英汉互译中的词类转换-汇总

英语知识在汉英翻译中可进行各种词类的转换,例如：汉语动词转换成英语名词、形容词、介词；汉语形容词或副词转换成英语名词；汉语名词转换成英语动词等等。

其中，汉语动词转换成英语抽象名词尤为普遍。

高校常用的翻译教材，如张培基、吕瑞昌、冯庆华等编撰的翻译教材均将这种转换列在第一位。

请看以下各例：例1．中国政府承诺不对无核国家使用核武器。

如不注意词性转换，译文可能是：The Chinese government undertakes not to use (that it will not use) nuclear weapons against non-nuclear countries.这种译文显得有些口语化，不够庄重。

不如改用抽象名词non-use:The Chinese government undertakes non-use of nuclear weapons against non-nuclear countries.例2．禁止任何叛国、分裂国家、煽动叛乱及窃取国家机密的行为。

译文一：To prohibit any act of treason, acts to split the country, incite rebellion and steal secrets.译文二：To prohibit any act of treason, secession, sedition and theft of state secrets.以上译文一使用split , incite, steal 等动词虽然语义正确，但似乎不够庄重。

译文二使用抽象名词，因而显得文字严谨，适合正式法律条文的风格。

例3．技术引进合同应当订明下列事项：引进技术的保密义务，改进技术的归属和分享。

译文一：Provisions on the obligation to keep confidential theimported technology, and ownership of the right to copy any improvements made to the technology.译文二：Provisions on the confidentiality obligation as regards the imported technology, and ownership of the right to copy any improvements made to the technology.对于"保密"这一动作译文一使用相应的动词keeping confidential，显得过于口语化。

英汉翻译中的词性转换一、本文概述翻译，作为语言交流的桥梁，在跨文化、跨语言的交流中扮演着至关重要的角色。

英汉翻译，作为其中最为常见和重要的分支之一，其技巧与方法对于提高翻译质量和效率具有深远的影响。

在英汉翻译实践中，词性转换是一种常见的翻译技巧，其运用得当与否直接影响到译文的质量。

本文旨在探讨英汉翻译中的词性转换现象，分析其必要性、常见类型及其在英语汉语言特点下的应用，以期为翻译实践提供有益的参考和指导。

本文将简要介绍英汉翻译中词性转换的必要性，阐述为何在翻译过程中需要进行词性转换，以及这种转换对于提高翻译质量的重要性。

本文将详细分析英汉翻译中常见的词性转换类型，包括名词与动词之间的转换、形容词与副词之间的转换等，并结合具体实例进行说明。

本文将探讨英汉翻译中词性转换的应用策略，结合英语和汉语的语言特点，分析如何在实际翻译中灵活运用词性转换技巧，以实现译文的准确、流畅和地道。

通过本文的阐述和分析，希望能够帮助读者更好地理解和掌握英汉翻译中的词性转换技巧，提高翻译实践中的应变能力和翻译质量，推动英汉翻译事业的不断发展和进步。

二、词性转换的基本概念词性转换，即在翻译过程中，将源语言中的某一词类转换为目标语言中的另一词类，而不改变其原意，是英汉翻译中一种常见的翻译技巧。

这种技巧的运用，旨在使译文更加地道、流畅，更符合目标语言的表达习惯。

在英汉翻译中，由于两种语言的语法结构和表达习惯存在差异，因此，翻译时常常需要进行词性转换。

例如，英语中的动词在汉语中可能需要转换为名词、形容词或副词；同样，汉语中的名词在英语中也可能需要转换为动词、形容词或副词。

这种转换并不是随意的，而是需要基于对源语言和目标语言的理解和掌握，以及对翻译原则的遵循。

词性转换的翻译技巧可以分为两类：一是完全转换，即源语言中的某一词类完全转换为目标语言中的另一词类；二是部分转换，即源语言中的某一词类在转换为目标语言时，仍然保留部分原词类的特性。

英语知识在‎汉英翻译中可进行‎各种词类的转换,‎例如：汉语动词转‎换成英语名词、形‎容词、介词；汉语‎形容词或副词转换‎成英语名词；汉语‎名词转换成英语动‎词等等。

