重大商务英语翻译第三次翻译作业-词类转换A

商务英语翻译之词汇翻译一：词义的选择（Choice of Meanings）（一）根据汉语的表达习惯确定词义1. a low figure 小数目2.workers on low incomes 低收入工人3.The simplest way to succeed in business is to buy low and sell high.生意成功最简单的途径就是贱买贵卖。

4.The value of the pound has fallen to a new low against the dollar.英镑兑换美元的比值已跌到新的（最）低点5.We sell cheap quality goods.我们销售的商品物美价廉6.We have made you an offer at a very competitive price.我方已按很低的价格向贵方报盘。

7.You will find our prices for these goods very popular.贵方将会看出我方此批货物的价格是很便宜的。

8. Please make us your lowest quotation for bikes.请报自行车最低价。

9.If you feel interested in our business proposal, please send us the samples togetherwith your best terms and conditions.如对我方业务建议有兴趣，请寄样品，并告最惠条款。

10.As we have quoted you our rock-bottom price, we can’t give you any more discount.我方已报最低价，折扣不能再多给了（二）根据词性确定词义1. He gets a 10% commission on everything he sells.他每卖一件商品得百分之十的佣金2. Party B is commissioned by the manufacturers to buy steel plates.乙方受制造厂家的委托购买钢板。

Business Collection商务必读2042012年11月 商务英语翻译中词类翻译技巧研究东北电力大学外国语学院 张旭摘 要:在商务英语中，英汉互译中常见的翻译技巧是对于词类翻译的技巧。

本文主要探讨的词类互译的技巧主要是对于动词和名词、形容词和动词，以及动词和介词相互间的翻译类型，从这三个方面加以分析和总结，望对于商务英语的词类翻译技巧有着更为积极的影响。

关键词:商务英语 英汉互译 词类转换中图分类号：F722 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1005-5800(2012)11(c)-204-02在商务英语的翻译中，转换词性是其表达的一大技巧。

在对于汉语和英语两种语言的比较重我们发现，这两种语言在于形容词，动词，名词等的语法上有着如出一辙的相似性，但是中国和美国的地区差异导致了这两种语言有其特殊的表达和含义。

另外，英汉两种语言在组合语法方面有着很大的区别，在语义切分方面区别也很明显。

在实际应用语汇的方面更有着天壤之别，差异显著。

所以，在现实的翻译中，不能总是用某种语汇类型去对应单一的语汇。

这样做对于整个翻译来说是极其不利的。

汉英翻译中，对于词类改性是非常必要的，商务英语中更应该这样做，如果不对于某些词的词性进行转换，那么翻译之后读出来就不能流畅顺口。

1 名词与动词的互相转译对于英汉互译的研究者称，名词是英语中占有最重要地位的一种语汇，其作用往往可以代替动词在汉语中所包含的意思，例如对于抽象的行为名词，其往往以名词代替。

而且，在英语中，动词是可以兼有很多类别的语汇，并且英语中的词形变化使得名词往往就是加上后缀的动词而出现。

如-or ，-er ，-tion ，-ance 等。

而动词在汉语中的地位也是英语所不可比较的，在一个句子中，通常有着2~3个动词共同发挥其效用，不仅仅局限于一个动词。

所以，在汉英互译中，许多英文名词可以翻译为中文的动词，许多中文的动词又可以翻译成英文中的名词，或者以“介词+名词”的类型来出现。

1.I think my little brother is a better teacher than I.我想我的弟弟比我教得更好。

2.Londoners are great readers.伦敦人爱好读书3.He is a good eater and a good sleeper.他是个既能吃又能睡的家伙。

4.As he is a perfect stranger in the city, I hope you will give him the necessary help.因为他对这个城市是完全陌生的，所以我希望你能给他提供必要的帮助。

5.Sea gulls are good flyers.海鸥善于飞行。

6.In his article the author is critical of man’s negligence toward his environment.作者在他的文章中表示出了对人类疏于环境保护的批评。

7. A view of the village can be obtained from the tower.从塔上可以看见这个村庄。

8.Before China’s entry into WTO, there were fears that China would have to make too muchconcession.在中国加入世界贸易组织之前,有些人担心中国会做出过多的让步。

9.Too much exposure to TV programs will do great harm to the eyesight ofchildren. （暴漏）看太多的电视节目会严重损害孩子的视力。

10.When the switch is off, the circuit is open and electricity does not go through.当开关断开时,电路变成断路,此时电流就不能通过。

国际贸易合同汉译中的词性转换摘要1. 你知道吗，在国际贸易合同汉译中，名词转动词那可是常有的事儿！比如“The access to the market”可以译为“进入市场”，这里的“access”就从名词变成了动词呀。

2. 哎呀呀，形容词转副词也很有趣呢！像“quick response”可以变成“quickly respond”，这不是很奇妙吗？3. 嘿，动词转名词也不少见哦！“We need to take actions”可以译为“我们需要采取行动”，这里的“actions”就是由动词转换来的呀。

