2010~2011年法语专业八级真题及详解【圣才出品】

2011年北京外国语大学翻译硕士法语（二外法语）真题及详解Partie Ⅰ: Structure grammaticale et vocabulaire (35 points)1. C’est une question _____ je m’intéresse beaucoup. Il est très difficile d’y répondre en trois mots.A. àlaquelleB. de laquelleC. dontD. que【答案】A【解析】句意：这是个让我很感兴趣的问题。

我们很难用两三句话来解答这个问题。

s’int éresser àqch对某事感兴趣。

2. Si tu vois les plats qu’elle a _____ , tu n’hésiterais pas àvenir.A. préparéB. préparéeC. préparésD. préparées【答案】C【解析】句意：如果你看到她准备的菜，你就会毫不犹豫地来。

此处为复合过去时，直接宾语提前，需要进行配合。

3. Tu te souviens encore du jour _____ tu es arrivée àBeijing pour la première fois?A. queB. quandC. oùD. dont【答案】C【解析】句意：你还记得你第一次来北京的那一天吗？因为先行词是jour，所以用où来引导。

4. J’ai appris le français _____ deux ans.A. pendantB. depuisC. pourD. dans【答案】A【解析】句意：我学过两年法语。

听力TIPS：(1) 根据原文中一句“A high-context culture is a culture in which the context of the message, or the action, or an event carries a large part of its meaning and significance.”可知答案。

(2) 根据原文“What this means is that in a high-context culture, more attention is paid to what's happening in and around the message than to the message itself.”可知答案。

(3) 根据原文“Generally speaking, in a high-context culture, because this greater dependency on group thinking, people lean towards heavier sense of involvement or closene ss to people.”可得出答案。

(4) 根据原文“And also people from a high-context culture pay attention to body language.”可得出答案。

(5) 根据原文“People in high-context cultures, are considered to have, what is called a poly-chronic attitude toward time.”可得出答案。

(6) 根据原文“A low-context culture is one in which the message, the event or the action is a separate entity, having meaning onto itself, regardless of the surroundings or the context.”可得出答案。

答案解析及听力原文：SECTION A MINI-LECTUREParalinguistic features of languagesGood morning, everyone. Today we'll continue our discussion ondescribing language. Last week we examined such features of language as grammar, vocabulary, the sounds of language, etc. In this lecture, we'll look atanother important aspect of language. Perhaps some of you may wonder whatis this important aspect of language. Let me tell you. It refers to features ofcommunication that takes place without the use of grammar andvocabulary.They are called ‘paralinguistic features of language'. These features fall into two broad categories:: those that involve voice and those that involve the body.Now, the first category, is what we call vocal paralinguistic features.Vocal features are actually tones of voice. While they are, perhaps, not central to meaning in communication in the same way as grammar or vocabulary, they may, nevertheless, convey attitude or intention in some way. Let me give you some examples. The first is whispering, which indicates the needs for secrecy. The second is breathiness. This is to show deep emotion. The third is huskiness, which is to show unimportants. The fourth is nasality. This is to indicate anxiety. The last is e xtraextra lip-rounding, which expresses greater intimacy,expecially with babies, for example. So we can see that there are a number of ways of altering our tone of voice. And when we do this consciously, we do it to create different effects in communication.the second category, physical paralinguistic Now, let's come to t hefeatures,which involves the body. In addition to convey meanings with tone of voice, we can also express our intentions through the ways in which we use our bodies. You may ask: what are the ways, then? Let me sight some briefexamples. The expression on our face, the gestures we make and evenproximity or way we sit, are some of the ways we send powerful messages. About how we feel, or what we mean. Let me explain some of these in moredetail. First, facial expression. Facial expression is a powerful conveyer ofmeaning. We all know s milingsmiling is an almost universal signal of pleasure orwelcome. But there are other facial expressions that may not be so common. For instance, raising eye-brows- suggest that you are surprised or interested in something. Other facial actions, such as biting your lip, whichuncertain about something;deep in thinking, or are u ncertainindicates that you are d eepcompressing the lips, which show that you are making decisions; and avisible clenching of the teeth, to show that you are angry, are all powerful conveyers of meaning, too. The second in this category is gesture. You see, we use gesture to indicate a wide range of meanings. Though I have to emphasize that the actual gestures we use may be specific to particular cultures. That is to say different cultures have their own favorite gestures in conveying meaning. Here, a few examples may show you how powerful gestures can be. In British English behavior, shrugging shoulders may indicate an attitude of ‘I don't care', or ‘I don't know'.. Crossing your arms may indicate relaxation. Butit can also powerfully show you are bored. Waving can mean welcome andfarewell. While scratching your head may indicate that you are at a loss. Inother cultures, placing your hand upon your heart is to indicate that you aretelling the truth. Pointing your finger at your nose means it's a a secret.proximity,That's why we say that gestures are culture bound. The third isposture and echoing.Proximity refers to the physical distancebetween speakers. This can indicate a number of things and can also be usedto consciously send messages about intent.Closeness, for example, indicatesformality, or intimacy or threat to many speakers. But distance may show f ormalitylack of interest. Once again, I'd like to say, proximity is also both a matter ofpersonal style, and is often culture bound. So, what may seem normal to aspeaker from one culture may appear unnecessarily close or distant to aspeaker from another. And standing close to someone may be quite appropriatein some situations such as an informal party, but completely out of place inother situations, such as a meeting with a superior. Next, posture. Posture means the way in which someone holds his or her body, especially the back,shoulders and head, when standing, walking or sitting. A few examples.Hunched shoulders and a hanging head give a powerful indication ofhappy or not. A lowered head when speaking to a whether the person is h appysuperior, with or without eye contact can convey the appropriate relationship in some cultures. On the other hand, direct level eye contact,,open or changes the nature of interaction, and can been seen as either challenging. Last, echoing. Now, what is echoing? Let me start with an example. Some of you may have noticed this phenomenon in your experience. When two people are keen to agree each other, they would likely, though unconsciously adopt the same posture, as if an imitation of each other. They sit or stand in the same manor. When used in this way, echoing appears to complement the verbal communication. Of course, when such imitation is carried out consciously, it often indicates that someone is marking at another speaker.Ok, in today's lecture,we looked at some paralinguistic features, such astone of voice, gesture and posture. These features, together with linguisticfeatures of language, like grammar, or vocabulary, are all part of the way wecommunicate with each other in face to face encounters. In our next lecture, we'll watch some video material, and see how people actually use paralinguistic means in communication to express their intention or desire or mood.整理一下，整篇文章的要点非常清晰：I. Vocal Paralinguistic Features1. whispering- the needs for secrecy2. breathiness- deep emotion3. huskiness- unimportants4. nasality- anxiety5. extra lip-rounding- greater intimacyII. physical paralinguistic features1. facial expression- powerful conveyer of meaning.--e.g.1 smiling: pleasure or welcome--e.g.2 raising eye-brows: surprised or interested in something--e.g.3 biting your lip:deep in thinking/ uncertain about something --e.g.4 compressing the lips: making decis ions--e.g.5 clenching of the teeth: angry2. gesture- culture bound--e.g.1 shrugging shoulders: 'I don't care', or 'I don't know'--e.g.2 crossing your arms: relaxation/ bored--e.g.3 waving: welcome and farewell--e.g.4 scratching your head: at a loss--e.g.5 placing your hand upon your heart: telling the truth--e.g.6 pointing your finger at your nose: it's a secret3. proximity, posture and echoing1). proximity: personal style & culture bound--e.g.1 closeness: intimacy, threat--e.g.2 distance: fomality, lack of interest2). posture: the way in which someone holds his or her body--e.g.1 Hunched shoulders and a hanging head: happy or not--e.g.2 A lowered head, eye contact: the appropriate relationship--e.g.3 direct level eye contact: open or challenging3). echoing: to complement the verbal communication运用各种自己熟悉的笔记符号，将上述列表中的内容快速记下来，只可以更少，不能更多。

TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2010)-GRADE EIGHT-PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (35 MIN)SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.Complete the gap-filling task. Some of the gaps below may require a maximum of THREE words. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically & semantically acceptable. You may refer to your notes.Paralinguistic Features of LanguageIn face-to-face communication speakers often alter their tomes of voice or change their physical postures in order to convey messages. These means are called paralinguistic features of language, which fall into two categories.First category: vocal paralinguistic features(1)__________: to express attitude or intention(1)__________Examples1. whispering: need for secrecy2. breathiness: deep emotion3. (2)_________: unimportance (2)__________4. nasality: anxiety5. extra lip-rounding: greater intimacySecond category: physical paralinguistic featuresfacial expressions(3)_______ (3)__________----- smiling: signal of pleasure or welcomeless common expressions----- eye brow raising: surprise or interest----- lip biting: (4)________ (4)_________ gesturegestures are related to culture.British culture----- shrugging shoulders: (5) ________ (5)__________ ----- scratching head: puzzlementother cultures----- placing hand upon heart:(6)_______ (6)__________ ----- pointing at nose: secretproximity, posture and echoingproximity: physical distance between speakers----- closeness: intimacy or threat----- (7)_______: formality or absence of interest (7)_________ Proximity is person-, culture- and (8)________ -specific. (8)_________ posture----- hunched shoulders or a hanging head: to indicate(9)_____ (9)________----- direct level eye contact: to express an open or challenging attitudeechoing----- definition: imitation of similar posture----- (10)______: aid in communication (10)___________----- conscious imitation: mockerySECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.Now listen to the interview.1. According to Dr Johnson, diversity meansA. merging of different cultural identities.B. more emphasis on homogeneity.C. embracing of more ethnic differences.D. acceptance of more branches of Christianity.2. According to the interview, which of the following statements in CORRECT?A. Some places are more diverse than others.B. Towns are less diverse than large cities.C. Diversity can be seen everywhere.D. American is a truly diverse country.3. According to Dr Johnson, which place will witness a radical change in its racial makeup by 2025?A. MaineB. SelinsgroveC. PhiladelphiaD. California4. During the interview Dr Johnson indicates thatA. greater racial diversity exists among younger populations.B. both older and younger populations are racially diverse.C. age diversity could lead to pension problems.D. older populations are more racially diverse.5. According to the interview, religious diversityA. was most evident between 1990 and 2000.B. exists among Muslim immigrants.C. is restricted to certain places in the US.D. is spreading to more parts of the country.SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your coloured answer sheet.Question 6 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, youwill be given 10 seconds to answer the question.Now listen to the news.6. What is the main idea of the news item?A. Sony developed a computer chip for cell phones.B. Japan will market its wallet phone abroad.C. The wallet phone is one of the wireless innovations.D. Reader devices are available at stores and stations.Question 7 and 8 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the news.7. Which of the following is mentioned as the government’s measure to control inflation?A. Foreign investment.B. Donor support.C. Price control.D. Bank prediction.8. According to Kingdom Bank, what is the current inflation rate in Zimbabwe?A. 20 million percent.B. 2.2 million percent.C. 11.2 million percent.D. Over 11.2 million percent.Question 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the question.Now listen to the news.9. Which of the following is CORRECT?A. A big fire erupted on the Nile River.B. Helicopters were used to evacuate people.C. Five people were taken to hospital for burns.D. A big fire took place on two floors.10. The likely cause of the big fire isA. electrical short-cut.B. lack of fire-satefy measures.C. terrorism.D. not known.PART IIREADING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark your answers on your coloured answer sheet.TEXT AStill, the image of any city has a half-life of many years. (So does its name, officially changed in 2001 from Calcutta to Kolkata, which is closer to what the word sounds like in Bengali. Conversing in English, I never heard anyone call the city anything but Calcutta.) To Westerners, the conveyance most identified with Kolkata is not its modern subway—a facility whose spacious stations have art on the walls and cricket matches on television monitors—but the hand-pulled rickshaw. Stories and films celebrate a primitive-looking cart with high wooden wheels, pulled by someone who looksclose to needing the succor of Mother Teresa. For years the government has been talking about eliminating hand-pulled rickshaws on what it calls humanitarian grounds—principally on the ground that, as the mayor of Kolkata has often said, it is offensive to see “one man sweating and straining to pull another man.”But these days politicians also lament the impact of 6,000 hand-pulled rickshaws on a modern city’s traffic and, particularly, on its image. “Westerners try to associate beggars and these rickshaws with the Calcutta landscape, but this is not what Calcutta stands for,” the chief minister of West Bengal, Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee, said in a press conference in 2006. “Our city stands for prosperity and development.” The chief minister—the equivalent of a state governor—went on to announce that hand-pulled rickshaws soon would be banned from the streets of Kolkata.Rickshaws are not there to haul around tourists. (Actually, I saw almost no tourists in Kolkata, apart from the young backpackers on Sudder Street, in what used to be a red-light district and is now said to be the single place in the city where the services a rickshaw puller offers may include providing female company to a gentleman for the evening.) It’s the people in the lanes who most regularly use rickshaws—not the poor but people who are just a notch above the poor. They are people who tend to travel short distances, through lanes that are sometimes inaccessible to even the most daring taxi driver. An older woman with marketing to do, for instance, can arrive in a rickshaw, have the rickshaw puller wait until she comes back from various stalls to load her purchases, and then be taken home. People in the lanes use rickshaws as a 24-hour ambulance service. Proprietors of cafés or corner stores send rickshaws to collect their supplies. (One morning I saw a rickshaw puller take on a load of live chickens—tied in pairs by the feet so they could be draped over the shafts and the folded back canopy and even the axle. By the time he trotted off, he was carrying about a hundred upside-down chickens.) The rickshaw pullers told me their steadiest customers are schoolchildren. Middle-class families contract with a puller to take a child to school and pick him up; the puller essentially becomes a family retainer.From June to September Kolkata can get torrential rains, and its drainage system doesn’t need torrential rain to begin backing up. Residents who favor a touch of hyperbole say that in Kolkata “if a stray cat pees, there’s a flood.”During my stay it once rained for about 48 hours. Entire neighborhoods couldn’t be reached by motorized vehicles, and the newspapers showed pictures of rickshaws being pulled through water that was up to the pullers’ waists. When it’s raining, the normal customer base for rickshaw pullers expands greatly, as does the price of a journey. A writer in Kolkata told me, “Whenit rains, even the governor takes rickshaws.”While I was in Kolkata, a magazine called India Today published its annual ranking of Indian states, according to such measurements as prosperity and infrastructure. Among India’s 20 largest states, Bihar finished dead last, as it has for four of the past five years. Bihar, a couple hundred miles north of Kolkata, is where the vast majority of rickshaw pullers come from. Once in Kolkata, they sleep on the street or in their rickshaws or in a dera—a combination garage and repair shop and dormitory managed by someone called a sardar. For sleeping privileges in a dera, pullers pay 100 rupees (about $2.50) a month, which sounds like a pretty good deal until you’ve visited a dera. They gross between 100 and 150 rupees a day, out of which they have to pay 20 rupees for the use of the rickshaw and an occasional 75 or more for a payoff if a policeman stops them for, say, crossing a street where rickshaws are prohibited. A 2003 study found that rickshaw pullers are near the bottom of Kolkata occupations in income, doing better than only the ragpickers and the beggars. For someone without land or education, that still beats trying to make a living in Bihar.There are people in Kolkata, particularly educated and politically aware people, who will not ride in a rickshaw, because they are offended by the idea of being pulled by another human being or because they consider it not the sort of thing people of their station do or because they regard the hand-pulled rickshaw as a relic of colonialism. Ironically, some of those people are not enthusiastic about banning rickshaws. The editor of the editorial pages of Kolkata’s Telegraph—Rudrangshu Mukherjee, a former academic who still writes history books—told me, for instance, that he sees humanitarian considerations as coming down on the side of keeping hand-pulled rickshaws on the road. “I refuse to be carried by another human being myself,”he said, “but I question whether we have the right to take away their livelihood.” Rickshaw supporters point out that when it comes to demeaning occupations, rickshaw pullers are hardly unique in Kolkata.When I asked one rickshaw puller if he thought the government’s plan to rid the city of rickshaws was based on a genuine interest in his welfare, he smiled, with a quick shake of his head—a gesture I interpreted to mean, “If you are so naive as to ask such a question, I will answer it, but it is not worth wasting words on.”Some rickshaw pullers I met were resigned to the imminent end of their livelihood and pin their hopes on being offered something in its place. As migrant workers, they don’t have the political clout enjoyed by, say, Kolkata’s sidewalk hawkers, who, after supposedly being scaled backat the beginning of the modernization drive, still clog the sidewalks, selling absolutely everything—or, as I found during the 48 hours of rain, absolutely everything but umbrellas. “The government was the government of the poor people,” one sardar told me. “Now they shake hands with the capitalists and try to get rid of poor people.”But others in Kolkata believe that rickshaws will simply be confined more strictly to certain neighborhoods, out of the view of World Bank traffic consultants and California investment delegations—or that they will be allowed to die out naturally as they’re supplanted by more modern conveyances. Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee, after all, is not the first high West Bengal official to say that rickshaws would be off the streets of Kolkata in a matter of months. Similar statements have been made as far back as 1976. The ban decreed by Bhattacharjee has been delayed by a court case and by a widely held belief that some retraining or social security settlement ought to be offered to rickshaw drivers. It may also have been delayed by a quiet reluctance to give up something that has been part of the fabric of the city for more than a century. Kolkata, a resident told me, “has difficulty letting go.”One day a city official handed me a report from the municipal government laying out options for how rickshaw pullers might be rehabilitated.“Which option has been chosen?” I asked, noting that the report was dated almost exactly a year before my visit.“That hasn’t been decided,” he said.“When will it be decided?”“That hasn’t been decided,” he said.11. According to the passage, rickshaws are used in Kolkata mainly for the following EXCEPTA. taking foreign tourists around the city.B. providing transport to school children.C. carrying store supplies and purchasesD. carrying people over short distances.12. Which of the following statements best describes the rickshaw pullers from Bihar?A. They come from a relatively poor area.B. They are provided with decent accommodation.C. Their living standards are very low in Kolkata.D. They are often caught by policemen in the streets.13. That “For someone without land or education, that still beats trying to make a living in Bihar” (4 paragraph) means that even so,A. the poor prefer to work and live in Bihar.B. the poor from Bihar fare better than back home.C. the poor never try to make a living in Bihar.D. the poor never seem to resent their life in Kolkata.14. We can infer from the passage that some educated and politically aware peopleA. hold mixed feelings towards rickshaws.B. strongly support the ban on rickshaws.C. call for humanitarian actions fro rickshaw pullers.D. keep quiet on the issue of banning rickshaws.15. Which of the following statements conveys the author’s sense of humor?A. “…not the poor but people who are just a notch above the poor.” (2 paragraph)B. “…,.which sounds like a pretty good deal until you’ve visited a dera.”(4 paragraph)C. Kolkata, a resident told me, “has difficulty letting go.”(7 paragraph).D.“…or, as I found during the 48 hours of rain, absolutely everything but umbrellas.” (6 paragraph)16. The dialogue between the author and the city official at the end of the passage seems to suggestA. the uncertainty of the court’s decision.B. the inefficiency of the municipal government.C. the difficulty of finding a good solution.D. the slowness in processing options.TEXT BDepending on whom you believe, the average American will, over a lifetime, wait in lines for two years (says National Public Radio) or five years (according to customer-loyalty experts).The crucial word is average, as wealthy Americans routinely avoid lines altogether. Once the most democratic of institutions, lines are rapidly becoming the exclusive province of suckers(people who still believe in and practice waiting in lines). Poor suckers, mostly.Airports resemble France before the Revolution: first-class passengers enjoy "élite" security lines and priority boarding, and disembark before the unwashed in coach, held at bay by a flight attendant, are allowed to foul the Jetway.At amusement parks, too, you can now buy your way out of line. This summer I haplessly watched kids use a $52 Gold Flash Pass to jump the lines at Six Flags New England, and similar systems are in use in most major American theme parks, from Universal Orlando to Walt Disney World, where the haves get to watch the have-mores breeze past on their way to their seats.Flash Pass teaches children a valuable lesson in real-world economics: thatthe rich are more important than you, especially when it comes to waiting. An NBA player once said to me, with a bemused chuckle of disbelief, that when playing in Canada--get this--"we have to wait in the same customs line as everybody else."Almost every line can be breached for a price. In several U.S. cities this summer, early arrivers among the early adopters waiting to buy iPhones offered to sell their spots in the lines. On Craigslist, prospective iPhone purchasers offered to pay "waiters" or "placeholders" to wait in line for them outside Apple stores.Inevitably, some semi-populist politicians have seen the value of sort-of waiting in lines with the ordinary people. This summer Philadelphia mayor John Street waited outside an AT&T store from 3:30 a.m. to 11:30 a.m. before a stand-in from his office literally stood in for the mayor while he conducted official business. And billionaire New York mayor Michael Bloomberg often waits for the subway with his fellow citizens, though he's first driven by motorcade past the stop nearest his house to a station 22 blocks away, where the wait, or at least the ride, is shorter.As early as elementary school, we're told that jumping the line is an unethical act, which is why so many U.S. lawmakers have framed the immigration debate as a kind of fundamental sin of the school lunch line. Alabama Senator Richard Shelby, to cite just one legislator, said amnesty would allow illegal immigrants "to cut in line ahead of millions of people."Nothing annoys a national lawmaker more than a person who will not wait in line, unless that line is in front of an elevator at the U.S. Capitol, where Senators and Representatives use private elevators, lest they have to queue with their constituents.But compromising the integrity of the line is not just antidemocratic, it's out-of-date. There was something about the orderly boarding of Noah's Ark, two by two, that seemed to restore not just civilization but civility during the Great Flood.How civil was your last flight? Southwest Airlines has first-come,first-served festival seating. But for $5 per flight, an unaffiliated company called will secure you a coveted "A" boarding pass when that airline opens for online check-in 24 hours before departure. Thus, the savvy traveler doesn't even wait in line when he or she is online.Some cultures are not renowned for lining up. Then again, some cultures are too adept at lining up: a citizen of the former Soviet Union would join a queue just so he could get to the head of that queue and see what everyone was queuing for.And then there is the U.S., where society seems to be cleaving into two groups: Very Important Persons, who don't wait, and Very Impatient Persons, who do--unhappily.For those of us in the latter group-- consigned to coach, bereft of Flash Pass, too poor or proper to pay a placeholder --what do we do? We do what Vladimir and Estragon did in Waiting for Godot: "We wait. We are bored."17. What does the following sentence mean? “Once the most democratic of institutions, lines are rapidly becoming the exclusive province of suckers…Poor suckers, mostly.” (2 paragraph)A. Lines are symbolic of America’s democracy.B. Lines still give Americans equal opportunities.C. Lines are now for ordinary Americans only.D. Lines are for people with democratic spirit only.18. Which of the following is NOT cited as an example of breaching the line?A. Going through the customs at a Canadian airport.B. Using Gold Flash Passes in amusement parks.C. First-class passenger status at airports.D. Purchase of a place in a line from a placeholder.19. We can infer from the passage that politicians (including mayors and Congressmen)A. prefer to stand in lines with ordinary people.B. advocate the value of waiting in lines.C. believe in and practice waiting in lines.D. exploit waiting in lines for their own good.20. What is the tone of the passage?A. Instructive.B. Humorous.C. Serious.D. Teasing.TEXT CA bus took him to the West End, where, among the crazy coloured fountains of illumination, shattering the blue dusk with green and crimson fire, he found the café of his choice, a tea-shop that had gone mad and turned. Bbylonian, a while palace with ten thousand lights. It towered above the other building like a citadel, which indeed it was, the outpost of a new age, perhaps a new civilization, perhaps a new barbarism; and behind the thin marble front were concrete and steel, just as behind the careless profusion of luxury were millions of pence, balanced to the last halfpenny. Somewhere in the background, hidden away, behind the ten thousand llights and acres of white napery and bewildering glittering rows of teapots, behind the thousand waitresses and cash-box girls and black-coated floor managers and temperamental long-haired violinists, behind the mounds of cauldrons of stewed steak, the vanloads of ices, were a few men who went to work juggling with fractions of a farming, who knew how many units of electricity it took to finish a steak-and-kidney pudding and how many minutes and seconds a waitress( five feet four in height and in average health) would need to carry a tray of given weight from the kitchen life to the table in the far corner. In short, there was a warm, sensuous, vulgar life flowering in the upper storeys, and a cold science working in the basement. Such as the gigantic tea-shop into which Turgis marched, in search not of mere refreshment but of all the enchantment of unfamiliar luxury. Perhaps he knew in his heart that men have conquered half the known world, looted whole kingdoms, and never arrived in such luxury. The place was built for him.It was built for a great many other people too, and, as usual, they were al there. It seemed with humanity. The marble entrance hall, piled dizzily with bonbons and cakes, was as crowded and bustling as a railway station. The gloom and grime of the streets, the raw air, all November, were at once left behind, forgotten: the atmosphere inside was golden, tropical, belonging to some high mid-summer of confectionery. Disdaining the lifts, Turgis, once more excited by the sight, sound, and smell of it all, climbed the wide staircase until he reached his favourite floor, whre an orchestra, led by a young Jewish violinist with wandering lustrous eyes and a passion for tremolo effects, acted as a magnet to a thousand girls, scented air, the sensuous clamour of the strings; and, as he stood hesitating a moment, half dazed, there came, bowing, s sleek grave man, older than he was and far more distinguished than he could ever hope to be, who murmured deferentially: “ For one, sir? This way, please,” Shyly, yet proudly, Turgis followed him.21. That “behind the thin marble front were concrete and steel” suggests thatA. modern realistic commercialism existed behind the luxurious appearance.B. there was a fundamental falseness in the style and the appeal of the caf é..C. the architect had made a sensible blend of old and new building materials.D. the café was based on physical foundations and real economic strength.22. The following words or phrases are somewhat critical of the tea-shop EXCEPTA. “…turned Babylonian”.B. “perhaps a new barbarism’.C. “acres of white napery”.D. “balanced to the last halfpenny”.23. In its context the statement that “the place was built for him”means that the café was intended toA. please simple people in a simple way.B. exploit gullible people like him.C. satisfy a demand that already existed.D. provide relaxation for tired young men.24. Which of the following statements about the second paragraph is NOT true?A. The café appealed to most senses simultaneously.B. The café was both full of people and full of warmth.C. The inside of the café was contrasted with the weather outside.D. It stressed the commercial determination of the café owners.25. The following are comparisons made by the author in the second paragraph EXCEPT thatA. the entrance hall is compared to a railway station.B. the orchestra is compared to a magnet.C. Turgis welcomed the lift like a conquering soldier.D. the interior of the café is compared to warm countries.26. The author’s attitude to the café isA. fundamentally critical.B. slightly admiring.C. quite undecided.D. completely neutral.TEXT DI Now elsewhere in the world, Iceland may be spoken of, somewhat breathlessly, as western Europe’s last pristine wilderness. But the environmental awareness that is sweeping the world had bypassed the majority of Icelanders. Certainly they were connected to their land, the way one is complicatedly connected to, or encumbered by, family one can’t do anything about. But the truth is, once you’re off the beat-en paths of the low-lying coastal areas where everyone lives, the roads are few, and they’re all bad, so Iceland’s natural wonders have been out of reach and unknown even to its own inhab-itants. For them the land has always just been there, something that had to be dealt with and, if possible, exploited—the mind-set being one of land as commodity rather than land as, well, priceless art on the scale of the “Mona Lisa.”When the opportunity arose in 2003 for the national power company to enter into a 40-year contract with the American aluminum company Alcoa to supply hydroelectric power for a new smelter, those who had been dreaming of some-thing like this for decades jumped at it and never looked back. Iceland may at the moment be one of the world’s richest countries, with a 99 percent literacy rate and long life expectancy. But the proj-ect’s advocates, some of them getting on in years, were more emotionally attuned to the country’s century upon century of want, hardship, and colonial servitude to Denmark, which officially had ended only in 1944 and whose psychological imprint remained relatively fresh. For the longest time, life here had meant little more than a sod hut, dark all winter, cold, no hope, children dying left and right, earthquakes, plagues, starvation, volcanoes erupting and destroying all vegeta-tion and livestock, all spirit—a world revolving almost entirely around the welfare of one’s sheep and, later, on how good the cod catch was. In the outlying regions, it still largely does.Ostensibly, the Alcoa project was intended to save one of these dying regions—the remote and sparsely populated east—where the way of life had steadily declined to a point of desperation and gloom. After fishing quotas were imposed in the early 1980s to protect fish stocks, many indi-vidual boat owners sold their allotments or gave them away, fishing rights ended up mostly in the hands of a few companies, and small fishermen were virtually wiped out. Technological advances drained away even more jobs previously done by human hands, and the people were seeing every-thing they had worked for all their lives turn up worthless and their children move away. With the old way of life doomed, aluminum projects like this one had come to be perceived, wisely or not, as a last chance. “Smelter or death.”。

TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2011)-GRADE EIGHT-TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS(2011)-GRADE EIGHT-2011年英语专业八级参考答案Part I Listening Comprehension—Section A Mini-lecture1. and significance2. the context\ what is doing3. closeness to people4. body language5. polychronic6. in itself7. personal space8. monochrome9. lateness10. multicultural situationSECTION B INTERVIEW 1-5 BDACB SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST 6-10 ACBAD PART II Reading Comprehension11-15 ABCAB 16-20 ABACA 21-25 DDCCA 26-30 DBACBPART III General Knowledge 31-35BDABD 36-40 CACACPART VI Proofreading & Error Correction1. grew 后加up2. conscience 改成consciousness3. soon 改成sooner4. the 去掉5. disagreeing 改成disagreeable6. imaginative 改成imaginary7. literal 改成literary8. in 去掉9. which 前加in 10. Therefore, 改成NeverthelessPart V Translation—Section A Chinese To EnglishBeing hasty and at leisure are two quite distinct lifestyles. But in the real world, people have to frequently shuttle between these two lifestyles, sometimes not sure whether they are“at ease”or“in a rush”.For example, we’re enjoying our holidays in the resort while suenly we receive phone calls from the boss who tells us there are some troubles with our customers and work—so at this moment the modern, convenient and advanced device shows its vicious and gloomy features—and we lose all our interest. The subsequent leisure is the mere showy for we are in a restless and anxious state of mind.Section B English to Chinese飞机飞越尼泊尔上空时。

Ooasis [ɔazis] n.f. 绿洲；（枯燥或不愉快环境中的）慰藉物；宜人的地方【例句】L’oasis est un îlot de verdure.绿洲是长有绿草的岛状地带。

【搭配】une oasis de fraîcheur凉爽的地方obéir [ɔbeir] v.t.indir. (+à)服从，顺从；听从，听话【例句】Cet outil obéit à la main.这工具使起来很顺手。

【搭配】obéir au règlement遵守规章obéir aux ordres服从命令obéissance[ɔbeisɑs] n.f. 服从，顺从，听从，听话【例句】J’ai le droit d’exiger l’obéissance parce que mes ordres sont raisonnables.我的命令是合理的，所以我有权要别人服从。

【搭配】obéissance des enfants à leurs parents子女对父母的顺从obéissance à la loi遵纪守法obéissant,e[ɔbeisɑ,-t] adj. 服从的，顺从的，听话的；<转>驯服的，温顺的【搭配】un enfant obéissant一个听话的孩子obeisant avec/ à/ envers qn听某人话的，服从某人的obélisque [ɔbelisk] n.m. （古埃及的）方尖碑【例句】L’architecte de la place de la Concorde, Hittorff, fait ériger au centre de la composition de la place l’obélisque de Louqs or.协和广场的设计师伊尔托夫让人在广场中央树立起了卢克索神庙方尖碑。

2000年-2011年专八短文改错试题，参考答案以及答案分析 By 兰银清 以下答案以上外教师给出的答案为参考答案 2011年专八真题改错部分From a very early age, perhaps the age of five or six, I knew that when I grew I should be a writer. Between the ages of about seventeen and twenty-four I tried to abandon this idea, but I did so with the conscience that I was outraging my true nature and that soon or later I should have to settle down and write books.I was the child of three, but there was a gap of five years on either side, and I barely saw my father before I was eight. For this and other reasons I was somewhat lonely, and I soon developed disagreeing mannerisms which made me unpopular throughout my schooldays. I had the lonely child's habit of making up stories andholding conversations with imaginative persons, and I think from the very start my literal ambitions were mixed up with the feeling ofbeing isolated and undervalued. I knew that I had a facility with words and a power of facing in unpleasant facts, and I felt that this created 8 a sort of private world which I could get my own back fbr my failure9in everyday life. Therefore, the volume of serious — i.c. seriously 10 intended 一 writing which I produced all through my childhood and boyhood would not amount to half a dozen pages. I wrote my first poem at the age of four or five, my mother taking it down to dictation. 1, 在grow 后加叩，考固定短语 2, 改consience 为consciousness 考词语区别，consience 翻译为"良心，道徳心", consiousness 翻译为"意识” 3, 改 soon 为 sooner, sooner or later 是固定短语4, 在child 前加middle,考上下文理解。

TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2010)-GRADE EIGHT-TIME LIMIT: 195 MIN PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (35 MIN)SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.Paralinguistic Features of LanguageIn face to face communication speakers often alter their tones of voices or change their physi cal posture in order to convey messages. These means are called paralinguistic features of language, which fall into two categories.First category: vocal paralinguistic features(1)_____: to express attitude or intention examples (1)_______1. whi spering: need for secrecy2. breathiness: deep emotion3. (2)_______: unimportance (2)_______4. nasality: anxiety5. extra lip-rounding: greater intimacySecond category: physi cal paralinguistic featuresA. facial expressions(3)____________ (3)_______— smiling: signal of pleasure or welcome less common expressions— eyebrow raising: surprise or interest— lip biting: (4)_________________ (4)_______ B. gestureGestures are related to culture.British culture— shrugging shoulders: (5)_______ (5)_______ — scratching head: puzzlement other cultures— placing hand upon heart: (6)_______ (6)_______ — pointing at nose: secretC. proximity, posture and echoing1. proximity: physical distance between speakers— closeness: intimacy or threat—(7)_______: formality or absence of interest (7)_______ Proximity is person-, culture- and (8)_______ -specific. (8)_______2. posture— hunched shoulders or a hanging head: to indicate (9)_______ (9)_______ — direct level eye contact: to express an open or challenging attitude3. echoing— definition: imitation of similar posture—(1)_______: aid in communication (10)_______ SECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your coloured answer sheet.Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview.1. According to Dr. Johnson, diversity means _______.A. merging of different cultural identitiesB. more emphasis on homogeneityC. embracing of more ethni c differencesD. acceptance of more branches of Christianity2. According to the interview, which of the following statements is CORRECT?A. Some places are more diverse than others.B. Towns are less diverse than large cities.C. Diversity can be seen everywhere.D. America is a truly diverse country.3. According to Dr. Johnson, which place will witness a radi cal change in its racial makeup by 2025?A. Maine.B. Selinsgrove.C. Philadelphia.D. California.4. During the interview Dr. Johnson indicates that _______.A. greater racial diversity exists among younger populationsB. both older and younger populations are racially diverseC. age diversity could lead to pension problemsD. older populations are more racially diverse5. According to the interview, religious diversity _______.A. was most evident between 1990 and 2000B. exists among Muslim immigrantsC. is restricted to certain places in the USD. is spreading to more parts of the countrySECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your coloured answer sheet.Questions 6 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the news.6. What is the main idea of the news item?A. Sony developed a computer chip for cell phones.B. Japan will market its wallet phone abroad.C. The wallet phone is one of the wireless innovations.D. Reader devices are available at stores and stations.Questions 7 and 8 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the news.7. Which of the following is mentioned as the government's measure to control inflation?A. Foreign investment.B. Donor support.C. Price control.D. Bank prediction.8. According to Kingdom Bank, what is the current inflation rate in Zimbabwe?A. 20 million percent.B. 2.2 million percent.C. 11.2 million percent.D. Over 11.2 million percent.Question 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.9. Which of the following is CORRECT?A. A big fire erupted on the Nile River.B. Helicopters were used to evacuate people.C. Five people were taken to hospital for burns.D. A big fire took place on two floors.10. The likely cause of the big fire is _______ .A. electrical short-circuitB. lack of fire-safety measuresC. terrorismD. not knownPART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions.Read the passages and then mark your answers on your coloured answer sheet.TEXT AWe had been wanting to expand our children's horizons by taking them to a place that was unlike anything we'd been exposed to during our travels in Europe and the United States. In thinking about what was possible from Geneva, where we are based, we decided on a trip to Istanbul, a two-hour plane ride from Zurich.Among the great cities of the world, Kolkata (formerly spelt as Calcutta), the capital of India's West Bengal, and the home of nearly 15 million people, is often mentioned as the only one that still has a large fleet of hand-pulled rickshaws.Rickshaws are not there to haul around tourists. It's the people in the lanes who most regularly use rickshaws — not the poor but people who are just a notch above the poor. They are people who tend to travel short di stances, through lanes that are sometimes inaccessible to even the most daring taxi driver. An older woman with marketing to do, for instance, can arrive in a rickshaw, have the ri ckshaw puller wait until she comes back from various stalls to load her purchases, and then be taken home. People in the lanes use rickshaws as a 24-hour ambulance service. Proprietors of cafes or corner stores send ri ckshaws to collect their supplies. The rickshaw pullers told me their steadiest customers are school children. Middle-class families contract with a puller to take a child to school and pick him up; the puller essentially becomes a family retainer.From June to September Kolkata can get torrential rains. During my stay it once rained for about 48 hours. Entire neighborhoods couldn't be reached by motorized vehi cles, and the newspapers showed pictures of ri ckshaws being pulled through water that was up to the pullers' waists. When it's raining, the normal customer base for rickshaw pullers expands greatly, as does the price of a journey. A writer in Kolkata told me, "When it rains, even the governor takes rickshaws."While I was in Kolkata, a magazine called India Today published its annual ranking of Indian states, according to such measurements as prosperity and infrastructure. Among India's 20 largest states, Bihar finished dead last, as it has for four of the past five years. Bihar, a few hundred miles north of Kolkata, is where the vast majority of rickshaw pullers come from. Once in Kolkata, they sleep on the street or in their rickshaws or in a dera — a combination of garage and repair shop and dormitory managed by someone called a sardar. For sleeping privileges in a dera, pullers pay 100 rupees (about $2.50) a month, which sounds like a pretty good deal until you've visited a dera. They gross between 100 and 150 rupees a day, out of which they have to pay 20 rupees for the use of the ri ckshaw and an occasional 75 or more for a payoff if a policeman stops them for, say, crossing a street where rickshaws are prohibited. A 2003 study found that rickshaw pullers are near the bottom of Kolkata occupations in income, doing better than only the beggars. For someone without land or education, that still beats trying to make a living in Bihar.There are people in Kolkata, particularly educated and politically aware people, who will not ride in a rickshaw, because they are offended by the idea of being pulled by another human being or because they consider it not the sort of thing people of their station do or because they regard the hand-pulled ri ckshaw as a relic of colonialism. Ironically, some of those people are not enthusiastic about banning rickshaws. The editor of the editorial pages of Kolkata's Telegraph —Rudrangshu Mukherjee, a former academi c who still writes history books — told me, for instance, that he sees humanitarian considerations as coming down on the side of keeping hand-pulled rickshaws on the road. "I refuse to be carried by another human being myself," he said, "but I question whether we have the right to take away their livelihood." Rickshaw supporters point out that when it comes to demeaning occupations, ri ckshaw pullers are hardly unique in Kolkata.When I asked one rickshaw puller if he thought the government's plan to rid the city of ri ckshaws was based on a genuineinterest in his welfare, he smiled, with a qui ck shake of his head — a gesture I interpreted to mean, "If you are so na?ve as to ask such a question, I will answer it, but it is not worth wasting words on." Some rickshaw pullers I met were resigned to the imminent end of their livelihood and pinned their hopes on being offered something in its place. As migrant workers, they don't have the political clout enjoyed by, say, Kolkata's sidewalk hawkers, who, after supposedly being scaled back at the beginning of the modernization drive, still clog the sidewalks, selling absolutely everything —or, as I found during the 48 hours of rain, absolutely everything but umbrellas. "The government was the government of the poor people," one sardar told me. "Now they shake hands with the capitalists and try to get rid of poor people."But others in Kolkata believe that ri ckshaws will simply be confined more strictly to certain neighborhoods, out of the view of World Bank traffic consultants and California investment delegations —or that they will be allowed to die out naturally as they're supplanted by more modern conveyances. Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee, after all, is not the first high West Bengal offici al to say that rickshaws would be off the streets of Kolkata in a matter of months. Similar statements have been made as far back as 1976. The ban decreed by Bhattacharjee has been delayed by a court case and by a widely held belief that some retraining or social security settlement ought to be offered to rickshaw drivers. It may also have been delayed by a quiet reluctance to give up something that has been part of the fabric of the city for more than a century. Kolkata, a resident told me, "has difficulty letting go." One day a city official handed me a report from the municipal government laying out options for how rickshaw pullers might be rehabilitated."Which option has been chosen?" I asked, noting that the report was dated almost exactly a year before my visit."That hasn't been decided," he said."When will it be decided?""That hasn't been decided," he said.11. According to the passage, ri ckshaws are used in Kolkata mainly for the following purposes EXCEPT _______.A. taking foreign tourists around the city.B. providing transport to school children.C. carrying store supplies and purchases.D. carrying people over short di stances.12. Which of the following statements best describes the ri ckshaw pullers from Bihar?A. They come from a relatively poor area.B. They are provided with decent accommodation.C. Their living standards are very low in Kolkata.D. They are often caught by policemen in the streets.13. That "For someone without land or education, that still beats trying to make a living in Bihar" (4th paragraph) means that even so, _______.A. the poor prefer to work and live in Bihar.B. the poor from Bihar fare better than back home.C. the poor never try to make a living in Bihar.D. the poor never seem to resent their life in Kolkata.14. We can infer from the passage that some educated and politically aware people _______.A. hold mixed feelings towards rickshaws.B. strongly support the ban on rickshaws.C. call for humanitarian actions for rickshaw pullers.D. keep quiet on the i ssue of banning rickshaws.15. Which of the following statements conveys the author's sense of humour?A. "...— not the poor but people who are just a notch above the poor." (2nd paragraph)B. "..., whic h sounds like a pretty good deal until you’ve visited a dera." (4th paragraph)C. Kolkata, a resident told me, "has diffi culty letting go." (7th paragraph)D. "...or, as I found during the 48 hours of rain, absolutely everything but umbrellas." (6th paragraph)16. The dialogue between the author and the city official at the end of the passage seems to suggest _______.A. the uncertainty of the court's decision.B. the inefficiency of the municipal government.C. the difficulty of finding a good solution.D. the slowness in processing options.TEXT BDepending on whom you believe, the average Ameri can will, over a lifetime, wait in lines for two years (says National Public Radio) or five years (according to some customer-loyalty experts).The crucial word is average, as wealthy Americans routinely avoid lines altogether. Once the most democratic of instituti ons, lines are rapidly becoming the exclusive province of suckers (people who still believe in and practice waiting in lines). Poor suckers, mostly.Airports resemble France before the Revolution: first-class passengers enjoy "élite" security lines and priority boarding, and disembark before the unwashed in coach, held at bay by a flight attendant, are allowed to foul the Jet-way.At amusement parks, too, you can now buy your way out of line. This summer I haplessly watched kids use a $52 Gold Flash Pass to jump the lines at Six Flags New England, and similar systems are in use in most major American theme parks, from Universal Orlando to Walt Disney World, where the haves get to watch the have-mores breeze past on their way to their seats.Flash Pass teaches children a valuable lesson in real-world economics: that the rich are more important than you, especially when it comes to waiting. An NBA player once said to me, with a bemused chuckle of disbelief, that when playing in Canada —get this — "We have to wait in the same customs line as everybody else."Almost every line can be breached for a pri ce. In several U.S. cities thi s summer, early arrivers among the early adopters waiting to buy iPhones offered to sell their spots in the lines. On Craigslist, prospective iPhone purchasers offered to pay "waiters" or "placeholders" to wait in line for them outside Apple stores.Inevitably, some semi-populist politicians have seen the value of sort-of waiting in lines with the ordinary people. This summer Philadelphia mayor John Street waited outside an AT&T store from 3:30 a.m. to 11:30 a.m. before a stand-in from hi s offi ce literally stood in for the mayor while he conducted offi cial business. And billionaire New York mayor Michael Bloomberg often waits for the subway with his fellow citizens, though he's first driven by motorcade past the stop nearest his house to astation 22 blocks away, where the wait, or at least the ride, is shorter.As early as elementary school, we're told that jumping the line is an unethi cal act, which is why so many U.S. lawmakers have framed the immigration debate as a kind of fundamental sin of the school lunch line. Alabama Senator Richard Shelby, to cite just one legislator, said amnesty would allow illegal immigrants "to cut in line ahead of millions of people."Nothing annoys a national lawmaker more than a person who will not wait in line, unless that line is in front of an elevator at the U.S. Capitol, where Senators and Representatives use private elevators, lest they have to queue with their constituents.But compromising the integrity of the line is not just antidemocratic, it's out-of-date. There was something about the orderly boarding of Noah's Ark, two by two, that seemed to restore not just civilization but civility during the Great Flood.How civil was your last flight? Southwest Airlines has first-come, first-served festival seating. But for $5 per flight, an unaffiliated company called will secure you a coveted "A" boarding pass when that airline opens for online check-in 24 hours before departure. Thus, the savvy traveler doesn't even wait in line when he or she is online.Some cultures are not renowned for lining up. Then again, some cultures are too adept at lining up: a citizen of the former Soviet Union would join a queue just so he could get to the head of that queue and see what everyone was queuing for.And then there is the U.S., where society seems to be cleaving into two groups: Very Important Persons, who don't wait, and Very Impatient Persons, who do — unhappily.For those of us in the latter group — consigned to coach, bereft of Flash Pass, too poor or proper to pay a placeholder — what do we do? We do what Vladimir and Estragon did in Waiting for Godot: "We wait. We are bored."17. What does the following sentence mean? "Once the most democratic of institutions, lines are rapidly becoming the exclusive province of suckers ... Poor suckers, mostly." (2nd paragraph)A. Lines are symbolic of America's democracy.B. Lines still give Americans equal opportunities.C. Lines are now for ordinary Americans only.D. Lines are for people with democratic spirit only.18. Which of the following is NOT cited as an example of breaching the line?A. Going through the customs at a Canadian airport.B. Using Gold Flash Passes in amusement parks.C. First-class passenger status at airports.D. Purchase of a place in a line from a placeholder.19. We can infer from the passage that politicians (including mayors and Congressmen) _______.A. prefer to stand in lines with ordinary people.B. advocate the value of waiting in lines.C. believe in and practice waiting in lines.D. exploit waiting in lines for their own good.20. What is the tone of the passage?A. Instructive.B. Humorous.C. Serious.D. Teasing.TEXT CA bus took him to the West End, where, among the crazy coloured fountains of illumination, shattering the blue dusk with green and crimson fire, he found the café of his choice, a tea-shop that had gone mad and turned Babylonian, a white palace with ten thousand lights. It towered above the older buildings like a citadel, which indeed it was, the outpost of a new age, perhaps a new civilization, perhaps a new barbarism; and behind the thin marble front were concrete and steel, just as behind the careless profusion of luxury were millions of pence, balanced to the last halfpenny. Somewhere in the background, hidden away, behind the ten thousand lights and acres of white napery and bewildering glittering rows of teapots, behind the thousand waitresses and cash-box girls and black-coated floor managers and temperamental long-haired violinists, behind the mounds of cauldrons of stewed steak, the vanloads of i ces, were a few men who went to work juggling with fractions of a farthing, who knew how many units of electri city it took to finish a steak-and-kidney pudding and how many minutes and seconds a waitress (five feet four in height and in average health) would need to carry a tray of given weight from the kitchen lift to the table in the far corner. In short, there was a warm, sensuous, vulgar life flowering in the upper storeys, and a cold science working in the basement. Such was the gigantic tea-shop into which Turgis marched, in search not of mere refreshment but of all the enchantment of unfamiliar luxury. Perhaps he knew in his heart that men have conquered half the known world, looted whole kingdoms, and never arrived in such luxury. The place was built for him.It was built for a great many other people too, and, as usual, they were all there. It steamed with humanity. The marble entrance hall, piled dizzily with bonbons and cakes, was as crowded and bustling as a railway station. The gloom and grime of the streets, the raw air, all November, were at once left behind, forgotten: the atmosphere inside was golden, tropical, belonging to some high mid-summer of confectionery. Disdaining the lifts, Turgis, once more excited by the sight, sound, and smell of it all, climbed the wide staircase until he reached his favourite floor, where an orchestra led by a young Jewish violinist with wandering lustrous eyes and a passion for tremolo effects, acted as a magnet to a thousand girls. The door was swung open for him by a page; there burst, like a sugary bomb, the clatter of cups, the shrill chatter of white-and-vermilion girls, and, cleaving the gol den, scented air, the sensuous clamour of the strings; and, as he stood hesitating a moment, half dazed, there came, bowing, a sleek grave man, older than he was and far more distinguished than he could ever hope to be, who murmured deferentially: "For one, sir? This way, please." Shyly, yet proudly, Turgis followed him.21. That "behind the thin marble front were concrete and steel" suggests that _______.A. modern realistic commercialism existed behind the luxurious appearance.B. there was a fundamental falseness in the style and the appeal of the café.C. the architect had made a sensible blend of old and new building materials.D. the cafe was based on physical foundations and real economic strength.22. The following words or phrases are somewhat critical of the tea-shop EXCEPT _______.A. "... turned Babylonian".B. "perhaps a new barbarism".C. "acres of white napery".D. "balanced to the last halfpenny".23. In its context the statement that "the place was built for him" means that the café was intended to _______.A. please simple people in a simple way.B. exploit gullible people like him.C. satisfy a demand that already existed.D. provide relaxation for tired young men.24. Which of the following statements about the second paragraph is NOT true?A. The café appealed to most senses simultaneously.B. The café was both full of people and full of warmth.C. The inside of the café was contrasted with the weather outside.D. It stressed the commercial determination of the café owners.25. The following are comparisons made by the author in the second paragraph EXCEPT that _______.A. the entrance hall is compared to a railway station.B. the orchestra is compared to a magnet.C. Turgis welcomed the lift like a conquering soldier.D. the interior of the café is compared to warm countries.26. The author's attitude to the café is _______.A. fundamentally critical.B. slightly admiring.C. quite undecided.D. completely neutral.TEXT DNow elsewhere in the world, Iceland may be spoken of, somewhat breathlessly, as Western Europe's last pristine wilderness. But the environmental awareness that is sweeping the world had bypassed the majority of Icelanders. Certainly they were connected to their land, the way one is complicatedly connected to, or encumbered by, family one can't do anything about. But the truth is, once you're off the beaten paths of the low-lying coastal areas where everyone lives, the roads are few, and they're all bad, so Iceland's natural wonders have been out of reach and unknown even to its own inhabitants. For them the land has al ways just been there, something that had to be dealt with and, if possible, exploited — the mind-set being one of land as commodity rather than land as, well, priceless art on the scale of the "Mona Lisa."When the opportunity arose in 2003 for the national power company to enter into a 40-year contract with the American aluminum company Alcoa to supply hydroelectric power for a new smelter (冶炼厂), those who had been dreaming of something like this for decades jumped at it and never looked back. Iceland may at the moment be one of the world's ri chest countries, with a 99 percent literacy rate and long life expectancy. But the project's advocates, some of them getting on in years, were more emotionally attuned to the country's century upon century of want, hardship, and colonial servitude to Denmark, which officially ended only in 1944 and whose psychological imprint remained relatively fresh. For the longest time, life here had meant little more than a hut, dark all winter, cold, no hope, children dying left and right, earthquakes, plagues, starvation, volcanoes erupting and destroying all vegetation and livestock, all spirit — a world revolving almost entirely around the welfare of one's sheep and, later, on how good the cod catch was. In the outlying regions, it still largely does.Ostensibly, the Alcoa project was intended to save one of these dying regions — the remote and sparsely populated east —where the way of life had steadily declined to a point of desperation and gloom. After fishing quotas were imposed in the early 1980s to protect fish stocks, many individual boat owners sold their allotments or gave them away, fishing rights ended up mostly in the hands of a few companies and small fishermen were virtually wiped out. Technological advances drained away even more jobs previously done by human hands, and the people were seeing everything they had worked for all their lives turn up worthless and their children move away. With the old way of life doomed, aluminum projects like this one had come to be percei ved, wisely or not, as a last chance. "Smelter or death."The contract with Alcoa would infuse the region with foreign capital, an estimated 400 jobs, and spin-off servi ce industri es. It also was a way for Iceland to develop expertise that potentially could be sold to the rest of the world; diversify an economy histori cally dependent on fish; and, in an appealing display of Icelandic can-do verve, perhaps even protect all of Iceland, once and for all, from the unpredictability of life itself."We have to live," Halldor Asgrimsson said. Halldor, a former prime minister and longtime member of parliament from the region, was a driving force behind the project. "We have a right to live."27. According to the passage, most Icelanders view land as something of _______.A. environmental value.B. commercial value.C. potential value for tourism.D. great value for livelihood.28. What is Iceland’s old-aged advocates' feeling towards the Alcoa project?A. Iceland is wealthy enough to reject the project.B. The project would lower life expectancy.C. The project would cause environmental problems.D. The project symbolizes an end to the colonial legacies.29. The disappearance of the old way of life was due to all the following EXCEPT _______.A. fewer fishing companies.B. fewer jobs available.C. migration of young people.D. imposition of fishing quotas.30. The 4th paragraph in the passage ________.A. sums up the main points of the passage.B. starts to discuss an entirely new point.C. elaborates on the last part of the 3rd paragraph.D. continues to depict the bleak economic situation.PART ⅢGENERAL KNOWLEDGE（10 MIN）There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answers to each question. Mark your answers on your colored answer sheet.31. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?A. The British constitution includes the Magna Carta of 1215.B. The British constitution includes Parliamentary acts.C. The British constitution includes deci sions made by courts of law.D. The British constitution includes one single written constitution.32. The first city ever founded in Canada is _______.。

TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2010)-GRADE EIGHT-TIME LIMIT: 195 MIN PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (35 MIN)SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.Paralinguistic Features of LanguageIn face to face communication speakers often alter their tones of voices or change their physical posture in order to convey messages. These means are called paralinguistic features of language, which fall into two categories.First category: vocal paralinguistic features(1)_____: to express attitude or intention examples (1)_______1. whispering: need for secrecy2. breathiness: deep emotion3. (2)_______: unimportance (2)_______4. nasality: anxiety5. extra lip-rounding: greater intimacySecond category: physical paralinguistic featuresA. facial expressions(3)____________ (3)_______— smiling: signal of pleasure or welcome less common expressions— eyebrow raising: surprise or interest— lip biting: (4)_________________ (4)_______ B. gestureGestures are related to culture.British culture— shrugging shoulders: (5)_______ (5)_______ — scratching head: puzzlement other cultures— placing hand upon heart: (6)_______ (6)_______ — pointing at nose: secretC. proximity, posture and echoing1. proximity: physical distance between speakers— closeness: intimacy or threat—(7)_______: formality or absence of interest (7)_______ Proximity is person-, culture- and (8)_______ -specific. (8)_______2. posture— hunched shoulders or a hanging head: to indicate (9)_______ (9)_______ — direct level eye contact: to express an open or challenging attitude3. echoing— definition: imitation of similar posture—(1)_______: aid in communication (10)_______ SECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your coloured answer sheet.Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview.1. According to Dr. Johnson, diversity means _______.A. merging of different cultural identitiesB. more emphasis on homogeneityC. embracing of more ethnic differencesD. acceptance of more branches of Christianity2. According to the interview, which of the following statements is CORRECT?A. Some places are more diverse than others.B. Towns are less diverse than large cities.C. Diversity can be seen everywhere.D. America is a truly diverse country.3. According to Dr. Johnson, which place will witness a radical change in its racial makeup by 2025?A. Maine.B. Selinsgrove.C. Philadelphia.D. California.4. During the interview Dr. Johnson indicates that _______.A. greater racial diversity exists among younger populationsB. both older and younger populations are racially diverseC. age diversity could lead to pension problemsD. older populations are more racially diverse5. According to the interview, religious diversity _______.A. was most evident between 1990 and 2000B. exists among Muslim immigrantsC. is restricted to certain places in the USD. is spreading to more parts of the countrySECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your coloured answer sheet.Questions 6 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the news.6. What is the main idea of the news item?A. Sony developed a computer chip for cell phones.B. Japan will market its wallet phone abroad.C. The wallet phone is one of the wireless innovations.D. Reader devices are available at stores and stations.Questions 7 and 8 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the news.7. Which of the following is mentioned as the government's measure to control inflation?A. Foreign investment.B. Donor support.C. Price control.D. Bank prediction.8. According to Kingdom Bank, what is the current inflation rate in Zimbabwe?A. 20 million percent.B. 2.2 million percent.C. 11.2 million percent.D. Over 11.2 million percent.Question 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.9. Which of the following is CORRECT?A. A big fire erupted on the Nile River.B. Helicopters were used to evacuate people.C. Five people were taken to hospital for burns.D. A big fire took place on two floors.10. The likely cause of the big fire is _______ .A. electrical short-circuitB. lack of fire-safety measuresC. terrorismD. not knownPART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions.Read the passages and then mark your answers on your coloured answer sheet.TEXT AWe had been wanting to expand our children's horizons by taking them to a place that was unlike anything we'd been exposed to during our travels in Europe and the United States. In thinking about what was possible from Geneva, where we are based, we decided on a trip to Istanbul, a two-hour plane ride from Zurich.Among the great cities of the world, Kolkata (formerly spelt as Calcutta), the capital of India's West Bengal, and the home of nearly 15 million people, is often mentioned as the only one that still has a large fleet of hand-pulled rickshaws.Rickshaws are not there to haul around tourists. It's the people in the lanes who most regularly use rickshaws — not the poor but people who are just a notch above the poor. They are people who tend to travel short distances, through lanes that are sometimes inaccessible to even the most daring taxi driver. An older woman with marketing to do, for instance, can arrive in a rickshaw, have the rickshaw puller wait until she comes back from various stalls to load her purchases, and then be taken home. People in the lanes use rickshaws as a 24-hour ambulance service. Proprietors of cafes or corner stores send rickshaws to collect their supplies. The rickshaw pullers told me their steadiest customers are school children. Middle-class families contract with a puller to take a child to school and pick him up; the puller essentially becomes a family retainer.From June to September Kolkata can get torrential rains. During my stay it once rained for about 48 hours. Entire neighborhoods couldn't be reached by motorized vehicles, and the newspapers showed pictures of rickshaws being pulled through water that was up to the pullers' waists. When it's raining, the normal customer base for rickshaw pullers expands greatly, as does the price of a journey. A writer in Kolkata told me, "When it rains, even the governor takes rickshaws."While I was in Kolkata, a magazine called India Today published its annual ranking of Indian states, according to such measurements as prosperity and infrastructure. Among India's 20 largest states, Bihar finished dead last, as it has for four of the past five years. Bihar, a few hundred miles north of Kolkata, is where the vast majority of rickshaw pullers come from. Once in Kolkata, they sleep on the street or in their rickshaws or in a dera — a combination of garage and repair shop and dormitory managed by someone called a sardar. For sleeping privileges in a dera, pullers pay 100 rupees (about $2.50) a month, which sounds like a pretty good deal until you've visited a dera. They gross between 100 and 150 rupees a day, out of which they have to pay 20 rupees for the use of the rickshaw and an occasional 75 or more for a payoff if a policeman stops them for, say, crossing a street where rickshaws are prohibited. A 2003 study found that rickshaw pullers are near the bottom of Kolkata occupations in income, doing better than only the beggars. For someone without land or education, that still beats trying to make a living in Bihar.There are people in Kolkata, particularly educated and politically aware people, who will not ride in a rickshaw, because they are offended by the idea of being pulled by another human being or because they consider it not the sort of thing people of their station do or because they regard the hand-pulled rickshaw as a relic of colonialism. Ironically, some of those people are not enthusiastic about banning rickshaws. The editor of the editorial pages of Kolkata's Telegraph —Rudrangshu Mukherjee, a former academic who still writes history books — told me, for instance, that he sees humanitarian considerations as coming down on the side of keeping hand-pulled rickshaws on the road. "I refuse to be carried by another human being myself," he said, "but I question whether we have the right to take away their livelihood." Rickshaw supporters point out that when it comes to demeaning occupations, rickshaw pullers are hardly unique in Kolkata.When I asked one rickshaw puller if he thought the government's plan to rid the city of rickshaws was based on a genuineinterest in his welfare, he smiled, with a quick shake of his head — a gesture I interpreted to mean, "If you are so na?ve as to ask such a question, I will answer it, but it is not worth wasting words on." Some rickshaw pullers I met were resigned to the imminent end of their livelihood and pinned their hopes on being offered something in its place. As migrant workers, they don't have the political clout enjoyed by, say, Kolkata's sidewalk hawkers, who, after supposedly being scaled back at the beginning of the modernization drive, still clog the sidewalks, selling absolutely everything —or, as I found during the 48 hours of rain, absolutely everything but umbrellas. "The government was the government of the poor people," one sardar told me. "Now they shake hands with the capitalists and try to get rid of poor people."But others in Kolkata believe that rickshaws will simply be confined more strictly to certain neighborhoods, out of the view of World Bank traffic consultants and California investment delegations —or that they will be allowed to die out naturally as they're supplanted by more modern conveyances. Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee, after all, is not the first high West Bengal official to say that rickshaws would be off the streets of Kolkata in a matter of months. Similar statements have been made as far back as 1976. The ban decreed by Bhattacharjee has been delayed by a court case and by a widely held belief that some retraining or social security settlement ought to be offered to rickshaw drivers. It may also have been delayed by a quiet reluctance to give up something that has been part of the fabric of the city for more than a century. Kolkata, a resident told me, "has difficulty letting go." One day a city official handed me a report from the municipal government laying out options for how rickshaw pullers might be rehabilitated."Which option has been chosen?" I asked, noting that the report was dated almost exactly a year before my visit."That hasn't been decided," he said."When will it be decided?""That hasn't been decided," he said.11. According to the passage, rickshaws are used in Kolkata mainly for the following purposes EXCEPT _______.A. taking foreign tourists around the city.B. providing transport to school children.C. carrying store supplies and purchases.D. carrying people over short distances.12. Which of the following statements best describes the rickshaw pullers from Bihar?A. They come from a relatively poor area.B. They are provided with decent accommodation.C. Their living standards are very low in Kolkata.D. They are often caught by policemen in the streets.13. That "For someone without land or education, that still beats trying to make a living in Bihar" (4th paragraph) means that even so, _______.A. the poor prefer to work and live in Bihar.B. the poor from Bihar fare better than back home.C. the poor never try to make a living in Bihar.D. the poor never seem to resent their life in Kolkata.14. We can infer from the passage that some educated and politically aware people _______.A. hold mixed feelings towards rickshaws.B. strongly support the ban on rickshaws.C. call for humanitarian actions for rickshaw pullers.D. keep quiet on the issue of banning rickshaws.15. Which of the following statements conveys the author's sense of humour?A. "...— not the poor but people who are just a notch above the poor." (2nd paragraph)B. "..., whic h sounds like a pretty good deal until you’ve visited a dera." (4th paragraph)C. Kolkata, a resident told me, "has difficulty letting go." (7th paragraph)D. "...or, as I found during the 48 hours of rain, absolutely everything but umbrellas." (6th paragraph)16. The dialogue between the author and the city official at the end of the passage seems to suggest _______.A. the uncertainty of the court's decision.B. the inefficiency of the municipal government.C. the difficulty of finding a good solution.D. the slowness in processing options.TEXT BDepending on whom you believe, the average American will, over a lifetime, wait in lines for two years (says National Public Radio) or five years (according to some customer-loyalty experts).The crucial word is average, as wealthy Americans routinely avoid lines altogether. Once the most democratic of institutions, lines are rapidly becoming the exclusive province of suckers (people who still believe in and practice waiting in lines). Poor suckers, mostly.Airports resemble France before the Revolution: first-class passengers enjoy "élite" security lines and priority boarding, and disembark before the unwashed in coach, held at bay by a flight attendant, are allowed to foul the Jet-way.At amusement parks, too, you can now buy your way out of line. This summer I haplessly watched kids use a $52 Gold Flash Pass to jump the lines at Six Flags New England, and similar systems are in use in most major American theme parks, from Universal Orlando to Walt Disney World, where the haves get to watch the have-mores breeze past on their way to their seats.Flash Pass teaches children a valuable lesson in real-world economics: that the rich are more important than you, especially when it comes to waiting. An NBA player once said to me, with a bemused chuckle of disbelief, that when playing in Canada —get this — "We have to wait in the same customs line as everybody else."Almost every line can be breached for a price. In several U.S. cities this summer, early arrivers among the early adopters waiting to buy iPhones offered to sell their spots in the lines. On Craigslist, prospective iPhone purchasers offered to pay "waiters" or "placeholders" to wait in line for them outside Apple stores.Inevitably, some semi-populist politicians have seen the value of sort-of waiting in lines with the ordinary people. This summer Philadelphia mayor John Street waited outside an AT&T store from 3:30 a.m. to 11:30 a.m. before a stand-in from his office literally stood in for the mayor while he conducted official business. And billionaire New York mayor Michael Bloomberg often waits for the subway with his fellow citizens, though he's first driven by motorcade past the stop nearest his house to astation 22 blocks away, where the wait, or at least the ride, is shorter.As early as elementary school, we're told that jumping the line is an unethical act, which is why so many U.S. lawmakers have framed the immigration debate as a kind of fundamental sin of the school lunch line. Alabama Senator Richard Shelby, to cite just one legislator, said amnesty would allow illegal immigrants "to cut in line ahead of millions of people."Nothing annoys a national lawmaker more than a person who will not wait in line, unless that line is in front of an elevator at the U.S. Capitol, where Senators and Representatives use private elevators, lest they have to queue with their constituents.But compromising the integrity of the line is not just antidemocratic, it's out-of-date. There was something about the orderly boarding of Noah's Ark, two by two, that seemed to restore not just civilization but civility during the Great Flood.How civil was your last flight? Southwest Airlines has first-come, first-served festival seating. But for $5 per flight, an unaffiliated company called will secure you a coveted "A" boarding pass when that airline opens for online check-in 24 hours before departure. Thus, the savvy traveler doesn't even wait in line when he or she is online.Some cultures are not renowned for lining up. Then again, some cultures are too adept at lining up: a citizen of the former Soviet Union would join a queue just so he could get to the head of that queue and see what everyone was queuing for.And then there is the U.S., where society seems to be cleaving into two groups: Very Important Persons, who don't wait, and Very Impatient Persons, who do — unhappily.For those of us in the latter group — consigned to coach, bereft of Flash Pass, too poor or proper to pay a placeholder — what do we do? We do what Vladimir and Estragon did in Waiting for Godot: "We wait. We are bored."17. What does the following sentence mean? "Once the most democratic of institutions, lines are rapidly becoming the exclusive province of suckers ... Poor suckers, mostly." (2nd paragraph)A. Lines are symbolic of America's democracy.B. Lines still give Americans equal opportunities.C. Lines are now for ordinary Americans only.D. Lines are for people with democratic spirit only.18. Which of the following is NOT cited as an example of breaching the line?A. Going through the customs at a Canadian airport.B. Using Gold Flash Passes in amusement parks.C. First-class passenger status at airports.D. Purchase of a place in a line from a placeholder.19. We can infer from the passage that politicians (including mayors and Congressmen) _______.A. prefer to stand in lines with ordinary people.B. advocate the value of waiting in lines.C. believe in and practice waiting in lines.D. exploit waiting in lines for their own good.20. What is the tone of the passage?A. Instructive.B. Humorous.C. Serious.D. Teasing.TEXT CA bus took him to the West End, where, among the crazy coloured fountains of illumination, shattering the blue dusk with green and crimson fire, he found the café of his choice, a tea-shop that had gone mad and turned Babylonian, a white palace with ten thousand lights. It towered above the older buildings like a citadel, which indeed it was, the outpost of a new age, perhaps a new civilization, perhaps a new barbarism; and behind the thin marble front were concrete and steel, just as behind the careless profusion of luxury were millions of pence, balanced to the last halfpenny. Somewhere in the background, hidden away, behind the ten thousand lights and acres of white napery and bewildering glittering rows of teapots, behind the thousand waitresses and cash-box girls and black-coated floor managers and temperamental long-haired violinists, behind the mounds of cauldrons of stewed steak, the vanloads of ices, were a few men who went to work juggling with fractions of a farthing, who knew how many units of electricity it took to finish a steak-and-kidney pudding and how many minutes and seconds a waitress (five feet four in height and in average health) would need to carry a tray of given weight from the kitchen lift to the table in the far corner. In short, there was a warm, sensuous, vulgar life flowering in the upper storeys, and a cold science working in the basement. Such was the gigantic tea-shop into which Turgis marched, in search not of mere refreshment but of all the enchantment of unfamiliar luxury. Perhaps he knew in his heart that men have conquered half the known world, looted whole kingdoms, and never arrived in such luxury. The place was built for him.It was built for a great many other people too, and, as usual, they were all there. It steamed with humanity. The marble entrance hall, piled dizzily with bonbons and cakes, was as crowded and bustling as a railway station. The gloom and grime of the streets, the raw air, all November, were at once left behind, forgotten: the atmosphere inside was golden, tropical, belonging to some high mid-summer of confectionery. Disdaining the lifts, Turgis, once more excited by the sight, sound, and smell of it all, climbed the wide staircase until he reached his favourite floor, where an orchestra led by a young Jewish violinist with wandering lustrous eyes and a passion for tremolo effects, acted as a magnet to a thousand girls. The door was swung open for him by a page; there burst, like a sugary bomb, the clatter of cups, the shrill chatter of white-and-vermilion girls, and, cleaving the golden, scented air, the sensuous clamour of the strings; and, as he stood hesitating a moment, half dazed, there came, bowing, a sleek grave man, older than he was and far more distinguished than he could ever hope to be, who murmured deferentially: "For one, sir? This way, please." Shyly, yet proudly, Turgis followed him.21. That "behind the thin marble front were concrete and steel" suggests that _______.A. modern realistic commercialism existed behind the luxurious appearance.B. there was a fundamental falseness in the style and the appeal of the café.C. the architect had made a sensible blend of old and new building materials.D. the cafe was based on physical foundations and real economic strength.22. The following words or phrases are somewhat critical of the tea-shop EXCEPT _______.A. "... turned Babylonian".B. "perhaps a new barbarism".C. "acres of white napery".D. "balanced to the last halfpenny".23. In its context the statement that "the place was built for him" means that the café was intended to _______.A. please simple people in a simple way.B. exploit gullible people like him.C. satisfy a demand that already existed.D. provide relaxation for tired young men.24. Which of the following statements about the second paragraph is NOT true?A. The café appealed to most senses simultaneously.B. The café was both full of people and full of warmth.C. The inside of the café was contrasted with the weather outside.D. It stressed the commercial determination of the café owners.25. The following are comparisons made by the author in the second paragraph EXCEPT that _______.A. the entrance hall is compared to a railway station.B. the orchestra is compared to a magnet.C. Turgis welcomed the lift like a conquering soldier.D. the interior of the café is compared to warm countries.26. The author's attitude to the café is _______.A. fundamentally critical.B. slightly admiring.C. quite undecided.D. completely neutral.TEXT DNow elsewhere in the world, Iceland may be spoken of, somewhat breathlessly, as Western Europe's last pristine wilderness. But the environmental awareness that is sweeping the world had bypassed the majority of Icelanders. Certainly they were connected to their land, the way one is complicatedly connected to, or encumbered by, family one can't do anything about. But the truth is, once you're off the beaten paths of the low-lying coastal areas where everyone lives, the roads are few, and they're all bad, so Iceland's natural wonders have been out of reach and unknown even to its own inhabitants. For them the land has always just been there, something that had to be dealt with and, if possible, exploited — the mind-set being one of land as commodity rather than land as, well, priceless art on the scale of the "Mona Lisa."When the opportunity arose in 2003 for the national power company to enter into a 40-year contract with the American aluminum company Alcoa to supply hydroelectric power for a new smelter (冶炼厂), those who had been dreaming of something like this for decades jumped at it and never looked back. Iceland may at the moment be one of the world's richest countries, with a 99 percent literacy rate and long life expectancy. But the project's advocates, some of them getting on in years, were more emotionally attuned to the country's century upon century of want, hardship, and colonial servitude to Denmark, which officially ended only in 1944 and whose psychological imprint remained relatively fresh. For the longest time, life here had meant little more than a hut, dark all winter, cold, no hope, children dying left and right, earthquakes, plagues, starvation, volcanoes erupting and destroying all vegetation and livestock, all spirit — a world revolving almost entirely around the welfare of one's sheep and, later, on how good the cod catch was. In the outlying regions, it still largely does.Ostensibly, the Alcoa project was intended to save one of these dying regions — the remote and sparsely populated east —where the way of life had steadily declined to a point of desperation and gloom. After fishing quotas were imposed in the early 1980s to protect fish stocks, many individual boat owners sold their allotments or gave them away, fishing rights ended up mostly in the hands of a few companies and small fishermen were virtually wiped out. Technological advances drained away even more jobs previously done by human hands, and the people were seeing everything they had worked for all their lives turn up worthless and their children move away. With the old way of life doomed, aluminum projects like this one had come to be perceived, wisely or not, as a last chance. "Smelter or death."The contract with Alcoa would infuse the region with foreign capital, an estimated 400 jobs, and spin-off service industries. It also was a way for Iceland to develop expertise that potentially could be sold to the rest of the world; diversify an economy historically dependent on fish; and, in an appealing display of Icelandic can-do verve, perhaps even protect all of Iceland, once and for all, from the unpredictability of life itself."We have to live," Halldor Asgrimsson said. Halldor, a former prime minister and longtime member of parliament from the region, was a driving force behind the project. "We have a right to live."27. According to the passage, most Icelanders view land as something of _______.A. environmental value.B. commercial value.C. potential value for tourism.D. great value for livelihood.28. What is Iceland’s old-aged advocates' feeling towards the Alcoa project?A. Iceland is wealthy enough to reject the project.B. The project would lower life expectancy.C. The project would cause environmental problems.D. The project symbolizes an end to the colonial legacies.29. The disappearance of the old way of life was due to all the following EXCEPT _______.A. fewer fishing companies.B. fewer jobs available.C. migration of young people.D. imposition of fishing quotas.30. The 4th paragraph in the passage ________.A. sums up the main points of the passage.B. starts to discuss an entirely new point.C. elaborates on the last part of the 3rd paragraph.D. continues to depict the bleak economic situation.PART ⅢGENERAL KNOWLEDGE（10 MIN）There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answers to each question. Mark your answers on your colored answer sheet.31. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?A. The British constitution includes the Magna Carta of 1215.B. The British constitution includes Parliamentary acts.C. The British constitution includes decisions made by courts of law.D. The British constitution includes one single written constitution.32. The first city ever founded in Canada is _______.。

