2012年考研英语阅读理解部分翻译

2012年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语(一)试题文章翻译Section I Use of English最近对最高法院法官的道德判断成为一个重要的话题。

当法官像政治家一样行事时，法院就不能维护其作为法律原则守护者的合法性。

然而，在一些事例中，法官行事的方式损害了法院独立、公正的名誉。

例如，法官Antonin scalia出席了政治活动。

这种行为使得法院的审判更有可能被认为是不公正的。

部分问题在于法官没有受到道德规范的约束。

至少，法院应当遵守适用于其他联邦司法部的行为规范。

这个以及其他类似的案例提出了这样的问题：在法院和政治之间是否仍然存在着界限？宪法的制定者们设想法律拥有独立于政治之外的权力。

他们给予法官永恒的地位，故法官不再会忌惮当权者，也没有必要寻求政治支持。

我们的法律体系被设定为使得法律完全不受政治的影响，是因为这二者是如此紧密相连的。

宪法具有政治性，这是因为它源于那些根植于诸如自由、财产之类的基本社会概念中的选择。

当法院处理社会决策问题时，它所适用的法律不可避免地会带有政治性。

这也就是为什么偏离思想路线的决策这么轻易地被视为是不公正的而不予考虑的原因。

法官必须通过他们对行为规范负责的方式来解决对于法院（审判的）合法合理性的质疑。

这可能会使得审判看上去更加与政治相独立，因此，像法律一样令人信服。

Section II Reading ComprehensionPart AText 1“来吧，每个人都在这么做。

”这个半邀请半强迫的耳语似的信息，是大部分人在听到“同龄压力”这个词语时所想到的。

这个词语常常会导致不好的事情，如酗酒、嗑药和滥交。

但在她的新书——《加入俱乐部》中，Tina Rosenberg认为通过她所称之为的社会疗法，同龄压力也可以成为一种正面的力量。

在这种社会疗法中，机构和官员利用集体动态的力量来帮助个人改善他们的生活，并且可能改变这个世界。

普利策奖的获得者，Rosenberg提供了许多正在进行中的社会疗法的例子：在南卡罗来纳州，一个名为“Rage Against the Haze”（愤怒面对烟雾）的由政府发起的禁烟行动，决心使得香烟不再受人欢迎。

2012年研究生入学考试英语（一）翻译部分参考译文2012年研究生入学考试英语一的翻译文章出自美国杂志《Nature》，题目是Universal truths。

这篇文章的理论性比较强，对于大家来说应该会感觉很有难度，大家首先要理解文章大意，依据专业性来定词义。

文章原文如下，选入2012考研英语一翻译真题时有部分删改：Since at least the days of Aristotle, a search for universal principles has characterized the scientific enterprise. In some ways, this quest for commonalities defines science: without it, there is no underlying order and pattern, merely as many explanations as there are things in the world. Newton's laws of motion, the oxygen theory of combustion and Darwinian evolution each bind a host of different phenomena into a single explicatory framework.46. In physics, one approach takes this impulse for unification to its extreme, and seeks a theory of everything —a single generative equation for all we see. It is becoming less clear, however, that such a theory would be a simplification, given the proliferation of dimensions and universes that it might entail. Nonetheless, unification of sorts remains a major goal.46. 在物理学上，一种方法就是把这种寻求统一性的冲动发挥到了极端，并努力寻找一种万能的理论，即一条唯一的为我们都看到的一切所生成的公式。

Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)Since the days of Aristotle, a search for universal principles has characterized the scientific enterprise. In some ways, this quest for commonalities defines science. Newton’s laws of motion and Darwinian evolution each bind a host of different phenomena into a single explicatory frame work.(46)In physics, one approach takes this impulse for unification to its extreme, and seeks a theory of everything—a single generative equation for all we see.It is becoming less clear, however, that such a theory would be a simplification, given the dimensions and universes that it might entail, nonetheless, unification of sorts remains a major goal.This tendency in the natural sciences has long been evident in the social sciences too. (47)Here, Darwinism seems to offer justification for it all humans share common origins it seems reasonable to suppose that cultural diversity could also be traced to more constrained beginnings. Just as the bewildering variety of human courtship rituals might all be considered forms of sexual selection, perhaps the world’s languages, music, social and religious customs and even history are governed by universal features. (48)To filter out what is unique from what is shared might enable us to understand how complex cultural behavior arose and what guides it in evolutionary or cognitive terms.That, at least, is the hope. But a comparative study of linguistic traits published online today supplies a reality check. Russell Gray at the University of Auckland and his colleagues consider the evolution of grammars in the light of two previous attempts to find universality in language.The most famous of these efforts was initiated by Noam Chomsky, who suggested that humans are born with an innate language—acquisition capacity that dictates a universal grammar. A few generative rules are then sufficient to unfold the entire fundamental structure of a language, which is why children can learn it so quickly.(49)The second, by Joshua Greenberg, takes a more empirical approach to universality identifying traits (particularly in word order) shared by many language which are considered to represent biases that result from cognitive constraintsGray and his colleagues have put them to the test by examining four family trees that between them represent more than 2,000 languages.(50)Chomsky’s grammar should show patterns of language change that are independent of the family tree or the pathway tracked through it. Whereas Greenbergian universality predicts strong co-dependencies between particular types of word-order relations. Neither of these patterns is borne out by the analysis, suggesting that the structures of the languages are lire age-specific and not governed by universals.翻译46. 在物理学领域，有一种方法将这种“万物归一的冲动”推向了极致，它试图探寻到能解释一切的，最底层的公式。

“来吧，大家都在这样做”，这句低声说出的话，有一半成分是邀请，一半是强迫，在听到“朋友压力”这个词时，大多数人会想到这句话。

这句话通常会导致毫无益处的事情——饮酒，吸毒以及随意的性行为。

在缇娜·罗森博格的新书《加入俱乐部》中认为同辈压力通过她所谓的“社会治愈”也可以成为一种积极的力量，在这种治愈中组织和官员可以利用这种集体动力的能量帮助提高人们的生活，甚至是那句话。