4. 哇塞，介词转动词也有呢！“across the border”可以变成“cross the border”，是不是很有意思？5. 咦，数词转形容词也存在呀！“three times a week”可以说成“three-times-a-week”，真神奇！6. 哇，代词转名词也会出现呢！“They made their decisions”可以变成“their making of decisions”，挺特别的吧！7. 嘿，名词转形容词也时有发生哟！“importance”可以变成“important”呀。

8. 呀，副词转名词也能碰到呢！“quickly”可以变成“quickness”，很新奇吧！9. 哇哦，动词转形容词也会有呀！“He is charming”，这里的“charming”就是由动词转换来的呢。

10. 哈哈，形容词转动词也不少呢！“The beautiful girl smiles charmingly”，“charmingly”就是由形容词转换来的呀。

我觉得在国际贸易合同汉译中，词性转换真的太重要了，它能让翻译更加准确和自然，让双方更好地理解合同内容。

三级笔译模拟试题及答案一、词汇翻译（共20分，每题1分）1. 请将下列中文词汇翻译成英文：- 可持续发展- 人工智能- 国际贸易- 一带一路- 绿色经济2. 请将下列英文词汇翻译成中文：- Sustainable development- Artificial intelligence- International trade- Belt and Road Initiative- Green economy二、句子翻译（共40分，每题4分）1. 中译英：- 随着科技的不断进步，我们的生活变得更加便捷。

- 教育是提高一个国家整体素质的关键。

2. 英译中：- With the continuous advancement of technology, our lives have become more convenient.- Education is the key to improving the overall quality of a nation.三、段落翻译（共40分，每题20分）1. 中译英：- 当今世界，经济全球化已经成为不可逆转的趋势。

各国之间的贸易和投资日益频繁，文化交流也日益密切。

然而，全球化也带来了一些挑战，如环境问题、贫富差距等。

2. 英译中：- In today's world, economic globalization has become an irreversible trend. Trade and investment between countriesare becoming increasingly frequent, and cultural exchangesare also becoming closer. However, globalization has also brought some challenges, such as environmental issues and the wealth gap.四、翻译实践（共100分，每题50分）1. 中译英：- 随着互联网技术的飞速发展，电子商务已经成为现代经济的重要组成部分。

Unit Three 转化在翻译过程中，由于汉语和英语两种语言在语法上和表达习惯上的差异，有时必须改变原来某些词语的词类或句子成分才能有效地传达原文的准确意思。

1．名词的转译Britain has no such natural protection from a flood of Hollywood products.英国没有这种天然的保护来阻挡好莱坞影片的长驱直入。

He is a good eater and a good sleeper.他能吃能睡。

This article aims at discussing new development in component material and techniques.本文的目的在于讨论元件材料和元件技术的新成就。

1．2名词转译为形容词A newly-elected senator is a power,I know that.一个新当选的参议员的确是威风十足，那我是知道的。

Can I be such a villain?难道我能这样伤天害理吗？The young man behaved himself extremely well and is,I believe,a much better gentleman than the girl who abused him.这位年轻人举止十分端正，我相信从人品来说要比侮辱他的那个女孩高贵多了。

1．3名词转译为副词They were sitting on a bank resting the knee and talking of the universe.他们在斜坡上坐着，一面让膝盖休息，一面海阔天空地谈着。

The new mayor earned some appreciation by the courtesy of coming to visit the citypoor.新市长礼貌性地前来访问城市贫民，获得了他们的一些好感。