1 / 482011年中南大学253法语（自命题）考研真题及详解Ⅰ. Choisissez le mot ou l ’expression convenables (50 points):1. Pendant les vacances, il _____ le matin autour du lac.A) se prom èneB) se promenaitC) se sont promen ésD) promenait【答案】B【解析】句意：假期的时候，他每天早上都在湖周围散步。

由句意可知，表示过去经常发生的动作，因此谓语动词使用直陈式未完成过去时。

2. Le supermarch é qui se trouve l à-bas à ét é construit _____,A) avant deux ansB) il y a deux ans2 / 48C) deux ans avantD) deux ans plus tôt【答案】B【解析】由谓语动词可知，动作发生在过去，且已经完成，因此时间状语应表示过去的某个具体时间点，故填il y a deux ans 。

3. _____ de son professeur, Luc a fait beaucoup de progr ès.A) A l ’aideB) Avec l ’aideC) En aidantD) Aidant【答案】B【解析】avec l ’aide de quelqu ’un 意为“在某人的帮助下”。

à l ’aide de qch 意为“借助某物”。

4. Ce n ’est pas un chef-d ’œuvre, _____ c ’est un roman agr éable à lire.3 / 48A) au contraireB) par cons équentC) maisD) c ’est pourquoi【答案】C【解析】句意：这不是一本代表作，但是这是一本让人读起来舒服的小说。

10年下半年法语中级考试试题-带答案2010年9月法语津贴中级考试试题(笔试)成绩一．选词填空（8%）1.V ous pouvez venir travailler dans notre bureau, __________ vous ne fumiez plus. .A.bien queB. pour queC. à condition queD. parce que2.__________ il fasse, il se débrouille toujours très bien.A. quel queB. quoi queC. qui queD. quoique3.Je n'aime pas ____________seul.A. que je travailleB. travaillerC. travaillantD. en travaillant4.J’aimerais savoir ____________ voulait le patron.A. ce queB. queC. ce quiD. ce qu’il5.V oilà ______ j’ai besion.A. ce queB. ce quiC. ce dontD. ce qu’il6.I l faut que quelqu’un m’explique les problèmes __ _ ona parlé hier.A. queB. oùC. auxquelsD. dont7.Elle a fini ce trav ail toute seule, ________ ses amis l’aient aidée.A.à condition queB. avant queC. pourvu queD. sans que8.On arrivera plus t?t ________ par ce village.A.en passantB. passantC. passerD.passe二．阅读理解（10%）Une année de sujets de conversationComme la chaleur en été et le rhume en hiver, les même sujets de conversation et de préoccupation reviennent périodiquement chaque année. V oici un petit guide qui vous permettra de vous orienter dans le pasysage des bavardages des Fran?ais.JanvierN’oubliez pas que les Fran?ais sortent d’une dure période de repas de fête. Il est donc tout naturel de parler de l’ état du foie(la bonne ou mauvaise digestion des repas). Admirez les cartes de voeux exposées sur la cheminée. Soyez pour ou contrele rallye Paris-Dakar : ? On peut y admirer de magnifiques paysages ? ou ? Il salit le désert. ?FévrierOn se plaint du tiers provistionnel(avanc e sur l’imp?t de l’année) qu’on a d? payer et de la déclaration des revenus (pour l’imp?t de l’année suivante) que l‘on doit faire a vant la fin du mois. Une conversation sur ce suhet peut durer une heure mais on n’y donne aucun chiffre précis. Parlez au ssi du templs qu’il fait : ??a fait longtemps qu’il n’y a pas eu un hiver aussi froid ? ou ?Il n’y a plus de vrai hiver. ?MarsAvec l’arrivée des eaux jours, la nature, les hommes politiques et les syndicalistes seréveillent. Les trois mois qui suivent sont fertiles en élections, grèves et manifestations. Commentez-les ! Parlez aussi des fleurs que vous avez achetées pour fleurir votre balcon.AvrilEchangez des information sur vos préparatifs de vacances d’ été (c’est maintenant qu’il faut choisir, réserver, etc.) et sur le régime que vous avez commencé en prévision de ces vacances. Faites aussi quelques remarques sur le temps ! ? En avril, ne te découvre pas d’un fil. ?MaiLe 1er Mai, indignez-vous du prix du muguet qui augmente chaque année etconsolez-vous avec le beau temps : ? En mai, fais ce qui te Pla?t ! ? Ce mois-ci, vous ne travaillerez que 12 jours. Avec les sorties pendant les week-ends prolongés, les invitations àdes mariages et à des communions, les sujets de conversation ne manqueront pas.JuinDeux grands sujets de conversation ce mois-ci : les examens : ? C’est de la folie. C’est inhumain. ? ou ? Il en faut bien. ? Les soldes : ? J’ai trouvé un superbe maillot de bain : il était vraiment donné. ?JuilletV ous devez impérativement avoir assisté à un festival. Si vous n’avez pas pu avoir de place pour Avigon ( théatre) ou Orange (opéra), sachez que les 36500communes de Fr ance organisent presque toutes leur festival. Passionnez-vous aussi un peu pour le Tour de France.Ao?tLe Fran?ais est en vacances. Il est donc en pays étranger, car pour lui, le territoireétranger commence quand il croise des voitures qui n’ont pas le même numérod’immatriculation que le sien. Il pratique donc son sport verbal favori : la comparaison (les prix, les gens, l’ état des villes, etc.) Révisez vos comparatifs et vos superlatifs !SeptembreC’est la rentrée (des élève, des hommes politiques, de s stars du show business).Dépêchez-vous de raconter vos anecdotes de vacances car la conversation passera vite à autre chose. Prenez position our ou contre le passage à l’heure d’hiver : ? ?a perturbe les enfants ?ou ? On dort une heure de plus. ?OctobreCommentez les nouvelles voitures du salon de l’auto et la rentrée universitaire : ? Il y a trop d’ étudiants, pas assez de professeurs ni assez de salles ?, ? Aujourd’hui, tout le mondepeut rentrer à l’université... ?NovembrePlaignez-vous des imp?t. Ce mois-ci vous devez payer le reste de votre imp?t sur le revenu, votre taxe d’habitation, votre imp?t foncier (si vous êtes propriétaire). C’est la saison des prix littéraires (prix Goncourt prix Fémina, etc). Pour pouvoir parler de ces romans, sans les avoir lus, lisez les quelques lignes au dos de leur couverture.DécembreLa France prépare les fêtes de fin d’année : ? Quel cadeau fait-on à Aurélien ? Où et avec qui va-t-on passer le réveillon ? Va-t-on dans ta famille pour No?l et dans la mienne our le jour de l’An ? Et si l’on partait 15 jours à la neige ? ?根据课文选择最佳答案1.( )Après une dure période de repas de fête, en javier on parle souvent de .A. l’ état du foieB. l’ état d’espritC. l’ état de santéD.l’ état de l’estomac2.( )D’après le texte, les Fran?ais préfèrent faire la grève et lesmanifestations .A. en étéB. au printempsC. en automneD. en hiver3.( )Avec les week-end prolognés, le mois où les Fran?ais travaillent le moins c’estcelui de ..A. janvierB. marsC. maiD. juin4.( )Lorsque l’o n se rencontre en septembre, on se salue et .A. on se raconte des anecdotes de vacances.B. on se plaint du tiers porvisionnel qu’on a d? payer.C. on commente les nouvelles voitures du salon de l’automobileD. on se pose la question de savoir quels cadeaux on fait aux enfants5.( )Au moment du passage à l’heure d’hiver .A. on avance la montre d’une demi-heureB. on recule la montre d’une demi-heureC. on avence la montre d’une heureD. on recule la montre d’une heure6.( )En plus de l’ imp?t sur les revenus, le porpriétaire d’une villa ou d’un chateau doitpayer .A. la taxe foncièreB. le tiers provisionnelC. la taxe d’habitationD. le taxe successoraleA B C A D A三．法汉互译（40%）（一）法译汉（15%）Départ pour la villeUn jour, on a décidé d’installer une usine à 20 kilomètres du village où je suis né. On a construit l’usine la plus moderne de la région, là où il n’y avait que des champs. Tout autour del’usine, on a construit des cités pour les ouvriers. Au début, il n’y a eu que qualques jeunes gens qui sont allés y travailler, mais la population a vite augementé et la ville qui est née près de l’usine compte aujoud’hui 10000 habitants.En effet, les conditions de vie à la compagne sont devenues de plus en plus difficiles. Les plaisires de la ville ont attiré les jeunes gens. Ils ont décidé alors d’aller travailler à l’usine.Dès le premier été, ils ont pris des vacances. Puis ils se sont acheté la télévision, ensuite une voiture, ce qui leur permet de retourner de temps en temps dans leur village.奔向城市一天，有人决定在我出生的那个村庄，（1）20公里开外建一家工厂（1）。