罗森博格是普利策奖的获得者，她列举了许多在运转的社会治愈的例子：在南卡罗莱纳州发起了一个叫做强烈反对烟雾的反吸烟项目，目的是使香烟不再酷。

在南美，发起了一个叫做热爱生活的艾滋预防项目，招募了年轻人在他们的朋友中宣传性安全。

这个想法似乎是可行的，她是一个有感知力的观察者。

他对于公共健康活动的软弱无力做出的评论正中要点：他们没有将同辈压力转变为健康的习惯，而且他们显示出了一种对心理学严重错误的理解。

“你敢与众不同吗，那就不要吸烟！”兴起了一个以在青年人中减少吸烟为目的的标语运动，这些青年人想做的只是融入。

罗森博格的建议令人信服：公共健康支持者应该向广告商取经，他们很擅长于应用同辈压力。

但对于社会治愈的综合效力，罗森博格并没有说服力。

她的书中充满了太多无关的细节，没有足够的社会和生物原因来解释同辈压力为何如此巨大。

我们可以看出社会治愈最明显的缺陷就是，从长期来看，它的作用并不好。

一旦资金被削减，反烟运动就会失败。

只有有限的和杂乱的证据可以证明热爱生活运动可以引起长远的改变。

毫无疑问我们的朋友圈对我们的行为产生巨大的影响。

一个新出现的研究机构表示，积极健康和坏习惯都通过社交在朋友圈中传播。

这是同辈压力一个隐秘的形式：我们会无意识的模仿我们每天看到的行为。

然而，很不确定的是，专家和官员如何能通过选择朋友圈来成功控制人们的行为使其朝着准确正确的方向。

这就像老师将后排惹是生非的学生群分开，让他们与好学生坐一起。

这种策略从来没有有效过。

而这也是从外部进行社会治愈所面临的一个问题：在现实生活中，朋友是个人的选择，而不是外部的分配。

精心整理2012阅读：Text 2?A deal is a deal-except, apparently ,when Entergy is involved. The company, a major energy supplier in New England, provoked justifiedVernon. As a condition of receiving state approval for the sale, the company agreed to seek permission from state regulators to operate past 2012. In 2006, the state went a step further, requiring that any extension of the plant’s license be subject to Vermont legislature’sapproval. Then, too, the company went along.?当2002年时，公司在弗农买下佛蒙特州仅有的核电厂，一个日渐老化的反应堆，这场争议便已浮出水面。

作为政府允许买卖的条件，公司当时同意，2012年以后的运营许可证须向州立监管机构申请。

在2006年，政府更进一步，该核电厂的任何延期申请，都需该州立法机构的批准。

当时，该公司也同意了。

议院以26:4否决了它的延期申请。

Now the company is suddenly claiming that the 2002 agreement is invalid because of the 2006 legislation, and that only the federal government has regulatory power over nuclear issues. The legal issues in the case are obscure: whereas the Supreme Court has ruled thatstates do have some regulatory authority over nuclear power, legal scholars say that Vermont case will offer a precedent-setting test of how far those powers extend. Certainly, there are valid concerns about the patchwork regulations that could result if every state sets its own rules. But had Entergy kept its word, that debate would be beside the point.it mind what promises from Entergy are worth.这家公司看起来已经推断自己在佛蒙特州的荣誉尽毁，继而一无所有，所以坚持与政府对抗。

2012Text 1Come on –Everybody’s doing it. That whispered message, half invitation and half forcing, is what most of us think of when we hear the words peer pressure. It usually leads to no good-drinking, drugs and casual sex. But in her new book Join the Club, Tina Rosenberg contends that peer pressure can also be a positive force through what she calls the social cure, in which organizations and officials use the power of group dynamics to help individuals improve their lives and possibly the word.得了吧, 每个人都这样啊. 这种说法一半是邀请，一半是强制。

当我们听到“同辈（趋同）压力”这个词组的时候我们想到的就是这种说法。

这种信息一般让人想到不好的事情，比如喝酒，吸毒，一夜情。

但是，在她的新书《参加这个俱乐部》, Tina Rosenberg认为，纯粹压力也是一种积极的力量，通过她所说的社会治疗，公司和官方人员可以使用群体力量去帮助个人提高他们的生活，而且也有可能提高整个人类世界的生活。

Rosenberg, the recipient of a Pulitzer Prize, offers a host of example of the social cure in action: In South Carolina, a state-sponsored antismoking program called Rage Against the Haze sets out to make cigarettes uncool. In South Africa, an HIV-prevention initiative known as LoveLife recruits young people to promote safe sex among their peers.Rosenberg是普利策奖获得者，他提供了许多社会治疗的例子：在南卡罗莱纳州，一个州资助的反对抽烟的项目叫做“向烟雾宣战”就旨在控制好烟草销售。

英语二T e x t 11---Homework has never been terribly popular with students and even many parents, but in recent years it has been particularly scorned. School districts across the country, most recently Los Angeles Unified, are revising(修改) their thinking on his educational ritual(例行公事). Unfortunately, L.A. Unified has produced an inflexible (不可变更的) policy which mandates(批准) that with the exception of some advanced courses, homework may no longer count for more than 10% of a student’s academic grade。

家庭作业从来就没有受到学生甚至家长的真正欢迎，但最近几年来，家庭作业却受到人们的鄙视。

全国的学校都在修改家庭作业的相关惯例做法。

不幸的是，洛杉矶学区通过了一项不可变更的政策：除了高等课程，家庭作业在学分中所占比例不可以超过10%。

21.It is implied in paragraph 1 that nowadays homework_____。

[A] is receiving more criticism[B] is no longer an educational ritual（绝对）[C] is not required for advanced courses（正反）[D] is gaining more preferences（正反）2---This rule is meant to address the difficulty that students from impoverished or chaotic homes might have in completing their homework. But the policy is unclear and contradictory. Certainly, no homework should be assigned that students cannot do without expensive equipment. But if the district is essentially giving a pass to students who do not do their homework because of complicated family lives, it is going riskily close to the implication that standards need to be lowered for poor children。

