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2014年考研英语阅读真题Text 1In order to “change lives for the better” and reduce “dependency,” George Osbome,Chancellor of the Exchequer, introduced the “upfront work search” scheme. Only if the jobless arrive at the job centre with a register for online job search, and start looking for work will they be eligible for benefit-and then they should report weekly rather than fortnightly. What could be more reasonable?为了“让生活变得更美好”以及减少“依赖”，英国财政大臣乔治•奥斯本引入了“求职预付金”计划。
只有当失业者带着简历到就业中心，注册在线求职并开始找工作，才有资格获得补助金——然后他们应该每周而非每两周报告一次。
有什么比这更合理呢？More apparent reasonableness followed. There will now be a seven-day wait for the jobseeker’s allowance. “Those first few days should be spent looking for work, not looking to sign on.” he claimed. “We’re doing these things because we k now they help people say off benefits and help those on benefits get into work faster” Help? Really? On first hearing, this was the socially concerned chancellor, trying to change lives for the better, complete with “reforms” to an obviously indulgent system that demands too little effort from the newly unemployed to find work, and subsides laziness. What motivated him, we were to understand, was his zeal for “fundamental fairness”-protecting the taxpayer, controlling spending and ensuring that only the most deserving claimants received their benefits.更加明显的合理性如下。
考研英语2004阅读答案【篇一：历年考研英语一阅读真题翻译(2004-2014)】xt>text 1in order to “change lives for the better” and reduce “dependency,” george osbome,chancellor of the exchequer, introduced the “upfront work search” scheme. only if the jobless arrive at the job centre with a register for online job search, and start looking for work will they be eligible forbenefit-and then they should report weekly rather than fortnightly. what could be more reasonable?为了“让生活变得更美好”以及减少“依赖”，英国财政大臣乔治?奥斯本引入了“求职预付金”计划。
只有当失业者带着简历到就业中心，注册在线求职并开始找工作，才有资格获得补助金——然后他们应该每周而非每两周报告一次。
有什么比这更合理呢？more apparent reasonableness followed. there will now be a seven-day wait for the jobseeker’s allowance. “those first few days should be spent looking for work, not looking to sign on.” he claimed. “we’re doing these things because we know they help people say off benefits and help those on benefits get into work faster” help? really? on first hearing, this was the socially concerned chancellor, trying to change lives for the better, complete with “reforms” to an obviously indulgent system that demands too little effort from the newly unemployed to find work, and subsides laziness. what motivated him, we were to understand, was his zeal for “fundamental fairness”-protecting the taxpayer, controlling spending and ensuring that only the most deserving claimants received their benefits.更加明显的合理性如下。
2014年考研英语阅读真题Text 1In order to “change lives for the better” and reduce “dependency,” George Osbome,Chancellor of the Exchequer, introduced the “upfront work search” scheme. Only if the jobless arrive at the job centre with a register for online job search, and start looking for work will they be eligible for benefit-and then they should report weekly rather than fortnightly. What could be more reasonable?为了“让生活变得更美好”以及减少“依赖”，英国财政大臣乔治•奥斯本引入了“求职预付金”计划。
只有当失业者带着简历到就业中心，注册在线求职并开始找工作，才有资格获得补助金——然后他们应该每周而非每两周报告一次。
