重大商务英语翻译第三次翻译作业-词类转换A

商务英语翻译之词汇翻译一：词义的选择（Choice of Meanings）（一）根据汉语的表达习惯确定词义1. a low figure 小数目2.workers on low incomes 低收入工人3.The simplest way to succeed in business is to buy low and sell high.生意成功最简单的途径就是贱买贵卖。

4.The value of the pound has fallen to a new low against the dollar.英镑兑换美元的比值已跌到新的（最）低点5.We sell cheap quality goods.我们销售的商品物美价廉6.We have made you an offer at a very competitive price.我方已按很低的价格向贵方报盘。

7.You will find our prices for these goods very popular.贵方将会看出我方此批货物的价格是很便宜的。

8. Please make us your lowest quotation for bikes.请报自行车最低价。

9.If you feel interested in our business proposal, please send us the samples togetherwith your best terms and conditions.如对我方业务建议有兴趣，请寄样品，并告最惠条款。

10.As we have quoted you our rock-bottom price, we can’t give you any more discount.我方已报最低价，折扣不能再多给了（二）根据词性确定词义1. He gets a 10% commission on everything he sells.他每卖一件商品得百分之十的佣金2. Party B is commissioned by the manufacturers to buy steel plates.乙方受制造厂家的委托购买钢板。

商务合同汉译英中形容词转名词的规则商务合同的翻译，说起来复杂，但又不至于难得让人崩溃。

尤其是形容词变成名词这一块，嘿，很多人一开始真是容易摸不着头脑。

咱们先从最简单的说起，形容词嘛，就是描述事物特征的词，像“快速的”，“美丽的”，“强大的”这种。

而名词呢，就是事物本身，像“速度”，“美丽”，“力量”。

在翻译商务合同时，很多时候我们需要把形容词转换成名词，这样才能让句子更流畅，意思也更精准。

说白了，就是从“辣味十足”的辣椒变成“辣味”这种味道来表达了。

看起来像是一个简单的小步骤，其实涉及到的语法和用法细节可不少呢。

咱们不妨先看几个例子，慢慢聊。

首先呢，形容词转名词最常见的方式就是加后缀。

比如把“快”变成“快速”，这还挺简单的。

可是，商务合同中这种变化的背后可是大有文章。

你得注意，一些形容词不是随便加个后缀就行的。

比如“有效的”，要想变成名词，得变成“有效性”，对吧？这俩词的差距，你懂的，差得可不止一点点。

商务合同嘛，要求严谨，得一丝不苟。

可不能让“有效的”直接变成“有效”，那就像是我们说的，套用了“低级错误”一样，既不正式，也让人看了心里发毛。

再说说名词的变化。

其实啊，某些形容词本来就是名词化的，像“重大”就能直接变成“重大”，无需任何加工，搞得就像是“油条本身就是面条”一样。

不过，很多时候，尤其是在英文中，这种直接名词化是不可取的。

我们举个例子，假设我们有“flexible agreement”这种词组，在中文里翻译成“灵活的协议”挺简单的，但要想更专业一些，得把“灵活”变成名词“灵活性”。

比如英文合同中提到“with flexibility”，那咱们就得翻成“灵活性”，就算是把简单的形容词“灵活”转化成了正式的名词，“灵活性”，有没有发现，感觉一下子就正式多了？变化的规则也带点“小花样”。

比如“独立的”形容词，它要变成名词，可就得加个“性”变成“独立性”了。

你想啊，这样一来，“独立性”不仅让语言听起来更专业，也避免了在正式场合中听起来像个“小朋友说话”一样。

Business Collection商务必读2042012年11月 商务英语翻译中词类翻译技巧研究东北电力大学外国语学院 张旭摘 要:在商务英语中，英汉互译中常见的翻译技巧是对于词类翻译的技巧。

本文主要探讨的词类互译的技巧主要是对于动词和名词、形容词和动词，以及动词和介词相互间的翻译类型，从这三个方面加以分析和总结，望对于商务英语的词类翻译技巧有着更为积极的影响。

关键词:商务英语 英汉互译 词类转换中图分类号：F722 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1005-5800(2012)11(c)-204-02在商务英语的翻译中，转换词性是其表达的一大技巧。

