He jumped back as if he had been stung, and the blood rushed into his wrinkled face.(他往后一跳，好像被什么东西叮了一下似的，他那张布满皱纹的脸顿时涨得通红。)

●The cheque fluttered to the floor like a bird with a broken wing. (支票跌落到地上，像一只断了翅膀的小鸟。)

常见英语修辞格

常见英语修辞格

常见英语修辞格

所谓修辞是指依据题旨情境恰当地选择语言手段和表达方式, 以有效地表情达意。修辞的目的是使作品更加形象生动、引人入胜。了解英语中的修辞,有助于我们更好地理解、欣赏文章,也有助于在写作中丰富我们自己的表达。

英语修辞格按其构成大致可以分为三类:

1.词义修辞格(Semantic Rhetorical Devices)

2.结构修辞格(Syntactical Rhetorical Devices)

3.音韵修辞格(Phonetic Rhetorical Devices）

(一)词义修辞格(Semantic Rhetorical Devices)

•词义修辞格主要是指借助语义的联想和语言的变化等特点创造出来的修辞手法。词义修辞格主要借助语义的联想和语言的变化等特点创造出来的修辞手法。它们主要包括 :

•simile, metaphor, analogy, allusion, antonomasia, metonymy, synecdoche,

personification, hyperbole, irony, euphemism, pun, oxymoron, paradox,

zeugma, transferred epithet, etc.

1. Simile 明喻

与汉语的明喻基本相同,是以两种具有相同特征的事物和现象进行对比,表明本体和喻体之间的相似关系。常用来表示明喻的喻词有like, as, as if, as

though等。

如:

•Learning is like rowing upstream; not to advance is to drop back.

•学如逆水行舟,不进则退。

•Bacteria are so small that a single round one of a common type is about

1／25,000 of an inch across when these bacteria are magnified 1,000 times,

英语常见修辞格分类总结

英语常见修辞格分类总结

英语常见修辞格分类总结

**《英语常见修辞格分类总结工作总结（一）》**

在英语学习和使用中，修辞格的运用就像是给语言穿上了华丽的衣服，让表达变得更加生动有趣。

**一、明喻（Simile）让表达更加形象**

我觉得明喻这个修辞格就像一个放大镜，能把事物的特点放大，让人们看得更清楚。就像莎士比亚在他的作品中经常使用明喻，“Shall I

compare thee to a summer's day?（我能否将你比作夏日？）”他把心爱的人比作夏天，夏天有着美好的阳光、温暖的气息，这样一比喻，我们就能深刻感受到他对爱人那种热烈的喜爱之情。我自己在写英语作文或者描述事物的时候，也试着用明喻。比如说描述一个很害羞的女孩，我会写“She is like a timid little rabbit.（她就像一只胆小的小兔子）”。这一下就能让读者在脑海中勾勒出这个女孩害羞的模样。每次我用明喻的时候，就感觉像是在给读者画一幅画，把我看到的、感受到的，用一种很直观的方式传递给他们。

**二、隐喻（Metaphor）蕴含更深的含义**

隐喻啊，它有点像一个神秘的宝藏盒。表面上看只是普通的一句话，但里面却藏着很深的意义。拿马丁·路德·金来说，他的演讲中就有很多隐喻。他说“I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and

live out the true meaning of its creed: 'We hold these truths to be self - evident, that all men are created equal.'（我有一个梦想，有一天这个国家会站起来，实现其信条的真正含义：我们认为这些真理是不言而喻的，即人人生而平等。）”这里把美国这个国家的发展隐喻为一个人的“站起来”，暗示着国家走向平等和正义。我自己在做一些翻译工作的时候，遇到隐喻就会特别小心。有一次翻译一篇关于文化交流的文章，里面有一句话说“文化是桥梁”，这就是隐喻，我就不能简单地按照字面翻译，得把文化在交流中起到的连接和沟通作用体现出来。我知道理解隐喻就像是解开一道密码锁，要找到背后隐藏的意义。