有什么比这更合理呢？More apparent reasonableness followed. There will now be a seven-day wait for the jobseeker’s allowance. “Those first few days should be spent looking for work, not looking to sign on.” he claimed. “We’re doing these things because we k now they help people say off benefits and help those on benefits get into work faster” Help? Really? On first hearing, this was the socially concerned chancellor, trying to change lives for the better, complete with “reforms” to an obviously indulgent system that demands too little effort from the newly unemployed to find work, and subsides laziness. What motivated him, we were to understand, was his zeal for “fundamental fairness”-protecting the taxpayer, controlling spending and ensuring that only the most deserving claimants received their benefits.更加明显的合理性如下。
2004Text1去年年末，甘特·雷德曼律师在找工作时偶然在网上发现职业资料库“职业建筑师”。
他找来找去并没有找到什么工作，但被这个网址上的“个人搜索代理”所吸引。
它的特点是互动，允许访问者自定求职要求诸如工作地点、职位和薪水，当资料库里出现与个人要求相匹配的工作岗位时它就会通过电子邮件通知求职者。
雷德曼选择关键词“法律”、“知识产权”和“华盛顿特区”。
过了三个星期，雷德曼接到第一份有职位空缺的通知。
他说：“我掘到了金子。
”他把个人简历用电子邮件寄给了雇主，接着就得到了一份驻公司顾问的职务。
因特网上与求职相关的网址数以千计，寻找可能的职业空缺费时效率又低。
有了搜索代理，就没那么多必要反复访问资料库了。
不过，虽然有一个搜索代理成功地为雷德曼找到了工作，就业专家却还是认为搜索代理并不如人意。
比如缩小你的要求条件就有可能对你不利。
一位专家说：“你每回答一次问题你就丧失一次机会。
”寻找任何职业，你都要从一个狭窄的概念开始，即你想干什么工作，然后再加以扩展。
有一位专家说：“任何这些程序中都没有那种扩展功能。
”“所有这一切都不包含职业咨询。
”相反，最佳的策略是把代理当作一种提示服务来及时跟踪某一资料库里的工作岗位信息。
当你收到电子邮件时，你就把它当作一种提醒再去查一查资料库。
一位职业搜索指南的作者说：“我不会依赖代理在数据库增加的每一项内容里去逐一寻找可能令我感兴趣的东西。
”一些网络谋划让代理诱惑寻职者成为回头客。
比如，当求职网代理向注册服务的用户发送信息时，它只提供三个它认为最可能匹配的岗位。
可能，在资料库里还有更多的匹配项；求职者于是只好再次访问这个网址来寻找一求职者的确会一而再、再而三地来上网寻找。
求职网销售副总裁塞思·皮茨说：“我们发送这些信息的当天访问量就急剧增长。
”即使非求职的人士也会发现搜索代理值得一览。
有些人利用搜索代理密切观察对于本行业的需求或搜集有关加薪的信息以备增薪谈判时胸有成竹。
2004年考研英语一阅读真题及答案考研英语一阅读真题：Passage OneQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:Five competitive forces are shaping the globalizing pharmaceutical industry. These forces include the need to expand into new markets, to access new drugs, to reduce costs and increase efficiency, to respond to increasing prevalence of chronic diseases, and to establish an intellectual-property-based advantage. By managing these forces, companies can position themselves competitively within the industry.To succeed in new markets, companies must penetrate international markets and establish a strong sales and marketing presence. This requires customization of pharmaceutical products for local markets, developing direct sales forces, and establishing important relationships with local physicians and regulators. Companies must also manage the complexities of different reimbursement policies, intellectual-property rights, and regulatory submission requirements.Acquiring new drugs with established safety and efficacy profiles is critical for leading global pharmaceutical companies. Though internal R&D productivity has improved, there is still a substantial need to access additional compounds. Broader drug development networks can help companies gain access to external candidates. Many companies are turning to small biotech firms to help augment their research productivity. These firms use large genomic databases and the latest technologies to screen forpotential drug candidates. Global pharmaceutical companies are also exploring mergers, acquisitions, and licensing agreements as ways to access compounds.To reduce costs and increase efficiency, companies are investing inR&D informatics infrastructure, which helps improve the productivity ofR&D investment. Global R&D information-technology (IT) groups have been established to build R&D informatics capability to support clinical-data management, data warehousing, statistical analysis, reporting, and modeling.Chronic diseases are replacing infectious diseases