2012考研英语一翻译部分原文全文译文2012年研究生入学考试英语（一）翻译部分全文译文Universal Truths普遍真理薛海滨译译者注：本文选自英国《自然》杂志（原文详见472136a.html），2012年研究生考试中，出题人对原文的某些字句进行了改编。

在此，译者翻译的是没有经过改编的原版文章。

Since at least the days of Aristotle, a search for universal principles has characterized the scientific enterprise. In some ways, this quest for commonalities defines science: without it, there is no underlying order and pattern, merely as many explanations as there are things in the world. Newton's laws of motion, the oxygen theory of combustion and Darwinian evolution each bind a host of different phenomena into a single explicatory framework.至少是从亚里士多德时代开始，科学探索的主要特点是寻求普遍规律。

从某种程度上讲，科学就是探索共性：没有共性的探究，就无从发现科学的基本规律和模式，其结果是有多少种事物，就有多少种解释。

无论是牛顿的运动定律，还是燃烧氧化学说，还是达尔文的进化论，无不是汇不同的现象于统一的解释。

（46）In physics, one approach takes this impulse for unification to its extreme, and seeks a theory of everything — a single generative equation for all we see. It is becoming less clear, however, that such a theory would be a simplification, given the proliferation of dimensions and universes that it might entail. Nonetheless, unification of sorts remains a major goal.物理学中，有一种方法将这种对统一性的紧迫需求发挥到了极致，追求一种具有普遍意义的理论，即为我们所见之物寻求一种单一的生成公式。

2012年考研英语(二)翻译部分答案When people in developing countries worry about migration, they are usually concerned at the prospect of their best and brightest departure to Silicon Valley or to hospitals and universities in the developed world. These are the kind of workers that countries like Britain, Canada Australia try to attract by using immigration rules that privilege college graduates。

发展中国家的人们若为移民问题操心，往往是想到硅谷或发达国家的医院和大学去创造自己最辉煌的未来。

英国、加拿大和澳大利亚等国给大学毕业生提供的优惠移民政策，就是为了吸引这部分人群。

Lots of studies have found that well-educated people from developing countries are particularly likely to emigrate. A big survey of Indian households in 2004 found that nearly 40% of emigrants had more than a high-school education, compared with around 3.3% of all Indians over the age of 25. The “brain drain” has long bothered policymakers in poor countries. They fear that it hurts their economies, depriving them of much-needed skilled workers who could have taught at their universities, worked in their hospitals and come up with clever new products for their factories to make。

英语二Text 11---Homework has never been terribly popular with students and even many parents, but in recent years it has been particularly scorned. School districts across the country, most recently Los Angeles Unified, are revising(修改) their thinking on his educational ritual(例行公事). Unfortunately, L.A. Unified has produced an inflexible (不可变更的) policy which mandates(批准) that with the exception of some advanced courses, homework may no longer count for more than 10% of a student’s academic grade。

家庭作业从来就没有受到学生甚至家长的真正欢迎，但最近几年来，家庭作业却受到人们的鄙视。

全国的学校都在修改家庭作业的相关惯例做法。

不幸的是，洛杉矶学区通过了一项不可变更的政策：除了高等课程，家庭作业在学分中所占比例不可以超过10%。

21.It is implied in paragraph 1 that nowadays homework_____。

[A] is receiving more criticism[B] is no longer an educational ritual（绝对）[C] is not required for advanced courses（正反）[D] is gaining more preferences（正反）2---This rule is meant to address the difficulty that students from impoverished or chaotic homes might have in completing their homework. But the policy is unclear and contradictory. Certainly, no homework should be assigned that students cannot do without expensive equipment. But if the district is essentially giving a pass to students who do not do their homework because of complicated family lives, it is going riskily close to the implication that standards need to be lowered for poor children。