词性转换商务英语quote1) We should be grateful if you would ___quote______ us for walnuts.2) As the prices ___quoted______ are low and likely to rise, we would advise you to place your order without delay.3) We should be pleased if you would send us the lowest __quotation_____ for the following items.expand1) There is a possibility that the production will be ___expanded_____ on large scale in the second quarter next year.2) We are looking forward to ___expanding_____ business with you.3) We are in hope of continuing our cooperation for further ___expansion____ of our business.recommend1) On the ___recommendation_______ of Mr. Smiths, we are glad to learn that you handle this line.2) Your are ___recommended_______ to us by Thomas Jackson, and we are interested in your digital watch.3) We now ___recommend_______ that you buy a small quantity for trial.state1) We are a __state_______-operated corporation handling exclusively the export and import of chemicals.2) We are sending you our list of price and a pamphlet of samples, ___stating______ the high quantity of our products.3) As ___stated_______ in our letter of July 5, we will arrange shipment on receipt of your L/C.ship1) Please quote us competitive price for 3 tons of bitter apricot for __shipment_____ in September.2) We invite your attention to the fact that the goods should be __shipped_____ before the end of November.3) We have received the goods ___shipped____ by motor vessel.reduce1) Buyers ask for a __reduction_______ in price.2) In order to close this deal we shall further ____reduce_____ our price.3) Our closely calculated price cannot be further __reduced_______.regret1) It is ___regrettable______ to decline your counter offer, however, we can not but do so.2) We are ___regretful______ that we did not advise you earlier.3) We __ regret_____ to say that the quality does not measure up to the contracted standard. approval1) We have tried our best to meet with your __approval_______ in this business.2) Your request has been __approved_______of after our discussion.3) We ____approve______ of the fact that the price of raw material is declining, our quotation will be slightly reduced. handle1) To give you a general idea of our products, we enclose a complete set of leaflets showing various products being __handled_______ by this corporation.2) What items do you mainly ___handle______ ?3) We are the leading importer of electronics in Lagos, mainly ___handling______ the import of the electronic goods. exchange1) We adhere to the principle of equality, mutual benefit and ___exchanging______ what one has for what one needs.2) Our ___exchange______ of cables has resulted in the conclusion of transaction successfully.3) The ____exchange_____ rate has been changed a lot.conclude1) The ___conclusion______ of this transaction will mark the beginning of our long friendly business relations.2) If you should make us a bid, we trust there is a possibility of ___concluding______ the business.3) We’ve ___concluded______ business with other buyers at your end at our level.duly1)The consignment will leave Tianjin by s. s. ”East wind ”, ___due______to arrive at Hamburg sometime in early May.2) We inform you that we’ll execute the order ___duly______.3) We enclosed a copy of your purchase order No. 308 ___duly______ signed by us.establish1) We are arranging for the ___establishment__________of the relative letter of credit with the Bank of China.2) We are looking forward to __establishing_______ direct business relations with you.3) It is understood that a letter of credit in our favor covering the above-mentioned goods will be __established_______ immediately.advise1) We write you this letter,___advising______ the establishment of L/C.2) Please __advise______ us if you can not ship the goods as requested.3) As has been ___advised______ to you, we will effect the shipment before May 15.attach1) We received your letter in which the extension of L/C was required. We attacheda separate sheet giving additional details.2) This amendment to L/C consists of two sheets, including the covering letter and attachment .3) All detailed information about validity of L/C and time of deliver are concluded in___attached__________ list.4) The applicant must submit to issuing bank, as an attachment to such L/C amendment.extend1) Please extend the validity of L/C two more weeks.2) We are afraid the L/C may expire before shipment because of short supply from our manufacture. Therefore please try to get customers’consent to extand the L/C to August 31.3) We have persuaded our customer to arrange for a one-month extension of L/C No.TD204.4) You will find information on extending credit in the letter.valid1) Please extend the validity of L/C and time of shipment respectively.2) Application for amendment is valid for period of 30 days before the discharge of goods.3) We were informed that validity of L/C for electric toy had already been extended up to 20th April.4) The L/C should reach us one month before the shipment and remain valid for negotiation in China till the 15th day after shipment.Ship1) We have booked ____shipping _____ space for your order No.475.2) The goods are to _____be shipped _______by s.s “Shunfeng”for transshipment at Yokohama onto s. s “Victory”3) We have ___shipped ______ the goods on s. s. "London Maru" were instructed by you and enclosed herewith the invoice and the B/L.4) Please ____ship _____ the goods by the board carrying vessel designated by our customers.5)The ____shipment _____ time is at your option and the goods will be shipped in one lot.6) The ____shipping _____ company will responsible for the damage in transit.transship1) Having no direct liner to your port from Qingdao, the goods have to be ___transshipped______ at Hong Kong.2) Only by the end of next month the goods can be ___transshipped ______ via Hong Kong.3) We shall accept your order on condition that the goods are shipped on board per direct steamer without____transshipment _______ .compensate1) You may be assured that all _____compensation _______ will be made by us.2) You should refer to the shipping company for _____compensation ______.3) All the losses you sustained will be _____compensated ______.4) The seller shall ____compensate _____ any damage to the goods before delivery.involve1) This transaction ____involves _____ only a small amount.2) The amount ____involved _____ in this transaction is very small.3) We send you a cheque ____involving _____ about USD$2,000.cover1) We shall provide such insurance ___coverage ______ at your cost.2) This insurance ___covers______ all risks of physical loss of or damage to the insured cargo, unless the insurer proves that one of the exclusions in Part B applies.3) Generally we ___cover______ insurance against WPA and war risk in the absence of definite instructions from our clients.4) We'd like ___to cover______ the porcelain ware against All Risks.insure1)As requested, we __have insured_______ the shipment with the PICC against all risks for $4500.2)We have covered ____insurance_____ for 110% of the invoice value against all risks.3)In that case this insurance shall remain in force, subject to an additional premium if required by ___the insurer______ .4)The insurance company undertakes to insure the under-mentioned goods at the request of ____ the insured_____. arrange1) Don't you wish ____to arrange_____for W.P.A. and additional coverage against Risk of Breakage?2) It is the responsibility of the insured to make ____arrangement_____to pay extra premium.3) We strongly suggest you to make ____arrangement_____with local insurance company for insurance.4) We are ____arranging_____insurance for 130% of invoice value against SRCC.consign1) The insurer will ask for the compensation on behalf of the ___consignee______on the basis of the insurance contract if the goods are damaged at the port of unloading.2) We have insured the _____consignment______ for amount of JP￥2000,0.3)The goods will _____be consigned_______ by rail. You are required to effect insurance accordingly.4)The insurance company shall not be liable for any loss or misdelivery or damage to the caused directly or indirectly by any act, omission, neglect, default or other wrongdoing on the part of ____the consignor_______.。