as the primary drivers of global healthcare demand. Pharmaceutical companies will have to shift their R&D strategies to address diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, and cancer. Some companies have reorganized their R&D structures to create new units focused on researching specific therapeutic areas or diseases.Intellectual-property-based advantage is crucial in the pharmaceutical industry because strong proprietary positions provide competitive differentiation and commercial strength. Many companies are working on gaining exclusive rights to drug compounds, delivery mechanisms, and advanced technologies. This allows them to build barriers to potential competition and to extend the lives of existing products.36. What need do pharmaceutical companies have to expand into new markets?答案：To succeed in new markets, companies must penetrate international markets and establish a strong sales and marketing presence.37. How can pharmaceutical companies access new drugs?答案：Companies can access new drugs by acquiring new drugs with established safety and efficacy profiles, turning to small biotech firms to help augment their research productivity, and exploring mergers, acquisitions, and licensing agreements.38. What are pharmaceutical companies doing to reduce costs and increase efficiency?答案：Pharmaceutical companies are investing in R&D informatics infrastructure, establishing global R&D information-technology (IT) groups to improve the productivity of R&D investment.39. Why do pharmaceutical companies need to respond to increasing prevalence of chronic diseases?答案：Chronic diseases are replacing infectious diseases as the primary drivers of global healthcare demand, so pharmaceutical companies need to shift their R&D strategies to address diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, and cancer.40. Why is establishing an intellectual-property-based advantage crucial in the pharmaceutical industry?答案：Establishing an intellectual-property-based advantage is crucial because it provides competitive differentiation and commercial strength, allowing companies to build barriers to potential competition and extend the lives of existing products.答案解析：36. 根据原文第二段"To succeed in new markets, companies must penetrate international markets and establish a strong sales and marketing presence."可知，制药公司需要扩展到新市场是为了在国际市场上取得成功并建立强大的销售和市场推广能力。
历年翻译真题演练（2004-2015）参考译文【2004年翻译真题】41. 希腊人认为，语言结构与思维过程之间存在着某种联系。
早在人们认识到语言可能是千差万别的之前，这种观点就在欧洲扎下了根。
42. 我们非常感激他们，因为随着讲这些语言的民族的消亡或者被同化，这些民族也就丧失了自己的本族语言，其中一些语言在此之后便不复存在了。
43. 新近被描述的语言与已被充分研究过的欧洲语言和东南亚语言明显不同，因此有些学者甚至指责Boas 和Sapir的资料是编造出来的。
44. 由于对语言与思维的关系非常感兴趣，沃尔夫逐渐形成了这样一个观点: 一个社会中语言的结构决定一个社会思维习惯的结构。
45. 沃尔夫进而相信某种类似语言决定论的观点，该观点极端地认为:语言束缚思维，语言的语法结构能够对一个社会的文化产生深远的影响。
【2005年翻译真题】46. 电视是引发和传播这些感受的方式之一——在连接不同民族和国家之间的关系方面，电视以前也许还从来没有像在欧洲最近发生的事件中那样，起到过如此重大的作用。
47. 像其他地方一样，欧洲的多媒体集团也变得越来越成功，他们把相互之间关系密切的电视、广播、报纸、杂志、出版社整合到了一起。
48. 仅这一点就足以表明，要在电视行业里生存不是一件容易的事情；有统计数字可以进一步说明这个事实，在1989年欧洲80个电视网中，有至少50%都出现了亏损。
49. 不同的文化和传统把欧洲大陆编织在一起，要创造出一种尊重这些不同文化和传统的“欧洲特征”绝非易事，需要作出战略性的选择。
50. 在应对如此规模挑战的过程中，可以毫不夸张地说：“联合，我们就会胜利；分裂，我们就会失败。
”【2006年翻译真题】46. 我认为，知识分子的定义是这样的：他选择使用苏格拉底式的方式来思考道德问题，将此作为自己人生的首要任务，并从中获得乐趣。
47. 他的职责与法官相似，要尽可能清楚明白地展示自己作出决定的推理过程，这是他必须承担的责任。
2004年考研英语阅读理解部分翻译真题译文+题目翻译但为君故但为君故 整理组Text 1去年末，甘特·雷德曼律师在找工作时偶然发现网上有一个被称作“职业建筑师”的求职资料库。
他找来找去，没有找到需要的工作，但却被该网站上的“个人搜索代理”所吸引。
其特点是互动性，这样访问者就可敲入一些和工作标准相关的关键词，如：地点、职位和薪水等等，然后当资料库里出现了相匹配的职位时，“代理”就会把这些信息用电子邮件发出去。
雷德曼选择了关键词“法律”、“知识产权”和“华盛顿”。
