冠词一、固定词组1. 有些固定词组中有the : in the middle of, go to the cinema/ movies, play the violin/ piano/ guitar, in the end, the same2. 有些词组中不用任何冠词：by bus, play football, play chess, go to school, go to bed, at first, lose weight3. 有些词组中加a: catch a bus, in a hurry, take a walk,二、专有名词前1.国家、城市等专有名词前不加the : Shanghai, in New York, in America，但是the United Sates 要加the2. 由普通名词构成的专有名词前加the Great Wall,3. 江河、海洋、山川前加the: the Yangtze River, the Pacific, the Yellow Mountains 三．一日三餐、四季、一星期七天及十二个月，next前不加任何冠词1. for breakfast/lunch/supper2. in spring/ summer /autumn /winter3.on Monday /Tuesday /Wednesday /Thursday /Friday /Saturday / Sunday4.inJanuary,February,March,April,May,June,July,August,September,October,November,De cember四、宇宙中独一无二的事物，序数词，形容词最高级，only所修饰的名词前用the1. the sun, the moon, the earth2. the eighth, the twelfth, the twentieth, the fourth3. the biggest, the most popular4. the only key五、形容词加the, 表示这一类人the blind, the deaf, the old, the rich, the poor六、单词前面用“an”还是“a”取决于单词开头的读音是否是原音1. a: a useful dictionary, a university student, a European village, a one-eyed captain, a uniform2. an: an hour, an honest girl, an e-mail, an important letter, an exchange student, an unclean X-ray photograph, an MBA course,There is __an __”f” in the word “first”. ( f, h, l, m, n, s, x, r, )介词分类记忆：一、时间介词具体哪一天on, 几点钟前用at, 年、月份前用in, 早上、下午、晚上用in, 但是具体某一天的早上、下午、晚上用on。
last, next, this, that, some, every等词之前一律不用介词On Christmas Day, on December 14, 2013, on the morning of December 15,二、地点介词三、短语中固定搭配的介词care for, based on, in one’s thirties, concentrate on=focus on , the answer to the question, the key to the door, She is of average height, share with, be responsible for, add…to,四、方式介词by，withby bus, by train , by e-mail, by express mail, by credit cardwrite with a pen, say it in English五、表示形容词、副词比较范围的of/ among + 代词，名词或数词，in+ 表示地点或集体的名词John was the first on the list of the famous stars because he was the richest ______ them.代词一、人称代词1.顺序：单数：二、三、一复数：一、二、三John sits among ______, _______ and me.A. Mary…youB. she…youC. you…MaryD. you…she2.主格宾格：主格——主语，宾格——宾语（动词或介词后）The journalist interviewed ________. (he, his, him)I show_______ around the city. (they, their, them)3. 名词性物主代词The cinema in our neighborhood is old and small, but ______ is big and modern.(they, them,. their, theirs)Mum, have you ever seen Danny’s sports shoes? I want a pair like _______. (he)a friend of mine/ his/ my father’sI ______ we______ you_______ he_______ her________ they_______4、反身代词enjoy oneself , help oneself to sth, learn…by oneself= teach oneselfI made it myself.I ______ we______ you_______ he_______ her________ they_______ it________不定代词1.the other, others, another, the othersSome…._______ One…_________another + 可数名词的单数固定词组一个接着一个_________________Will you please show me _________ one?Have _______ try, and you’ll succeed.2.形容词修饰不定代词、形容词后置something necessary3.either_______, neither______, both______, all_______, none________The report says __________ of the two countries in Asia supports the war.After you get off the bus, you can take ________ of the two Metro Lines to Zhongshan Park.either side both sides4.few, a few, little, a littleIt’s unusual for him to be so active because he is often a boy of _______ words.A. fewB. littleC. manyD. much数词1、two hundred/ thousand, hundreds/thousands of , 前面如果有more than, less than , over, about 等词时，用确切的数据about/ more than two hundred people2、数字的读法，百位和十位之间用and 3653、序数词的拼写One_______ , two__________, three_________ Four________, five________, eight_________, twelve________, nine_______, twenty_________, twenty-one_____________5.