其中，汉‎语动词转换成英语‎抽象名词尤为普遍‎。

高校常用的翻译‎教材，如张培基、‎吕瑞昌、冯庆华等‎编撰的翻译教材均‎将这种转换列在第‎一位。

请看以下各‎例：例1．‎中国政府承诺不‎对无核国家使用核‎武器。

如‎不注意词性转换，‎译文可能是：‎The Ch‎i nese go‎v ernment‎underta‎k es not ‎t o use (‎t hat it ‎w ill not‎use) nu‎c lear we‎a pons ag‎a inst no‎n-nuclea‎r countr‎i es.‎这种译文显得有些‎口语化，不够庄重‎。

不如改用抽象名‎词non-use‎:The‎Chinese‎governm‎e nt unde‎r takes n‎o n-use o‎f nuclea‎r weapon‎s agains‎t non-nu‎c lear co‎u ntries.‎例2．‎禁止任何叛国、分‎裂国家、煽动叛乱‎及窃取国家机密的‎行为。

译‎文一：To pr‎o hibit a‎n y act o‎f treaso‎n, acts ‎t o split‎the cou‎n try, in‎c ite reb‎e llion a‎n d steal‎secrets‎.译文二‎：To proh‎i bit any‎act of ‎t reason,‎secessi‎o n, sedi‎t ion and‎theft o‎f state ‎s ecrets.‎以上译文‎一使用spli‎t, inci‎t e, stea‎l等动词虽然语‎义正确，但似乎不‎够庄重。

译文二使‎用抽象名词，因而‎显得文字严谨，适‎合正式法律条文的‎风格。

词性的转译：（汉译英）动词转译成名词、名词性从句、介词词组汉语动词(词组)转换为英语的介词词组（汉语连动句的存在，和英语多名词、介词的特点）：宴请…to hold/give/host a banquet in honor of …根据你们的要求at your request应……的邀请at the invitation of sb.在……的陪同下in the company of代表on behalf of以……的名义in the name of …纪念in memory/commemoration of…;庆祝in celebration of; to celebrate他妹妹老是说谎。

His sister is a great liar.他统治那个地区长达20年之久。

He had been the ruler of that region for almost two decades/as long as twenty years.动词转为其同词源的名词环保事业加快发展。

（减译）The development of environmental protection sped up.坚持一个中国的原则，是实现和平统一的基础和前提。

Adherence to the principle of one China is the basis and premise for peaceful reunification.对于台湾同外国发展民间经济文化关系，我们不持异议。

We do not challenge the development of nongovernmental economic and cultural ties by Taiwan with other countries.这为东南亚各国保持经济持续增长，发展经济合作，创造了重要的前提条件。

This has provided an important prerequisite for the sustained economic growth of East Asian countries and the development of their economic cooperation.司机违反任何交通规则都要受到警察的罚款The drivers will be fined by the police if they violate any traffic rules.(跟下句比较，主语的选择)Violation of any traffic rules will be fined by the police.中国人民，百年以来，不屈不挠，再接再厉地英勇斗争，使得帝国主义至今不能灭亡中国，也永远不能灭亡（subjugate）中国。

英语翻译词类转换：转译成名词（1）（一）形容词与副词的互相转译1．英语名词译成汉语动词时，修饰该名词的形容词往往转译成汉语副词。

如：1）Occasionally a drizzle came down，and the intermittent flashes of lightening made us turn apprehensive glances toward Zero．偶尔下一点毛毛雨，断断续续的闪电使得我们不时忧虑地朝着零区方向望去。

2）It was a clear and unemotional exposition of the President's reasons for willing to begin a Chinese－American dialogue．这篇发言清楚明白、心平气和地说明了总统希望开始中美对话的原因。

2．英语动词译成汉语名词时，修饰该动词的副词往往转译成形容词。

如：1）He routinely radioed another agent on the ground．他跟另一个地勤人员进行了例行的无线电联络。

2）The President had prepared meticulously for his journey．总统为这次出访作了十分周密的准备。

3．由于英汉两种语言表达方式不同，还有一些英语形容词可译为汉语副词。

如：1）This is sheer nonsense．（这完全是胡说。

）2）Buckley was in a clear minority．（巴克利显然属于少数。

）3）By dialing the right number，you may be able to select a play，golf lesson or lecture in physics，from a pretaped library in a remote city，for showing on your home screen．只要拨对了号码，你就可以在家里电视机上选看到有远方城市一座图书馆发出的预先录制的一出戏、一堂打高尔夫球的讲课，或者一次物理学演讲。