过了三个星期后，雷德曼接到了第一个职位空缺的通知。
他说，“我挖到金子了”。
他把个人简历用电子邮件寄给了雇主，接着就得到了一份驻公司律师的职务。
由于网上的求职招聘网站数不胜数，因此寻找可能的空缺职位变得费时又费力。
而“搜索代理”避免了人工重复性地访问数据库。
不过，虽然有一个“搜索代理”已成功地为雷德曼找到了工作，就业专家们还是指出了“搜索代理”存在的问题。
比如缩小搜索条件很可能对求职或应聘者不利。
一位专家说，“你每回答一个问题就丧失了一次机会”。
寻找任何职业，都得从一个窄的概念出发，即你想要干什么，然后再去扩大它。
“而这是任何程序所无法做到的”，另一位专家说，“程序都不会有隐含的求职建议”。
实际上，最佳策略是把“代理”当作一种提示性服务，来及时跟踪一个特定数据库里的工作信息。
当你收到电子邮件时，把它看作是提醒你该去查一查资料库的新信息了。
一本求职指南的作者这样说到，“我不愿意依赖‘代理’，它只是在数据库里逐一寻找可能让我感兴趣的新东西”。
一些网站在“代理”的程序设计上考虑让它诱使求职者回访网站。
比如，当这些求职网站的“代理”向注册用户发送信息时，只提供三种它认为最匹配的工作。
而实际上，数据库里可能还有更多的匹配项，于是，求职者只得再次访问这个网站来寻找。
事实上，求职者真的这样做。
求职网销售副总裁塞思·皮茨说，“在我们发送新信息的当天网站访问量就会急剧上升”。
2004 Text 1Paragraph 11、Hunting for a job late last year, lawyer Gant Redman stumbled across CareerBuilder, a job database on the Internet. 去年年末，甘特〃雷德曼律师在找工作时偶然在网上发现职业资料库“职业建筑师”。
1.1 stumble英/'stʌmb(ə)l/ 美/'stʌmbl/n. 绊倒；蹒跚而行vi. 踌躇，蹒跚；失足；犯错vt. 使…困惑；使…绊倒stumble across=come across=encounter 偶然遇到，偶然发现1.2 database英/'deɪtəbeɪs/ 美/'detəbes/n. 数据库，资料库1.3 hunt for a job=search a job求职，找工作hunt捕猎hunter猎人hint暗示、线索clue线索，情节grip 抓牢，紧握2、He searched it with no success but was attract ed by the site`s “personal search agent”. 他找来找去并没有找到什么工作，但被这个网址上的“个人搜索代理”所吸引。
2.1 attract英/ə'trækt/ 美/ə'trækt/vt. 吸引；引起vi. 吸引；有吸引力2.2 website=site网站/网址Website英/'websait/ 美/'websait/ n. 网站（全球资讯网的主机站）2.3 agency英/'eɪdʒ(ə)nsɪ/ 美/'edʒənsi/n. 代理，中介；代理处，经销处2.4 CIA中央情报局（Central Intelligence Agency）the Xinhua News Agency新华社3、It`s an interactive feature that lets visitors key in job criteria such as location, title, and salary, then E-mails them when a matching position is posted in the database. Redman chose the keywords legal, intellectual property and Washington, D.C. 它的特点是互动，允许访问者自定求职要求诸如工作地点、职位和薪水，当资料库里出现与个人要求相匹配的工作岗位时它就会通过电子邮件通知求职者。
2014年考研英语阅读真题Text 1In order to “change lives for the better” and reduce “dependency,” GeorgeOsbome,Chancellor of the Exchequer, introduced the “upfront work search” scheme. Only if the jobless arrive at the job centre with a register for online job search, and start looking for work will they be eligible for benefit-and then they should report weekly rather than fortnightly. What could be more reasonable?为了“让生活变得更美好”以及减少“依赖”，英国财政大臣乔治?奥斯本引入了“求职预付金”计划。
只有当失业者带着简历到就业中心，注册在线求职并开始找工作，才有资格获得补助金——然后他们应该每周而非每两周报告一次。
有什么比这更合理呢？More apparent reasonableness followed. There will now be a seven-day wait for the jobseeker’s allowance. “Those first few days should be spent looking for work, not lookingto sign on.” he claimed. “We’re doing these things because we know they help people say off benefits and help those on benefits get into work faster” Help? Really? On first hearing, this was the socially concerned chancellor, trying to change lives for the better, complete with “reforms” to an obviously indulgent sys tem that demands too little effort from the newly unemployed to find work, and subsides laziness. What motivated him, we were to understand, was his zeal for “fundamental fairness”-protecting the taxpayer, controlling spending and ensuring that only the most deserving claimants received their benefits.更加明显的合理性如下。
2014年考研英语阅读真题Text 1In order to “change lives for the better” and reduce “dependency,” GeorgeOsbome,Chancellor of the Exchequer, introduced the “upfront work search” scheme. Only if the jobless arrive at the job centre with a register for online job search, and start looking for work will they be eligible for benefit-and then they should report weekly rather than fortnightly. What could be more reasonable?为了“让生活变得更美好”以及减少“依赖”，英国财政大臣乔治?奥斯本引入了“求职预付金”计划。