2012年考研英语二阅读全文翻译@刘琦老师-英二阅读真题文章细读2012_T3-T4-03212012Text 1【全文翻译】①对于学生甚至许多家长而言，家庭作业从来没有特别受欢迎过，但是在最近几年，家庭作业尤其受轻视。

②全美国的学区都在调整他们对布置家庭作业这一教学常规的看法，洛杉矶联合学区最近也在这样做。

③不幸的是，洛杉矶联合学区制定了一项死板的政策，即除一些高级课程外，家庭作业在学业成绩中所占的比率不能高于10%。

①这一规定旨在解决家庭贫困或者家庭环境混乱的学生在完成家庭作业时可能面临的困难。

②但这一规定不够明确而且自相矛盾。

③当然，老师不应该布置一些需要学生借助昂贵的设备才能完成的作业。

④但如果学区允许因家庭环境复杂而无法完成作业的学生通过考试，这极有可能意味着应该降低对来自贫穷家庭学生的学业要求。

①学区负责人表示，家庭作业仍然是学校教育的一部分；老师可以布置家庭作业，而且没有数量的限制。

②但由于家庭作业仅占学业成绩的10%，因此学生很有可能逃避一半的作业量，也不会影响成绩。

③有些不完成作业的学生也可能在州级考试中取得良好的成绩，但对于那些考试成绩优良同时又完成作业的学生来讲会怎样呢？④家庭作业很可能起了很重要的作用。

⑤这一政策施加了一条通用的统一规定，而没有授权老师去寻找对学生最有帮助的家庭作业。

①同时，这一政策也没有解决任何关于家庭作业的真正棘手的问题。

②如果学区认为家庭作业对于提高学生的学业水平并不重要，那么它就应该鼓励（老师）少布置或者不布置家庭作业，而不是将作业在成绩中所占的比重降到几乎为零。

③相反，如果家庭作业重要，那么它就应该在成绩中占比较大的比重。

④同时，这一政策没有保证学生要完成的作业是有意义的并且符合他们的年龄和所学科目，也没有保证老师所布置的作业没有超过他们愿意检查和批改的量。

①在负责制定教育政策的学校董事会调查此事并召开公开听证会时，现有的关于家庭作业的规定都应暂时搁置。

2012Text 1Come on –Everybody’s doing it. That whispered message, half invitation and half forcing, is what most of us think of when we hear the words peer pressure. It usually leads to no good-drinking, drugs and casual sex. But in her new book Join the Club, Tina Rosenberg contends that peer pressure can also be a positive force through what she calls the social cure, in which organizations and officials use the power of group dynamics to help individuals improve their lives and possibly the word.得了吧, 每个人都这样啊. 这种说法一半是邀请，一半是强制。

当我们听到“同辈（趋同）压力”这个词组的时候我们想到的就是这种说法。

这种信息一般让人想到不好的事情，比如喝酒，吸毒，一夜情。

但是，在她的新书《参加这个俱乐部》, Tina Rosenberg认为，纯粹压力也是一种积极的力量，通过她所说的社会治疗，公司和官方人员可以使用群体力量去帮助个人提高他们的生活，而且也有可能提高整个人类世界的生活。

Rosenberg, the recipient of a Pulitzer Prize, offers a host of example of the social cure in action: In South Carolina, a state-sponsored antismoking program called Rage Against the Haze sets out to make cigarettes uncool. In South Africa, an HIV-prevention initiative known as LoveLife recruits young people to promote safe sex among their peers.Rosenberg是普利策奖获得者，他提供了许多社会治疗的例子：在南卡罗莱纳州，一个州资助的反对抽烟的项目叫做“向烟雾宣战”就旨在控制好烟草销售。