分数1/2____________ 2/3__________, 3/ 4_________, 3/5_________6、百分比30 percent7、日期表达February 12，1809two hours and a half =two and a half hoursa ten-year-old boy The boy is ten years old.He is over fifty years old. He is in his fifties.It’s ten minutes’walk. It’s a ten-minute walk.名词1. 变复数potato______ tomato______ hero______ Negro_______ photo______(两人两菜加s, 其他加es)boy______ toy_________, dictionary_________, (只有辅音+y 结尾变y为ies) beach___________(s, x, ch, sh,结尾的名词复数+es)life, thief ,leaf, knife(fe, f结尾的名词，把f, fe变为ves)2. 可数名词与不可数名词many children much informationa few books a little timesome boys some timea couple of days a basket of fruit修饰可数名词的：few, a few, many, a large number of, a couple of修饰不可数名词的: little, a little, much, a great deal of, huge amounts of既修饰可数名词的，又可以修饰可数名词的：plenty of , a lot of/ lots of , some3. 名词所有格my father’s friend= a friend of my father’s，the teachers’office，the Children’s Palace形容词/ 副词1、形容词的用法：1）系动词后做表语The comedy is very funny2）在名词前作定语It’s a funny comedy3）修饰不定代词在不定代词之后There is something wrong with my watch.4）在宾语之后作宾语补足语The good news made Bob’s mother excited.You’d better keep the window open.2、副词的用法：1）修饰行为动词He drives carefully.2）修饰形容词The food is quite delicious.3）修饰整个句子Luckily, he still got the first prize3、much, far, a little, a bit, a lot, even等词修饰形容词比较级The Bund looks much _________ at night. (pretty)He looks a little __________(happy)4. 既是形容词又是副词的：early ,fast, hard, high , late5、as…as not as/ so…as句型中间用形容词或者副词的原级，所以可以先排除比较级和最高级，选副词还是形容词，看是否修饰行为动词The driver drove as ___________ as usual.A. most carefullyB. more carefulC. carefulD. carefully6、一些特殊句型The 比较级主语+谓语，the 比较级主语+谓语，The earlier…, the better…the fastest in our class，one of the longest rivers，the second longest river，better and better疑问词How far (ten minutes’ walk)How soon (in ten minutes)How fast (a mile in ten minutes)How long (for ten minutes)How often (twice a day)How many (two)How much (two yuan/two kilos)1. He went to the hospital to have a checkup on eyesight. (99)______ ______ he go to the hospital?2. We have a class meeting once a week. (00)______ ______ did the American spacecraft Galileo travel and work in space?3. This sign means cars and buses mustn’t turn right here.(04)______ ______ this sign mean?4. London held the first World Expo in 1851. (05)______ did London ______ the first World Expo?5. The students’ projects will be on showin three days. (06)______ ______ will the students’ projects be on show?动词连系动词:1.be 动词2.感官动词：feel(feel-felt-felt), smell(smell-smelt-smelt), taste, sound, look3.表示变化的: become-became-become, get-got-got, grow-grew-grown, turn4. 表示保持的：keep, stay, remain5. 似乎是seem情态动词:May I watch TV? No, you mustn’t/ may not/ can’t.Must I do the work? No, you needn’t.may be 可能是must be 一定是can’t be 不可能是You needn’t help him.= You don’t need to help him.1. We ______ keep the new traffic law and learn how to protect ourselves. (04)A) may B) should C) can D) need2. A: ______ I fill in the check-in form right now, sir?B: No, you needn’t. You can complete it this afternoon. (05)A) May B) Can C) Would D) Must3. My mother ______ make rice dumplings. She’ll teach me how to do it. (06)A) must B) need C) should D) can使役动词：make, let, have sb. do sth.