只有当失业者带着简历到就业中心，注册在线求职并开始找工作，才有资格获得补助金——然后他们应该每周而非每两周报告一次。
有什么比这更合理呢？More apparent reasonableness followed. There will now be a seven-day wait for the jobseeker’s allowance. “Those first few days should be spent looking for work, not lookingto sign on.” he claimed. “We’re doing these things because we know they help people say off benefits and help those on benefits get into work faster” Help? Really? On first hearing, this was the socially concerned chancellor, trying to change lives for the better, complete with “reforms” to an obviously indulgent sys tem that demands too little effort from the newly unemployed to find work, and subsides laziness. What motivated him, we were to understand, was his zeal for “fundamental fairness”-protecting the taxpayer, controlling spending and ensuring that only the most deserving claimants received their benefits.更加明显的合理性如下。
2014年考研英语阅读真题Text 1In order to “change lives for the better” and reduce “dependency,” George Osbome,Chancellor of the Exchequer, introduced the “upfront work search” scheme. Only if the jobless arrive at the job centre with a register for online job search, and start looking for work will they be eligible for benefit-and then they should report weekly rather than fortnightly. What could be more reasonable?为了“让生活变得更美好”以及减少“依赖”，英国财政大臣乔治•奥斯本引入了“求职预付金”计划。
只有当失业者带着简历到就业中心，注册在线求职并开始找工作，才有资格获得补助金——然后他们应该每周而非每两周报告一次。
有什么比这更合理呢？More apparent reasonableness followed. There will now be a seven-day wait for the jobseeker’s allowance. “Those first few days should be spent looking for work, not looking to sign on.” he claimed. “We’re doing these things because we know they help people sa y off benefits and help those on benefits get into work faster” Help? Really? On first hearing, this was the socially concerned chancellor, trying to change lives for the better, complete with “reforms” to an obviously indulgent system that demands too little effort from the newly unemployed to find work, and subsides laziness. What motivated him, we were to understand, was his zeal for “fundamental fairness”-protecting the taxpayer, controlling spending and ensuring that only the most deserving claimants received their benefits.更加明显的合理性如下。
现在领取求职者补贴要等待七天。
“这前几天应该用来找工作，而不是办理失业登记（以获得救济金）。
”他说，“我们这样做是因为我们知道，这样会帮助人们摆脱补助并让依赖补助的人尽快就业。
”帮助？真的吗？乍一听，这是位关心社会的大臣，他努力改善人们的生活，包括对一个明显放纵的体系的“改革”，这个体系不要求新失业者付出多少努力去找工作，为其懒惰埋单。
我们将会知道，激励他的是他对“基本的公正”的热诚——保护纳税人，控制花费以及确保只有最值得帮助的申请者才能得到补助金。
Los ing a job is hurting: you don’t skip down to the job centre with a song in your heart, delighted at the prospect of doubling your income from the generous state. It is financially terrifying psychologically embarrassing and you know that support is minimal and extraordinarily hard to get. You are now not wanted; you support is minimal and extraordinarily hard to get. You are now not wanted; you are now excluded from the work environment that offers purpose and structure in your life. Worse, the crucial income to feed yourself and your family and pay the bills has disappeared. Ask anyone newly unemployed what they want and the answer is always: a job.失业是痛苦的：你不会内心歌唱并跳跃着到就业中心去，为从这个慷慨国度得到加倍收入的前景而欣喜。
在经济上它令人生畏，在心理感到难堪，并且你还知道那种扶持的微薄和非常难以得到。
现在没人需要你；你现在被排除在工作环境之外，那里会给予你人生的目标和体制。
更糟糕的是，失去了用以养家糊口和支付账单的至关重要的收入。
问任何新失业者他们想要什么，答案永远是：一份工作。