2011年法语专业八级真题及详解PARTIE ⅠDictée (10 points)Dans cette partie, vous entendrez un texte ayant 20 trous (chaque trou représente un mot ou une expression). Le texte sera lu deux fois (commencement sera signalé par un bip sonore). Complétez le texte selon l’enregistrement.Maintenant, vous avez deux minutes pour lire le texte. Et après la dictée, vous aurez deux minutes pour relire votre texte.Maintenant, écoutez le texte.Les voleurs s urveillés par des hélicoptèresLes voleurs de métaux vont (1) _____ être traqués depuis le ciel. Le directeur général de la (2) _____ nationale, et le directeur de la (3) _____ à la SNCF, s’apprêtent à signer une (4) _____visant à surveiller l’ensemble du (5) _____ ferré grâce à des (6) _____ d’hélicoptères. Des le début de 2011, les 56 (7) _____ vont pouvoir survoler les rails (8) _____ détecter toute (9) _____ suspecte de prédateurs sur (10) _____ et à leurs abords (11) _____.Nos engins, qui volent à une vitesse d’environ 200 (12) _____, (13) _____ l’avantage de balayer un grand périmètre en un temps record, explique le (14) _____ Patrice Bar. Un puissant phare de recherche permet d’éclairer la (15) _____ d’un stade de football a une (16) _____ de 300 mètres et une caméra thermique (17) _____ d’un zoom permettra d’analyser les images au cours de la (18) _____. Grâceaux (19) _____ rondes héliportées, les (20) _____ pourront déceler tout mouvement inhabituel d’inconnus.1. _____【答案】désormais【解析】désormais表示“从今以后”，在这里作时间状语。

2014年法语专业八级真题及详解PARTIE ⅠDictée (10 points)Dans cette partie, vous entendrez un texte ayant 20 trous (chaque trou représente un mot ou une expression). Le texte sera lu deux fois (le commencement sera signalé par un hip sonore). Complétez le texte selon l’enregistrement.Maintenant, vous avez deux minutes pour lire le texte. Et après la dictée, vous aurez deux minutes pour relire votre texte.Maintenant, écoutez le texte.Un homme à la (1) _____!(2) _____! le navire ne s’arrête pas. Le vent (3) _____, ce sombre navire-là a une route (4) _____forcé de continuer. Il passe.L’homme disparaît, puis (5) _____, il plonge et remonte à la surface, il appelle, il (6) _____ les bras, on ne l’entend pas; le navire, (7) _____ sous (8) _____, est tout à sa manœuvre, les (9) _____ et les passagers ne voient même plus l’homme (10) _____; sa misérable tête n’est (11) _____ dans (12) _____ des vagues.Il (13) _____ des cris désespérés dans les profondeurs. Quel (14) _____ que cette voile qui s’en va! Il la regarde, il la regarde (15) _____. Elle s’éloigne, elle blêmit, elle (16) _____. Il était là (17) _____, il était de (18) _____, il allait et venait sur le pontavec les autres, il avait sa part de respiration et de soleil, il était un vivant. Maintenant, que (19) _____ donc passé? Il (20) _____, il est tombé, c’est fini.【答案与解析】1. mer(意为“大海”。

法语考试题目及答案解析一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. Le professeur a demandé à ses élèves de faire attention à la________.A. grammaireB. orthographeC. conjugaisonD. vocabulaire答案：B解析：本题考查名词。

句意为“老师要求学生们注意拼写。

” 选项A意为“语法”，选项B意为“拼写”，选项C意为“变位”，选项D意为“词汇”。

根据句意，正确答案为B。

2. Je préfère le thé au café, car le café me donne ________.A. froidB. chaudC. malD. sommeil答案：C解析：本题考查名词。

句意为“我更喜欢茶而不是咖啡，因为咖啡让我不舒服。

” 选项A意为“冷”，选项B意为“热”，选项C意为“不舒服”，选项D意为“睡眠”。

根据句意，正确答案为C。

3. Elle a acheté une nouvelle robe pour la fête de Noël, mais elle n'a pas ________.A. l'essayerB. l'acheterC. l'oublierD. l'emmener答案：A解析：本题考查代词。

句意为“她为圣诞节买了一件新裙子，但她没有试穿。

” 选项A意为“试穿”，选项B意为“买”，选项C意为“忘记”，选项D意为“带走”。

根据句意，正确答案为A。

4. Il est important de bien ________ les règles de la route.A. connaîtreB. apprendreC. comprendreD. enseigner答案：A解析：本题考查动词。

2011年法语专业四级真题及详解PARTIE ⅠDictée (10 points)Dans cette partie,vous entendrez un texte. Il sera lu quatre fois(le commencement sera signalé par un b ip sonore): pour la première foi s, vous n’avez qu’à l’écouter; pour la deuxième et la troisième fois, vous écrivez le texte en l’écoutant et pour la quatrième fois, vous écoutez le texte pour vérifier votre transcription.Après la dictée, vous aurez trois minutes pour relire votre texte.Maintenant, écoutez.Vocabulaire:rythme n.m.节奏slogan n.m.口号se joindre (à) v.pr.加入注：日期书写方式示例——le 25 mars【答案】La Fête de la MusiqueLe 21 juin, c’est la Fête de la Musique! Beaucoup de gens vont dans les rues pour partager leur passion et faire bouger la ville au rythme de leur musique. Cettefête a lieu partout en France, en Europe,du soir au lendemain matin. C’est unefête populaire.Sous le slogan Faites de la musique!, la Fête encourage les musiciens amateurs à se produire gratuitement dans les ru es et d’autres espaces publics. Elle permet ainsi à un public large d’entrer en contact direct avec des musiques de toutes sortes, chantées dans toutes les langues. Alors, qu’attendez-vous pour vous joindre à eux?PARTIE ⅡCompréhension orale (10 points)Cette partie est compo sée de deux sections.Section A (5 points)Dans cette section, vous entendrez dix petits dialogues ou messages. Chaque dialogue ou message vous sera passé deux fois(l e commencement sera signalé par un bip sonore): vous l’écoutez et vous choisissez la bonne réponseàla question qui se pose sur le dialogue.Maintenant, vous avez trois minutes pour lire les questions et toutes lesréponses suggérées.1. D’après vous, de quoi s’agit-il?A. D’un mariage.B. D’une naissance.C. D’un enterrement.【答案】B【解析】录音中提到欢迎来到这个世界，小雷欧！由此可知这是一个孩子刚刚出生，因此答案为B。

2017年法语专业八级真题及详解PARTIE ⅠDictée (10 points)Dans cette partie, vous entendrez un texte ayant 20 trous (chaque trou représente un mot ou une expression). Le texte sera lu deux fois (le commencement sera signalé par un bip sonore). Complétez le texte selon l’enregistrement.Maintenant, vous avez deux minutes pour lire le texte. Et après la dictée, vous aurez deux minutes pour relire votre texte.Maintenant, écoutez le texte.Deux amisNicolas (1) _____ alors que son ami menait joyeuse vie. La (2) _____ de leurs situations ne les avait pas complètemen t (3) _____ l’un de l’autre; souvent, ils (4) _____ dans des cafés, leur camaraderie (5) _____ intacte, amateurs (6) _____ de b ières et de longues discussions; Nicolas se faisait (7) _____ de montrer que le mariage ne l’avait pas (8) _____ Aucun des deux n’avait tout à fait abandonné ses projets (9) _____ ils y consacraient une part de (10) _____. C’est (11) _____ devait contribuer à(12) _____ leur amitié. Nicolas publia plus tard un recueil de (13) _____ qui obtint un succès modeste mais (14) _____. (15) _____, son ami (16) _____ dans une aventure avec une femme, qui l’avait amené dans la République dominicaine. Il en étaitrevenu deux ans plus tard avec (17) _____ d’un premier roman et (18) _____ lire à Nicolas. Ce dernier avait été (19) _____ par la (20) _____ de l’écr iture de son ami. 【答案与解析】1. s’était marié(se marier的愈过去时。

2010年专八真题参考答案PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MINI-LECTURE1. function/ purpose/ intention/ aim/ goal/ objective2 huskiness3 universal signal(s)/ universal expression(s)/ common expression(s)4 thought or uncertainty/ meditation or uncertainty/ contemplation or uncertainty/ thinking/ deep in thinking or thought/ deep thinking5 indifference/ lack of knowledge/ I don’t know/ I don’t care6 truth-telling/ honesty7 distance8 situation/ context/ occasion9 mood/ happy or mot/ happy or unhappy10 unconsciously same posture/ unconscious imitationSECTION B INTERVIEW1.C2.A3.D4.A5.CSECTION C NEWS BROADCAST6.B7.C8.A/ D9.D 10.APART II READING COMPREHENSION11.A 12.C 13.B 14.A 15.D16.C 17.C 18.A 19.D 20.D/ B21.A 22.C/ B 23.C/ B24.D/ B25.C26.A 27.B/ D28.D 29.A 30.CPART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE31.D 32.A 33.D 34.A 35.C36.D 37.A 38.A 39.C 40.BPART IV PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION1 be well中间插入as；OR as 改为like2 their改为its3 There改为It4 Whereas改为But5 further 改为much/ far 或去掉further6 come改为bring7 similar改为different8 will改为would9 as important去掉as；OR as改为so10 the part去掉thePART V TRANSLATIONSECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISHFriends tend to become more intimate and get along well if they have the same temperament and interests, or they will cease to be friends and go separate ways. No matter how close they are, friends cannot stay together without courtesy and mutual respect, or the harmony and balance will be disrupted, and the friendship will no longer exist. Generally, everyone, when in such friendship, still expects a private space of his own. But by frequently doing as he pleases in interacting with friends, one may risk intruding into that forbidden zone, thus causing discord or estrangement. Though failing to show respect for friends only seems to be a trifle, it may turn out to be a seed sown only to lead to the destruction of the relationship over time. Therefore, the best way to keep good friendship is never to go beyond a certain limit in dealing with friends or meddle in friends’ affairs.SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE我想那是五月一个星期天的清晨；那天是复活节，而且还是一大早天才朦朦亮的时候。