动词的时态和语态:一般现在时主语+do/ does 1、表示现在经常或反复发生的动作或存在的状态，常和often , always,usually ,sometimes, everyday 等时间状语连用；2、表示客观事实或普遍真理；The sun rises in the east.3、由when, before, after, if, unless, as soon as 引导的从句，主句用将来时从句用一般现在时I will tell him as soon as he comes back.一般过去时主语+did1、常和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last week, three years ago , in 1987, at the time , in the past2、过去习惯性动作used to do一般将来时will/ shall do1、shall, will + 动词原型构成一般将来时；2、am (is , are) going to + 动词原型，表示近期打算去做的事情或可能要发生的事情；there is going to be3、表示“去向”的动词，可以用进行时表示将来时come, go, arrive, leave, leave for I’m leaving for Beijing the day after tomorrow.现在进行时am/ is/ are + doing常用时间状语now, at present , for the time being, look, listen, be carefulLook, Jane’s grandma ________ with some aged people.A. dancesB. dancedC. is dancingD. was dancing过去进行时was/ were + doing常用时间状语at that moment, this time yesterday, at six yesterday morning, from two to three yesterday afternoon.也常用于when 和while引导的时间状语从句When I was having dinner with my family last night, the telephone rang.现在完成时have/ has + done1.常用的时间状语和副词: never, ever, already, yet, just, recently, so far, up to now, in the past 10 years.2. already & yetI have already read the book, (改否定句)I _____ read the book _____.3. since&forI have learned English since 2004 (对划线部分提问)I have learned English for 10 years （同上）4. 延续性动词和瞬间动词Ｉ______ this book for a week.A. have boughtB. have hadC. boughtD. buy现在完成时had + done1.表示过去的过去，常用的时间状语：by the end of last year, before I entered the school2. 用于主句为一般过去时的宾语从句中He told me that he had been to China twice.被动语态：1.构成：be+及物动词的过去分词p.p2. 时态的变化主要体现在be 的变化一般现在时am/ is/ are+p.p, 一般过去时was/were+ p.p现在完成时has/ have been +p.p 一般将来时will be +p.p情态动词should/ may/ must/ can/ could… + be+ p. p3. 先划出句子的谓语部分———写出动词原形——判断时态——注意主语的单复数Jane wrote several articles about memory last month.Several articles about memory ____ ____ by Jane last month.1.wrote————2. write—wrote—written——3. was/ were written——4. 主语是several articles , 因此是were written非谓语动词1——动词不定式1. 主语To be a teacher is my dream2. 宾语I want to buy a new bike3. 表语My father’ s job is to make sick people better.4. 定语We have got a new project to do5. 宾语补足语Our headmaster asked us to work hard6. 动词不定式作形式主语It is difficult to learn English well7. 动词不定式作宾语的动词常见的有：ask, want, tell, agree, advise, decide, plan, promise, refuse, hope, fail8. 宾语从句改成简单句I don’t know what I can do nextI don’t know _____ ______ do next.9. 有些动词后作宾补省略to一感feel，二听listen to, hear，三让make, let, have，四看see, watch, notice, observe 非谓语动词2——动名词1. 主语Smoking isn’t allowed in public places2. 宾语Tom enjoys traveling around the world.3. 表语My hobby is collecting stamps4. 动名词作宾语的动词enjoy, finish, keep, mind, spend, go, practise.反意疑问句1、划出句子中的谓语部分You could hardly believe the news,____ _____?情态动词有：can, could, may, must, should, need, shall, will, would, ought to2、有些动词的过去式与原形同形cost，set, cut, put, set, fit, read, spreadThe bad news spread fast, ____ _____?3、有些词表示否定的意思little, never, seldom, hardly, rarely, few, none, nothing4、判断现在完成时，过去完成时，看后面有没有过去分词He has a little of milk for his breakfast, _____ _____?Jack has never been to Guangzhou, _____ _____?5、反意部分只能用代词，不能用名词，先画出主句部分的主语，再判断代词用什么。