2012年考研英语阅读理解及答案解析法律类GOING BACK AND GETTING IT RIGHTBy almost every measure,Paul Pfingst is an unsentimental st week the San Diego County district attorney said he fully intends to try suspect Charles Andrew Williams,15,as an adult for the Santana High School shootings.Even before the tragedy, Pfingst had stood behind the controversial California law that mandates treating murder suspects as young as14as adults.So nobody would have wagered that Pfingst would also be the first D.A.in the U.S.to launch his very own Innocence Project.Yet last June,Pfingst told his attorneys to go back over old murder and rape convictions and see if any unravel with newly developedDNA-testing tools.In other words,he wanted to revisit past victories--this time playing for the other team."I think people misunderstand being conservative for being biased,"says Pfingst."I consider myself a pragmatic guy,and I have no interest in putting innocent people in jail."Around the U.S.,flabbergasted defense attorneys and their jailed clients cheered his move.Among prosecutors,however,there was an awkward pause.After all,each DNA test costs as much as$5,000.Then there's the unspoken risk:if dozens of innocents turn up,the D.A.will have indicted his shop.But nine months later,no budgets have been busted or prosecutors ousted.Only the rare case merits review.Pfingst's team considers convictions before1993,when the city started routine DNA testing.They discard cases if the defendant has been released.Of the560remaining files,they have re-examined200,looking for cases with biological evidence and defendants who still claim innocence.They have identified three so far.The most compelling involves a man serving12 years for molesting a girl who was playing in his apartment.But others were there at the time.Police found a small drop of saliva on the victim's shirt--too small a sample to test in 1991.Today that spot could free a man.Test results are due any day.Inspired by San Diego,10other counties in the U.S.are starting DNA audits.By Amanda Ripley ez ncisco sijevic rtwell;Lisa McLaughlin;Joseph Pierro;Josh Tyrangiel and Sora Song注(1)本文选自Time;03/19/2001,Vol.157Issue11,p62,1p,2c,3bw注(2)本文习题命题模仿对象2004年真题text1.1.How did Pfingst carry out his own Innocence Project?[A]By getting rid of his bias against the suspects.[B]By revisiting the past victories.[C]By using the newly developed DNA-testing tools.[D]By his cooperation with his attorneys.2.Which of the following can be an advantage of Innocence Project?[A]To help correct the wrong judgments.[B]To oust the unqualified prosecutors.[C]To make the prosecutors in an awkward situation.[D]To cheer up the defense attorneys and their jailed clients.3.The expression“flabbergasted”(Line1,Paragraph3)most probably means _______.[A]excited[B]competent[C]embarrassed[D]astounded4.Why was Pfingst an unsentimental prosecutor?[A]He intended to try a fifteen-year old suspect.[B]He had no interest in putting the innocent in jail.[C]He supported the controversial California law.[D]He wanted to try suspect as young as fourteen.5.Which of the following is not true according to the text?[A]Pfingst’s move didn’t have a great coverage.[B]Pfingst’s move had both the positive and negative effect.[C]Pfingst’s move didn’t work well.[D]Pfingst’s move greatly encouraged the jailed prisoners.篇章剖析本文采用的是记叙文的模式。

英语二Text 11---Homework has never been terribly popular with students and even many parents, but in recent years it has been particularly scorned. School districts across the country, most recently Los Angeles Unified, are revising(修改) their thinking on his educational ritual(例行公事). Unfortunately, L.A. Unified has produced an inflexible (不可变更的) policy which mandates(批准) that with the exception of some advanced courses, homework may no longer count for more than 10% of a student’s academic grade。