préhension orale (20 %)Exercice 11.Quand vous entendez cette annonce, vous êtes :□dans une gare□dans un aéroport□dans le métro × station est fermée :□toute la journée.□seulement l’après-midi jusqu’à 19 h 30.□seulement le soir à partir de 21 h 30.× station est fermée pour cause de :□grève □vacances □travaux ×Exercice 21.Que veut faire le client ?□Ecoutez un CD.×□Echanger un CD.□Copier un CD. vendeuse dit que c’est impossible parce que :□le CD est cassé.□l e client n’a pas le ticket de caisse.□la boîte est ouverte.×bien coûte le CD ? Ecrivez votre réponse :--17,95€-------------------4.Le client est mécontent car :□il a perdu le CD.□il n’aime pas le CD.×□il ne peut écouter le CD.Exercice 31.Pour préparer la pâte à crêpes , il vous faut :□200 grammes de farine et 6 oeufs.□300 grammes de farine et 4 oeufs.×□300 grammes de farine et 3 oeufs.2.On fait cuire les crêpes :□1 minutes de chaque côté□2 minutes d’un côté.□2 minutes de chaque côté.×3.Pour avoi r de la chance, qu’est-ce qu’on prend dans la main ?-------Une pièce d’or-----------------------------------------------------------II. Lexique/Structure (40%)1.J’ai _______D_______ de prendre quelques jours de congés.A.le but finalitéC. la finD.l’intention2._______D______ elle prend des cours de violon, elle a fait de réels progrès.A. Dès qu’B.Pendant queC. QuandD.Depuis que3.Denis est arrivé en retard parce qu’il s’était trompé _____A_____ adresse.A. d’B. àC.enD. sur4. Mes voisins sont partis en vacances et ils m’ont ____B_____ leur chat.A. offertB. confiéC.venduD. réparti5. On va danser ? Je connais une bonne _____C______ .A. boîte à lettresB. boîte de secoursC.boîte de nuitD. boîte à ordures6. Non seulement il a été sauvé, mais encore sa santé s’améliore______A______.A.de jour en jourB.de tous les joursC.jour pour jourD.au grand jour.7. Si tu lui dis ça, tu _____A_______ de le mettre en colère.A. risquesB. aura de la possibilitéC.aura une chanceD. souffrir8. _____A________les oeufs avec la crème avant d’ajouter du sel et du poivre.A. MélangezB. CoupezC.Epluchez D Buvez9. Ce marin vient de battre le record, il a traversé l’Atlantique _____C____ moins dedix jours.A. dansB.pourC.enD. pendant10.Je voudrais bien visiter cette église que ______C_____ de loin de ma chambre.A. je m’aperçoisB. j’observeC.j’aperçoisD. je remarque11.J’ai passé une journée ______D______ visiter Versailles.A. deB. pourC.enD.à12.Cet appartement n’est pas bien orienté, mais il y en a ______D______au dessus qui me conviendrait mieux.A. d’autreB. aucun autreC.chaqueD. un autre13.Si tu lui dis ça, tu ______A______ de le mettre en colère.A.risquesB.aura de la possibilitéC.aura une chanceD. souffrir14. J’ai du mal _____D____ joindre les deux bouts ; quant àlui, il se paie des vacances ___________ Grèce.A. de ; àB. de ;enC.à ; auD.à ; en15.Je ne supporte pas ce film, il est vraiment trop violent. Passe-moi _____D_________, je vais changer de chaîne.A.le boutonB.l’appareilC.le programme télécommande16.Toutes les stations de métro parisien ne sont pas les mêmes : certaines sont modernes, comme ________C__________de la Défense.A. cellesB. celui-ciC.celleD.celui17.Sa femme ne veut pas parler à_______A________.A.n’importe quiB. n’importe quoiC.n’importe lequelD. n’importe où18.Le directeur envisage ________B_______des candidats possédant une expérience professionnelle de trois ans au minimum.A.d’occuperB.de recruterC.de licencierD.d’ enregistrer19. Jacques occupe un ______B_______ important dans une grande entreprise.A. jobB.posteC.boulotD.travail20.Le nouveau directeur est un homme _______B______. En trois jours, il a réorganisé toute la production.A.gentilB.efficaceC.incapableD.énergique21.Malgré les interdictions, je trouve que les automobilistes _______B______ de plus en plus vite sur les autoroutes.A.parcourentB.roulentC.se déplacentD.traversent22.Nous voudrions bien monter sur cette colline que ______C_____ de notre villa.A. nous nous apercevonsB.nous regardonsC.nous apercevonsD. nous aimons23.J’aime _______B______les films policiers que les films poétiques.A. aussiB. autantC.beaucoupD.tellement24.Pendant l’examen écrit, deux professeurs ________A________les candidats.A.surveillentB.contemplentC.distinguentD.aperçoivent25.Inutile de prendre de l’aspirine, ________B________ tu n’as plus mal à la tête.meB. puisqueC. par conséquentD. pourtant26.V ous n’avez ni argent liquide ni carte bleue, heur eusement vous pouvez ________A.__________ .A. faire un chèqueB. écrire un chèqueC.mettre un chèqueD.ouvrir un chèque27._____A_______la charge du foyer, la plupart des femmes chinoises travaillent au dehors.A. En plus deB.A l’exception deC. A l’égard deD.D’après28.Faire ________D_______des photos chez le photographe.A.étendreB.apparaîtreC.exposerD.développer29. Si tu passes chez _____B______, achète-moi une livre de Gruyère.A. le poissonnierB.le fromagerC.le quincaillerD.le docteur30.Daniel est au chômage. Il lit tous les jours les ________B_______d’emploi dans la presse.A.demandesB.offresC.modesD.recherches31. Elle quitte Paris pour aller vivre dans un village oùelle ne connaît_____B______.A.une personneB.personneC.aucunD.nul voiture était chère, je n’avait pas beaucoup d’argent ______A_____ .A.à l’époqueB. maintenantC.en ce momentD.aujourd’hui33.J’aimerais disposer de quelques jours de réflexion avant de _____B______ une décision définitive.A. faireB.prendreC. fixerD.mettre mer est mauvaise et le bateau bouge trop. J’ai mal ______A______ et je crois que je vais vomir.A . au coeur B.à la gorge C.aux pieds D.aux genoux35.Nous avons vu le film en _________B_________ originale sous titrée.A.scèneB.versionC.scénarioD.rédaction36.Il ne peut pas venir à la soirée. Il a un _______D________.A.événementB.empiècementC.emmêlementD.empêchement37.Un accident de la circulation vient d’avoir _______D_______ .A.occasionB.produitC.passéD.lieu38.Chaque classe _____A_____ d’un poste de télévision.A. disposeB.possèdeC.maîtriseD. dispute39.V oulez-vous du citron sur ton poisson ?Non merci, je n’aime pas le citron. Je trouve cela trop ______C__________ .A.saléB.sucréC.acideD.amer40.Tous les salariés ont droit aux ________D_________payés.A.vacancesB.fêtesC.distractionsD.congéspréhension écrite (20%)1.S.O.S. SaïgaClassé parmi les animaux les plus en danger d’extinction sur la liste rouge de l’Union mondiale pour la nature (édition 2000), le saïga est en passe de disparaître. Cette curieuse antilope au museau bombé, qui parcourt en groupe les vastes s teppes d’Asie centrale, est en effet victime d’un véritable massacre, tuée pour sa viande mais aussi pour ses cornes, utilisées en médecine traditionnelle. En 1993, la population était estimée à plus de 1 million. Aujourd’hui, elle serait inférieure à 50 000 spécimens.Peut-on encore sauver l’espèce? Oui, à condition que les autorités de ces pays où vit le saïga mènent des actions efficaces contre les braconniers.Science &Vie Junior n° 159, décembre 20021.L’auteur pense ... BA. que le saïga est voué à une disparition certaine.B. qu’il est encore temps de sauver le saïga.C. que la survie de l’espèce est en bonne voie.D. que le saïga sera bientôt déclaré espèce protégée.2.Que devraient faire les Etats d’Asie centr ale pour sauver le saïga? DA. Ils devraient réintroduire l’espèce.B. Ils devraient voter une loi pour le protéger.C. Ils devraient créer des parcs naturels.D. Ils devraient lutter contre le braconnage.2. LA SECURITE DES JOUETS EN QUESTIONSeuls 50% sont jugés totalement conformes aux normes.La sécuritédes jouets laisse-t-elle àdésirer? Selon les analyses menées, comme chaque année en France avant les fêtes de Noël, sur 400 échantillons, par la Direction générale de la concurrence, de la consommation et la répression des fraudes ( DGCCRF), 10 % des jouets sont « non conformes ou dangereux », et 50% des jouets seulement déclarés « conformes ». Ils ne respectent donc pas toutes les obligations réglementaires spécifiques destinées à prévenir les risques de blessure des utilisateurs de jouets et jeux vidéo. Il s’agit à la fois d’exigences de construction mais aussi d’un étiquetage approprié comprenant les avertissements destinés à attirer l’attention des utilisateurs sur les risques inhérents à certains objets et la manière de les éviter.[ ...](E.PA)Libération,17 décembre 2002.1.Quelles informations doit comporter l’étiquetage des jouets? CA.Le détail de la composante électronique.B.L’explication du fonctionnement du jouet.C.Les risques et la conduite à suivre. mention « conforme ».2. Que fait le journaliste dans cet article? AA.Il constate des faits inquiétants.B.Il condamne la DGCCRF.C.Il alarme les parents.D.Il lance un avertissement.3. Economiquement la Bulgarie est, avec l’Albanie, l’un de s pays les plus pauvres de l’Europe de l’Est. Si l’actuel gouvernement peut se vanter d’avoir réussi à maîtriser une inflation plus que galopante, sa gestion des finances s’est révélée catastrophique. 50% de la population vit avec moins de 60 dollars par mois et les retraités, la partie sacrifiée de la population, ont jueste assez d’argent pour payer leur ration de pain et de yao urt journalière. La plupart regrettent la période communiste où, même s’ils n’étaient pas riches, ils pouvaient au moins vivre décemment. Le ministre de l’Economie, qui avait pour espoir d’attirer les investisseurs étrangers sur le sol bulagre et pour ambition de faire rentrer le pays dans la communauté européenne, ne sait plus quoi annoncer à une population qui ne croit plus à ses discours. Rares sont en effet les entreprises étrangères qui ont osé tenter l’aventure dans un pays où la corruption est quasiment institutionnalisée. Quant aux jeunes, bientôt en minorité vue la croissance démographique, ils s’acharnent à apprendre les langues étrangères et participent chaque année à la loterie organisée par les Etats-Unis pour pouvoir obtenir un visa d’immigration. La presse est plus que timide et les journalistes n’osent plus critiquer ouvertement la politique du gouvernement ; le ton des articles les plus subversifs se situe entre un cynisme féroce et un humour des plus noirs.1.D’après cet article, la Bulgarie AA.connaît une situation critique.B.connaît une forte immigration.C. a une presse dynamiqueD.attire les entreprises étrangères.2.En Bulgarie, les jeunes DA.aiment voyager.B.sont doués en langue.C.veulent jouer au loto.D.sont de moins en moins nombreux3. Le gouvernement a connu un succès dans ses mesures AA.pour enrayer l’inflation.B.pour entrer dans l’Union Européenne.C.pour redonner espoir à la population.D.pour augmenter les retraités.4.De : d.vandenhend@Pour :h.dupont@c.c. : m.petit@objet : à tous les internautes détenteurs de portables...Gare au piratage de la ligne de portable !Depuis quelques temps des escrocs ont trouvé un moyen d’u tiliser frauduleusementvos portables. Si une personne vous téléphone et se présente comme votre fournisseurde service et demande de rappeler un numéro et de composer ensuite votre codeconfidentiel en expliquant qu’il s’agit de vérifier le bon fonctionne ment de votreappareil, NE REPONDEZ SURTOUT PAS ET RACCROCHEZIMMEDIATEMENT. V os factures augmenteraient sans commune mesure. En effet,ils disposent d’outils permettant de lire votre numéro de carte et d’en créer unenouvelle. Cette fraude est actuellement pratiquée àgrande échelle, il est impératifd’être très vigilant. Nous vous recommandons de prévenir toute personne susceptibled’être piégée.Informez donc vos amis, vos proches et vos collègues de travail.1.Ce message est diffusé BA. dans un journal.B. sur Internet.C.à la télévision.D.dans une note de service2.Le principe de la fraude consiste DA. à piéger votre portableB. à voler votre carteC.à composer de faux numéros.D.à déchiffrer votre code.3. Si vous ne prenez pas en compte ce message, vous risquez BA. de ne plus téléphoner à vos amis et à vos proches.B. de payer de lourdes factures téléphoniques.C. d’endommager votre portable.D. de voir votre abonnement téléphonique s’arrêter.IV.Production écrite (20%)Vous étiez à Saint-Germain-des-Prés aujourd’hui et vous avez voulu prendre un caféàla terrasse des Deux Magots. Il y avait un monde incroyable. Soudain, deux personnes vous ont demandé si elles pouvaient s’asseoir sur votre banquette(软垫长椅). Surpris(e), vous reconnaissez deux célébrités(名人) de la chanson ou du cinéma. A votre accent(听了你的口音), elles s’aperçoivent (发觉)que vous êtes étranger(e) et vous parlent quelques minutes. Elles vous signent un autographe. C’est l’événement du jour : vous le racontez avec beaucoup de détails dans votre journal de voyage.(100-120 mots environ)。