在对于汉语和英语两种语言的比较重我们发现，这两种语言在于形容词，动词，名词等的语法上有着如出一辙的相似性，但是中国和美国的地区差异导致了这两种语言有其特殊的表达和含义。

另外，英汉两种语言在组合语法方面有着很大的区别，在语义切分方面区别也很明显。

在实际应用语汇的方面更有着天壤之别，差异显著。

所以，在现实的翻译中，不能总是用某种语汇类型去对应单一的语汇。

这样做对于整个翻译来说是极其不利的。

汉英翻译中，对于词类改性是非常必要的，商务英语中更应该这样做，如果不对于某些词的词性进行转换，那么翻译之后读出来就不能流畅顺口。

1 名词与动词的互相转译对于英汉互译的研究者称，名词是英语中占有最重要地位的一种语汇，其作用往往可以代替动词在汉语中所包含的意思，例如对于抽象的行为名词，其往往以名词代替。

而且，在英语中，动词是可以兼有很多类别的语汇，并且英语中的词形变化使得名词往往就是加上后缀的动词而出现。

如-or ，-er ，-tion ，-ance 等。

而动词在汉语中的地位也是英语所不可比较的，在一个句子中，通常有着2~3个动词共同发挥其效用，不仅仅局限于一个动词。

所以，在汉英互译中，许多英文名词可以翻译为中文的动词，许多中文的动词又可以翻译成英文中的名词，或者以“介词+名词”的类型来出现。

第一部分：词性转换1.There is a popular belief among consumers that goods are no longer in high quality as before.2.You are ignorant of the duties you undertake in this insurance policy.3.I’m all for the resolution of directors.4.The reform and opening policy is supported by the whole Chinese people.5.Formality has always characterized their relationship.6.All the students should develop morally, intellectually, and physically.7.The security of buying the products of the world famous business companies is wonderful.8.He is a perfect stranger in business.9.Our president had prepared meticulously for his journey to Europe.10.He looked at the Letter of Credit given to him by ABC Group in surprise.11.It was a clear and unemotional exposition of our President’s reasons for willingness to begin a new dialogue between two corporations.12.The new boss earned some appreciation by the courtesy of coming to visit his clerks.第二部分：视角转化1. The old man lay awake almost the whole night.2. Few Americans have been left untouched by Andrew Carnegie's generosity.3. He is strange to compliment.4. Casual, not so close, friendships are preferable in business.5. Only that I know you might be wanted, I should detain you a little longer.6. Not for nothing does a weasel come to a chicken and give New Year greetings.7. In 1954, MILLER PESTICIDE AMENDMENT spells out procedures for setting safety limits for pesticide residues on raw agricultural commodities.8. Offering these benefits did not make him widely popular with his stockholders.9. Born into postwar uncertainties, in 1946, he grew up with a sense of vocation.10.There is too much to be desired for the government to crack down bribery and corruption.11. [E-C] The Pop Culture Guide to Quitting Your JobAmerica doesn't normally love a quitter...unless they do it in style.Steven Slater isn't the only disgruntled employee to quit with aplomb this week. tells the story of Jenny, an aspiring broker who quit her job through 33 whiteboard messages to her coworkers, distributed via email to her office, lambasting her boss (and revealing his penchant for FarmVille). The entire series of images —accompanied by Jenny's quirky facial expressions —are certainly worth viewing. Update: This quitting story has been revealed to be a fake. Fine. Still worth clicking on, if only as a model for how to leave a job in style.12. [C-E] 班里公开选举班花。

国际贸易合同汉译中的词性转换摘要1. 你知道吗，在国际贸易合同汉译中，名词转动词那可是常有的事儿！比如“The access to the market”可以译为“进入市场”，这里的“access”就从名词变成了动词呀。

2. 哎呀呀，形容词转副词也很有趣呢！像“quick response”可以变成“quickly respond”，这不是很奇妙吗？3. 嘿，动词转名词也不少见哦！“We need to take actions”可以译为“我们需要采取行动”，这里的“actions”就是由动词转换来的呀。

4. 哇塞，介词转动词也有呢！“across the border”可以变成“cross the border”，是不是很有意思？5. 咦，数词转形容词也存在呀！“three times a week”可以说成“three-times-a-week”，真神奇！6. 哇，代词转名词也会出现呢！“They made their decisions”可以变成“their making of decisions”，挺特别的吧！7. 嘿，名词转形容词也时有发生哟！“importance”可以变成“important”呀。