家庭作业从来就没有受到学生甚至家长的真正欢迎，但最近几年来，家庭作业却受到人们的鄙视。

全国的学校都在修改家庭作业的相关惯例做法。

不幸的是，洛杉矶学区通过了一项不可变更的政策：除了高等课程，家庭作业在学分中所占比例不可以超过10%。

21.It is implied in paragraph 1 that nowadays homework_____。

[A] is receiving more criticism[B] is no longer an educational ritual（绝对）[C] is not required for advanced courses（正反）[D] is gaining more preferences（正反）2---This rule is meant to address the difficulty that students from impoverished or chaotic homes might have in completing their homework. But the policy is unclear and contradictory. Certainly, no homework should be assigned that students cannot do without expensive equipment. But if the district is essentially giving a pass to students who do not do their homework because of complicated family lives, it is going riskily close to the implication that standards need to be lowered for poor children。

Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)Since the days of Aristotle, a search for universal principles has characterized the scientific enterprise. In some ways, this quest for commonalities defines science. Newton’s laws of motion and Darwinian evolution each bind a host of different phenomena into a single explicatory frame work.(46)In physics, one approach takes this impulse for unification to its extreme, and seeks a theory of everything—a single generative equation for all we see.It is becoming less clear, however, that such a theory would be a simplification, given the dimensions and universes that it might entail, nonetheless, unification of sorts remains a major goal.That, at least, is the hope. But a comparative study of linguistic traits published online today supplies a reality check. Russell Gray at the University of Auckland and his colleagues consider the evolution of grammars in the light of two previous attempts to find universality in language.The most famous of these efforts was initiated by Noam Chomsky, who suggested that humans are born with an innate language—acquisition capacity that dictates a universal grammar. A few generative rules are then sufficient to unfold the entire fundamental structure of a language, which is why children can learn it so quickly.翻译46. 在物理学领域，有一种方法将这种“万物归一的冲动”推向了极致，它试图探寻到能解释一切的，最底层的公式。

2012阅读：Text 1Come on –Everybody’s doing it. That whispered message, half invitation and half forcing, is what most of us think of when we hear the words peer pressure. It usually leads to no good-drinking, drugs and casual sex. But in her new book Join the Club, Tina Rosenberg contends that peer pressure can also be a positive force through what she calls the social cure, in which organizations and officials use the power of group dynamics to help individuals improve their lives and possibly the world.赶紧加入吧，每个人都在这样做呢。

当听到“同侪压力”这个词时，我们大部分人想到的便是这句半是邀请半是强迫的耳语。

往往地，它带来的绝非好事——酗酒、吸毒和滥交。

但在蒂娜·罗森伯格的新书《加入俱乐部》中，她认为同侪压力通过她所倡导的“社会治疗”，也能够成为一种积极的力量。

在这种“社会治疗”中，组织和官员使用团体动态的力量来帮助个人改善生活，甚至改进整个世界。

Rosenberg, the recipient of a Pulitzer Prize, offers a host of example of the social cure in action: In South Carolina, a state-sponsored antismoking program called Rage Against the Haze sets out to make cigarettes uncool. In South Africa, an HIV-prevention initiative known as LoveLife recruits young people to promote safe sex among their peers.普立兹奖得主罗森伯格提供了很多“社会治疗”的实例：在南卡罗来纳州，一场由政府资助的称之为“怒对阴霾”的禁烟运动使得香烟变得很逊。