词类转换翻译由于英汉两种语言分属两个不同的语系，它们在语言的表达方式上各有各的特点。

尽管它们在词类划分上大致相同，但词类的使用频率在两种语言中却有所差异。

英语中频繁使用名词和介词，而汉语中却经常使用动词。

因而，在英汉互译中，经常要用到词类转换法，即根据上下文和译文的表达习惯，在不改变原文词义的前提下，将原文中某些词的词性在译文中作相应的变化，以便使译文读起来更加通顺。

1. 英语名词译为汉语动词1) The economic environment is characterized by buyers, sellers and competitors.2) Laser is one of the most sensational developments in recent years, because of its applicability to many fields of science and its adaptability to practical uses.3) Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe.2. 英语形容词译为汉语动词1) They are quite content with the data obtained from the experiment.2) We are especially grateful to you for arranging the meeting for us with the Machinery Trading Delegation at such short notice.3. 英语副词译为汉语动词1) When the switch is off, the circuit is open and electricity doesn’t go through.2) In this case the temperature in the furnace is up.4. 英语介词译为汉语动词1) President Lincoln proposed to establish a government of the people,by the people, and for the people.2) A force is needed to move an object against inertia.5.英语动词译为汉语名词1)The design aims at automatic operation, easy regulation, simple maintenance and high productivity.2)Such materials are characterized by good insulation and high resistance to wear.3)The volume of trade has increased tremendously to the advantage of both countries.6. 英语形容词译为汉语名词1) Computers are more flexible, and can do a greater variety of jobs.2) In the fission processes the fission fragments are very radioactive.7. 英语副词译为汉语名词1) Oxygen is one of the most important elements in the physical world, and it is very active chemically.2) The paper said editorially that with unemployment high and the dollar low the economy will be the President’s sternest trial.3) All structural materials behave plastically above their elastic range.。

英译汉4-词汇翻译词类转换第一篇：英译汉4-词汇翻译词类转换第三单元词汇翻译第二节词类转换一、转译为动词1、带有动作意味的名词例1.Television is transmission and reception of images of moving objects by radio waves.例 2.The American people demanded his release.He won praise for his release of the prisoners of war.例3.The sight and sound of our jet plane filled me with special longing.例4.I am afraid I can’t teach you swimming.I think my little brother is a better teacher than I.例5.We are enemies of all aggressive wars.例6.The next news bulletin, shorter than usual, made no mention of the demonstration.2、表示动作的介词例1.A force is needed to move an object against inertia.例2.The letter I is commonly used for current, E for electromotive force, and R for resistance.例3.In his early days he abandoned medicine for literature.3、动词衍生的形容词和表示感觉的形容词例1.Sugar and salt are both soluble in water.例2.The Republicans are out, the Democrats in.例3.They are not sure they can save his life.例4.She is familiar with English.二、转译为名词1、动词例1.Often property damage and disrupted lives result.例2.The earth on which we live is shaped like a ball.例3.Mercury weighs about thirteen times as much as water.例4.When this happens, the light is said to be reflected.2、形容词例1.They did their best to help the sick and the poor.例2.Stevenson was eloquent and elegant—but soft.例3.The Wildefamily were religious.3、副词例1.He is physically weak but mentally sound.例2.They have not done so well ideologically, as organizationally.例3.Certainly people in enterprises must be mathematically informed if they are to make wise decision.三、转译为形容词1、名词例1.The pallor of her face indicated clearly how she was feeling at the moment.例2.The lower stretches of rivers show considerable variety.例3.I am a perfect stranger to physics.2、副词例1.The President had prepared meticulously for his journey.四、转译为副词1、名词例1.When he catches a glimpse of potential antagonist, his instinct is to win him over with charm and humor.2、形容词例1.We took brief, restless naps.例2.I marveled at the relentless determination of the rain.例3.This is sheer nonsense.例4.Buckley was in a clear minority.第二篇：浅析英译汉翻译中词类转换技巧浅析英译汉翻译中词类转换技巧【摘要】英语作为一门国际语言和交流工具，随着我国国力的增加，已经在沟通和交流文化及商业中起到了举足轻重的作用。