8. 呀，副词转名词也能碰到呢！“quickly”可以变成“quickness”，很新奇吧！9. 哇哦，动词转形容词也会有呀！“He is charming”，这里的“charming”就是由动词转换来的呢。

10. 哈哈，形容词转动词也不少呢！“The beautiful girl smiles charmingly”，“charmingly”就是由形容词转换来的呀。

我觉得在国际贸易合同汉译中，词性转换真的太重要了，它能让翻译更加准确和自然，让双方更好地理解合同内容。

词性转换商务英语quote1) We should be grateful if you would ___quote______ us for walnuts.2) As the prices ___quoted______ are low and likely to rise, we would advise you to place your order without delay.3) We should be pleased if you would send us the lowest __quotation_____ for the following items.expand1) There is a possibility that the production will be ___expanded_____ on large scale in the second quarter next year.2) We are looking forward to ___expanding_____ business with you.3) We are in hope of continuing our cooperation for further ___expansion____ of our business.recommend1) On the ___recommendation_______ of Mr. Smiths, we are glad to learn that you handle this line.2) Your are ___recommended_______ to us by Thomas Jackson, and we are interested in your digital watch.3) We now ___recommend_______ that you buy a small quantity for trial.state1) We are a __state_______-operated corporation handling exclusively the export and import of chemicals.2) We are sending you our list of price and a pamphlet of samples, ___stating______ the high quantity of our products.3) As ___stated_______ in our letter of July 5, we will arrange shipment on receipt of your L/C.ship1) Please quote us competitive price for 3 tons of bitter apricot for __shipment_____ in September.2) We invite your attention to the fact that the goods should be __shipped_____ before the end of November.3) We have received the goods ___shipped____ by motor vessel.reduce1) Buyers ask for a __reduction_______ in price.2) In order to close this deal we shall further ____reduce_____ our price.3) Our closely calculated price cannot be further __reduced_______.regret1) It is ___regrettable______ to decline your counter offer, however, we can not but do so.2) We are ___regretful______ that we did not advise you earlier.3) We __ regret_____ to say that the quality does not measure up to the contracted standard. approval1) We have tried our best to meet with your __approval_______ in this business.2) Your request has been __approved_______of after our discussion.3) We ____approve______ of the fact that the price of raw material is declining, our quotation will be slightly reduced. handle1) To give you a general idea of our products, we enclose a complete set of leaflets showing various products being __handled_______ by this corporation.2) What items do you mainly ___handle______ ?3) We are the leading importer of electronics in Lagos, mainly ___handling______ the import of the electronic goods. exchange1) We adhere to the principle of equality, mutual benefit and ___exchanging______ what one has for what one needs.2) Our ___exchange______ of cables has resulted in the conclusion of transaction successfully.3) The ____exchange_____ rate has been changed a lot.conclude1) The ___conclusion______ of this transaction will mark the beginning of our long friendly business relations.2) If you should make us a bid, we trust there is a possibility of ___concluding______ the business.3) We’ve ___concluded______ business with other buyers at your end at our level.duly1)The consignment will leave Tianjin by s. s. ”East wind ”, ___due______to arrive at Hamburg sometime in early May.2) We inform you that we’ll execute the order ___duly______.3) We enclosed a copy of your purchase order No. 308 ___duly______ signed by us.establish1) We are arranging for the ___establishment__________of the relative letter of credit with the Bank of China.2) We are looking forward to __establishing_______ direct business relations with you.3) It is understood that a letter of credit in our favor covering the above-mentioned goods will be __established_______ immediately.advise1) We write you this letter,___advising______ the establishment of L/C.2) Please __advise______ us if you can not ship the goods as requested.3) As has been ___advised______ to you, we will effect the shipment before May 15.attach1) We received your letter in which the extension of L/C was required. We attacheda separate sheet giving additional details.2) This amendment to L/C consists of two sheets, including the covering letter and attachment .3) All detailed information about validity of L/C and time of deliver are concluded in___attached__________ list.4) The applicant must submit to issuing bank, as an attachment to such L/C amendment.extend1) Please extend the validity of L/C two more weeks.2) We are afraid the L/C may expire before shipment because of short supply from our manufacture. Therefore please try to get customers’consent to extand the L/C to August 31.3) We have persuaded our customer to arrange for a one-month extension of L/C No.TD204.4) You will find information on extending credit in the letter.valid1) Please extend the validity of L/C and time of shipment respectively.2) Application for amendment is valid for period of 30 days before the discharge of goods.3) We were informed that validity of L/C for electric toy had already been extended up to 20th April.4) The L/C should reach us one month before the shipment and remain valid for negotiation in China till the 15th day after shipment.Ship1) We have booked ____shipping _____ space for your order No.475.2) The goods are to _____be shipped _______by s.s “Shunfeng”for transshipment at Yokohama onto s. s “Victory”3) We have ___shipped ______ the goods on s. s. "London Maru" were instructed by you and enclosed herewith the invoice and the B/L.4) Please ____ship _____ the goods by the board carrying vessel designated by our customers.5)The ____shipment _____ time is at your option and the goods will be shipped in one lot.6) The ____shipping _____ company will responsible for the damage in transit.transship1) Having no direct liner to your port from Qingdao, the goods have to be ___transshipped______ at Hong Kong.2) Only by the end of next month the goods can be ___transshipped ______ via Hong Kong.3) We shall accept your order on condition that the goods are shipped on board per direct steamer without____transshipment _______ .compensate1) You may be assured that all _____compensation _______ will be made by us.2) You should refer to the shipping company for _____compensation ______.3) All the losses you sustained will be _____compensated ______.4) The seller shall ____compensate _____ any damage to the goods before delivery.involve1) This transaction ____involves _____ only a small amount.2) The amount ____involved _____ in this transaction is very small.3) We send you a cheque ____involving _____ about USD$2,000.cover1) We shall provide such insurance ___coverage ______ at your cost.2) This insurance ___covers______ all risks of physical loss of or damage to the insured cargo, unless the insurer proves that one of the exclusions in Part B applies.3) Generally we ___cover______ insurance against WPA and war risk in the absence of definite instructions from our clients.4) We'd like ___to cover______ the porcelain ware against All Risks.insure1)As requested, we __have insured_______ the shipment with the PICC against all risks for $4500.2)We have covered ____insurance_____ for 110% of the invoice value against all risks.3)In that case this insurance shall remain in force, subject to an additional premium if required by ___the insurer______ .4)The insurance company undertakes to insure the under-mentioned goods at the request of ____ the insured_____. arrange1) Don't you wish ____to arrange_____for W.P.A. and additional coverage against Risk of Breakage?2) It is the responsibility of the insured to make ____arrangement_____to pay extra premium.3) We strongly suggest you to make ____arrangement_____with local insurance company for insurance.4) We are ____arranging_____insurance for 130% of invoice value against SRCC.consign1) The insurer will ask for the compensation on behalf of the ___consignee______on the basis of the insurance contract if the goods are damaged at the port of unloading.2) We have insured the _____consignment______ for amount of JP￥2000,0.3)The goods will _____be consigned_______ by rail. You are required to effect insurance accordingly.4)The insurance company shall not be liable for any loss or misdelivery or damage to the caused directly or indirectly by any act, omission, neglect, default or other wrongdoing on the part of ____the consignor_______.。