2012Text 1【全文翻译】①对于学生甚至许多家长而言，家庭作业从来没有特别受欢迎过，但是在最近几年，家庭作业尤其受轻视。

②全美国的学区都在调整他们对布置家庭作业这一教学常规的看法，洛杉矶联合学区最近也在这样做。

③不幸的是，洛杉矶联合学区制定了一项死板的政策，即除一些高级课程外，家庭作业在学业成绩中所占的比率不能高于10%。

①这一规定旨在解决家庭贫困或者家庭环境混乱的学生在完成家庭作业时可能面临的困难。

②但这一规定不够明确而且自相矛盾。

③当然，老师不应该布置一些需要学生借助昂贵的设备才能完成的作业。

④但如果学区允许因家庭环境复杂而无法完成作业的学生通过考试，这极有可能意味着应该降低对来自贫穷家庭学生的学业要求。

①学区负责人表示，家庭作业仍然是学校教育的一部分；老师可以布置家庭作业，而且没有数量的限制。

②但由于家庭作业仅占学业成绩的10%，因此学生很有可能逃避一半的作业量，也不会影响成绩。

③有些不完成作业的学生也可能在州级考试中取得良好的成绩，但对于那些考试成绩优良同时又完成作业的学生来讲会怎样呢？④家庭作业很可能起了很重要的作用。

⑤这一政策施加了一条通用的统一规定，而没有授权老师去寻找对学生最有帮助的家庭作业。

①同时，这一政策也没有解决任何关于家庭作业的真正棘手的问题。

②如果学区认为家庭作业对于提高学生的学业水平并不重要，那么它就应该鼓励（老师）少布置或者不布置家庭作业，而不是将作业在成绩中所占的比重降到几乎为零。

③相反，如果家庭作业重要，那么它就应该在成绩中占比较大的比重。

④同时，这一政策没有保证学生要完成的作业是有意义的并且符合他们的年龄和所学科目，也没有保证老师所布置的作业没有超过他们愿意检查和批改的量。

①在负责制定教育政策的学校董事会调查此事并召开公开听证会时，现有的关于家庭作业的规定都应暂时搁置。

②对于洛杉矶联合学区而言，正确处理家庭作业这一问题还为时不晚。

Text 2【全文翻译】①红粉扮佳人：成年女性不会记得自己曾对粉色那么痴迷，然而在年轻女孩的生活中，这个颜色无处不在。

Text 1“来吧，大家都在这样做”，这句低声说出的话，有一半成分是邀请，一半是强迫，在听到“朋友压力”这个词时，大多数人会想到这句话。

这句话通常会导致毫无益处的事情——饮酒，吸毒以及随意的性行为。

在缇娜·罗森博格的新书《加入俱乐部》中认为同辈压力通过她所谓的“社会治愈” 也可以成为一种积极的力量，在这种治愈中组织和官员可以利用这种集体动力的能量帮助提高人们的生活，甚至是那句话。

罗森博格是普利策奖的获得者，她列举了许多在运转的社会治愈的例子：在南卡罗莱纳州发起了一个叫做强烈反对烟雾的反吸烟项目，目的是使香烟不再酷。

在南美，发起了一个叫做热爱生活的艾滋预防项目，招募了年轻人在他们的朋友中宣传性安全。

这个想法似乎是可行的，她是一个有感知力的观察者。

他对于公共健康活动的软弱无力做出的评论正中要点：他们没有将同辈压力转变为健康的习惯，而且他们显示出了一种对心理学严重错误的理解。

“你敢与众不同吗，那就不要吸烟！”兴起了一个以在青年人中减少吸烟为目的的标语运动，这些青年人想做的只是融入。

罗森博格的建议令人信服：公共健康支持者应该向广告商取经，他们很擅长于应用同辈压力。

但对于社会治愈的综合效力，罗森博格并没有说服力。

她的书中充满了太多无关的细节，没有足够的社会和生物原因来解释同辈压力为何如此巨大。

我们可以看出社会治愈最明显的缺陷就是，从长期来看，它的作用并不好。

一旦资金被削减，反烟运动就会失败。

只有有限的和杂乱的证据可以证明热爱生活运动可以引起长远的改变。

毫无疑问我们的朋友圈对我们的行为产生巨大的影响。

一个新出现的研究机构表示，积极健康和坏习惯都通过社交在朋友圈中传播。

这是同辈压力一个隐秘的形式：我们会无意识的模仿我们每天看到的行为。

然而，很不确定的是，专家和官员如何能通过选择朋友圈来成功控制人们的行为使其朝着准确正确的方向。

这就像老师将后排惹是生非的学生群分开，让他们与好学生坐一起。

这种策略从来没有有效过。