But in Osborne land, your first instinct is to fall into dependency- permanent dependency if you can get it-supported by a state only too ready to indulge your falsehood. It is as though 20 years of ever- tougher reforms of the job search and benefit administration system never happened. The principle of British welfare is no longer that you can insure yourself against the risk of unemployment and receive unconditional payments if the disaster happens. Even the very phrase ‘jobseeker’s allowance’invented in 1996- is about redefining the unemployed as a “jobseeker” who had no mandatory right to a benefit he or she has earned through making nationalinsurance contributions. Instead, the claimant receives a time-limited “allowance,” conditional on actively seeking a job; no entitlement and no insurance, at £71.70 a week, one of the least generous in the EU.但是在奥斯本之国，你的第一反应就是坠入依赖——永远的依赖，如果你能得到的话——它由一个非常乐意放任你弄虚作假的国家所支持。
好像这二十年一直严厉的求职和补助金管理系统的改革从未发生过。
英国福利的原则不再是如果发生灾难，你能为自己投保失业险和得到无条件赔付。
甚至正是“求职者补贴”这个词语，在将失业者重新定义为“求职者”，他人通过缴纳国民保险金可享有补助，而求职者则没有这个基本权利。
作为替代，申请者得到的是一周71.70 英镑的限时“补贴”，条件是积极地找工作：没有津贴也没有保险，在欧盟这也是最小气之一了。
Text 2All around the world, lawyers generate more hostility than the members of any other profession---with the possible exception of journalism. But there are few places where clients have more grounds for complaint than America.Dur-ing the decade before the economic crisis, spending on legal services in America grew twice as fast as inflation. The best lawyers made skyscrapers-full of money, tempting ever more students to pile into law schools. But most law graduates never get a big-firm job. Many of them instead become the kind of nuisance-lawsuit filer that makes the tort system a costly nightmare.There are many reasons for this. One is the excessive costs of a legal education. There is just one path for a lawyer in most American states: a four-year undergraduate degree at one of 200 law schools authorized by the American Bar Association and an expensive preparation for the bar exam. This leaves today’s average law-school graduate with $100,000 of debt on top of undergraduate debts. Law-school debt means that they have to work fearsomely hard.Reform-ing the system would help both lawyers and their customers. Sensible ideas have been around for a long time, but the state-level bodies that govern the profession have been too conservative to imple-ment them. One idea is to allow people to study law as an undergraduate degree. Another is to let students sit for the bar after only two years of law school. If the bar exam is truly a stern enough test for a would-be lawy-er, those who can sit it earlier should be allowed to do so. Students who do not need the extra training could cut their debt mountain by a third.The other reason why costs are so high is the restrictive guild-like ownership structure of the business. Except in the District of Columbia, non-lawyers may not own any share of a law firm. This keeps fees high and innovation slow. There is pressure for change from within the profession, but oppo-nents of change among the regulators insist that keeping outsiders out of a law firm isolates lawyers from the pressure to make money rather than serve clients ethically.In fact, allowing non-lawyers to own shares in law firms would reduce costs and improve services to customers, by encouraging law firms to use technology and to employ professional managers to focus on improving firms’ efficiency. After all, other co untries, such as Australia and Britain, have started liberalizing their legal professions. America should follow.在全世界，律师比任何其他职业的人都更招憎恨——新闻业可能是个例外。