英语笔译三级试题及答案English Translation Level 3 Exam Questions and AnswersPart I: Vocabulary and Grammar (20 points)Question 1: Choose the best word to fill in the blank.1. The company has recently undergone a significant__________ in management.- A) transformation- B) translation- C) transfusion- D) transportationAnswer 1: A) transformation2. Despite the heavy rain, the marathon was held as__________.- A) scheduled- B) scheduling- C) schedule- D) schedulesAnswer 2: A) scheduledQuestion 2: Identify the grammatical error in the following sentence and provide the correct version.- The book, which was written by my favorite author, is very interesting.Answer 2: The sentence is grammatically correct.Part II: Reading Comprehension (30 points)Passage 1:In recent years, the trend of remote working has become increasingly popular. Companies are realizing the benefits of allowing employees to work from home, including increased productivity and reduced overhead costs. However, there are also challenges associated with remote work, such as maintaining communication and ensuring data security.Question 3: According to the passage, what are the benefitsof remote working for companies?Answer 3: The benefits of remote working for companiesinclude increased productivity and reduced overhead costs.Passage 2:The invention of the internet has revolutionized the way we communicate and access information. It has made it possibleto share knowledge and ideas across the globe instantaneously. Despite its many advantages, the internet also poses certain risks, such as cybercrime and the spread of misinformation.Question 4: What are the potential risks associated with theinternet mentioned in the passage?Answer 4: The potential risks associated with the internet include cybercrime and the spread of misinformation.Part III: Translation (50 points)Question 5: Translate the following sentence from English to Chinese.- The rapid development of technology has brought about significant changes in our daily lives.Answer 5: 技术的快速发展给我们的日常生活带来了重大变化。

Unit5 词义的选择（diction）参考答案一案例讨论1.请选择下列英语句子的最佳译文。

BACBC2. 请将下列句子翻译成英语。

1. As the goods are urgently needed by our client, we hope you will deliver them as soon as possible2.Both the quality and prices of your products are satisfactory, now we send you an order for the following goods3.We are pleased to place the following orders with you if you can guarantee shipment beforeOctober 9.4.Please rest assured that we will deliver the ordered goods on time.四翻译实训实训一请将下列短语译成汉语。

1. 询盘2. 撤销发盘3. 交货4. 规格5. 运费6. 商品交易所7. 熟视无睹8. 贸易顺差9. 售后服务10. 专卖店实训二请将下列短语译成英语。

参考译文：1.unique2.main items3. a familiar name4.make what is good still better5.big exporter6.huge hit7.place an order for8.full member实训三请将下列各句英语翻译成汉语。

1.请将报盘延期周。

2.产品刚刚面市，这家公司就停业清盘了。

3.美元的贬值也打击中国贸易的发展。

4.我们十分抱歉耽误了时间。

5.根据协议，如果产品质量达不到所需标准，我们保证免费替换。

6.我们一直于供应商保持良好的关系，希望这会带来我们之间更多的业务。

重大商务英语翻译第三次翻译作业-词类转换A-CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One11.I think my little brother is a better teacher than I.我想我的弟弟比我教得更好。

2.Londoners are great readers.伦敦人爱好读书3.He is a good eater and a good sleeper.他是个既能吃又能睡的家伙。

4.As he is a perfect stranger in the city, I hope you will give him the necessary help.因为他对这个城市是完全陌生的，所以我希望你能给他提供必要的帮助。

5.Sea gulls are good flyers.海鸥善于飞行。

6.In his article the author is critical of man’s negligence toward his environment.作者在他的文章中表示出了对人类疏于环境保护的批评。

7. A view of the village can be obtained from the tower.从塔上可以看见这个村庄。

8.Before China’s entry into WTO, there were fears that China would have to make too muchconcession.在中国加入世界贸易组织之前,有些人担心中国会做出过多的让步。

9.Too much exposure to TV programs will do great harm to the eyesight of children. （暴漏）看太多的电视节目会严重损害孩子的视力。

10.When the switch is off, the circuit is open and electricity does not go through.当开关断开时,电路变成断路,此时电流就不能通过。

Unit Three 转化在翻译过程中，由于汉语和英语两种语言在语法上和表达习惯上的差异，有时必须改变原来某些词语的词类或句子成分才能有效地传达原文的准确意思。

1．名词的转译Britain has no such natural protection from a flood of Hollywood products.英国没有这种天然的保护来阻挡好莱坞影片的长驱直入。

He is a good eater and a good sleeper.他能吃能睡。

This article aims at discussing new development in component material and techniques.本文的目的在于讨论元件材料和元件技术的新成就。

1．2名词转译为形容词A newly-elected senator is a power,I know that.一个新当选的参议员的确是威风十足，那我是知道的。

Can I be such a villain?难道我能这样伤天害理吗？The young man behaved himself extremely well and is,I believe,a much better gentleman than the girl who abused him.这位年轻人举止十分端正，我相信从人品来说要比侮辱他的那个女孩高贵多了。

1．3名词转译为副词They were sitting on a bank resting the knee and talking of the universe.他们在斜坡上坐着，一面让膝盖休息，一面海阔天空地谈着。

The new mayor earned some appreciation by the courtesy of coming to visit the citypoor.新市长礼貌性地前来访问城市贫民，获得了他们的一些好感。